hoa vng

B Y T M sinh vin: 1001158 TRNG I HC DC bnh Nguyn liu iu trH NI

T 4. Lp A1K65

H v tn: Chu Thanh Hng

tim mch

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MC LC

1. T VN Hin nay trn ton th gii c trn 1 t ngi b bnh tim mch v con s ny ngy cng tng ln. Bnh tim mch tr thnh nguyn nhn gy t vong hng u ti cc nc pht trin cng nh ang pht trin. Theo bo co ca T Chc Y T Th Gii nm 2004, trong tng s cc ca t vong trn ton cu th c n 30% l t vong do bnh tim mch, y l mt s liu lm kinh ngc mi ngi. Bnh tim mch l nguyn nhn gy t vong hng u trn ton th gii. Cn bnh ny honh hnh cc nc pht trin cng nh cc nc chm pht trin. Trc y, bnh tim mch l bnh ca ngi la tui trung nin v ngi gi, nhng hin nay bnh tim mch tn cng c nhng ngi tr tui v tr thnh mt xu hng ngy cng pht trin trn ton th gii. Vn ng lo ngi l, trn thc t, nhiu bnh nhn trong s cha tng c tm sot bnh bi h thng chm sc sc khe. Thm ch mt s bnh nhn cn khng bit h ang b mc bnh v khng c iu tr bng bt c liu php no. T l ny chim khong 53,2%. Ti VN, theo s liu thng k ca Vin tim mch VN, t l mc cc bnh l tim mch v t qu ngy cng tng v ang mc ng bo ng. Chng hn khu vc min Bc, nu nh nm 1960 ch c 2% ngi trn 25 tui b bnh tng huyt p th n nm 2003, t l ny tng ln 8 ln, vi mc 16,3%. c bit ring khu vc ni thnh H Ni, t l ngi trn 25 tui b tng huyt p ln ti 23,3%, ngha l trong s 100 ngi trn

25 tui sng ni thnh H Ni th c ti 23 ngi b tng huyt p! iu tr cc bnh tim mch nn bt u t vic thay i li sng thng qua vic n king, luyn tp th dc th thao v thay i cc nguy c tim mch khc nh ung ru v ht thuc l. Sau kt hp liu php ny vi vic dng thuc v l gii php lu di i vi tin trin ca bnh. Mt trong nhng thuc ang c s dng nhiu nht hin nay c thnh phn ha hc l cc glycoside tim. Glycoside tim l nhng glycoside steroid c tc dng t bit ln tim. liu iu tr c tc dng cng tim, lm chm v iu ha nhp tim. Cc tc dng trn c gi l tc dng theo quy tc 3R ca Potair (Renforcer = lm mnh, Ralentir = lm chm, Regulariser = iu ha). Nu qu liu s gy nn llafm chy nc mt, m mt, tiu chy, yu cc c, lon nhp tim, nh tht phn ly, ngoi tm thu, gim sc co bp ca tim v cui cng lm ngng tim thi k tm thu trn tim ch v tm trng trn tim ng vt mu nng. Mt trong nhng ngun nguyn liu c cha glycoside tim dng lm thuc iu tr bnh tim mch , ang c khai thc v s dng nc ta l cy Sng d hoa vng Strophanthus divarocatus. Trong chuyn lun ny, chng ta s cng tm hiu v thnh phn ha hc, tnh cht v tc dung, cng dng ca Sng d ny. 2.TNG QUAN V DC LIU 2.1 Phn loi khoa hc Sng d hoa vng, cn gi l cy sng tru, dng gic nu, dng gic o, hoa c mao hoa t, cy sng b.
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Tn khoa hc Strophanthus divaricatus (Loureiro) Hooker et Arn thuc h Trc o Apocynaceae, chi Strophanthus. Trn th gii, chi Strophanthus c khong 40 loi. y l loi cy nh c nhiu cnh hoc dy leo to. Trng hoa hnh phu, pha trn x thnh 5 thy. c bit nh ca mi thy ko di thnh di hp v xon, do c tn Strophanthus

2.2 c im thc vt, phn b 2.2.1 c im thc vt

Cy nh cao khong 3 m, c nha m trng. Cnh non vung, gy, mu nu lc nht, cnh gi hnh tr nu en nht c kha dc, c nhiu m b khng trng ni ln L mc i, hnh trng di 5 9 cm, rng 2,5 5 cm, gn l gm 6 8 i khng ni r c hai mt. Cung l di 3 8 mm, gy, mt trn c lng mng Cm hoa hnh xim u cnh, mang 1 3 hoa to, cung hoa di 1 1,5 cm gn i c mt i l bc mc i. i

hoa mu xanh hay vng xanh. Trng hoa c mu vng hnh phu rng, bn trn chia lm 5 thy c phn ph rt di (n 10 cm), c bit pha trn ca cnh trng hp li thnh hnh si. Bu h, 2 .
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Qu kh gm 2 i dnh vo nhau, mi i di 10 15 cm, rng 3 cm, nh tht nh li, v dy cng. Ht c cn mang lng di v mn Phn b: Cy ny kh ph bin, gp cc vng i trung du min Bc nc ta. C mc nam Trung Quc.

2.2.2 Phn b
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Mc ph bin Vit Nam, nhiu nht H Tnh, Ngh An, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Tha Thin, cn thy mc Ha Bnh, H Ty, Ninh Bnh v nhiu ni khc. Cn thy mc min nam Trung Quc ti cc tnh Qung ng, Qung Ty, Phc Kin, o Hi Nam.

2.3 B phn dng

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Ht. Thu hi qu vo thng 11 - 12. Ly ht, b chm lng. Phi hoc sy kh (Semen Strophanthi divaricati)..
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Thnh phn ha hc

Cht bo: 37% Glycosid tim: 9 16%. Nhng cardenolid c bit n: + Divaricosid = Sarmentogenin + L-oleandrose: chim 1%

+ Divostrosid = Sarmentogenin + L-diginose: chim 0,4%

+ -caudosid = Sarmutogennin + L-oleandrose: chim 0,22%

+ -caudostrosid = Sarmutogenin + D-sarmentose: chim 0,02% + Sinosid = Sinogenin + L-oleandrose: chim 0,5%

+ Sinostrosid = Sinogenin + L-diginose: chim 0,08%

+ Sarmutosid = Sarmutogenin + D-sarmentose: chim 0,02%

Cn ch trong qu trnh phn lp cc glycosid, nu dung sc k ct vi cht hp ph oxyd nhm th sinosid c th chuyn thnh caudosid v sinostrosid thnh caudostrosid. Nm 1963, t ht sng d hoa vng mc Vit Nam chit c mt bt kt tinh trng gm 3 cht, trong ch yu l divaricosid, hm hp ny c t tn D.strophanthin 2.5 Tnh cht l ha
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Trng thi: cht kt tinh Mu sc: Khng mu V: ng. tan: Tan trong nc, cn, khng tan trong benzene, ether. Nng sut quay cc (+) C ng 2-desoxy nn d b thy phn khi un vi acid v c 0,05N trong methanol 30 pht. D b thy phn bi cc enzyme. Vng lacton 5 cnh d b m bi tc dng ca kim to thnh dn cht iso khng c tc dng.

2.6 Tc dng dc l

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Nm 1944, Ng Ban nghin cu tc dng dc l ca cht sapogenin trong ht sng d Trung Quc i n kt lun rng cht ny c tc dng lm co bp tim mch, i vi huyt p v mch mu vi liu khng c hu nh khng thy tc dng, nhng vi liu mnh, c (2/3 liu ti thiu gy c) th thy tc dng co mch v huyt p tng cao. nh lng sinh l trn ch v mo th thy tc dng bng 2/3 tc dng ca K. strophanthin, mt glycoside cha tim chit t ht Strophanthus kombe Olivier mc chu Phi. Nm 1959, ng S Hin, mt tc gi Trung Quc khc, nghin cu thm tc dng thng tiu v trn tnh ca divaricosid chit t ht sng d Trung Quc i ti kt lun n c tc dng li tiu r rt trn ch (th nghim cp din) v trn chut (th nghim trng din). Sau khi tim thuc t na gi n 2 gi th lng nc tiu tng ln ti a, so vi nhng con vt khng tim thuc th tng ln gp 4,7 ln. So snh vi tc dng li tiu ca K. strophanthin th thy sau khi tim K. strophanthin vo 1 n 3 gi th lng nc tiu tng ln ti a v gp 4,4 ln so vi lng nc tiu ca nhng con vt khng tim thuc. V tc dng trn tnh, tc gi tim vi liu 5 - 8,7mg/kg th trng chut thy hi trn tnh ng thi tim p chm; vi liu 11,5 20mg/kg th trng th tc dng trn tnh r rng nhng tim cng p chm r rt; vi liu 15,2 20mg/kg th trng th c hin tng ng c.

Hn hp glycoside chit c c hiu qu iu tr

suy tim tng t K. strophanthin v hot lc xp x bng 2/3 K. strophanthin.

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Nm 1963, on Th Nhu (vin Dc liu) nghin cu tc dng dc l ca dung dch glycosid ton phn ca ht mt loi sng d mc H Tnh trn tim ch ti ch, trn tim ch c lp theo phng php Straub, trn tim th c lp v trn huyt p ng mch mo v th i ti mt s kt lun sau y: + Dung dch glycosid ton phn c tc dng lm tng rt mnh sc co bp ca tim v tng trng lc c tim. + Lm chm nhp tim nhng nh hng n nhp tim tng i t. + Khi tim tnh mch tc dng xut hin nhanh, khng c giai on ch i nh vi digitalin. + t nh hng i vi huyt p, ch lm tng huyt p r rt vi liu c. + Vi liu c, gy ngng tim trng thi co tht tm thu. Nm 1967, Vit Dc liu Vit Nam nghin cu tc dng dc l ca D. strophanthin v kt lun rng tc dng ca D. strophanthin c bn ging G. strophanthin v c hot lc sinh vt xp x bng 2/3 G. strophanthin. 2.7 Cng dng Ht ca cy sng d c th dng ch thuc cha bnh tim thay nhng loi thuc tng t ch bng cc ht Strophanthus khc trc y phi nhp t nc ngoi thuc chu Phi: thuc h tr tim cp tc, dng trong trng hp suy tim cp tnh, ph phi cp, mahcj nhanh tng cn, thiu nng tam tht tri, au tht tim Trc kia dng ht ny ch tn thuc c dng trong sn bn. 4. KT LUN
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Bnh tim mch v ang l mt trong nhng bnh chim t l t con cao nht trn th gii. Bnh ang c xu hng gia tng v tr ha. trnh nguy c t vong cao v bnh tim mch, chng ta cn phi c li sng thch hp v kt hp iu tr thuc khi mc bnh. Vi thnh phn ha hc c bn l glycoside tim, hin loi Sng d hoa vng ang c khai thc v s dng Vit Nam thay th cho cc loi Strophanthus khc phi nhp t chu Phi trong vic h tr tim cp tc, do h gi thnh thuc m hot tnh vn khng thay i Ngoi loi Sng d hoa vng c gii thiu trong chuyn lun ny, hin nay nc ta cn loi Sng d hoa Strophanthus caudatus (Burm. f.) Kurz. var. giganteus Pit. c th dng lm thuc. Tuy hin loi ny vn ang trong qu trnh nghin cu, cha a vo khai thc v s dng.

Ti liu tham kho

1. 2.

Tt Li - Nhng cy thuc v v thuc Vit Nam B Y T, Dc liu hc tp I, nh xut bn Y hc

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