REGULATION SLOPE

BRIEF INTRODUCTION :
STATIC VAR COMPENSTORS(SVC or STATCOM)

The primary objective of applying a static compensator (SVC or STATCOM) in a power system is to increase the power transmission capability . Since static compensators cannot generate or absorb real power ,the power transmission of the system is affected indirectly by VOLTAGE CONTROL i.e. the reactive output power (Capacitive or Inductive) of the compensator is varied to control the voltage at given terminals of the transmission network so as to maintain the desired power flow.

Perfect Regulation or Flat characteristics implies Poorly defined operating point SVC overload limits are hit frequently for minor variation in operating voltage Uneconomical load sharing when more devices are sharing load in parallel Load Line 3 Load Line 1 Load Line 2 Vsvc E2

VRef

E1 Bcmax BLmax

Icmax Icr

Ic

IL

ILr ILmax

REGULATION SLOPE
In many applications ,the static compensator is not used as a perfect terminal voltage regulator ,but rather the terminal voltage is allowed to vary in proportion with the compensating current. There are several reasons for this
1. The linear operating range of a compensator with a given maximum capacitive and inductive ratings can be extended if a regulation droop is allowed . Perfect regulation (zero droop or slope)could result in poorly operating point, and a tendency of oscillation. A regulation droop or slope enables automatic load sharing between static compensator as well as other voltage regulating devices.

2.
3.

Extended linear control range with Slope Regulation(K0)

Vcmax

K=

VLmax ILmax

Load Line 3

Vsvc E2 VRef
y x

Icmax

Load Line 1
Load Line 2
Vcmax

VLmax

E1 Bcmax

BLmax

Icmax

Icr I c

IL

ILr

ILmax

Even for a range of E2 to E1, the SVC current range is reduced

With Regulation Slope(K=0)

Overload operation can be reserved for system disturbance conditions calling for wider voltage range (E4 to E3) at the SVC bus.

LOAD SHARING WITH DROOP REGULATION

a. Two parallel connected SVCs at bus b.Without droop two units operating at overload, countering each other to maintain the same Vref c. With droop both units are well within their max limits, and are allowed to have different Vref levels