) (

(Handover)

CHAPTER 7
Handover

Page 1 of 7

HANDOVER PROCESS

HO RR BSC . HO :
- MS/BS .
-
-

Handover Decision

HO :
UL/DL UL/DL MS/BS
/ MS HO MS .
HO .
)1.Interference (uplink or downlink
2.Uplink quality
3.Downlink quality
4.Uplink level
5.Downlink level
)6.MS-BS distance (maximum or minimum
7.Turn-around-corner MS
8.Rapid field drop
9.Fast/Slow-moving MS
)10.Better cell (Power budget or Umbrella
)11.PC due to Lower quality thresholds (uplink and downlink
)12.PC due to Lower level thresholds (uplink and downlink
)13.PC due to Upper quality thresholds (uplink and downlink
14.PC due to Upper level thresholds (uplink and downlink).

) 1 (9 BSC .
BSC
) ( ) PC ( .

Interval between Handovers and Handover Attempts

BSC HO HO
HO .
Min_Int_Between_HO_Req
(0 . 30 Sec) 4S
Min_Int_Between_Unsucc_HO_Attempt
(0 . 30 Sec) 2S
HO . )_(EH
HO MS .
HO MS HO .

Page 2 of 7

 HO HO .

Target Cell Evaluation

RR BSC HO
.
:
the radio link measurements
threshold comparison
the priority levels of the neighbouring cells
the load of the neighbouring cells which belong to the same BSC as
the serving cell.
Rx level comparison if it is needed
BTS BSC . RR 32
. BSC
. :
Bts_Load_threshold
)(0 . 100%
95%
Over Load
Ho_Priority_Level
)(0 . 7
3
:
Ho_Load_factor
)(0 . 7
1

.
.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Handover Algorithms
HO . HO .
.
HO :

Page 3 of 7

5.

Handover Algorithms
In all Handover cases (
1.

in imperative HO only requirement)

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, A)

A = msTxPwrMax(n) - msTxPwrMax
Except for Umbrella Handover

1.

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > hoLevelUmbrella(n)

The additional condition

2.

PBGT > hoMarginPBGT(n)

PBGT = (msTxPwrMax - AV_RXLEV_DL_HO - (btsTxPwrMax BTS_TXPWR)) - (msTxPwrMax(n) - AV_RXLEV_NCELL

2.

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > AV_RXLEV_DL_HO + hoMarginLev(n)

. AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
. AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
BTS_TX_PWR
. HO 2 1
. 2 1 Umbrella HO
. 2 1 PBGT HO

Radio Resource Handovers

: RR HO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Level (uplink / downlink)

Quality (uplink / downlink)
Interference (uplink / downlink)
Power budget
Umbrella
BSC BSC BS
:
HO_Threshold_Lev_DL_Rx_Level
HO_Threshold_Lev_UL_Rx_Level
HO_Threshold_Lev_UL_For_Rapid_Field_Drop
Threshold_Deep_Dropping_Edge
HO_Threshold_Qual_DL_Rx_Qual
HO_Threshold_Qual_UL_Rx_Qual
HO_Threshold_Interference_DL_Rx_Level

Page 4 of 7

HO_Threshold_Interference_UL_Rx_Level
Ms_Distance_HO_Threshold_Param_Ms_Range_Max
Ms_Speed_Threshold_Px
Ms_Speed_Threshold_Nx
HO )_(EH
:
- NX .PX
HO HO .
PBGT HO :
Enable_PwrBudget_HandOver
)(Yes/No
Umbrella HO :
Enable_Umbrella_HandOver
)(Yes/No
HO :
HO_Period_PBGT
)(0 . 30 S
4S
HO_Preiod_Umbrella
)(0 . 30 S
6S
BSC HO Itra/Inter HO : HO
:
)Priority HO Interference DL (Inter/Intra
Inter
)Priority HO Interference UL (Inter/Intra
Inter
Intra Cell HO :
Enable_Intra_HO_Interf_UL
)(Yes/No
Y
Enable_Intra_HO_Interf_DL
)(Yes/No
Y

Power Budget Handover

HO MS HO
.
HO :
Enable_PwrBudget_HandOver
)(Yes/No
Y
HO BSC
HO_Period_PBGT
)(0 . 63 SDCCH
4

.
BSC 1 2 .
1 2 HO .

Page 5 of 7

Example (Power Budget HO)

Ser vi ng Cell:

Best Adj acent Cell:

AV_RXL EV_DL _HO = -90 dBm

msTxPwr M ax = 33 dBm (= 2W)
btsTxPwr M ax = 42 dBm (= 16 W)
BTS_TX_PWR = 42 dBm = (16 W)
hoM ar ginPBGT(n) = 6 dB

AV_RXL EV_NCEL L (n) = -80 dBm

r xL evM inCell(n) = -99 dBm
msTxPwr M ax(n) = 33 dBm (= 2W)
btsTxPwr M ax = 42 dBm (= 16 W)
BTS_TX_PWR = 42 dBm = (16 W)

1.

-80 dBm > -99 dBm + (33 dBm - 33 dBm) = -99 dBm

2.

PBGT = (33 dBm - -90 dBm - (42 dBm - 42 dBm)) - (33 dBm - -80 dBm)
= 10 dB
10 dB > 6 dB

OK !!!!

Handover due to Quality or Signal level

UL/DL LEVEL UL/DL QUALITY HO HO BSC
BSC
. 2 1 . HO
UL HO UL
. QUAL
HO_Threshold_Qual_DL_Rx_Qual
HO_Threshold_Qual_UL_Rx_Qual

RxQual is the threshold level for handover. The range is <0.2% >12.8% (bit error rate).

Nx is the total number of averages to be taken into account

before decision is possible. The range varies from 1 to 32.

Px is the number of averages out of total averages that have to

be greater (of worse quality) than or equal to the threshold before a
handover is possible. The range varies from 1 to 32.

Av_RxQual_UL/DL_HO BSC
UL QUAL HO . HO_Threshold_Qual_UL_Rx_Qual
Nx Px
. RxQual

HO_Threshold_Level_DL_Rx_Level
HO_Threshold_Level_UL_Rx_Level

Page 6 of 7

 UL
HO UL LEVEL .

RxLev is the threshold level for handover. The range is from110 dBm to -47 dBm.

Nx is the total number of averages to be taken into account

before decision is possible. The range varies from 1 to 32.

Px is the number of averages out of total averages that have to

be lower than or equal to the threshold before a handover is
possible. The range varies from 1 to 32.
BSC Av_Rx_Level_UL_HO
HO_Threshold_Level_UL_Rx_Level . HO UL_LEVEL
Px Nx
RxLev.
HO :

Imperative Handovers

MS - BTS distance
O&M order to empty the cell
Directed Retry
)Chained cells in a rapid field drop (optional
HO
.

MS BTS Distance Handover

MS/BS HO MS :
Ms_Distance_Behaviour
)(0 . 60 S, 255
1 60 HO
255 HO . 1 :

Page 7 of 7

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