THE CONFIGURATION OF ELECTRONS

The order of electrons inside the atomic shells

According to Bohr, electrons circle the atomic core on several lines in certain levels of energy. Those lines are then called atomic shells.

The names of atomic shells are K, L, M,N and their numbers are 1,2,3,4. The maximum amount of electrons in each shells are shown the following table:

The maximum amount of electrons in each shells are shown the following table:
Shell Shells Number s (n) The Maximum Amount of Electrons (2n2)

K L M N

1 2 3 4

2 8 18 32

The system process of filling up the electrons into the atomic shells are: 1. The process of filling up the electrons into the atomic shells started from the lowers energy level is shells K, and then L, M, N. 2. Maximum amount of electrons to an atoms skins loaded formula: 2n2. 3. Maximum amount of electrons to atoms shells outside 8.

Look at the example

Electrons configuration
Atom Electrons Amount Electrons Skins K H 1 1 Na 11 2 Cl 17 2 configuration L M 8 8 1 7

The system other:

The atoms with atomic number more than 18, out shel that is N and so on start loaded by electron although shells third (M) not yet been loaded full. Example:
Atom Electrons Amount K Ca 19 20 Elektrons Configuration 2 8 8 1 2 8 8 2

Prinsip Aaufbau
1S2 2S2 3S2 4S2 5S2 6S2 7S2

2P6 3P6 4P6 5P6 6P6 7P6

3d10 4d10 4f14 5d10 5f14 6d10

Valence Electrons
Valence electrons present the electrons amount at out shells an atom.
Optimum of valence electron is 8. Valence electron determine the characteristic of element chemistry.

Look at the example

Atoms He O Al P Cl Electrons Amount 2 8 13 15 17 K 2 2 2 2 2 L M N Valensi Electrons 2 6 3 5 7

6 8 8 8

3 5 7

EVALUATION
1. Write down the electrons configuration
of these elements! a. Lithium b. Magnecium c. Boron d. Silycon 1. Determine the valence electrons of these element! a. Ne b. F c. S d. Ar