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Dng H Thng Mail Sever, DNS

Tng quan
Tng quan v h thng mail server, DNS H thng DNS Mail Server Nhng giao thc mail Gii thiu v h thng mail Nhng chng trnh mail v mt s khi nim Ci t th nghim h thng M hnh h thng Ci t h thng

H thng DNS
Mi my tnh trong mng mun lin lc hay trao i thng tin, d liu cho nhau cn phi bit r a ch IP ca nhau. Ban u do quy m mng ARPAnet (tin thn ca mng Internet) cn nh ch vi trm my, nn ch c mt tp tin n HOSTS.TXT lu thng tin v nh x tn my thnh a ch IP. vic dng tp tin HOSTS.TXT khng ph hp cho mng ln v thiu c ch phn tn v m rng. Do , dch v DNS ra i nhm khc phc cc nhc im ny.

H thng DNS
Dch v DNS hot ng theo m hnh Client Server. DNS l 1 CSDL phn tn. C s d liu(CSDL) ca DNS l mt cy o ngc.

Root Name Server s tr li a ch IP ca Name Server qun l min au.

H thng DNS(phn gii tn thnh IP)

Client s gi yu cu cn phn gii a ch IP ca my tnh c tn girigiri.gbrmpa.gov.au n name server cc b.

H thng DNS(phn gii IP thnh tn my)

c th phn gii tn my tnh ca mt a ch IP, trong khng gian tn min ngi ta b sung thm mt nhnh tn min m c lp ch mc theo a ch IP. Phn khng gian ny c tn min l inaddr.arpa.

V d nu a ch IP ca my einstein.matematicas.a c.edu l 149.176.12.7, khi nh x vo min in-addr.arpa s l 7.12.176.149.inaddr.arpa.

Phn loi Domain Name Server

Mi min c mt Primary Name Server qun l CSDL ca Name Server server Cachingmin. Nu nhc chcny tm ngng hot my trn nng phn gii tnng v mt l do mng xa thng qua Ngi qun tr ths t chc gii nhng no DNS vic phn tn my CSDL trn nhng tp tintnhServer ch IP C nhiu loi Domain NameServer khc.c nhng Name thnh a xem Primary ngcServer. Server chc trn Internet.cvNamevlion. nh b gin S phn loi ny ty ny nhim tcphn giigii Lm tng phn tt thuc vo nhim v Nhmchngcache.m c cc my dng s bngm s trong min cch khc phc nhc im ny, nhng nh thit k Gim bt gnh nng phn a nhn. gii ra mt Server d Name gi l tn my cho cc phng Secondary Primary Name Server (hay Slave) Name Server. Server. Gim vic lu thng trn Secondary Name Server c nhim v sao Server ln nhng mng ny lu tt Caching Name Server c nhng d liu trn Primary Name Server v khi Primary Name Server b gin on th n s m nhn vic phn gii tn my tnh thnh a ch IP v ngc li.

S y quyn
Mt trong cc mc tiu khi thit k h thng DNS l kh nng qun l phn tn thng qua c ch u quyn (delegation). Trong mt min c th t chc thnh nhiu min con, mi min con c th c u quyn cho mt t chc khc v t chc chu trch nhim duy tr thng tin trong min con ny.

MAIL SERVER

Nhng giao thc mail

SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Post Office Protocol

C hai l giaobn ca POP ctrch nhim phn l POP2, POP3. SMTP phin thc tin cy chu s dng rng ri pht mail. N POP2 mail t h thng mng ny sang h thng mng khc, chuync nh ngha trong RFC 937, POP3 c nh ngha trong RFCchuynPOP2trong h thng mng ni b. Port 110. 1725. mail s dng 109 v POP3 s dng Chng SMTP c nh ngha trong RFC kim tra tn ng Giao thc cng thc hin chc nng c bn l 821, SMTP l mt nhp tin cy, hng kt ni ( chuyn mail ca ngi dng t dch v v password ca user vconnection-oriented) c cung server ti h thng c mail cc b Protocol cp bi giao thc TCP (Transmission Control ca user. ), n s Trong khidng slnh ca POP3 hon ton khc vi tp lnh ca tp hiu cng (well-known port) 25. POP2.

Gii thiu v h thng mail

Mail Server cha mailbox ca ngi dng. Mail Server nhn mail t mail client gi n v a vo hng i gi n Mail Host. Mail Server nhn mail t Mail Host gi n v a vo mailbox ca ngi dng. Ngi dng s dng NFS (Network File System) mount th mc cha mailbox trn Mail Server c. Nu NFS khng c ni gia ngi dng phi login vo Mt mail gateway l my kt h tr thcc mng dng cc giao thc Mail Server mng khc truyn thng khc nhau hoc kt ni ccnhn th. nhau dng chung giao thc. Mt mail host l my gigin tr my ch mail ni 2 mng dng Mt mail gateway n vai nht dng kt chnh trong h thng mng. N dng nh thnh mail gateway chuyn mail gia chung giao thc hoc mailer. Khi phn trung gian chuyn mail gia cc v trdomain kt ni v cc domain vi nhau. khng ni b trc tip c bn ngoi. Mail host phn gii a ch ngi nhn chuyn gia cc mail server hoc chuyn n mail gateway.

Nhng chng trnh mail v mt s khi nim

Mailbox l mt tp tin lu tr tt c cc mail ca Mail User Agent (MUA) ngi dng. Cc mail gi i c th c chuyn i ngay hoc cng c th c chuyn vo hng Mail Transfer Agent L nhngi. trnh m ngi s (MTA) chng dng dng c, son tho v gi Mailbox mail. MTA(queue) trnh chuyn th gia cc my Mail Hub. : l chng Hng i Sendmail l mt Mail Transfer Agent(MTA) dng giao thc Alias SMTP ng vai tr l mt SMTP Server lm nhim v

nh tuyn trong vic phn th . N nhn mail t nhng Mail User Agent (MUA) v nhng MTA khc, sau chuyn mail y l nthay MTA trn my khc hay MTA trn my ca mnh. s cc th mt a ch ngi nhn bng mt hay nhiu a ch khc. a ch dng thay th c th l mt ngi nhn, mt danh sch ngi nhn, mt chng trnh, mt tp tin hay l s kt hp ca nhng loi ny.

Ci t th nghim h thng