Phn tch c s d liu

Ngy ng November 30, 2011 | bi bancamden Khi thit k webstite c s d liu l khu quan trng khng km deisign v code. Lm sao c mt c s d liu ng, ti u v p ng c nhu cu? l iu m chng ta cn gii quyt trong bi hm nay. Cc khi nim: Thc th: L nhng i tng cha thng tin (d liu) cn qun l (thm, xa, sa, xem), hay ni n gin: thc th 1 ni cha d liu trong qu trnh vn hnh site. V d: Nu cn 1 ni cha cc tin nh bng bn di, th bn s cn 1 thc th cha tin. Mi thc th c 1 tn(vd tintuc). Mi tin gi l 1 i tng d liu c th (ngha l 1 tin no )

Bng d liu

Site ca bn c th cn nhiu thc th khc nhau: tintuc, loaitin, users, ykienbandoc ty mc ch s dng. K hiu ca thc th:

Mi thc th c k hiu nh sau:

Thc th trong CSDL

Thuc tnh ca thc th: Trong thc th tintuc nh trn, tin no cng c nhng thng tin nh: TieuDe, TomTat, Ngay, NoiDung. Nhng thng tin ny c gi tng qut l thuc tnh ca thc th. Mi thc th c th c 1 hoc nhiu thuc tnh. Quan h gia cc thc th: Gia hai thc th A v B c th c hoc khng c quan h. Nu c, thng s c nhng kiu quan h sau: Quan h 1 -1: 1 i tng d liu bn A tng ng vi 1 i tng d liu bn B v ngc li V d: 2 thc th hcsinh v diem c quan h 1-1 v mi hc sinh c 1 b im v 1 b im l ca 1 hc sinh.

Quan h 1 1

Quan h 1 nhiu: 1 i tng d liu bn A tng ng vi nhiu i tng d liu bn B v 1 i tng bn B tng tng vi 1 i tng d liu bn A

V d: 2 thc th loaitin v tin c quan h 1-nhiu v mi loi tin c 1 nhiu tin v 1 tin l trong 1 loi no

Quan h 1 nhiu

Quan h nhiu nhiu: 1 i tng d liu bn A tng ng vi nhiu i tng d liu bn B v ngc li V d: 2 thc th donhang v sanpham c quan h nhiu-nhiu v mi n hng c mua nhiu sn phm v 1 sn phm c mua trong nhiu n hng.

Quan h nhiu nhiu

M hnh ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram): L m hnh m t cc thc th trong site & cc mi quan h gia chng. V ra m hnh ERD l vic cn lm din t r rng , tng ca ngi ch website. Cch v m hnh ERD Lit k cc thc th cn thit trong site Lit k cc mi quan h gia cc thc th Tch cc mi quan h nhiu-nhiu thnh 2 mi quan h 1 nhiu v 1 thc th trung gian. M hnh RD (Relationship Diagram) L m hnh m t chi tit cc thuc tnh ca tng thc th v cc mi quan h gia chng. V ra m hnh RD l cn thit din t chi tit, c th tng i tng trong site Cch v m hnh RD Lit k tng thc th v cc thuc tnh ca tng thc th. Mi thc th v nh sau:

M hnh RD

B sung cc kha chnh, kha ngoi cho tng thc th. Gch di cc kha chnh, gch chm chm cc kha ngoi. V quan h gia cc thc th : v t kha chnh n kha ngoi Table: Dng lu d liu cho mt thc th. Thc th ch nm trn giy, table l hin thc ca n vo my tnh. Mi ct ca Table l 1 thuc tnh ca thc th(field) Mi hng ca Table l 1 i tng d liu c th(record) Tn Table trng tn thc th

Table trong CSDL

Kha chnh: L thng tin nhn bit tng record trong table (khng c ID trng nhau) Kha ngoi: L thng tin lin h vi kha chnh bng khc C s d liu (Database): L mt tp hp cc table c quan h vi nhau. Mi c s d liu c 1 tn. H qun tr CSDL: L cc chng trnh qun l CSDL nh MySQL, MsSQL, Oracle, Access Ph lc: Cc m hnh website c bn(ch mng tch cht tham kho) M hnh ERD 1. M hnh ERD tin tc

ERD tin tc

2. M hnh ERD bn hng:

ERD web bn hng

3. M hnh ERD nhc:

ERD site nhc

M hnh RD: 1.Site Tin Tc:

RD web tin tc

Lit k chi tit cc thuc tnh:

<!-- 1. theloai: idTL(int(11)),TenTL (varchar(255)),ThuTu(int(11)),AnHien(tinyint(1) (int(11)) 3. sukien: idSK (int(11)), MoTa (varchar(100)) 4. binhchon: idBC (int(11)), (int(11)) 5. phuongan: idPA (int(11)),MoTa (varchar(255)),SoLanChon(int(11)),idBC(int( cacvitri: idVitri (int(11)), TenViTri (varchar(255)) 8. users: idUser (int(11)), HoTen 1(varchar(255)), DienThoai(varchar(100)), GioiTinh (tinyint(1)) , NgaySinh (date), idGr (varchar(1000)), urlHinh (varchar(255)), Ngay (date), idUser (int(11)), idSK (int(11)) (tinyint(1)), AnHien (tinyint(1)) 10.ykien: idYKien (int(11)), idTin (int(11)), Ngay ( quangcao: idQC (int(11)), MoTa (varchar(255)), Url (varchar(255)), urlHinh (varchar(25 2. Site Bn Hng:

RD site bn hng

Lit k chi tit cc thuc tnh:

<!-- 1. chungloai: idCL (int(11)), TenCL (varchar(100)), ThuTu (int(11)), AnHien(tinyi AnHien (int(1)) 3. sanpham: idSP (int(11)), TenSP (varchar(100)) , urlHinh (varchar(25 (tinyint(1)) , idLoai (int(11)), idCL(int(11)) , GhiChu (varchar(255)), SoLuongTonKho 1(varchar(50)), Password (varchar(50)), DiaChi(varchar(255)), Email (varchar(255)), Die (tinyint(1)) 5. donhang: idDH (int(11)), idUser (int(11)), ThoiDiemDatHang (date), Tho (tinyint(1)), GhiChu (varchar(255)) 6. chitietdonhang: idChiTiet (int(11)), idDH (int( 3. Site nhc:

RD site nhc

Lit k chi tit cc thuc tnh: <!-- 1. theloainhac: idTL (int(11,TenTL (varchar(255)),ThuTu (int (11)),AnHien(tinyint(1)) 2. casi idCS: (int(11, HoTenCS (varchar(255)), urlHinhCS (varchar(255)), GioiThieuCS (text) 3. nhacsi: idNS (int(11)), HoTenNS (varchar(255)), urlHinhNS (varchar(255)), GioiThieuNS (text) 4. baihat: idBH (int(11)), TenBH (varchar(255)), LoiBH (text), urlBH (varchar(255)), idCS (int(11)), NgayCapNhat (date), SoLanNghe (int(11)), idNS (int(11)), idTL (int(11)), SoLanDown (int(11)) 5. users: idUser 1 (int(11)), HoTen (varchar(100)), UserName (varchar(50)), Password (varchar(50)), DiaChi(varchar(255)), Email (varchar(255)), DienThoai(varchar(100)), NgayDangKy (date), idGroup (int(11)), NgaySinh (date), GioiTinh (tinyint(1)) 6. playlist: idPL (int(11)), TenPL (varchar(255)), MoTaPL (text), SoLanNghe (int(11)), NgayCapNhat (date) 7. truyenhinh: idDai (int(11)), TenDai (varchar(255)), MoTa (text), url (varchar(255)), ThuTu (int(11)) --> Kt lun: Qua bi ny chng ta bit cc khi nim cng nh cch phn tch mt c s d liu. Cc m hnh trn mang tch cht tham kho bn phi chnh sa v p dng n vo thc t ca csdl mnh cn. Good luck!