Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung

Trang 1
BI 1
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz, viet phng trnh mat phang (P) cha ng thang (d) :
x y 2 0
2x z 6 0
=

sao cho giao tuyen cua ma t phang (P) va mat cau (S) :
2 2 2
x y z 2x 2y 2z 1 0 + + + + = la ng tron co ban knh r = 1.
Cau 2:
Cho lang tru ABC.A'B'C' co cac mat ben eu la hnh vuong canh a. Goi D, F lan
lt la trung iem cac canh BC, C'B'. Tnh khoang cach gia hai ng thang A'B
va B'C'.
GII
Cau 1:
Mat phang (P) cha (d) co dang: m(x y 2) + n(2x z 6) = 0
(P) : (m 2n)x my nz 2m 6n 0 + =
Mat cau (S) co tam I(-1; 1; -1), ban knh R = 2.
(P) cat (S) theo mot ng tron giao tiep (C) co ban knh r = 1

2 2
d(I; P) R r 3 = =

2 2 2
m 2n m n 2m 6n
3
(m 2n) m n
+
=
+ + +

2 2
4m 7n 3. 2m 5n 4m.n = + +

2 2
5m 22m.n 17n 0 + + =
Cho
2
17
n 1 5m 22m 17 0 m 1 hay m
5
= + + = = =
Vay, co 2 mat phang (P):
1
2
(P ) : x y z 4 0
(P ) : 7x 17y 5z 4 0
+ =

+ =

Cau 2:
. Cach 1:
V cac ma t ben cua lang tru la cac hnh vuong

/ / / / / /
AB BC CA A B BC C A a = = = = = =
cac tam giac ABC, A
/
B
/
C
/
la cac tam giac eu.
Ta co:
/ / / / /
BC // BC BC //(A BC)

/ / / / / / /
d(A B; BC ) d(BC ; (A BC)) d(F; (A BC)) = =
Ta co:
/
/ / /
BC FD
BC (A BC)
BC A D ( A BC can tai A )

Dng
/
FH A D
V
/ /
BC (A BC) BC FH H (A BC)
AA
/
FD vuong co:
2 / 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 4 1 7 a 21
FH .
7 FH A F FD 3a a 3a
= + = + = =
A
/

B
/

C
/

C
B
A
H
F
D
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 2
Vay,
/ / /
a 21
d(A B; B C ) FH
7
= =
Cach 2:
V cac ma t ben cua lang tru la cac hnh vuong
AABC, AA
/
B
/
C
/
la cac tam giac eu canh a.
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),

/
/ /
a a 3 a a 3
B ; ; 0 , C ; ; 0 , A (0; 0; a),
2 2 2 2
a a 3 a a 3
B ; ; a , C ; ; a
2 2 2 2
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

Ta co:
/ / / / /
BC // BC, BC // (A BC)

/ / / / / / / /
d(BC ; A B) d(BC ; (A BC)) d(B ; (A BC)) = =

/ /
a a 3 a a 3
A B ; ; a , A C ; ; a
2 2 2 2
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .



2
/ / 2 2 2
a 3 3
[A B; A C] 0; a ; a 0; 1; a .n,
2 2
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .


vi
3
n 0; 1;
2
| |
=
|
\ .

Phng trnh mp (A
/
BC) qua A
/
vi phap vect n

:
3
0(x 0) 1(y 0) (z a) 0
2
+ + =

/
3 a 3
(A BC) : y z 0
2 2
+ =

/ /
a 3 3 a 3
a 3
.a
a 21
2 2 2
2
d(B (A BC)) .
7 3 7
1
4 2
+
= = =
+

Vay,
/ / /
a 21
d(A B; B C ) .
7
=

BI 2


Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho A(0; 1; 0), B(2; 2; 2), C(-2; 3; 1) va ng thang
(A) :
x 1 y 2 z 3
2 1 2
+
= =

1. Tm iem M thuoc (A) e the tch t dien MABC bang 3.
2. Tm iem N thuoc (A) e the tch tam giac ABN nho nhat.

A
/

C
/

B
/

A
B
C
D
x
a
z
y
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 3
Cau 2: (1,0 iem)
Cho hnh chop S.ABC ay ABC la tam gia c eu canh a. SA = SB = SC, khoang
cach t S en mat phang (ABC) la h. Tnh h theo a e hai mat phang (SAB) va
(SAC) vuong goc nhau.
GII
Cau 1:
1. Phng trnh tham so cua (D):
x 1 2t
y 2 t
z 3 2t
= +

= +

M ( ) M(1 2t; 2 t; 3 2t) e A + +
AB (2; 1; 2), AC ( 2; 2;1) = =


[AB; AC] ( 3; 6; 6) 3(1; 2; 2) 3.n = = =


, vi n (1; 2; 2) =

Phng trnh mp (ABC) qua A vi phap vect
n

: (ABC): x + 2y 2z 2 = 0.

2 2 2
ABC
1 1 9
S [AB; AC] ( 3) ( 6) 6 .
2 2 2
= = + + =


ng cao MH cua t dien MABC la khoang t M en (ABC):

1 2t 2( 2 t) 2(3 2t) 2 4t 11
MH d(M(ABC))
3 1 4 4
+ + +
= = =
+ +

The tch t dien MABC bang 3
4t 11
1 9
V . . 3
3 2 3
+
= =

5 17
4t 11 6 t hay t .
4 4
+ = = =
Vay, co 2 iem M can tm la:
3 3 1 15 9 11
M ; ; hay M ; ;
2 4 2 2 4 2
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

2. N ( ) N(1 2t; 2 t; 3 2t) e A + +

2 2
ABN
1 1 2 3 2
S [NA; NB] 32t 128t 146 (4t 8) 9
2 2 2 2
= = + + = + + >



ABN
3 2
maxS 4t 8 0 t 2.
2
= + = =
Vay, iem N can tm la N(-3; 0; 1).
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi O la tam cua AABC
Ta co:
SA SB SC
OA OB OC ( ABC eu)
= =

= = A

SO la truc cua ng tron (ABC)
SO (ABC)
Ma : AO BC; SO BC BC (SOA) BC SA
S
I
A
O
B
M
C
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 4
Dng BI SA , suy ra: SA (IBC) SA IC.

BIC la goc phang nh dien (B, SA, C).

ASOA vuong co:
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
a 3h a 3h a
SA SO OA h SA
3 3 3
+ +
= + = + = =
Goi M la trung iem BC
Ta co: BM (SOA), BI SA
IM SA (nh ly 3 ng vuong goc)
MIA SOA A A

2 2 2 2
AM a 3 3 3ah
MI SO. h. .
SA 2
3h a 2 3h a
= = =
+ +

SAB SAC(c.c.c) IB IC IBC A = A = A can tai I.
(SAB) (SAC) IBC A vuong can tai I
1
IM BC
2
=

2 2
2 2
2 2 2
3ah 1
a 3h 3h a
2
2 3h a
a 6
9h 3h a h .
6
= = +
+
= + =

Vay,
a 6
h .
6
=
Cach 2:
Goi H la tam cua AABC
va M la trung iem cua BC
Ta co:
SA SB SC
HA HB HC ( ABC eu)
= =

= = A

Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc A(0; 0; 0),
a a 3 a a 3 a 3 a 3
B ; ; 0 , C ; ; 0 , H 0; ; 0 , S 0; ; h
2 2 2 2 2 3
| | | | | | | |

| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
.

a 3 a a 3 a a 3
SA 0; ; h , SB ; ; h , SC ; ; h
3 2 6 2 6
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .



2
1
ah 3 ah a 3 a a
[SA; SB] ; ; (3h 3; 3h; a 3) .n ,
2 2 6 6 6
| |
= = =
|
\ .



vi
1
n (3h 3; 3h; a 3) =

2
2
ah 3 ah a 3 a a
[SA; SC] ; ; (3h 3; 3h; a 3) .n ,
2 2 6 6 6
| |
= = =
|
\ .



vi
2
n (3h 3; 3h; a 3) =

.
Mat phang (SAB) co cap vect ch phng SA; SB

nen co phap vect
1
n

.
S
z
A
z
H
B
M y
C
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 5
Mat phang (SAC) co cap vect ch phng SA; SC

nen co phap vect
2
n

.

1 2
(SAB) (SAC) cos(n ; n ) 0 =




2 2 2
2 2
3h 3.3h 3 3h.3h a 3( a 3) 0 27h 9h 3a 0
a 6
18h 3a h .
6
+ = =
= =

Vay:
a 6
h .
6
=


BI 3

Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho ng thang (d) va mat cau (S):

2 2 2
2x 2y z 1 0
(d) : ; (S) :x y z 4x 6y m 0
x 2y 2z 4 0
+ =
+ + + + =

+ =

Tm m e (d) cat (S) tai hai iem M, N sao cho MN = 8.
Cau 2:
Cho t dien OABC co ay la AOBC vuong tai O, OB = a, OC = a 3, (a 0) > va
ng cao OA a 3 = . Goi M la trung iem canh BC. Tnh khoang cach gia hai
ng thang AB va OM.

GII

Cau 1:
Mat cau (S):
2 2 2
(x 2) (y 3) z 13 m + + = co tam
I(-2; 3; 0), ban knh R IN 13 m = = , vi m < 13.
Dng IH MN MH HN 4 = =

2 2
IH IN HN 13 m 16 m 3 = = = , vi m < -3.
Phng trnh tham so cua ng thang (d):
x t
1
y 1 t
2
z 1 t
=

= +

= +

(d) co vect ch phng
1 1
u 1; ; 1 (2; 1; 2)
2 2
| |
= =
|
\ .

va i qua iem A(0; 1; -1)

H
N M
I
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 6
AI ( 2; 2; 1); [AI; u] (3; 6; 6) = =


Khoang cach h t I en ng thang (d):
2 2 2
2 2 2
[AI; u]
3 6 6 81
h 3.
u 9
2 1 2
+ +
= = = =
+ +

Ta co: IH = h
m 3 3 m 3 9 = = m 12 = (thoa ieu kien)
Vay, gia tr can tm: m = -12.
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi N la iem oi xng cua C qua O.
Ta co: OM // BN (tnh chat ng trung bnh)
OM // (ABN)
d(OM; AB) = d(OM; (ABN)) = d(O; (ABN)).
Dng OK BN, OH AK (K BN; H AK) e e
Ta co: AO (OBC); OK BN AK BN
BN OK; BN AK BN (AOK) BN OH
OH AK; OH BN OH (ABN) d(O; (ABN) OH =
T cac tam giac vuong OAK; ONB co:

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 a 15
OH
5 OH OA OK OA OB ON 3a a 3a 3a
= + = + + = + + = =
Vay,
a 15
d(OM; AB) OH .
5
= =
Cach 2:
Dng he truc Oxyz, vi Ox, Oy, Oz
oi mot vuong goc O(0; 0; 0),
A(0; 0; a 3); B(a; 0; 0), C(0; a 3; 0),
a a 3
M ; ; 0
2 2
| |
|
\ .
va
a 3 a 3
N 0; ;
2 2
| |
|
\ .

la trung iem cua AC.
MN la ng trung bnh cua AABC
AB // MN
AB // (OMN) d(AB; OM) = d(AB; (OMN)) = d(B; (OMN)).

a a 3 a 3 a 3
OM ; ; 0 , ON 0; ;
2 2 2 2
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .



( )
2 2 2 2 2
3a a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3
[OM; ON] ; ; 3; 1; 1 n
4 4 4 4 4
| |
= = =
|
\ .


, vi n ( 3; 1; 1) =

z
A
a 3
a 3
y
C
N
O
M
a
x
B
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 7
Phng trnh mp (OMN) qua O vi phap vect n : 3x y z 0 + + =

Ta co:
3.a 0 0
a 3 a 15
d(B; (OMN))
5 3 1 1 5
+ +
= = =
+ +

Vay,
a 15
d(AB; OM) .
5
=
BI 4

Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho mat phang (o) : 2x y + z 5 = 0. Viet phng trnh mat
phang (P) qua giao tuyen cua (o) va mat phang (xOy) va (P) tao vi 3 mat phang
toa o mot t dien co the tch bang
36
125
.
Cau 2:
Cho hnh chop SABC co ay la tam giac ABC vuong can tai A, AB = AC = a
(a > 0), hnh chieu cua S tren ay trung vi trong tam G cua AABC. at SG = x
(x > 0). Xac nh gia tr cua x e goc phang nh dien (B, SA, C) bang 60
o
.

GII
Cau 1:
Phng trnh mat phang (xOy): z = 0
Phng trnh mat phang (P) thuoc chum xac nh bi (o) va (xOy) co dang:
m(2x y + z 5) nz = 0 (P) : 2mx my (m n)z 5m 0 + + =
Giao iem A, B, C cua (P) va 3 truc Ox, Oy, Oz lan lt co toa o:

5 5m
A ; 0; 0 , B(0; 5; 0), C 0; 0;
2 m n
| | | |

| |
+
\ . \ .

The tch t dien OABC bang
125
36
1 1 5 5m 125
V .OA.OB.OC . .5.
6 6 2 m n 36
= = =
+


m n 3m m 1, n 2
m n 3 m
m n 3m m 1, n 4
+ = = =
+ =

+ = = =


Vay, co 2 phng trnh mat phang (P):

1
2
(P ) : 2x y 3z 5 0 (m 1; n 2)
(P ) : 2x y 3z 5 0 (m 1; n 4)
+ = = =

= = =

Cau 2:
. Cach 1:
Goi M la trung iem cua BC
AM BC (AABC vuong can)
Ta co: SG (ABC) SG BC .
G
M
C
S
I
A
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 8
Suy ra: BC (SAM)
Dng BI SA IM SA va IC SA

BIC la goc phang nh dien (B; SA; C).

SAB SAC (c.c.c) A = A
IB IC IBC = A can tai I.

1 a 2 a 2
BC a 2; AM BM MC BC ; AG
2 2 3
= = = = = =

2 2 2
2
AM a 2 1 ax 2
AIM~ AGS IM SG. x. .
AS 2
SG AG 2a
2 x
9
A A = = =
+
+


2 2
3ax 2
IM
2 9x 2a
=
+
.
Ta co:

o
BIC 60 =

o o
2 2
a 2 3.3ax 2
BIM 30 BM IM.tg30
2
2 9x 2a
= = =
+


2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
9x 2a 3x 3 9x 2a 27x
a
18x 2a 9x a x .
3
+ = + =
= = =

Vay,
a
x .
3
=
Cach 2:
BC a 2 =
Goi M la trung iem BC
a 2 a 2
AM ; AG
2 3
= =
Goi E, F lan lt la hnh chieu cua G
tren AB, AC. T giac AEGF la hnh vuong

a
AG AE 2 AE AF .
3
= = =
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0),
C(0; a; 0),
a a a a
G ; ; 0 , S ; ; x
3 3 2 2
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
.

a a 2a a a 2a
SA ; ; x , SB ; ; x , SC ; ; x
3 3 3 3 3 3
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .



2
1
a a
[SA; SB] 0; ax; a 0; x; a.n
3 3
| |
| |
= = =
| |
\ .
\ .


, vi
1
a
n 0; x;
3
| |
=
|
\ .

2
2
a a
[SA; SC] ( ax; 0; ) a x; 0; a.n ,
3 3
| |
= = =
|
\ .


vi
2
a
n x; 0;
3
| |
=
|
\ .

.
Mat phang (SAB) co cap vect ch phng SA, SB

nen co phap vect
1
n

z
x
x
y
C
B
A
E
F
G
M
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 9
Mat phang (SAC) co cap vect ch phng SA, SC

nen co phap vect
2
n

Goc phang nh dien (B; SA; C) bang 60
o
.

2
o
2 2
2 2
2 2
a a
a
0.x x.0
3 3
9
cos60
9x a
a a
0 x x 0
9
9 9
+ +
= =
+
+ + + +


2
2 2
1 a
2 9x a
=
+

2 2 2 2 2
a
9x a 2a 9x a x .
3
= = = =
Vay,
a
x .
3
=



BI 5

Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz, tm tren Ox iem A cach eu ng thang
(d) :
2
2 z
2
y
1
1 x +
= =

va mat phang (o) : 2x y 2z = 0.

Cau 2:
Cho hnh chop SABC co ay ABC la tam gia c eu co canh bang 2a 2 , SA vuong
goc vi (ABC) va SA = a. Goi E, F lan lt la trung iem cua canh AB, BC. Tnh
goc va khoang cach gia hai ng thang SE va AF.


GII

Cau 1:
Goi A(a; 0; 0) Ox e .
Khoang cach t A en mat phang (o) :
2 2 2
2a 2a
d(A; )
3
2 1 2
o = =
+ +

(A) qua
0
M (1; 0; 2) va co vect ch phng u (1; 2; 2) =

at
0 1
M M u =

Do o: d(A; A) la ng cao ve t A trong tam giac
0 1
AM M

0 1
2
0
AM M
0 1
[AM ; u]
2.S
8a 24a 36
d(A; )
M M u 3
+
A = = =

Theo gia thiet: d(A; o) = d(A; A)
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 10

2
2 2 2
2
2a
8a 24a 36
4a 8a 24a 36 4a 24a 36 0
3 3
4(a 3) 0 a 3.
+
= = + + =
= =

Vay, co mot iem A(3; 0; 0).
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi M la trung iem cua BF EM // AF


(SA; AF) (EM; AF) SEM = =
ASAE vuong tai A co:

2 2 2 2 2
SE SA AE a 2a 3a = + = + = SE a 3 =

2a 2. 3
AF a 6
2
= =

a 6
EM BM MF ; BF a 2
2
= = = =

2 2 2 2 2 2
SB SA AB a 8a 9a SB 3a = + = + = =

2 2 2 2 2 2
SF SA AF a 6a 7a SF a 7 = + = + = =
Ap dung nh ly ng trung tuyen SM trong ASBF co:

2 2 2 2
1
SB SF 2.SM BF
2
+ = +

2
2 2 2 2 2
1 15a
9a 7a 2SM .2a SM
2 2
+ = + =
Goi o la goc nhon tao bi SE va AF
Ap dung nh ly ham Cosin vao ASEM co:

2 2
2
2 2 2
3a 15a
3a
ES EM SM 2 2
2 2
cos cosSEM .
2.ES.EM 2 2 a 6
2. .a 3
2
+
+
o = = = = =

o
45 . o =
Dng AK ME; AH SK. Ta co:
a 2
AK MF
2
= = va AH (SME)
V AF// ME d(SE; AF) d(AF; (SME)) AH. = =
ASAK vuong co:
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 2 3 a 3
AH
3 AH SA AK a a a
= + = + = =
Vay,
a 3
d(SE; AF)
3
= .
Cach 2:
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
z
a
S
A
x
E
B
M
F
y
C
C
S
F
M
B
E
K
H A
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 11
B(a 2; a 6; 0), C( a 2; a 6; 0), S(0; 0; a),
a 2 a 6
E ; ; 0 ; F(0; a 6; 0)
2 2

| |
|
\ .

va
a 2
M ; a 6; 0
2
| |
|
\ .
.

a 2 a 6 a 2
SE ; ; a ; AF (a; a 6; 0), SM ; a 6; a
2 2 2
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .


Goi o la goc nhon tao bi SE va AF.ta co:

2
2 2
2 2
a 2 a 6
0. a 6. 0( a)
3a 2
2 2
cos cos(SE; AF) .
2 a 6.a 3
a 3a
0 6a 0. a
2 2
+
o = = = =
+ + + +



o
45 . o =

2 2 2 2
a 6 a 3 a 3 a 3
[SE; SM] ; 0; ( 2; 0; 1) n,
2 2 2 2
| |
= = =
|
\ .


vi n ( 2; 0; 1) =

Phng trnh mat phang (SEM) qua S vi phap vect n : 2x z a 0. + =

Khoang cach t A en (SEM):
0 0 a
a 2
d(A;SEM)
3 2 1
+
= =
+


V AF// EM AF//(SEM) d(SE; AF) d(A; SEM) =
Vay,
a 3
d(SE; AF) .
3
=

6


Cau 1:
Trong khong gian vi he toa o vuong goc Oxyz cho mat phang (P) va mat cau (S):
(P):
2 2 2 2
2x 2y z m 3m 0 ; (S) : (x 1) (y 1) (z 1) 9 + + = + + + = .
Tm m e (P) tiep xuc (S). Vi m tm c xac nh toa o tiep iem.
Cau :
Cho hnh chop S.ABC co ay ABC la tam giac vuong tai B, AB = a, BC = 2a, canh SA
vuong goc vi ay va SA = 2a. Goi M la trung iem SC. Chng minh AMAB can va
tnh dien tch AMAB theo a.
LI GII
Cau 1:
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 12

2
(P) : 2x 2y z m 3m 0 + + =

2 2 2
(S) : (x 1) (y 1) (x 1) 9 + + + = co tam I(1; -1; 1) va ban knh R = 3.
(P) tiep xuc (S) d[I, (P)] R =

2
2
2
2
2 2 2
m 3m 1 9 m 2
2.1 2.( 1) 1.1 m 3m
3 m 3m 1 9
m 5
m 3m 1 9
2 2 1

+ = = + +
= + =

=
+ = + +


Vay, (P) tiep xuc (S) khi m = -5 hay m = 2, khi o (P): 2x + 2y + z 10 = 0
ng thang (d) qua I va vuong goc vi (P) co phng trnh:

x 1 y 1 z 1
2 2 1
+
= =
Toa o tiep iem la nghiem cua he:
x 3
2x 2y z 10 0
y 1
x 1 y 1 z 1
z 2
2 2 1
=

+ + =

=
+
= =

=

Vay, toa o tiep iem M(3; 1; 2).
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Ta co: SA (ABC) SA AC.
Do o ASAC vuong tai A co AM la
trung tuyen nen
1
MA SC.
2
=
Ta lai co:
SA (ABC)
AB BC ( ABC vuong tai B)

SB BC (nh ly 3 ng vuong goc)
Do o ASBC vuong tai B co BM la trung tuyen nen
1
MB SC.
2
=
Suy ra: MA = MB AMAB can tai M.
Dng MH // SA va HK // BC (H AC; K AB) e e
v:
1
MH SA a
SA (ABC) MH (ABC)
2
BC AB HK AB 1
HK BC a
2

= =

= =

AMHK vuong tai H co:
2 2 2 2 2 2
MK MH HK a a 2a MK a 2 = + = + = =
Dien tch AMAB:
2
MAB
1 1 a 2
S .MK.AB .a 2.a
2 2 2
= = =
Cach 2:
S
M
C
H
B
K
A
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 13
AABC vuong tai B co:
2 2 2 2 2 2
AC AB BC a 4a 5a
AC a 5
= + = + =
=

Dng BH AC (H AC), e ta co:

2 2
AB a a
AH
AC a 5 5
= = =

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 5
BH AB BC 4a
= + =

2a
BH
5
=
Dng he truc toa vuong goc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az oi mot vuong goc va

2a a
A(0; 0; 0), C(0; a 5; 0), S(0; 0; 2a), B ; ; 0
5 5
| |
|
\ .

Toa o trung iem M cua SC la
a 5
M 0; ; a
2
| |
|
\ .

Ta co:
a 5 3a
MA 0; ; a MA
2 2
| |
= =
|
\ .

2a 3a 3a
MB ; ; a MB .
2 5 2 5
| |
= =
|
\ .

suy ra: MA = MB AMAB can tai M.
Ta co:
2 2
2 2
a 2a
[MA; MB] ; ; a [MA; MB] a 2
5 5
| |
= =
|
\ .


Dien tch AMAB:
2
2
MAB
1 1 a 2
S [MA; MB] .a 2 .
2 2 2
= = =


BI 7

Cau 1:
Cho hnh chop eu S.ABC, ay ABC co ca nh bang a, mat ben tao vi ay mot goc
bang
o o
(0 90 ) m < m< . Tnh the tch khoi hnh chop S.ABC va khoang cach t nh
A en mat phang (SBC).
Cau 2:
. Trong khong gian oxyz cho hai ng thang:
(d
1
) :

=
=
=
4 z
t y
t 2 x
; (d
2
) :

= + +
= +
0 12 z 3 y 4 x 4
0 3 y x

Chng minh (d
1
) va (d
2
) cheo nhau. Viet phng trnh mat cau (S) co ng knh
la oan vuong goc chung cua (d
1
) va (d
2
).

z
S
2a
M
C
y
a 5
H
B
A
K
x a
5

Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 14
GII
Cau 1:
Cach 1:
Goi H la trung iem cua BC.
Do S.ABC eu va AABC eu nen
chan ng cao nh S trung vi
giao iem ba ng cao la trc tam O
cua AABC va co ASBC can tai S.
suy ra: BC SH, BC AH, nen

SHA = m.
Ta co:
1 a 3
OH AH .
3 6
= =
SHO A vuong goc:
a 3
SO HO.tg tg
6
= m = m va
HO a 3
SH
cos 6.cos
= =
m m

The tch hnh chop S.ABC:
2 3
ABC
1 1 a 3 a 3 a tg
V .SO.S . tg .
3 3 6 4 24
m
= = m =
Dien tch ASBC:
2
SBC
1 a 3
S .SH.BC
2 12.cos
= =
m

Goi h la khoang cach t A en (SBC), ta co:

3 2
SBC
SBC
1 3.V a tg a 3 a 3
V .h.S h 3. : sin
3 S 24 12cos 2
m
= = = = m
m

Cach 2:
V S.ABC la hnh chop eu
nen chan ng cao nh S trung
vi tam O ng tron (ABC).
Goi M la trung iem cua BC. Ta co:
-
2 a 3
AO AM
3 3
= = va
a 3
OM
6
=
-

AM BC, SM BC SMA = m
- ASOM vuong co:
a 3
SO OM.tg tg
6
= m = m
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
a a 3 a a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3
B ; ; 0 ,C ; ; 0 , M 0; ; 0 , O 0; ; 0 , S 0; ; tg
2 2 2 2 2 3 3 6
| | | | | | | | | |
m
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .

The tch hnh chop:
3
ABC
1 a tg
V .SO.S
3 24
m
= =
S
A
O
B
H
C
m
C
m
M
B
x
A
z
S
O
y
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 15
Ta co:
a a 3 a 3
BS ; ; tg , BC ( a; 0; 0)
2 6 6
| |
= m =
|
\ .



2 2
a 3 a 3
[BS; BC] 0; tg ; n
6 6
| |
= m =
|
\ .


Phng trnh mat phang (SBC) qua B vi vect phap tuyen n :

2 2
a a 3 a 3 a 3
O x tg y (z 0) 0
2 6 2 6
| |
| |
m =
|
|
\ .
\ .


a 3
(SBC) : tg y z tg 0.
2
m + m =
Khoang cach d t A en (SBC):

2
a 3
a 3
tg .O O tg
tg
2
a 3
2
d sin .
1
2
tg 1
cos
m + m
m
= = = m
m+
m

Cau 2:
(d
1
) i qua iem A(0; 0; 4) va co vect ch phng 1 u (2; 1; 0) =

(d
2
) i qua iem B(3; 0; 0) va co vect ch phng 2 u (3; 3; 0) =

AB (3; 0; 4) =

1 2 1 2 AB.[u ; u ] 36 0 AB, u , u = =

khong ong phang.
Vay, (d
1
) va (d
2
) cheo nhau.
(d
2
) co phng trnh tham so:
/
/
x 3 t
y t
z 0
= +

Goi MN la ng vuong goc chung cua (d
1
) va (d
2
)

1
M (d ) M(2t; t; 4) e ,
/ /
2
N (d ) N(3 t ; t ; 0) e +

/ /
MN (3 t 2t; t t; 4) = +

Ta co:
/ /
/
1
/ /
2
MN u 2(3 t 2) (t t) 0 M(2; 1; 4)
t 1
N(2; 1; 0)
t 1
3 t 2t (t t) 0 MN u

+ + =
=



=
+ + + =



Toa o trung iem I cua MN: I(2; 1; 2), ban knh
1
R MN 2.
2
= =
Vay, phng trnh mat cau (S):
2 2 2
(x 2) (y 1) (z 2) 4. + + =




Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 16

BI 8
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz co 2 mat phang (P): 3x + 12y 3z 5 = 0,
(Q): 3x 4y + 9z + 7 = 0 va 2 ng thang:
(d
1
):
4
2 z
3
1 y
2
3 x
: ) d ( ;
3
1 z
4
3 y
2
5 x
2

=
+
=

+
=

=
+

Viet phng trnh ng thang (A) song song vi hai mat phang (P) va (Q),
va cat hai ng thang (d
1
) va (d
2
).
Cau 2:
Cho hnh lap phng ABCD . A'B'C'D' canh a. M, N lan lt la trung iem cua AB
va C'D'. Tnh khoang cach t B' en (A'MCN).

GII
Cau 1:
(P) co phap vect
/
P P n (3; 12; 3) 3(1; 4; 1) 3n , = = =

vi
/
P n (1; 4; 1) =

(Q) co phap vect Q n (3; 4; 9) =

(d
1
) co vect ch phng 1 u (2; 4; 3) =

(d
2
) co vect ch phng 2 u ( 2; 3; 4) =

Goi:
/
/
/ /
/ /
1 2
( ) (P) (Q)
(P )//(P), (Q )//(Q)
(d ) (P ), (d ) (Q )
u uA

A =

c c

Suy ra (A) la giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P
/
)
va (Q
/
), va (A) // (A
/
).
(A) co vect ch phng
/ /
P Q u [n ; n ] (32; 12; 16) 4(8; 3; 4) 4u , = = = =


vi
/
u (8; 3; 4). =

mp (P
/
) co cap vect ch phng
1 u

va
/
u

nen co phap vect:

/
/
P 1 n [u ; u ] (25; 32; 26) = =


Phng trnh mp (P
/
) cha (d
1
) i qua iem A(-5; 3; -1)
1
(d ) e vi
/
P n

la:
25(x + 5) + 32(y 3) + 26(z + 1) = 0

/
(P ) : 25x 32y 26z 55 0 + + + =
mp (Q
/
) co cap vect ch phng 2 u

va
/
u

nen co phap vect:

/
/
Q 2 n [u ; u ] (0; 24; 18) = =


Q
P
Q
/

P
/

A
u

1
u

2
u

B
d
2

d
1

A
A
/

q
n

p
n

Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 17
Phng trnh mp (Q
/
) cha (d
2
) i qua iem B(3; -1; 2)
2
(d ) e vi
/
Q n

la:
0(x 3) 24(y 1) 18(z 2) 0 + + =

/
(Q ) : 4y 3x 10 0 + =
Ta co:
/ /
( ) (P ) (Q ). A =
Vay, phng trnh ng thang (A) :
25x 32y 26z 55 0
4y 3z 10 0
+ + + =

+ =

Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Bon tam giac vuong
/ / / /
AA M, BCM, CC N, A D N bang nhau (c.g.c)

/ /
A M MC CN NA = = =
/
A MCN la hnh thoi.
Hai hnh chop B
/
A
/
MCN va B
/
.A
/
NC co chung
ng cao ve t nh B
/
va
/ /
A MCN A NC
S 2.S =
nen:
/ / / /
B .A MCN B .A NC.
V 2.V =

Ma:
/ / / / / / /
3 3
/
B .ANC C.A B N A B N B .A MCN
1 1 1 a a
V V .CC .S .a. .a.a V .
3 3 2 6 3
= = = = =
Ta co:
/
/
A MCN
1
S .A C.MN,
2
= vi
/ /
A C a 3; MN BC a 2 = = =

/
2
A MCN
a 6
S .
2
=
Goi H la hnh chieu cua B
/
tren (A
/
MCN), ta co:
/ / /
/
B .A MCN A MCN
1
V .B H.S
3
=

/ /
/
3 2
/
B .A MCN
A MCN
3.V
a a 6 a 6
B H 3. : .
S 3 2 3
= = =
Cach 2:
Chon he truc Dxyz, vi Dx, Dy, Dz
oi mot vuong goc,
A(a; 0; 0), B(a; a; 0), C(0; a; 0),
D(0; 0; 0), A
/
(a; 0; a),
B
/
(a; a; a), C
/
(0; a; a), D
/
(0; 0; a),
a a
M a; ; 0 , N 0; ; a
2 2
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .

Ta co:
/
A C ( a; a; a), MN ( a; 0; a) = =

/ 2 2 2 2
2
[A C; MN] (a ; 2a ; a ) a (1; 2; 1)
a .n vi n (1; 2; 1).
= =
= =

D
/

A
/
B
/

C
/

D
A B
C
M
N
C
a
A
/

C
/

D
A
B M
N D
/

z
a
a y
x
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 18
Phng trnh mp (A
/
MCN) qua C(0; a; 0) vi phap vect n :

1(x 0) 2(y a) 1(z 0) 0 + + =

/
(A MCN) : x 2y z 2a 0. + + =
Khoang cach d t B
/
(a; a; a) en mp(A
/
MCN):
a 2a a 2a
2a a 6
d .
3 1 4 1 6
+ +
= = =
+ +



9

Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho 2 ng thang:
(d
1
) :

+ =
+ =
=
t 2 6 z
t 4 y
t x
; va (d
2
) :

=
=
=
1 ' t z
6 ' t 3 y
' t x

Goi K la hnh chieu vuong goc cua iem I(1; -1; 1) tren (d
2
). Tm phng trnh
tham so cua ng thang qua K vuong goc vi (d
1
) va cat (d
1
).
Cau 2:
1. Tnh the tch cua hnh chop S.ABC, biet ay ABC la mot tam giac eu canh a,
mat ben (SAB) vuong goc vi ay, hai mat ben con lai cung tao vi ay goc o.


GII
Cau 1:
(d
1
) co vect ch phng 1 u (1; 1; 2) =

(d
2
) co vect ch phng 2 u (1; 3; 1) =

/ / / / / /
2
K (d ) K(t ; 3t 6; t 1) IK (t 1; 3t 5; t 2) e =

/ / / /
2
18 18 12 7
IK u t 1 9t 15 t 2 0 t K ; ;
11 11 11 11
| |
+ + = =
|
\ .


Gia s (A) cat (d
1
) tai
1
H(t; 4 t; 6 2t), (H (d )) + + e

18 56 59
HK t; t; 2t
11 11 11
| |
=
|
\ .

1
18 56 118 26
HK u t t 4t 0 t
11 11 11 11
= =



30 7 1
HK 4; ; (44; 30; 7).
11 11 11
| |
= =
|
\ .

Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 19
Vay, phng trnh tham so cua ng thang (A):
18
x 44
11
12
y 30
11
7
z 7
11

= +

.
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Dng SH AB
Ta co:
(SAB) (ABC), (SAB) (ABC) AB, SH (SAB) = c
SH (ABC) va SH la ng cao cua hnh chop.
Dng HN BC, HP AC


SN BC, SP AC SPH SNH = = o
ASHN = ASHP HN = HP.
AAHP vuong co:
o
a 3
HP HA.sin60 .
4
= =
ASHP vuong co:
a 3
SH HP.tg tg
4
= o = o
The tch hnh chop
2 3
ABC
1 1 a 3 a 3 a
S.ABC: V .SH.S . .tg . tg
3 3 4 4 16
= = o = o
Cach 2:
Dng SH AB
Ta co: (SAB) (ABC), (SAB) (ABC) B, SH (SAB) SH (ABC) = c
V (SAC) va (SBC) cung tao vi (ABC) mot goc o va AABC eu, nen suy ra
H la trung iem AB.
Dng he truc toa o Hxyz, vi Hx, Hy, Hz
oi mot vuong goc, H(0; 0; 0),
a a
A ; 0; 0 ; B ; 0; 0 ,
2 2
a 3
C 0; ; 0 , S(0; 0; h), (h 0).
2
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
| |
>
|
\ .

Phng trnh mp (ABC):
z = 0, vi phap vect 1 n (0; 0;1) =

Phng trnh mp (SAC):

x y z
1
a h a 3
+ + =
(SAC) : 2h 3x 2hy a 3z ah 3 0 + + = vi 2 n (2h 3; 2h; a 3) =

(SAC) tao vi (ABC) mot goc o:
z
h S
B
C
A
x
H
a
2

a 3
2

y
S
H
P
C
A
B
N
m
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 20
2 2 2 2 2
0 0 a 3
a 3
cos
0 0 1. 12h 4h 3a 16h 3a
+ +
o = =
+ + + + +


2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
1 16h 3a
1 tg
cos 3a
3a tg a 3
h h tg
16 4
+
= + o =
o
o
= = o

The tch hnh chop S.ABC:
2 3
ABC
1 1 a 3 a 3 a
V .h.S . tg . tg
3 3 4 4 16
= = o = o.


10

Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho 2 ng thang:
(A
1
) :
2
x 3 y 1 z 1 x 7 y 3 z 9
; ( ):
7 2 3 1 2 1

= = A = =


1. Lap phng trnh chnh tac cua ng thang (A
3
) oi xng vi (A
2
) qua (A
1
).
2. Xet mat phang (o) : x + y + z + 3 = 0. Viet phng trnh hnh chieu cua (A
2
) theo
phng (A
1
) len mat phang (o).
3. Tm iem M tren mat phang (o) e
1 2 MM MM +

at gia tr nho nhat biet M
1
(3; 1;
1) va M
2
(7; 3; 9).
Cau 2:
Cho lang tru ng ABC.A'B'C' co ay ABC la tam giac can vi AB = AC = a, goc

o
BAC 120 = , canh ben BB' = a. Goi I la trung iem CC'. Chng minh AAB'I vuong
tai A va tnh cosin cua goc gia hai mat phang (ABC) va (AB'I).


GII
Cau 1:
1.
1
1 1
1
x 3 7t
( ) : y 1 2t
z 1 3t
=

A = +

= +

co vect ch phng 1 u ( 7; 2; 3) =

2
2 2
2
x 7 7t
( ) : y 3 2t
z 9 t
= +

A = +

2
qua A (7; 3; 9), B(8; 5; 8) va
co vect ch phng u (1; 2; 1) =

Goi H la hnh chieu cua A tren (A
1
)

1 1 1 1
H ( ) H(3 7t ; 1 2t ; 1 3t ) e A + +

1 1 1
AH ( 4 7t ; 2 2t ; 8 3t ) = + +

A
A
/

B
/

B
A
2

A
1

A
3

K
1
u

H
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 21
1
1 1 1
AH u 7( 4 7t ) 2( 2 2t ) 3( 8 3t ) 0 + + + + =



1
t 0 H(3; 1; 1) =
Goi A
/
la iem oi xng cua A qua H A
/
(-1; -1; -7)
Goi K la hnh chieu cua B tren (A
1
) va B
/
la iem oi xng cua B qua K.
Tng t nh tren ta tm c:
/
114 25 22 20 105 204
K ; ; B ; ;
31 31 31 31 31 31
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .


/ /
11 74 13 1 1
A B ; ; (11; 74; 13) .a
31 31 31 31 31
| |
= = =
|
\ .

. vi a (11; 74; 13) =

Phng trnh ng thang (A
3
) oi xng vi (A
2
) qua (A
1
) chnh la phng trnh
ng thang
/ /
A B qua A
/
vi vect ch phng a

.
Vay, phng trnh chnh tac (A
3
):
x 1 y 1 z 7
11 74 13
+ + +
= =

.
2. Mat phang (|) cha (A
2
) va (|) // (A
1
)
(|) co cap vect ch phng
1 2
u ( 7; 2; 3), u (1, 2, 1) = =



1 2
[u ; u ] ( 8; 4; 16) 4(2; 1; 4) 4n ,
|
= = =

vi n (2; 1; 4)
|
=

Phng trnh mp (|) qua A(7; 3; 9)
2
( ) e A vi phap tuyen n
|

:
( ) : 2x y 4z 53 0 | + + =
Ta co:
/
2
( ) ( ) ( ) o | = A la hnh chieu cua (A
2
) len (o) theo phng (A
1
).
Vay, phng trnh hnh chieu
/
2
x y z 3 0
( ) :
2x y 4z 53 0
+ + + =

A

+ + =

3. Goi I la trung iem
1 2
MM I(5; 2; 5)
Ta co: 1 2 MM MM 2MI + =


1 2 MM MM +

nho nhat 2MI

nho nhat
M la hnh chieu cua I tren (o)
Phng trnh ng thang (A) qua I
va vuong goc vi (o) la:

x 5 t
y 2 t
z 5 t
= +

= +

= +

Goi M la giao iem cua (A) va (o)
M ( ) M(5 t; 2 t; 5 t) e A + + +
M ( ) 5 t 2 t 5 t 3 0 t 5 M(0; 3; 0) e o + + + + + + = =
Vay, iem M can tm: M(0; -3; 0).
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi H la trung iem BC AH BC.
o
M
2

u
o

M
1

I
(A)
M
0

M
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 22
AABH la na tam giac eu canh AB = a
a
AH
2
= va
a 3
BH BC a 3
2
= =

/ /
IB C A vuong co:
2 2
/ 2 / 2 / / 2 2
a 13a
IB IC B C 3a
4 4
= + = + =
AAIC vuong co:
2 2
2 2 2 2
a 5a
AI IC AC a
4 4
= + = + =
Ta co:
2 2
2 / 2 2 / 2
5a 13a
AI AB 2a IB
4 4
+ = + = =
(AB
/
la ng cheo cua hnh vuong AA
/
B
/
B canh a)
Vay, AAB
/
I vuong tai A.
Ta co:
/
2
/
AB I
1 1 a 5 a 10
S .AI.AB . .a 2
2 2 2 4
= = =

2
ABC
1 1 a a 3
S .AH.BC . .a 3
2 2 2 4
= = =
Goi o la goc gia hai mat phang (ABC) va (AB
/
I), theo cong thc chieu, ta co:

/
2 2
ABC
AB I
S a 3 a 10 30
cos :
S 4 4 10
o = = =
Cach 2:
Goi H la trung iem BC AH BC
AABH la na tam giac eu canh AB = a

a
AH
2
= va
a 3
BH BC a 3
2
= =
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),

/
/ /
a 3 a a 3 a
B ; ; 0 , C ; ; 0 , A (0; 0; a),
2 2 2 2
a 3 a a 3 a a 3 a a
B ; ; a , C ; ; a , I ; ;
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .


/
a 3 a a 3 a a
AB ; ; a , AI ; ;
2 2 2 2 2
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .


Ta co:
2 2 2
/
a 3 a 3 a a a 3a a 2a
AB .AI . . a. 0
2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
| |
= + + = + + =
|
\ .



/
AB AI.

Vay, AAB
/
I vuong tai A.
* Phng trnh mp(ABC): z = 0 co phap vect
1
n (0; 0; 1) =

A
/

B
/
C
/

A
B
C 30
o

H
I
60
o

B
/

A
/

C
/

z
a
B
C
A
H
I
y
z
Trng THPT Trng Vng ao Phu Hung
Trang 23
* mp (AB
/
I) co cap vect ch phng
/
AB , AI

, nen co phap vect:

2 2 2 2 2
/
2
a 3a 3 2a 3 a a
[AB ; AI] ; ; (1; 3 3; 2 3) .n
4 4 4 4 4
| |
= = =
|
\ .



vi
2
n (1; 3 3; 2 3) =

.
Goi o la goc gia (ABC) va (AB
/
I), ta co:

0 0 2 3
2 3 30
cos .
10 0 0 1. 1 27 12 40
+
o = = =
+ + + +








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