-7-

1 3
.
1. (n, , m)
3px ;
. (3,0,0)
. (3,2,1)
. (3,1,1)
. (4,1,1).
2. pH :
. CH3COOH
. NH4C
. NaC
. CH3COONa.
3. Brnsted-Lowry :
2
. SO4
+
. NH 4
. Na +
. HCOO

4. , <>
<> .
. CH3O Brnsted-Lowry.
. 25 oC, NH4C p
NaC.
. , Ka
.
. HC 108 25C p=8.

1. 6C 1H.
.
, .
. CH4 Lewis.
. CH4,
.
2. : Ka(CH3COOH)=10-5, Kb(NH3)=10-5 Kw=10-14
. :
CH3COOH(aq) + NH3(aq) CH3COO(aq) + NH4+(aq)
.
. CH3COONH4 , ,
.
. 25C.



-8-

1 3
.
1. ;
. HF
. HC
. HBr
. HI
2. KOH p=12 . p
:
. 6.
. 2.
. 10.
. 13.
3. :
. sp2 sp2 pp .
. sp2 sp3 pp .
. sp sp pp .
. sp3 sp3 pp .
4. , <>
<> .
. p H2SO4 0,1 1.
. ()
, .
. Kw, .
. Ka HA Ka' H =25oC,
HA H.

1. 20Ca , 26Fe , 16S.
. ( ).
.
.
2. NH3 H2O
.
. NH3 , ;
. .
3. + C
(r).
. r.
. C.
. (, ) , C .
: =8.
. Lewis KCO3.