4

 4: -

:
.
(record based
models)

(object based
models)

 4: -

o- ( )

(entities) (atributes) (relationships)
.
,
(schema)
.
P. Chen (1976)

.
3

 4: -

Dr. Peter Chen's original paper on the EntityRelationship model (ER model) is one of the
most cited papers in the computer software field.
Recently, Prof. Peter Chen was honored by the
selection of his original ER model paper as one
of the 38 most influential papers in Computer
Science according to a survey of 1,000 computer science college
professors (Table of Contents, Great Papers in Computer Science,
edited by P. Laplante, West Publishing, 1996). Based on one
particular citation database, Chen's paper is the 35th most cited
article in Computer Science. It is the 4th most downloaded paper
from the ACM Digital Library in January 2005 (Communications
of ACM, March 2005).
4

 4: -

 4: -

 4: -

: , ,
,
.
:
.
: ,

.
:
,
.
7

 4: -

(ER diagrams).


, , ,
.

 4: -

 4: -

: , ,
, .

,
,
,


.

10

 4: -

-
: , , ,
, _, _,
.
: -,
, ,
, , , .

11

 4: -

:
(single- , multi-valued),
(simple, composite),
(null),
(derived).

12

 4: -

13

 4: -

(key):
.
(simple, composite)
(primary, secondary)
(candidate, alternative)

14

 4: -

(relationship set)
.
(degree)
( ,
)

15

 4: -

(cardinality ratio)
:
(1:1),
(1:),
(:1),
(:).

16

 4: -

17

 4: -

(role)
.

. ,
:
.
(recursive)
.
,


.
18

 4: -

19

 4: -

.
1: :.

20

 4: -

(participation)

( )
.
:

R.
:
R.

21

 4: -

( ).

22

 4: -

( ).

23

 4: -

24

 4: -

A
B,
(existentially dependent)
B. B ,
A:
(dominant)
(subordinate) .
. _ .

,
.
25

 4: -

(weak) ,
.
. _
, , .
.
: (identifying) .
(discriminator) (partial)
,

26

 4: -

:
,
,
.

,
.

27

 4: -

28

 4: -

/ (specialization/geralization).
()
(), .
ISA.
.
(inheritance) .


ISA.
29

 4: -

(overlapping):

.
(completeness)
(covering):
.

30

 4: -

31

 4: -

32

 4: -

(aggregation).
.

33

 4: -

.
.
. .
.

1:1, 1:, :1, :.

.
.

( , -,
34
).