CHUYN I M HNH E-R SANG M HNH QUAN H

Chuyn i m hnh E-R sang m hnh quan h

Input: M hnh E-R (S E-R) Output: M hnh quan h (Tp cc lc quan h)

Cc bc chuyn i m hnh ER sang m hnh quan h

B1: Chuyn i cc tp thc th thnh cc lc quan h B2: Chuyn i mi quan h Is-a B3: Chuyn i mi quan h nh nguyn 1-1 B4: Chuyn i mi quan h nh nguyn 1-n B5: Chuyn i mi quan h nh nguyn n-n B6: Chuyn i cc mi quan h phn x B7: Chuyn i mi quan h a nguyn

Bc 1: Chuyn i cc tp thc th thnh cc bng (cc lc quan h tng ng)

C th: Chuyn i mi tp thc th E thnh bng R(E) c cng tn v cng tp thuc tnh (n tr). V d:
MaSV Sinhvien HoTen Ngaysinh

SinhVien #MaSV HoTen Ngaysinh

Thuc tnh kha ca tp thc th E tr thnh kha chnh ca bng R(E) v c k hiu # pha trc
4

Bc 1 (tt)
Lu :
- i vi thuc tnh a tr th phng php chuyn i c thc hin nh sau: Xt tp thc th E c thuc tnh A l thuc tnh a tr. Khi ta to thm bng R(A) ( biu din thuc tnh A) gm 2 thuc tnh: PKR(A) v A
PKR(A) = PKR(E) A Thit lp kha ngoi PKR(E) ca bng R(A) tham chiu n kha chnh ca R(E).
MaSV HoTen NgaySinh Sothich SV
SV #MaSV HoTen NgaySinh 1 n SoThich #MaSV #ST

Bc 1 (tt)
MaSV HoTen NgaySinh Sothich SV
SV #MaSV HoTen NgaySinh 1 n SoThich #MaSV #ST

V d:
MaSV HoTen NgaySinh SoThich MaSV ST Karaok Bi TV Nhy TV

1
1 1 2

Karaok
Bi TV Nhy

1
2

A
B

1/1/2001
2/2/2002

TV

Bc 2: Chuyn i mi quan h Is a
IdNguoi

Nguoi
DTB HB

HoTen
NgaySinh Luong BienChe

SinhVien

GiaoVien

C 2 cch chuyn: C1: Khng s dng lc quan h biu din lp cha

SinhVien #MaSV HoTen NgaySinh DTB HB GiaoVien #MaGV HoTen NgaySinh Luong BienChe

Bc 2 (tt)
IdNguoi Nguoi DTB HB SinhVien HoTen NgaySinh GiaoVien Luong BienChe

C2: B sung kho ngoi cho cc lc quan h biu din lp con SinhVien #MaSV DTB HB Nguoi #IdNguoi HoTen NgaySinh GiaoVien #MaGV Luong BienChe

Bc 3: Chuyn i mi quan h nh nguyn 1-1

Xt mi quan h R nh sau:

(?,1)

(?,1)

Khi : ta s b sung 1 kho ngoi cho R(E) hoc R(F) (u tin tp thc th tham gia ton b). Chng hn: nu E tham gia ton b
R(E) . . . . FK R(F) 1 #PKR(F)

FK l kha ngoi ca R(E) tham chiu n kha chnh ca R(F)

Bc 3 (tt)
V d:
MaGV
(0,1) (1,1)

MaLop

HT
NS

GiaoVien

ChuNhie m

Lop

TenLop

GiaoVien

Lop

#MaGV HT

#MaLop
1

TenLop

NS

MaGV

Lu : Nu mi quan h ny c km theo thuc tnh th cc thuc tnh

s c chuyn thnh thuc tnh ca R(E) hoc R(F) (u tin tp thc th tham gia ton b)

Bc 4: Chuyn i mi quan h nh nguyn 1-n

Xt mi quan h R nh sau:
E pha 1
(?,n)

(?,1)

pha nhiu

Khi : ta s b sung 1 kho ngoi R(F) (pha nhiu).

11

Bc 4 (tt)
V d:
(1,1) (1,n)

GiaoVien

Thuc

Khoa

GiaoVien

Khoa

#MaGV HT NS
1

#Makhoa Tenkhoa

Makhoa

Lu : Nu mi quan h ny c km theo thuc tnh th cc thuc tnh s c chuyn thnh thuc tnh ca R(F) (pha nhiu)

Bc 5: Chuyn i mi quan h nh nguyn n-n

Xt mi quan h R nh sau:

(?,n)

(?,n)

Khi ta s b sung thm 1 bng mi T (cng tn mi quan h R) bao gm: Cc thuc tnh: UT = PKR(E) PKR(F) R Vi kha chnh l PKT = PKR(E) PKR(F) PKR(E) ca T tham chiu n R(E), PKR(F) ca T tham chiu n R(F).

13

Bc 5 (tt)
V d:
MaSV HT NS Diem L1 Diem L2
(1,n) (1,n)

MaMH

SV

Thi

MH

TenMH

SV #MaSV HT NS

Thi #MaSV

MH #MaMH TenMH

#MaMH
Diem L1 Diem L2

Bc 5 (tt)
Lu :
i vi mi quan h 1-1, 1-n ta cng c th chuyn i tng t nh vic chuyn i i vi mi quan h n-n. Vic chuyn i ch khc v rng buc kho chnh m thi.

V d mi quan h 1-1
MaGV HT NS

GiaoVien

(0,1)

ChuNhie m

(1,1)

MaLop

Lop

TenLop

GiaoVien

ChuNhiem

Lop

#MaGV
HT NS

#MaGV
MaLop

#MaLop
TenLop

Trong trng hp ny, ta c th chn MaLop l kho chnh cng c.

Bc 5 (tt)
Lu (tt):
V d mi quan h 1-n
MaSV
HT NS (1,1)

(n,n)

MaLop

SinhVien

HocTai

Lop

TenLop

SinhVien #MaSV HT NS

HocTai #MaSV MaLop

Lop #MaLop TenLop

Bc 6: Chuyn i mi quan h phn x

c thc hin tng t nh i vi vic chuyn i mi quan h nh nguyn 1-1, 1-n, n-n V d 1: Xt mi quan h phn x 1-1
Id_Nguoi HT NS Vo(0,1)

Nguoi

KetHon
Chong(0,1)

Nguoi
#Id_Nguoi HT NS Id_VoChong

17

Bc 6 (tt)
V d 2: Xt mi quan h phn x 1-n
Id_Nguoi HT NS Con(0,n)

Nguoi

LaCha
Bo(1,1)

Nguoi
#Id_Nguoi HT NS Id_Bo

18

Bc 6 (tt)
V d 3: Xt mi quan h phn x n - n
Id_Nguoi HT NS YeuAi(0,n)

Nguoi

Yu
AiYeu(0,n)

TGBD

Nguoi #Id_Nguoi

Yeu #Id_YeuAi

HT
NS

#Id_AiYeu
TGBD

19

Bc 7: Chuyn i mi quan h a nguyn

Tng t nh phng php chuyn i mi quan h nh nguyn n-n.
NamHoc
MaGV HT NS (n,n) (n,n) MaMH

GiaoVien

Day
(n,n)

MH
MaLop TenLop

TenMH

Lop
Lop #MaLop TenLop MH #MaMH TenMH Day MaGV #MaLop #MaMH NamHoc

GiaoVien #MaGV HT NS

20