NG DNG SPSS VO PHN TCH THNG K

I. KHI NG PHN MM. Trn mn hnh desktop ca Widows nhp vop biu t-ng Hoc m phm Start, All programs, SPSS for WIndows, SPSS 15.0 for Windows

xut hin

ca

s SPSS Data

Editor v

mt hp thoi nh-

Run the tutorial: Chy ch-ng trnh tr gip Type in data: Nhp d liu mi Run an existing query: Chy mt truy vn d liu c sn Create new query using Database Wizard: Lp mt truy vn d liu s dng Database Wizard Open an existing data source: M file d liu c sn (Ch : Hp thoi ny ch xut hin mt ln khi bn khi ng SPSS)

II. M MT FILE Nu c sn mt file d liu, bn c th m n bng la chn Open an existing data source v nhp vo More Files; Nu ang trong ca s SPSS Data Editor: T thanh menu chn File Open Data Trong hp thoi Open File, chn file m bn mun m
Nhp Open

III. NHP LIU Kch hot SPSS, chng ta thy giao din ca SPSS nh sau:

hoc:

Trong : + Variable Name: tn bin (di 8 k t v khng c k t c bit) + Type: kiu ca b m ha

+ Labels: nhn ca bin, trong phn ny chng ta c th nhp nhiu gi tr ca nhn ph hp vi thit k ca bng cu hi. Sau khi nhp xong mi tr ca m ho, nhn Add lu li cc gi tr trn. + Value: Gi tr ca tng gi tr m ha (value) tng ng vi nhn gi tr (value label) ca n. + Missing: k hiu cu tr li ng ra phi tr li nhng b b qua (li), ch l gi tr ny phi c nt c th ring bit so vi gi tr khc d dng phn bit trong qu trnh tnh ton. + Column: thit t ln ca ct mang tn bin v v tr nhp liu ca bin ny. +Measure: thang o lng. Trn c s 4 cp thang o lng (biu danh, th t, khong cch v t l), SPSS s phn ra thnh 3 thang o (biu danh (nominal), th t (ordinal) v scale (khong cch v t l). Menu ca phn mm: File: khi to file mi, ng m, lu file, in, thot Edit: undo, ct dn, chn, tm kim, thay th, xc lp cc mc nh View: Cho hin dng trng thi, thanh cng c, chn font ch, hin gi tr nhp vo hay nhn ngha ca cc gi tr nhp Data: nh ngha cc bin, thm bin, xp th t, ghp file, chia file Transform: Tnh ton, m ho li cc bin Analyze: Thc hin cc th tc thng k nh: tm tt d liu, lp bng thng k, tnh ton cc thng s thng k. Graphs: To cc biu v th Utilities: Tm hiu cc thng tin v cc bin, file Window: Sp xp cc ca s lm vic trong SPSS, di chuyn gia cc ca s. Sau khi nhp liu ta c bng s liu sau
hot ng Khoang hiu nh d liu

S ca hng

Tn bin

IV. M HO LI BIN Trong mt s trng hp, do nhu cu ca qu trnh phn tch, chng ta cn phi m ha li cc bin. C hai hnh thc m ho nh sau: - M ho dng li tn bin c: + Nhn Transform/Recode Into Same Variables

+ a bin cn m ho li vo Numeric Variable

Danh sch bin ngun

Cc nm nhn cu lnh

+ Nhn If thit t cc iu kin (nu c) + Nhn Old and New Values thay i b m ho * Trong Old Value l gi tr c, v New Value l gi tr mi cn nhp * Nu nhp gi tr mi thang im biu danh, khong cch, t l th nhp ti Value. * Nu m ho gi tr vi thang im khong cch - Nhn Range

V d: phc v cho vic phn tch, ta m ho li tui ca sinh vin theo thang im khong cch nh sau: 1 : D 20 nm 2 : T 21 n 25 nm 3 :T 26 n 30 nm 4: Trn 31 nm * Gi tr di 20 nm bm Rang Lowest throught value v nhp liu * Gi tr trn 31 nm bm Range, value throught Highest v nhp liu * C th gi nguyn gi tr khuyt hay cn thay i, nu gi nguyn cn ch l gi tr c ri vo cc trng hp m chng ta m ho khng khi nh hng n cc gi tr phn tch.

+ hon tt n Continue Ok. - M ho dng li khng dng tn bin c (lu trn bin mi): + Nhn Transform/Recode/Into Different Variables

+Tn bin mi c t Name vi cc thng s tho mn mt bin bnh thng. + Nhn ca bin c thit t ti Label, sau nhn Change lu. + Cc thng s khc c thc hin nh m ho dng li bin c.

Sau khi hon tt cc thao tc ta c kt qa nh sau:

V. PHN TCH M T (THNG K M T): Bng phn b tn sut Bng phn phi tng sut c th hin vi tt c cc bin nh tnh (ri rc) vi cc thang o biu danh, th t v cc bin nh lng (lin tc) vi thang o khong cch hoc t l. T thanh menu chn: Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies...

Hp thoi Frequencies

Chn trng cn thao tc chuyn qua phn Variable(s) ta c ca s sau

Danh sch bin ch

Danh sch bin ngun

Cc nm nhn cu lnh

Cc nm nhn hp thoi ph Nhn vo la chn cc thng s o lng (mode, median, trung bnh) Nhn vo v th cc tng sut ca bin s

Chn mt hoc mt s bin nh lng hoc nh tnh.

Mt cch tu chn, bn c th: Nhp Statistics c cc thng k m t i vi bin nh lng Nhp Charts c th thanh, th trn, v biu tn sut. Nhp Format c trt t m cc kt qu c th hin.

Cc nt trong hp thoi C 5 nt nhn tiu chun trong hu ht cc hp thoi: OK. Chy th tc. Sau khi bn chn cc bin nghin cu v chn bt k cc tu chn b sung no, nhp OK chy th tc. iu ny cng ng thi ng hp thoi li. Paste. To c php cu lnh t cc la chn trong hp thoi v dn c php vo mt ca s c php. Sau bn c tu bin cc cu lnh vi cc c tnh b sung khng c sn trong hp thoi. Reset. B chn bt k bin no trong danh sch cc bin c chn v thit lp mc nh cho mi tu chn trong hp thoi v bt k hp thoi ph no. Cancel. Xo b bt k thay i no trong thit lp hp thoi k t ln cui n c m ra v ng hp thoi li. Trong mi ln lm vic vi SPSS cc thit lp trong hp thoi l lun tn ti cho n khi bn thot khi SPSS. Mt hp thoi duy tr mi thit lp m bn chn cho n khi bn thit lp li. . Help. Nm ny cho bn ca s tr gip dng chun ca hng Microsoft bao gm cc thng tin v hp thoi hin ti. Bn cng c th nhn c cc tr gip trong cc nm iu khin ring trong tng hp thoi bng cch nhp chut phi ln n. Hp thoi ph Do hu ht cc th tc u cung cp mt s uyn chuyn ln, khng phi mi la chn u c th c bao hm ch trong mt hp thoi. Hp thoi chnh bao gm cc thng tin ti thiu i hi chy mt th tc. Cc thit lp b sung c thc hin trong cc hp thoi ph. Trong hp thoi chnh, nm nhn vi ba du chm () ng sau tn ca n ch ra rng mt hp thoi ph s c xut hin nu bn nhn chut vo n.

Kt thc cc thao tc trn ta c kt qu nh sau:

Tn s xut hin Tn sut xut hin (T l %) % tch lu

Nu kch vo nt Statistics ta c hp thoi sau : Hp thoi Frequencies Statistics

Central tendancy: o lngkhuynh hng hi t: tham strung bnh (mean), median,mode, tng (sum) Dispersion: o lng phn tn: lch chun (std.deviation), phng sai Distribution: Kim nh phnphi chun (skeness vkurtosis)

Percentile Values. Cc tr s ca mt bin nh lng chia d liu c th bc vo thnh cc nhm sao cho mt t l % c th l nm trn n v mt t l % khc nm di n. Cc s t phn v (cc phn v th 25, th 50, v th 75) chia cc quan st ra thnh 4 nhm c cng s lng quan st. Nu bn mun mt s lng cc nhm ln hn 4, hy chn Cut points for n equal groups. Bn cng c th xc nh cc s phn v ring bit (v d, phn v th 95, l tr s m nm di n l 95% s lng quan st ri vo).

Central Tendency. Cc thng k m t trung tm ca mt phn b bao gm trung bnh, trung v, mode, v tng mi tr s. Dispersion. Cc thng k o c ln ca s bin thin hoc tri rng trong d liu bao gm lch chun, phng sai, phm vi, tr s ln nht, tr s nh nht, v sai s chun ca trung bnh. Distribution. Skewness { lch} v Kurtosis { nhn} l cc thng k m t hnh dng v cn xng ca mt phn b. Cc thng k c th hin cng vi sai s chun ca chng. Value are group midpoints. Nu cc tr s trong d liu ca bn l im gia ca cc nhm (v d, tui ca mi ngi trong nhm 30 tui th c m l 35), hy chn tu chn ny c lng trung v v cc phn v cho d liu th, khng nhm gp. Frequencies Charts Hp thoi Frequencies Charts

Chart Type. Mt th trn {pie chart} th hin phn b ca cc b phn trong ton b. Tng ming ca th trn tng ng vi mt nhm c xc nh bi mt bin lp nhm. Mt th thanh {bar chart} th hin s lng/tn s ca tng tr s ring bit hoc tng nhm nh l mt thanh ring, cho php bn so snh cc nhm di dng hnh nh. Mt biu tn sut cng c cc thanh, nhng chng c v dc theo mt thang o khong bng nhau. Chiu cao ca tng thanh l s lng ca cc tr s ca mt bin nh lng ri vo trong khong. Mt biu tn sut th hin hnh dng, trung tm, v tri rng ca phn b. Mt ng cong chun t chng thm vo mt biu tn sut gip bn xt on liu chng d liu c phn b chun.

Chart Values. i vi th thanh, trc thang o c th c t nhn bi s lng (Frequencies) hoc t l% (Percentages). Thao tc vi hp thoi Frequencies Statisticies v hp thoi Frequencies Charts ta c k xut sau:

TNH CC THNG S THNG K KHI C QUYN S Bc 1: Trc ht ta chn quyn s cho cc trng cn tnh, ng ca s Data View chn Data/Weight case ca s Weight Case s xut hin, sau chn bin c lm quyn s/ Kch chut vo Weight case by a bin lm quyn s vo Frequency Variable.

Hp thoi Weight Cases xut hin:

Bc 2: Tm cc thng s thng k nh cc tin trnh trn.

VI. D ON THEO THI GIAN Xy dng hm hi quy tuyn tnh theo thi gian. thc hin mt phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh chn: Analyze> Regression> Linear nh trong hnh sau:

Lnh ny s m hp thoi hi quy tuyn tnh nh trong hnh sau

Cc bin s trong file d liu ca chng ta s xut hin trong danh sch bin ngun bn tay tri. Chng ta hy chn mt bin ph thuc a vo Dependent v mt khi gm mt hay nhiu hn mt bin c lp a vo Independent. Sau

hy nhp chut vo nt Ok SPSS thc hin phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh, mc nh s dng phng php a cc bin vo bt buc. Chng ta c th nhp chut vo cc nt bn di chn cc ni dung sau: Method: chn cc phng php khc nhau xy dng m hnh hi quy Statistics: cc thng s thng k hi quy tuyn tnh D bo hin tng theo thi gian d bo hin tng theo thi gian da vo m hnh hi quy ta thc hin nh sau D liu cn c l mt dy s thi gian, ta ch cn nhp liu phn cc gi tr trn mt bin. Phn theo thi gian ta ch nh my thc hin nh sau: T thanh menu chn Data/Define, ca s sau xut hin:

Trong hp thoi trn ta la chn loi thi gian hp l bn hp Cases Are v khai bo mc thi gian u tin trong dy s thi gian phn First Case Is. Sau khi khai bo xong ta chn OK kt thc khu nhp liu. c hm hi quy v kt qu d bo, t thanh menu chn Analyze/Regressoin/Curve Estimation. Ta c cu s Curve Estimation xut hin nh sau:

Trong hp thoi ny ta cn chn bin cn d on cho vo Dependent, tip n chn bin thi gian cho vo Independent Variable, tip theo chn Time k di chi nh thi gian cho m hnh. Sau cng chn m hnh d on trong Model v ch nh d on bng cch bm chn Save, hp thoi sau xut hin

Trong hp thoi ny cn chn loi d bo (Predicted values: D bo im; Prediction intervals: D bo khong; Resduals: d on phn d) v nm d bo (Predict from estimation period through last case: d on t nm u tin n nam cui cng; Predict through: Ch nh thi gian d on xa nht). kt thc ta chn Continue/OK.

VII. HI QUY V TNG QUAN Phn tch hi quy gia hai bin nh lng Trong SPSS c nhiu m hnh hi quy (Bc nht, Parabol, Hyperbol, hm m) Phi da vo th thc t hoc l thuyt kinh t v hin tng la chn m hnh cho ph hp. thc hin hi quy ta tin hnh cc bc tng t phn VI. Tuy nhin my mc nh l hm tuyn tnh (Linear), nu khng phi hm linear th ta chn Analyze/ Regression/ Curve Estimation v nh du vo loi th cho ph hp phn Models, sau nh du vo Display ANOVA table c thm phn phn tch ANOVA.

Phn tch tng quan gia hai bin nh gi mi quan h gia hai bin ta tin hnh phn tch h s tng quan gia hai bin.T thanh menu chnh ta chn Analyze/Correlation/BiVariable, hp thoi Correlation/BiVariable xut hin, trong hp thoi ny ta chn hai bin cn phn tch tng quan a sang Variables v kt thc bng lnh OK.