29/9/2009

...

(, )

&
3:

(c)

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...

20

...

-20

-40

(dB)

-60

-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
0

10

15

20

(kHz)

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: (2)

1:

(40Hz 60z) = E(4kHz 4.020kHz)

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2:

3:

(40Hz 60z) = E(4kHz 6kHz)

Fourier

Fourier (.)

f(t)

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Fourier -

f(x) = x

Fourier (.)

Fourier:

-x ( )
=2

Fourier (.)

... ...

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(2)

(3)

(4)

Fourier

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(.)

(.)

(No ADSR)

(No ADSR)

(With ADSR)

(With ADSR)

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(.)

: Helmholtz vowel synthesizer

Hermann von Helmholtz

1821-1894

: speech phy
physics

: speech phy
physics (.)

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... ...

()

Pitch ()

()

Pitch ()

(.)

Notes

Frequency (Hz)

55.00 110.00 220.00 440.00 880.00

A#

58.27 116.54 233.08 466.16 932.32

61.74 123.48 246.96 493.92 987.84

65.41 130.82 261.64 523.28 1046.56

C#

69.30 138.60 277.20 554.40 1108.80

73.42 146.84 293.68 587.36 1174.72

D#

77.78 155.56 311.12 622.24 1244.48

82.41 164.82 329.64 659.28 1318.56

87.31 174.62 349.24 698.48 1396.96

F#

92.50 185.00 370.00 740.00 1480.00

98.00 196.00 392.00 784.00 1568.00

1
D (146.84Hz)
F
146.84 * 2
NewFreq = Freq * 2

3/12

= 174.62 (Hz)

N/12

Freq
NewFreq

2
F1
(=12)
F2 = F1 * 2

N/12

= 2 * F1

Application: http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/music/note/

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(.)

A3 (low A)
A4 (middle A)
A5 (high A)

: 4

10

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Fourier

(.)

(.)

11

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1 , (Hz)
8, 16, 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000

1/3 , (Hz)
6.3, 8, 10, 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 31.5, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400,
500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 4000, 5000, 6300, 8000, 10000, 12500, 16000, 20000

12

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(spectrogram)
(spectrogram)

->

->

...

Bandstop

13

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( ...)

www.ionio.gr/~floros/

14