Hng dn gii: Bi tp Hon v - Chnh hp T hp

10/2012

Hng dn gii Bi tp Hon v - Chnh hp T hp

1. BI TP HON V

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b) Do 2 bn A, B ng u hng nn c 2! = 2 cch
xp 2 bn ng u. (c th A hoc B ng u).
3 v tr cn li ta chn 3 hc sinh cn li v xp theo
mt th t nn c 3! = 6 cch.
Vy theo qui tc nhn ta c: 2!.3!=2.6=12 cch.
1.3. T 5 ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu
s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau, trong c bao
nhiu s l ? Bao nhiu s khng chia ht cho 5 ?
Gii
c s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau ta chn 5 ch
s t 5 ch s cho. Nn c P5 = 5! = 120 s.

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1.2. Cn sp xp 5 hc sinh A, B, C, D, E thnh mt

dy hng ngang.
a) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp.
b) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp sao cho hai hc sinh
A v B lun ng hai u hng ?
Gii
a) xp 5 hc sinh theo mt dy hng ngang, ta
chn 5 hc sinh t 5 hc sinh cho ri sp theo mt
th t. Vy c P5 = 5! = 120 cch.

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1.1. C 6 con tem khc nhau v 6 b th khc nhau.

Hi c bao nhiu cch dn 6 con tem ln 6 b th
cho, bit 1 b th ch dn ng 1 tem ?
Gii
dn 6 con tem khc nhau, ta chn 6 phong b t 6
phong b cho ri sp chng theo mt th t nht
nh. Vy c P6 = 6! = 720 cch

b) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp nu hc sinh ng

u hng l hc sinh n v hc sinh cui hng l hc
sinh nam ?
Gii
a) Trc tin ta chn 5 bn nam xp hng vo 5 v tr
nn c 5! cch xp.
Gia 2 bn nam c 1 khong trng, nn 5 bn nam s
c 4 khong trng, cng thm v tr u hng v cui
hng nn c tng cng 6 khong trng.
cho 3 bn n lun ng lin nhau, ta chn 1 trong
6 khong trng xp 3 bn n vo, nn c 6
cch.
Khi chn c 1 khong trng, xp 3 bn n
ng lin nhau ta c 3! cch.
Theo qui tc nhn ta c: 5!.6.3!=4320 cch.
b) Chn 1 hc sinh n trong 3 hc sinh n ng
u hng ta c 3 cch chn.
Chn 1 hc sinh nam trong 5 hc sinh nam ng
cui hng ta c 5 cch chn.
Cn li 6 v tr ng gia ta chn 6 bn hc sinh cn
li v xp vo, nn c 6! cch.
Theo qui tc nhn ta c: 3.5.6! = 10800 cch.
1.5.C 4 n sinh tn l Hu, Hng, Lan, Hng v 4
nam sinh l An, Bnh, Hnh, Phc cng ngi quanh
mt bn trn c 8 ch.
a) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp bit nam v n ngi
xen k nhau ?
b) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp nu nam v n ngi
xen k nhau nhng hai bn Hng v An khng chu
ngi cnh nhau ?
Gii
a) Trc tin, ta rng khi xp 8 bn nam, n
trn ngi xen k vi nhau quanh bn trn, sau tt
c cng ng ln v i v tr theo mt chiu nht
nh th v tr xung quanh bn trn vn khng i.
Do , ta chn mt bn nam xp vo trc lm mc.
Ri xp 3 bn nam cn li vo 3 v tr xung quanh bn
trn nn c 3! cch.
Khi xp 4 bn nam vo bn trn, gia 2 bn nam c
mt khong trng, vy c tng cng 4 khong trng.
Chn 4 bn n, xp vo 4 khong trng c 4! cch.
Theo qui tc nhn ta c 3!.4! = 144 cch

Gi x = abcde l s c 5 ch s khc nhau.

Nu x l s l th e {1;3;5} nn c 3 cch chn
Bn s cn li abcd l hon v ca 4 ch s cn li (v
loi i s e). Nn c 4! cch chn.
Vy theo qui tc nhn ta c 3.4!=3.24=72 s l
Nu xM 5 th e=5 nn c 1 cch chn.
Bn s abcd cn li l hon v ca 4 ch s cn li (v
loi i 5). Nn c 4! cch sp xp.
Theo qui tc nhn ta c 1.4!=24 s chia ht cho 5.
1.4. Cn sp xp 3 hc sinh n v 5 hc sinh nam
thnh mt hng dc.
a) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp nu 3 hc sinh n
lun ng lin nhau ?

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Hng dn gii: Bi tp Hon v - Chnh hp T hp

10/2012
2.5. Mt lp c 15 hc sinh nam v 20 n. Trong bui
tp trung lp u nm, gio vin chn 3 hc sinh lm
ban cn s lp: 1 lp trng, 1 lp ph v 1 th qu.
a) Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ?
b) Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu lp trng l nam.
c) Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu trong 3 bn c
chn phi c t nht 1 n.
Gii
a) c 1 lp trng, 1 lp ph, 1 th qu ta chn 3
hc sinh t 35 hc sinh ri sp theo 1 th t. y
chnh l chnh hp chp 3 ca 35: A353 = 39270

b) Trc tin ta xp 2 bn Hng v An ngi cnh

nhau, c 2 cch xp.
Chn 3 bn nam cn li xp vo 3 v tr c 3!cch.
Chn 3 bn n xp vo 3 v tr xen k c 3!cch.
Theo qui tc nhn ta c 2.3!.3!=72 cch.
Vy nu xp Hng v An ngi cnh nhau th c 72
cch. Nn s cch xp Hng v An khng ngi cnh
nhau l:
S cch xp xen k - s cch xp ngi cnh nhau
= 144 72 =72 cch sp xp.

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2. CHNH HP

b) Lp trng l nam c 15 cch chn.

Hai bn cn li c chn t 34 bn cn li ri xp
theo mt th t nn c A342 .

2.1. Khng dng my tnh b ti, hy tnh:

a) A101 + A83 b)

A92 + A83
A64 + 2 A44

c)

A64 + 3 A63 + A53

3 A52 - A74

Theo qui tc nhn ta c: 15. A342 = 16830 cch chn.

c) Gi s 3 bn c chn u l nam. Khi c
A153 = 2730 .

Vy s cch chn sao cho c t nht 1 n bng

Tng s cch s cch chn c 3 l nam
=39270 2730 = 36540.
2.6. Trong mt cuc ua nga gm 10 con. Hi c
my cch 10 con nga ny v ch nht, nh, ba.
Gii
nhn gii nht, nh, ba ta chn 3 con nga t 10
con nga ri xp theo mt th t, nn c A103 = 720

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hi

a) 346 b) 1 c) -1
2.2. Mt nh hng c 5 mn n ch lc, cn chn 2
mn n khc nhau cho mi ngy, mt mn bui tra
v mt mn bui chiu. Hi c my cch chn ?
Gii
c 2 mn n, mt mn cho bui tra v mt mn
cho bui chiu ta chn 2 mn t 5 mn n ch lc ri
xp chng theo mt th t. Vy c A52 = 20 cch.

eu

Gii

2.3. trng ph thng c cc mn hc l Ton, L,

Ha, Sinh, Vn, S, a, Ting Anh, Cng ngh, Tin
hc, Gio dc cng dn, Gio dc quc phng v Th
dc. Cn sp lch cho mt ngy hc c 5 tit thuc 5
mn khc nhau. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp?
Gii
Ta thy c tng cng 13 mn hc khc nhau.
sp thi kha biu cho mt ngy c 5 tit hc, ta
chn 5 mn t 13 mn hc ri xp chng theo mt th
t, nn c A135 = 154 440

2.7. Trong mt chng trnh vn ngh, cn chn ra 7

bi ht trong 10 bi ht v 3 tit mc ma trong 5 tit
mc ma ri xp th t biu din. Hi c bao nhiu
cch chn nu cc bi ht c xp k nhau v cc
tit mc ma c xp k nhau ?
Gii
Chn 7 bi ht t 10 bi ri xp th t, c A107

2.4. C 10 cun sch khc nhau v 7 cy bt my

khc nhau. Cn chn ra 3 cun sch v 3 cy bt my
lm qu tng cho 3 hc sinh, mi em mt cun
sch v mt cy bt my. Hi c my cch ?
Gii

Chn 3 mc ma t 5 ri xp th t nn c A53

Chn 3 t 10 cun sch khc nhau c A103

2.8. T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp
c bao nhiu s t nhin:
a) C 5 ch s khc nhau ?
b) C 6 ch s khc nhau v s phi l s l ?

Chn 3 t 7 cy bt my khc nhau c A73

Theo qui tc nhn ta c: A103 . A73 = 151200

Trng hp 1 : ht trc, ma sau c: A107 . A53

Trng hp 2 : ma trc, ht sau c: A53 . A107
Theo qui tc cng c: A107 . A53 + A53 . A107 = 72,576, 000

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Hng dn gii: Bi tp Hon v - Chnh hp T hp

10/2012
V a 0 nn a {1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9} , c 9 cch chn.

c) C 3 ch s khc nhau v s chia ht cho 3 ?

Gii
a) c s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau ta chn 5
ch s t 9 ch s cho ri xp th t, nn c:

Cc ch s bcde c c do chn 4 ch s t 9 ch
cn li ri xp th t nn c A94 cch chn.
Theo qui tc nhn ta c 9. A94 = 27126 s.

A = 15120 s
5
9

S cc ch s chn:
x l s chn th e {0, 2, 4, 6,8}

x l s l th a6 {1;3;5;7;9} nn c 5 cch chn.

TH1: e = 0 th abcd l chnh hp chp 4 ca 9 ch s

T 9 ch s cho, a6 chn 1 ch s nn cn li 8.

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 nn c: A94 cch chn.

c 5 ch s cn li a1a2 a3 a4 a5 ta chn 5 ch s t

TH2: e {2, 4, 6,8} th e c 4 cch chn.

8 ch s cn li ri xp th t nn c: A85

Khi a {1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9} \ {e} nn ch s a c 8

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b) Gi x = a1a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 l s c 6 ch s khc nhau.

cch chn.
Cc ch s cn li bcd c c do chn 3 ch s t 8
ch s trong {0,1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9} \ {a, e} nn c A83

Theo qui tc nhn ta c: 5. A85 = 33600 s.

c) Gi x = abc l s c 3 ch s khc nhau.
x chia ht cho 3 th a + b + c M 3

Theo qui tc nhn ta c: 4.8.A83

tng a + b + c ch c th bng 6,9,12,15,18,21,24

Nu a + b + c = 9 th
a, b, c {1, 2, 6}; {1,3,5}; {2,3, 4} c: 3.3! s.

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Nu a + b + c = 12 th:
a, b, c {1, 2,9};{1,3,8};{1, 4, 7}
c 7.3! s.
{1,5, 6};{2,3, 7};{2, 4, 6};{3, 4,5}

S cc ch s l:
= Cc s c 5 ch s - cc s chn c 5 ch s
= 27126 12432 = 14694
Cc s chia ht cho 5:
S x chia ht cho 5 khi e = 0 hoc e = 5

hi

Nu a + b + c = 6 th:
a, b, c {1, 2,3} nn c 3! s

Theo qui tc cng ta c A84 + 4.8. A83 = 12432

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Do a, b, c {1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9} nn a + b + c M 3 th

Nu a + b + c = 15 th:
a, b, c {1,5,9};{1, 6,8};{2, 4,9}
c 8.3! s.
{2,5,8};{2, 6, 7};{3, 4,8};{3,5, 7};{4,5, 6}
Nu a + b + c = 18 th:
a, b, c {1,8,9};{2, 7,9};{3, 6,9}
c 7.3! s
{3, 7,8};{4,5,9};{4, 6,8};{5, 6, 7}

TH1: e = 0 s cch chn abcd l A94

TH2: e = 5
S cch chn ca a l 8 (v loi 5 v 0)
S cch chn bcd l A83
Vy c : A94 + 8. A83 = 5712 s chia ht cho 5

Theo qui tc cng ta c: 30.3! s tha yu cu.

6 + A62 + A63 + A64 + A65 + A66 = 1956 s.

Nu a + b + c = 24 th a, b, c {7,8,9} c 3! s.

2.10. C bao nhiu s t nhin c cc ch s khc

nhau c lp t cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ?
Gii
T cc ch s 1,2,3,4,5,6 c th lp c cc loi s
t nhin c cc ch s khc nhau l: loi 1 ch s;
loi 2 ch s; loi 3 ch s; loi 4 ch s; loi 5 ch
s; loi 6 ch s Do ta c:

Nu a + b + c = 21 th:
a, b, c {4,8,9}; {5, 7,9}; {6, 7,8} c 3.3! s

2.9. T cc ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 c th lp c
bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau.
Trong cc s c bao nhiu s chn, bao nhiu s l,
bao nhiu s chia ht cho 5 ?
Gii:
Gi x = abcde l s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau.

2.11. T X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} lp c bao nhiu

s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau trong nht thit
phi c mt ch s 5.
Gii:
Gi x = abcde l s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau
c lp thnh t tp X.

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Hng dn gii: Bi tp Hon v - Chnh hp T hp

10/2012

Ch s a X \ {0} c 6 cch chn.

iu kin: x ; x 3

Cc ch b, c, d , e X \ {a} c A64 cch chn.

x!
x!
+5
21x
( x - 3)!
( x - 2)!
x( x - 1)( x - 2) + 5 x( x - 1) 21x
( x - 1)( x - 2) + 5( x - 1) 21
(do x 3)
Ax3 + 5 Ax2 21x

Theo qui tc nhn ta c: 6. A64 = 2160 s c 5 ch s.

Gi s rng x l s c 5 ch s v khng c cha ch
s 5. Khi x c chn t {0,1,2,3,4,6}
Ch s a c 5 cch chn

x 2 - 3 x + 2 + 5 x - 5 - 21 0
x 2 + 2 x - 24 0
-6 x 4
Vy x = 3 x = 4

Cc ch bcde c A54 cch chn

Theo qui tc nhn ta c 5. A54 = 600
Vy s c cha t nht 1 ch s 5 s bng:
Cc s c 5 ch s - s 5 ch s khng cha s 5
= 2160 600 = 1560

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3. T HP
3.1. Khng dng my tnh, hy tnh:
a) C212 + C52

2.12. Gii phng trnh: A = 30 A

5
n

4
n-2

Gii

Gii

a) 220
b) 1652
3.2. Mt t c 8 hc sinh, cn chn ra 2 bn trc lp
(bn no cng c). Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ?
Gii

iu kin: n 6 , n
n!
(n - 2)!
= 30
(n - 5)!
(n - 2 - 4)!
n(n - 1)(n - 2)!
(n - 2)!

= 30
(n - 5)(n - 6)!
(n - 6)!
n(n - 1)

= 30 n 2 - n = 30n - 150
(n - 5)

eu

An5 = 30 An4- 2

Chn 2 bn t 8 bn trc nht lp c C82 = 28

2.13. Gii phng trnh Px . Ax2 + 72 = 6( Ax2 + 2 Px )

iu kin: x 2 , x

x!

x!
+ 72 = 6
+ 2 x !
( x - 2)!
( x - 2)!

x!

Px . Ax2 + 72 = 6( Ax2 + 2 Px )

Gii

x ! x( x - 1) + 72 = 6 ( x( x - 1) + 2 x !)
x ! x( x - 1) - 12 x ! = 6 x( x - 1) - 72
x !( x 2 - x - 12) = 6( x 2 - 6 x - 12)
( x 2 - x - 12)( x !- 6) = 0
x = 4
x 2 - x - 12 = 0

x = -3 (loai )
x !- 6 = 0
x = 3

2.14. Gii bt phng trnh A + 5 A 21x

3
x

Gii

2
x

3.3. Mt bc nng dn c 6 con b, 4 con heo. Mt

nng dn khc n hi mua 2 con b v 3 con heo.
Hi c my cch chn mua ?
Gii

hi

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n = 25
n 2 - 31n + 150 = 0
n = 6

b) C101 .C113 + 2C1010

Mua 2 con b t 6 con b c C62 cch chn

Mua 3 con heo t 4 con heo c C43 cch chn
Theo qui tc nhn ta c C62 .C43 = 60 cch chn.
3.4. Mt lp c 40 hc sinh gm 25 nam v 15 n.
Gio vin ch nhim cn chn ra 6 hc sinh tham gia
trng cy. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu:
a) Khng phn bit nam, n ?
b) C 4 nam v 2 n ?
c) C t nht l 3 hc sinh nam ?
Gii
Nhm tham gia trng cy gm 6 hc sinh, khng phn
bit th t.
a) c nhm 6 hc sinh ta chn 6 hc sinh t 40
6
hc sinh ca lp, nn c C40
= 3,838,380
b) Nhm c 6 ngi
Chn 4 nam t 25 nam c C254 cch chn
Chn 2 n t 15 n c C152 cch chn.

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Hng dn gii: Bi tp Hon v - Chnh hp T hp

10/2012

TH2: C 4 nam 2 n, ta c C254 .C152 cch chn.

trong c t nht l 2 em nam v 2 em n. Hi c

bao nhiu cch chn.
Gii
Chn 1 tp ca c 5 hc sinh trong c t nht 2
nam, 2 n th c cc trng hp:

5
TH3: C 5 nam 1 n, ta c C25
.C151 cch chn.

TH1: 3 nam, 2 n, ta c C103 .C102 cch chn.

TH4: C 6 nam, ta c C256 cch chn.

TH2: 2 nam, 3 n, ta c C102 .C103 cch chn.

Theo qui tc cng ta c:

Theo qui tc cng ta c C103 .C102 + C102 .C103

3
5
+ C254 .C152 + C25
C153 .C25
.C151 + C256

3.8. Mt i cnh st gm c 9 ngi. Trong ngy cn

3 ngi lm nhim v ti a im A, 2 ngi lm ti
B cn li 4 ngi trc n. Hi c bao nhiu cch
phn cng ?
Gii
Chn 3 ngi t 9 ngi lm nhim v ti im A
ta c C93 cch chn.

Theo qui tc nhn ta c C254 .C152 = 1,328, 250 cch.

c) Nhm 6 ngi c t nht 3 nam c th xy ra:

4 ngi cn li trc n c 1 cch chn.

Chn 4 nam t 15 nam ta c C154 cch chn.

b) Chn 1 t 7 ngi c t nht 2 n th:
TH2: 3 n 4 nam, ta c C103 .C154

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TH1: 2 n 5 nam, ta c C102 .C155 cch chn

Vy theo qui tc nhn ta c C93 . C62 .1=1260

hi

Theo qui tc nhn ta c C103 .C154 = 163,800

Chn 2 ngi t 6 ngi cn li lm nhim v ti

im B c C62 cch chn.

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3.5. Mt chi on c 25 on vin trong 10 n.

Mun chn 1 t cng tc c 7 ngi. C bao nhiu
cch chn nu:
a) Trong t c ng 3 n ?
b) Trong t c t nht 2 n ?
Gii
a) Mt t cng tc 7 ngi, c ng 3 n th c 4
nam. Chn 3 n t 10 n c C103 cch chn.

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3
TH1: C 3 nam 3 n, ta c C153 .C25
cch chn.

Lm tng t, cui cng theo qui tc cng ta c:

C102 .C155 + C103 .C154 + C104 .C153 + C105 .C152 + C106 .C151 + C107

3.6. Mt i xy dng gm 10 cng nhn, 3 k s.

lp 1 t cng tc cn chn 1 k s l t trng, 1 cng
nhn lm t ph v 3 cng nhn lm t vin. Hi c
bao nhiu cch lp t cng tc.
Gii
Chn 1 k s trong 3 k s c C31 cch chn.
1
10

Chn 1 cng nhn lm t ph t 10 cng nhn c C

3.9. C 5 nh Ton hc nam, 3 nh Ton hc n v 4

nh Vt l nam. Mun lp 1 on cng tc c 3 ngi
gm c nam ln n, cn c c nh ton hc ln vt l.
Hi c bao nhiu cch chn.
Gii
Lp 1 on cng tc gm 3 ngi c c nam, n v c
c ton ln vt l. Ta c cc trng hp sau:
TH1: 1 nh ton hc nam, 1 nh ton hc n, 1 nh
vt l nam, ta c C51.C31.C41 cch chn.
TH2: 2 nh ton hc n, 1 nh vt l nam, c C32 .C41
TH3: 1 nh ton hc n, 2 nh vt l nam, c C31.C42
Theo qui tc cng ta c:
C51.C31.C41 + C32 .C41 + C31.C42 = 90 cch chn.

3.10.* C 30 cu hi khc nhau gm 5 cu kh, 10

Chn 3 cng nhn lm t vin t 9 cng nhn cn li cu trung bnh v 15 cu d. T 30 cu c th lp
bao nhiu kim tra, mi gm 5 cu khc nhau,
ta c C93 cch chn.
sao cho mi phi c 3 loi (kh, trung bnh, d) v
Theo qui tc nhn ta c: C31 . C101 . C93 =2520 cch
s cu d khng t hn 2 ?
chn.
Gii
3.7. Mt i vn ngh gm 10 hc sinh nam v 10 hc
kim tra c 5 cu, phi c 3 loi cu kh, trung
sinh n. C gio mun chn ra 1 tp ca gm 5 em
bnh, d v phi c t nht 2 cu d, c th xy ra cc
trng hp sau y:

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Hng dn gii: Bi tp Hon v - Chnh hp T hp

10/2012

TH1: 2 cu d, 3 cu cn li c c kh, ln trung

bnh.

b) TH1: tam gic c 2 nh nm trn a, mt nh nm

trn b, ta c C102 .C131 = 585 tam gic.

Chn 2 cu d t 15 cu c C152 cch chn

TH2: tam gi c 1 nh thuc a, 2 nh thuc b, ta c

: C101 .C132 = 780 .

Nu ch chn 3 cu kh t 5 cu kh ta c C53 cch.

Theo qui tc cng ta c: 585 + 780 = 1365

3.14.* Mt on tu c 3 toa ch khch; toa I, II, III.
Trn sn ga c 4 hnh khch chun b i tu. Bit rng
mi toa u cn 4 ch trng. Hi :
a) C bao nhiu cch sp 4 hnh khch ln tu.
b) C bao nhiu cch sp 4 hnh khch ln tu c 1
toa trong c 3 trong 4 v khch.
Gii
a) 4 v khch ln tu, ta cn chn ra 4 ch trng
trong 12 ch trng trn tu. V ch cn ln tu, khng
quan tm th t nn c C124 = 495 cch sp xp.

Nu ch chn 3 cu trung bnh t 10 cu ta c C103

Nu chn 3 cu t 15 cu (kh+trung bnh) c C153
Vy chn 3 cu c c kh ln trung bnh t 15 cu ta
c: C153 - C103 - C53 = 325 cch chn.

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Theo qui tc nhn ta c: C152 .325 cch chn.

TH2: 3 cu d, 1 cu kh, 1 cu trung bnh ta c:
C153 .C51.C101 = 22750 cch chn.
Cui cng, p dng quy tc cng ta c:

C152 .325 + 22750 = 56875 cch chn.

b) Chn 1 nhm 3 v khch t 4 v khch ta c C43

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cch chn.
Nhm 3 v khch ny khi ln tu c th chn 1 trong 3
toa tu, nn c 3 cch chn.
V khch cn li khi ln tu c th chn 1 toa trong 2
toa tu (khng ch nhm 3 v kia) nn c 2 cch chn.

.g
v

hi

3.11. Cho 15 im khc nhau nm trn mt phng.

Khng c bt c 3 im no trong s thng hng.
Hi c th lp c bao nhiu tam gic, t gic c
nh l mt trong cc im cho.
Gii
lp 1 tam gic, ta chn 3 im t 15 im cho
nn c C153 = 455 (tam gic)
lp 1 t gic, ta chn 4 im t 15 im cho
nn c C154 = 1365 (t gic)

3.12. C 6 ng thng song song v 12 ng thng

song song khc. Hi c bao nhiu hnh bnh hnh
c to thnh ?
Gii
c 1 hnh bnh hnh, ta cn chn ra 2 ng thng
song song, ri chn tip 2 ng thng song song v
ct 2 ng chn trc .
Vy ta c C62 .C122 = 990 hnh bnh hnh.

3.13. Cho hai ng thng song song a v b. Trn a

c 10 im phn bit v trn b c 13 im phn bit.
a) C bao nhiu hnh thang c to thnh t cc
im nm trn hai ng thng cho.
b) C bao nhiu tam gic c to thnh t cc im
nm trn hai ng thng cho.
Gii
a) c c 1 hnh thang ta chn t ng thng a
hai im, chn t ng thng b hai im.
Vy c C .C = 3510 cch chn.
2
10

Copyright

2
13

Theo qui tc nhn ta c: C43 .3.2 = 24 cch sp xp.

3.15. Gii phng trnh An3- 2 = Cn2-1
Gii
iu kin: n , n 2
(n - 2)!
(n - 1)!
=
(n - 5)! (n - 3)!2!
1
(n - 2)(n - 3)(n - 4) = (n - 1)(n - 2)
2
n - 2 = 0

(n - 3)(n - 4) = 1 (n - 1)

n = 2
n = 2

2
n = 5
2n - 15n + 25 = 0

5
n = (loai )

2
An3- 2 = Cn2-1

Vy n = 2 hoc n = 5
3.16. Gii bt phng trnh An3 2Cn3-1 + P2
Gii
iu kin: n , n 1

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Hng dn gii: Bi tp Hon v - Chnh hp T hp

10/2012

n!
(n - 1)!
2
+ 2!
(n - 3)!
(n - 4)!3!
2
n(n - 1)(n - 2) (n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3) + 2
6
6n(n - 1)(n - 2) 2(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3) + 12
6n3 - 18n 2 + 12n 2n3 - 12n 2 + 22n - 12 + 12

4. BI TP TNG HP
4.1. i vn ngh ca on trng c 7 nam v 9 n.
Cn chn ra 5 nam v 5 n ghp thnh 5 cp nam
n trnh din tit mc thi trang. Hi c bao nhiu
cch chn tha yu cu bi ton.
Gii

4n3 - 6n 2 - 10n 0

Chn 5 nam t 7 nam c C75 cch chn.

2n 2 - 3n - 5 0
5
-1 n
2
Do n , n 1 nn n = 1 hoc n = 2

Chn 5 n t 9 n c C95 .

An3 2Cn3-1 + P2

Theo qui tc nhn ta c: C75 . C95 .5! = 317 520

.c
om

C = C
3.17. Gii cc h a) 2
Cn = 153

m+ 2
n

m
n

Ghp 5 nam vi 5 n c 5! cch chn.

C = C
b) 2
Ay = 20
x
y

x +1
y

n!
n!

C = C
(n - m)!m ! (n - m - 2)!(m + 2)!

2
n!
Cn = 153

= 153
(n - 2)!2!
m+ 2
n

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v

1
1

(n - m)(n - m - 1) (m + 2)(m + 1)

n(n - 1) = 306

1
1

(18 - m)(17 - m) (m + 2)(m + 1)

n = 18 n = -17(loai )

38m = 304
m = 8

n = 18
n = 18

b) iu kin: x, y , x 0; y 1; x y

y!
y!

C = C
( y - x)! x ! ( y - x - 1)!( x + 1)!

2
Ay = 20
y ! = 20
( y - 2)!
x
y

Nhm II c c do chn 6 hc sinh t 12 hc sinh

cn li, nn c C126 cch chn.

hi

m
n

eu

Gii:
a) iu kin: m, n , m 0, n 1, n m

4.2. Cn chia 18 hc sinh ca mt lp thnh 3 nhm

sinh hot (khng cn t tn cho nhm, khng quy
nh th t), mi nhm c 6 hc sinh. Hi c bao
nhiu cch chia.
Gii
Gi s ta t tn cho 3 nhm l I, II, III.
Nhm I c c do chn 6 hc sinh t 18 hc sinh
ca lp. Nn c C186 cch chn.

x +1
y

1
1
1
1
=
=
x = 2

y - x x +1 5 - x x +1

y = 5

y( y -1) = 20 y = 5 y = -4(loai)

Nhm III l 6 hc sinh cn li, nn c 1 cch chn.

Vy theo qui tc nhn ta c C186 . C126 cch chn.

Nhng bi cho 3 nhm ny khng t tn, khng

qui nh th t, nn khi hon i v tr 3 nhm ny th
kt qu vn khng thay i. Hon i 3 nhm c 3!
trng hp lp li. V th s cch chia thnh 3 nhm
C186 .C126
tha yu cu bi ton l
= 2,858,856 .
3!
4.3. Cn chia 18 hc sinh ca mt lp thnh ba t
1,2,3 khc nhau, mi t c 6 hc sinh tham gia lm
v sinh trng 3 a im khc nhau. Hi c bao
nhiu cch chia ?
Gii
Nhm 1, chn 6 hc sinh t 18, c C186 cch chn.
Nhm 2, chn 6 hc sinh t 12, c C126 cch chn.
Nhm 3, l 6 hc sinh cn li, c 1 cch chn.
Theo qui tc nhn ta c C186 . C126 .1 cch chn

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4.4. C bao nhiu s t nhin c ng 6 ch s trong

s 9 xut hin ng 2 ln, cc s khc xut hin
ng 1 ln.
Gii
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7

Hng dn gii: Bi tp Hon v - Chnh hp T hp

10/2012
a) Mi nc u c i biu ?
b) Khng c nc no c hn hai i biu ?
Gii:
a)* Trng hp 1:
Mt nc c 3 i biu v cc nc kia mi nc c
mt i biu.
Trong 4 nc, chn 1 nc c c 3 i biu : c 4
cch.
Trong 4 ngi ca nc , chn ra 3 ngi, c
C43 = 4 cch.

Gi s c 6 ch s x = abcdef
s 9 xut hin ng 2 ln th
TH1: x c 5 dng sau:
99cdef ;9b9def ;9bc9ef ;9bcd 9 f ;9bcde9
4 ch s cn li trong biu thc trn c chn t 9
ch s (v b i 9) nn c A94 cch chn.
Vy c 5. A94
TH2: x c 10 dng sau:
a99def ; a9c9ef ; a9cd 9 f ; a9cde9;

.c
om

Ba nc cn li mi nc chn 1 trong 4 ngi c 43

cch.

ab99ef ; ab9d 9 f ; ab9de9

abc99 f ; abc9e9

Vy c : 4.C43 .43 = 45 cch chn.

Khi a c 8 cch chn (v b 0 v 9).

3 ch cn li c chn t 8 ch s (v b i s 9,
s a) nn c A83 cch chn.
Theo qui tc nhn ta c: 8. A83 cch chn

* Trng hp 2:
C hai nc mi nc c 2 i biu v hai nc kia
mi nc c 1 i biu.
Trong 4 nc, chn 2 nc mi nc c
chn 2 i biu, c C42 = 6 cch. Chn 2 trong 4

eu

abcd 99

ngi ca mi nc , c C42 = 6 cch. Suy ra hai

Do c 10 trng hp, nn ta c 10. 8. A83 s.

nc c 62 cch chn i biu.

Hai nc cn li, chn 1 trong 4 ngi, c 4 cch.
Suy ra hai nc cn li c 42 cch chn i biu.
Vy c : 6342 cch.
Tm li, s cch chn tha yu cu e
45 + 6342 = 4480 cch.
b) TH1: C 3 nc, mi nc c 2 i biu.
Chn 3 trong 4 nc mi nc c ng 2 i
biu c C43 = 4 cch chn.

hi

Theo qui tc cng ta c: 5. A94 +10. 8. A83 =42 000

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v

4.5. C 5 bu thip khc nhau, 6 b th khc nhau.

Cn chn 3 bu thip, b vo 3 b th, mi b mt bu
thip v gi cho 3 ngi bn mi bn mt bu thip.
Hi c my cch ?
Gii
Cch 1:

Chn 3 bu thip t 5 ta c C53 cch chn.

Chn 3 b th t 6 b th ta c C63 cch chn.

Ghp 3 bu thip vi 3 b th ta c 3! cch.

Trao 3 b th (c c bu thip bn trong) cho 3 ngi
ta c 3! cch.
Theo qui tc nhn ta c: C53 .C63 .3!.3! = 7200 cch.
Cch 2:
Chn 3 bu thip khc nhau t 5 ta c A53 .
Chn 3 b th khc nhau t 6 ta c A63 .
Theo qui tc nhn ta c A53 . A63 =7200 cch.
4.6. C 16 nh Ton hc, trong c 4 ngi Vit, 4
ngi Nht, 4 ngi M v 4 ngi Php. Cn chn 6
ngi i d hi ngh Ton hc quc t. Hi c my
cch chn sao cho :

Chn 2 trong 4 ngi ca mi nc c C42 = 6 . Do

3 nc s c 63 cch chn.
Vy c 4. 63 cch chn.
TH2: C 2 nc mi nc c 2 i biu v 2 nc
cn li, mi nc c ng 1 i biu.
Theo trng hp 2 cu a ta c 6342 cch chn.
Vy cch chn tha yu cu l 4. 63 + 6342=4320

Mi kh khn ch l mt th thch
Mi th thch l mt c hi

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