B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG S: 33 /2011/TT-BTNMT

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc H Ni, ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2011 THNG T Quy nh quy trnh k thut quan trc mi trng t B TRNG B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG Cn c Ngh nh s 25/2008/N-CP ngy 04 thng 3 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, c sa i, b sung ti Ngh nh s 19/2010/N-CP ngy 08 thng 3 nm 2010 v Ngh nh s 89/2010/N-CP ngy 16 thng 8 nm 2010; Cn c Ngh nh s 102/2008/N-CP ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph v vic thu thp, qun l, khai thc v s dng d liu v ti nguyn v mi trng; Cn c Quyt nh s 16/2007/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 01 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch tng th mng li quan trc ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia n nm 2020; Xt ngh ca Tng cc trng Tng cc Mi trng, V trng V Khoa hc v Cng ngh v V trng V Php ch, QUY NH: Chng I QUY NH CHUNG iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh Thng t ny quy nh v quy trnh k thut quan trc mi trng t, gm: xc nh mc tiu quan trc, thit k chng trnh quan trc v thc hin chng trnh quan trc. iu 2. i tng p dng Thng t ny p dng vi cc i tng sau:

1. Cc c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng Trung ng v a phng; cc trm, trung tm quan trc mi trng thuc mng li quan trc mi trng quc gia v mng li quan trc mi trng a phng; 2. Cc t chc c chc nng, nhim v v hot ng quan trc mi trng, hot ng dch v quan trc mi trng giao np bo co, s liu cho c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng Trung ng v a phng. iu 3. Nguyn tc p dng cc tiu chun, phng php vin dn 1. Vic p dng cc tiu chun, phng php vin dn phi tun th theo cc tiu chun, phng php quan trc v phn tch c quy nh ti Chng II ca Thng t ny; 2. Trng hp cc tiu chun, phng php quan trc v phn tch quy nh ti Chng II ca Thng t ny sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng theo tiu chun, phng php mi. Chng II QUY TRNH K THUT QUAN TRC MI TRNG T iu 4. Mc tiu quan trc Cc mc tiu c bn trong quan trc mi trng t l: 1. nh gi hin trng mi trng t; 2. Xc nh xu th, din bin, cnh bo nguy c nhim, suy thoi v s c mi trng t; 3. Lm c s cho vic hoch nh chnh sch, kim sot nhim, quy hoch, s dng t phc v pht trin bn vng (kinh t, x hi v mi trng); 4. Theo cc yu cu khc ca cng tc qun l mi trng quc gia, khu vc, a phng. iu 5. Thit k chng trnh quan trc Chng trnh quan trc sau khi thit k phi c cp c thm quyn hoc c quan qun l chng trnh quan trc ph duyt hoc chp thun bng vn bn. Vic thit k chng trnh quan trc mi trng t c th nh sau: 1. Kiu quan trc Cn c vo mc tiu quan trc, khi thit k chng trnh quan trc phi xc nh kiu quan trc l quan trc mi trng nn hay quan trc mi trng tc ng. 2. a im v v tr quan trc a) xc nh chnh xc cc a im v v tr quan trc, phi tin hnh kho st hin trng trc ; 2

b) Vic xc nh a im, v tr quan trc mi trng t ph thuc vo mc tiu chung v iu kin c th ca mi v tr quan trc; c) Quy m ca v tr quan trc mi trng t ph thuc vo mt ly mu theo khng gian, thi gian v ty theo tng loi t. Cc v tr quan trc thng v tr trung tm v xung quanh vng bin; d) V tr quan trc mi trng t c la chn theo nguyn tc i din (a hnh, nhm t, loi hnh s dng t) v phi m bo tnh di hn ca v tr quan trc; ) V tr quan trc mi trng t c chn ni t chu tc ng chnh nh: vng t c nguy c nhim tng hp (cht thi cng nghip, thnh ph, h lu cc dng chy trong thnh ph); vng t bc mu c ph nhiu t nhin thp; vng t thm canh trong nng nghip; vng t c nguy c mn ho, phn ha; vng t dc c nguy c thoi ho do xi mn, ra tri; sa mc ho v la chn mt vi a im khng chu tc ng c iu kin tng t so snh v nh gi. 3. Thng s quan trc a) Phi xem xt v tr quan trc l khu dn c, khu sn xut, loi hnh sn xut hay cc v tr pht thi, ngun thi t la chn cc thng s c trng v i din cho a im quan trc; b) i vi quan trc mi trng nn: cc thng s quan trc c chn lc sao cho phn nh y cc yu t c trng ca mi trng t trn ba mt: hin trng, cc qu trnh v nhn t tc ng n qu trnh ; c) i vi quan trc mi trng tc ng: cc thng s quan trc theo tng loi hnh c th v c tnh ch nh, thng s c th; d) Da vo bn cht ca thng s m chia ra hai nhm thng s c bn: nhm thng s bin i chm v nhm thng s bin i nhanh: - Nhm thng s bin i chm nh: thnh phn c gii, kh nng trao i cation, cacbon hu c, nit tng s, ln tng s, kali tng s; - Nhm thng s bin i nhanh nh: cc cation trao i, ion ho tan, cc cht c hi, tn d phn bn, thuc bo v thc vt, ; ) Vic la chn cc thng s quan trc mi trng t cn c vo mc tiu ca chng trnh quan trc mi trng t. Nu l ln u tin quan trc mi trng t th cn thit phi phn tch tt c cc tnh cht l ho sinh hc thng thng ca t; e) Cc thng s chung quan trc mi trng t l: - Thng s vt l + + Thnh phn c gii; Kt cu t (on lp bn trong nc); 3

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Cc c trng v m (sc ht m ti a, m cy ho); xp, cht, dung trng, t trng; Kh nng thm v mc thm nc. pH (H2O, KCl); Th oxi ha kh (Eh hoc ORP); N, P, K tng s; Cht hu c; Ln d tiu, kali d tiu; Cation trao i (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+); Dung tch hp thu (CEC); no baz; (BS% = (Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+ + Na+) x 100/CEC); dn in, tng s mui tan; HCO3- (ch vi t mn); Cc anion (Cl-, SO42- ); T l % ca Na trao i; (ESP = %Na x 100/CEC); T l hp ph Na; (SAR=1,41Na/(Ca+Mg)0,5); NH4+, NO3-; Kim loi nng: Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Hg, Cr;

- Thng s ha hc

+ D lng thuc bo v thc vt (cht tr su bnh, dit c tng hp). - Thng s sinh hc + + + + Vi sinh vt tng s trong t; Vi khun; Nm; Giun t.

Ngoi cc thng s trn, c th xem xt, b sung thm cc thng s khc theo ch nh ca chuyn gia cho ph hp vi mc tiu nghin cu. 4. Thi gian v tn sut quan trc Vic xc nh thi gian v tn sut quan trc nh sau:

a) Thi gian quan trc mi trng t phi la chn ph hp vi mc tiu quan trc, kiu quan trc v bo m vic quan trc mi trng t khng b cn tr bi nhng yu t ngoi cnh; b) Cn c vo mc tiu ca chng trnh quan trc v chu k bin i hm lng, tn sut quan trc mi trng t nh sau: - i vi nhm thng s bin i chm: quan trc ti thiu 01 ln/3-5 nm; - i vi nhm thng s bin i nhanh: quan trc ti thiu 01 ln/ nm. 5. Lp k hoch quan trc Lp k hoch quan trc cn c vo chng trnh quan trc, bao gm cc ni dung sau: a) Danh sch nhn lc thc hin quan trc v phn cng nhim v cho tng cn b tham gia; b) Danh sch cc t chc, c nhn tham gia, phi hp thc hin quan trc mi trng (nu c); c) Danh mc trang thit b, dng c, ha cht quan trc ti hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim; d) Phng tin, thit b bo h, bo m an ton lao ng cho hot ng quan trc mi trng; ) Cc loi mu cn ly, th tch mu v thi gian lu mu; e) Phng php phn tch trong phng th nghim; g) Kinh ph thc hin quan trc mi trng; h) K hoch thc hin bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng. iu 6. Thc hin chng trnh quan trc Vic t chc thc hin chng trnh quan trc gm cc cng vic sau: 1. Cng tc chun b trc khi ra hin trng Trc khi tin hnh quan trc cn thc hin cng tc chun b nh sau: a) Chun b ti liu, cc bn , s , thng tin chung v khu vc nh ly mu; b) Theo di iu kin kh hu, din bin thi tit; c) Chun b cc dng c, thit b cn thit; kim tra, v sinh v hiu chun cc thit b v dng c ly mu, o, th trc khi ra hin trng; d) Chun b ho cht, vt t, dng c phc v ly mu v bo qun mu: ) Chun b nhn mu, cc biu mu, nht k quan trc v phn tch theo quy nh; e) Chun b cc phng tin phc v hot ng ly mu v vn chuyn mu; 5

g) Chun b cc thit b bo h, bo m an ton lao ng; h) Chun b kinh ph v nhn lc quan trc; i) Chun b c s lu tr cho cc cn b cng tc di ngy; k) Chun b cc ti liu, biu mu c lin quan khc. 2. Ly mu v o ti hin trng a) Tin hnh ly mu t Phng php ly mu t ti hin trng theo cc tiu chun hin hnh quy nh ti Bng 1 di y: Bng 1. Phng php ly mu t ti hin trng STT 1 Phng php ly mu t S hiu tiu chun

Cht lng t - T vng - Phn 2: Cc thut TCVN 6495-2:2001 ng v nh ngha lin quan n ly mu (ISO 11074-2:1998) Cht lng t - Ly mu - Yu cu chung TCVN 5297:1995

2 3

Cht lng t - Ly mu Phn 2: Hng dn TCVN 7538-2:2005 k thut ly mu (ISO 10381-2:2002) Cht lng t - Phng php n gin TCVN 6857:2001 m t t (ISO 11259:1998) t trng trt. Phng php ly mu TCVN 4046:1985

- mt im quan trc: tin hnh ly 01 mu chnh, 04 mu ph cc a im xung quanh im quan trc (trn cng mt tha rung, cnh ng hay vng nghin cu c xem l ng nht): + Mu chnh: ly theo phu din 2 tng t (ty theo hnh thi ca phu din t, c th su n 30 cm i vi tng t mt v t 30-60 cm i vi tng t lin k) ca 05 mu n trn u; + Mu ph: ly tng mt c th su n 30 cm ca mu n trn u. - i vi phu din t: vic ly mu t v miu t theo phu din (bao gm bn t v xc nh tn t) bt buc phi do chuyn gia ngnh khoa hc t thc hin, su ca tng ly mu thay i ty thuc vo loi t; - i vi vng t bc mu, ly mu su t 0-15 cm tng mt v 15-40 cm tng 2 cn c vo tng im quan trc; - i vi vng t b nhim phn, nhim mn, nhim kim loi nng phi ly mu t theo chiu su phu din nh gi v so snh. Cn c theo mc tiu quan trc, chiu su ly mu theo phu din dao ng t 0-150 cm. S 6

lng tng ly mu ph thuc vo s phn tng c th trong sut phu din, c th ly n 4-5 tng trong mt phu din; - Khi lng mu t cn ly t nht khong 500 g t phn tch l ha hc. Mu lm vt liu i chng hoc lu gi trong ngn hng mu t phi c khi lng ln hn 2000 g; - Khi ly mu t cha nhiu vt liu c ln (si, xc hu c, ...) do cc iu kin t khng ng nht hoc ht qu to, cc vt liu loi b phi c m t, cn hoc c lng, ghi li cho php nh gi kt qu phn tch c lin quan ti kt cu ca mu gc. b) o ti hin trng - o ti hin trng: Eh hoc ORP, EC, pH, mn... bt buc phi o trc tip ngoi hin trng tu theo yu cu ca tng mc tiu quan trc, quy trnh o ging nh o trong phng th nghim; - Ly mu o ti hin trng: tng t nh ly mu phn tch trong phng th nghim, theo cc tiu chun hin hnh quy nh ti Bng 1. c) Cng tc bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng ti hin trng thc hin theo cc vn bn, quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng. 3. Bo qun v vn chuyn mu t a) Mu t c bo qun trong dng c cha mu chuyn dng hoc trong ti nilon sch, nhn mu phi ng trong ti nilon m bo khng b nhe do nc thm vo, sau buc cht bng dy cao su, xp trong thng cha mu, vn chuyn v phng th nghim bng cc phng tin ph hp; b) Ring i vi cc thng s sinh hc cn phn tch mu ti, vic bo qun phi theo quy trnh ring. Mu t phi bo qun lnh nhit 2-5 oC v trnh tip xc vi khng kh. Mu t sau khi ly cn c chuyn n phng th nghim v phn tch cng sm cng tt. 4. Phn tch trong phng th nghim a) Cn c thuc vo nng lc phng th nghim, vic phn tch cc thng s phi tun theo mt trong cc phng php quy nh trong Bng 2 di y: Bng 2. Phng php phn tch cc thng s trong phng th nghim STT 1. 2. 3. Thng s Thnh phn c gii T trng Dung trng S hiu tiu chun, phng php Phng php ng ht Robinson Phng php picnomet Phng php ng tr kim loi

STT 4. pHH O
2

Thng s

S hiu tiu chun, phng php TCVN 5979:2007 (ISO 10390:2005); TCVN 4402:1987 TCVN 5979:2007 (ISO 10390:2005); TCVN 4401:1987 TCVN 6650:2000 (ISO 11265:1994) ISO 11265:1994 in cc hoc chun TCVN 6656:2000 (ISO 11048:1995); TCVN 6643:2000 TCVN 6643:2000 TCVN 6645:2000 (ISO 13878:1998) TCVN 8660:2011 TCVN 5255:2009 TCVN 8661:2011 TCVN 8662:2011 TCVN 6642:2000; TCVN 6644:2000 TCVN 4621:2009 BS ISO 23470:2007; ISO 11260:1994 TCVN 4403:2011 TCVN 6496:2009 BS ISO 20280:2007

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

pHKCl EC

Tng s mui tan (TSMT) ClSO4 2N-NH4+ N-NO3N tng s K tng s Nit d tiu P d tiu K d tiu Cacbon hu c Tng s Baz trao i Dung tch hp thu (CEC)

chua trao i (H+ trao i) Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn As

STT 23. Kim loi

Thng s

S hiu tiu chun, phng php TCVN 8246:2009 (EPA Method 7000B) TCVN 6132:1996; TCVN 6134:2009; TCVN 6135:2009; TCVN 8061:2009 (ISO 10382:2002) Phng php MPN (tng s ti a c th) Phng php MPN (tng s ti a c th) Phng php MPN (tng s ti a c th)

24. D lng thuc bo v thc vt 25. 26. 27. Vi khun Nm mc X khun

b) Khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia xc nh gi tr ca cc thng s quy nh ti Bng 2 Thng t ny th p dng tiu chun quc t quy nh ti Bng 2 hoc cc tiu chun quc t khc c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn; c) Cng tc bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong phng th nghim thc hin theo cc vn bn, quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng. 5. X l s liu v bo co a) X l s liu - Kim tra s liu: kim tra tng hp v tnh hp l ca s liu quan trc v phn tch mi trng. Vic kim tra da trn h s ca mu (bin bn, nht k ly mu ti hin trng, bin bn giao nhn mu, bin bn kt qu o, phn tch ti hin trng, biu ghi kt qu phn tch trong phng th nghim,), s liu ca mu QC (mu trng, mu lp, mu chun,); - X l thng k: cn c theo lng mu v ni dung ca bo co, vic x l thng k c th s dng cc phng php v cc phn mm khc nhau nhng phi c cc thng k miu t ti thiu (gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht, gi tr trung bnh, s gi tr vt chun...); - Bnh lun v s liu: vic bnh lun s liu phi c thc hin trn c s kt qu quan trc, phn tch x l, kim tra v cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut c lin quan. b) Bo co Sau khi kt thc chng trnh quan trc, bo co kt qu quan trc phi c lp v gi c quan nh nc c thm quyn theo quy nh. 9

Chng III T CHC THC HIN iu 7. T chc thc hin 1. Tng cc Mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin Thng t ny. 2. B trng, Th trng c quan ngang B, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph, Ch tch U ban nhn dn cc cp v t chc, c nhn c lin quan chu trch nhim thc hin Thng t ny. iu 8. Hiu lc thi hnh 1. Thng t ny c hiu lc k t ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2011. 2. Trong qu trnh thc hin Thng t ny, nu c kh khn, vng mc ngh cc c quan, t chc, c nhn phn nh v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (qua Tng cc Mi trng) kp thi xem xt, gii quyt./.
Ni nhn:
- Th tng Chnh ph v cc Ph Th tng Chnh ph; - Vn phng Quc hi; - Vn phng Ch tch nc; - Vn phng Chnh ph; - Vn phng Trung ng v cc Ban ca ng; - Ta n nhn dn ti cao; - Vin Kim st nhn dn ti cao; - Cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph; - Kim ton Nh nc; - y ban Trung ng Mt trn T quc Vit Nam; - C quan Trung ng ca cc on th; - HND, UBND cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng; - Cc kim tra vn bn QPPL (B T php); - Cc Th trng B TN&MT; - Cc n v trc thuc B TN&MT, Website ca B; - S TN&MT cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng; - Cc n v trong mng li quan trc mi trng quc gia; - Cng bo, Cng Thng tin in t Chnh ph; - Lu: VT, KHCN, PC, TCMT (QTMT). 300

KT. B TRNG TH TRNG k

Bi Cch Tuyn

10