G E N D E B E N Z E R L K T A N IM ki g en in alar e it ve ya : K e n a rla r ora n tl ise b u iki ge n e b e n ze r rn e k : 3 ge n le r d e .

nir A I D I x 5 B F 2 E 6 A D 4 C
4 5 = ise 8 x X=1 0

z m :

= AB C E D C ise x ? rn e k : 4 A
80

m(A)=m(D), m(B)=m(E) ,m(C)=m(F) ve ya

a b c = = = k Ise d e f
A B C D E F

z m :

A B C g e n i b en zerd ir D E. F d ir
ABC DEF

Ise m (A)=m(D) m(B)=m(E) m(C)=m(F) D E F d)ir

A 80 aa b

A B C A C Dise.x = ? .

K=1 ise

ABC DEF (A B C g en i e

rn e k : 1 A
60

z m :

A
60

D F B x E
50

D
60

50 F x 50 B C E m(A)=m(D)=6 0 m(C)=m(F)=5 0 m(B)=m(E)=7 0 o lur .

70

rn e k : 5 A x D 8

cb X C 2a=1 00 a=5 0 b+c=13 0 b+c+x=1 8 0 x=5 0

(A B C g e n i e D C E ) z m : E A a x 8 D a 8 1 0-x c B 6 C 1 0-x=8 ise x =2 z m : A a D x c 2 Ea 6 B b c b C c

ABC DCE..ise..x = ?

= ABC DEF ise x ? rn ek : 2

A

B rn ek : 6

8
B

x
C E

3 y
F

x=? ABC ECD y=? A D 2 x y E 6 y X=4 y=5 B b=8 olu r . y=6 C

10 zm :

+y=? ABC DEF ise x

10 8 6 = = y x 3

B E N Z E R L K A K S Y O M L A R I 1) A A b e n ze rli i C Iki g e n in iki a s e it ise n c a la rd a , e it o a ca n d,ab u g e n le re b e n ze r g e n le r n d e n ir B e n ze r g e n le rd e e it a la rn ka rla rn d a ki 8 . ke n a rla r o ra n tld r . N o :t A - A b e n ze rli i so ru la rn d a ilk n ce e it a la r b u lu n.u r o n ra b u e it a la rn ka rsn dA ki S a 12 ke n a rla r o ra n tl o lra k ya zlr . [D C]//[A B] X=? rn e k : 7 rn e k 2: 1 z m : A A (e ) ABC C D E E A 9 = a E 3 = x = = b x B x E B 4 C D rn e k 3: 1 b a A B 4 C D X=? D X=4 o lu .r F rn e k 1: 1 D x

z m : C D x a

8 b A B a 12
8 X = 12 8

b B X=1 6/3 z m : D 3 a 2 E b C

A b 9 D 2 C B x a

X 9 =6 = Ise x 2 3

A D b 12 Ba
X 6 = 12 8

rn e k : 8 A 10 8 C z m : rn e k : 9 x+y=? E 2 b 4 A a 2 3 b D x C A b 6 6 3 B x X=? E D 4 C B x 3 E E
5 X = 10 8

12 D

x E b

F 6 a C

.
x F

C 8 IA B = IA C I ise =? I X rn e k 4: 1 A 4 3 F E 5 D x

z m : X=9 z m : A 4 a 3 E b
b

X=4 o lu .r

D
c

z m : ABC AD E 2 4 3 = = y 3+ x 6 X=5 y=4 x+y=9

5 B C
c

F
X=9

x C

B 4 3+ X K enara -k enar benz erlii = 3 9

B y rn e k 0: 1

Iki g e n in b ire r a s e it a la rn ko lla r o la n ke n a rla r d a o ra n tl ise b u g e n le r b e n ze rd ir . n c ke n a rla rn o ra n d a b u o ra n.a e ittir z m : A D c 4 B C m(B)=m(F) a C E d e F

D b

BCA DCE 3 4 = 6 5+ X

a c = ise. A B C E FD.d ir e d a c b A B C EFD..o ld u ld u u = = e d f

X=3

 rn e1k5 : A 4 D 2 B 5 x rn e1k6: A 6 5 B 3 C X=? rn e1k7: D 8 6 a A 9 [D C A B ]//[ ] B A 4 C 8 6 x 3

rn e1: k z :m K e n a r .k e n a r .A E 5 C
A D E A C B 4 3 5 = = 8 6 X

z :m A a =
A D D E IA E I = = AB BC AC

D a= B rn e2: k

6 x A

E C

1a 6 = 2a BC

IB C=1 2 I z :m A

X=1 0 z :m A 6 5 x B 3 C 9 D 6
/ /

4 D

4k E 6k x C B 6 a

4 D

6 E a

3 6 5 = = X=1 0 6 12 x z :m

[D E B C] ]//[ [B E a o rta y ] x=? rn e3: k A

6 4 = X 10

X=1 5 z :m A

C x

D B

4 E 2

F 4a D 4 E 2 5a F

9
4 6 8 = = 6 9 x

9 H X C [D F B C] ]//[ B X=? rn e4: k A x D

12

T e m e l b e n z e rlik te o re m i : A

9 H X C AE 4 2 = = AH 9 X X=9/2 K

[D E B C ]//[ ] D E
A B C A D E

3 E C

5 F

X=?

B
AD AE DE = = =K AB AC BC

8 z :m

3 AE = 8 AC

3a D 3 E 5a B
5.a 5 = 8.a X

x 5 F C X=8

AD AE = DB EC

O ra n d a k u ll a n la b ilin ir .

 rn e k : 5 A x 4 B D E y F x

z m : A y E 6 F
b b6 b C B

rn e k : 9
A = D F 2 E = H

z m :
A =a

15 [D F]//[B C] X+y=?

6 C

4 B

D a4

a a

15

3 F

E =a 2

X Y 10 2 = = = X + 4 Y + 6 15 3
3.x=2.x+8 is e x 8 = 3.y=2y+12 is e y 12 =

X IA E=IE H I I IA H =IH C I I X=?

2a
C

C B X=12 X

rn e k : 6
A 4 E D 2 F x

z m :
A 4 E

rn e k 0: 1 z m :
A A = E = X F G C _ B 4 F G D _ 8 = E = C

2a
D

2 F D _ C B

a
C B

3 x

rn e 7: k
A F = D F 8 B A 6 E = C B 8 H 12 6 E

z m :
A = D = C

H IB C =16 I x=? N OT D

E C

CD AB

BF BA

CE EB

DE EA

=K

=?

BF

rn e 8: k
A X G Y

8 2 = B A 12 3 =

(k elebek benz erlii ) A B

z m :
A X Y 2k G k E 4 C A

rn e 1 1: k
C 5 E 8 Y 6 4 D

z m :
CD AB CE EB DE EA

=K

D 3

E 4 3 D

C B G, A B C genin arlk m erk ez i [D E]//[ C] B Y-X=?

4 5 6 = = 8 Y X
10=Y X=12

X Y 2.K = = X + 3 Y + 4 3 .K
3.X=2.X+6 is e X =6 3.Y=2.Y+8 is e Y =8

X+Y=?

 rn e 1 2: k zm : A A = D = B 4 X E 2 1 K C B 8
A B C A D E E FK C B K(K elebek ) zm :

N OT : E C

D X =5

= F D = 4

E 2 1 K 4 C

A F

F [A E]//[F D]//[B C] 1 1 1 = + F D BC AE rn e 1 6: k E 6 3K

[D F]//[B C] X=? rn e 1 3: k A D X 5 E F 3

A D X C 5 k F 3

D X F zm :
1 1 1 = + X 6 4

2K

C 4 X=?

B [D F]//[B C] X=? rn e 1 4: k A = D 4 = B H E 3

C 2k B K 5 1 0=5+X = 2K 5 + X X=5 zm : A 8 C B = D b B

X=1 2/5

TH ALES TE OR EM A a E x F y C A E D K F [A D]//[E F]//[B C] [D H]//[A B] iz e lim . D K F geni D H C g e n in e b e n z e rd ir . C D [A D]//[E F]//[B C]

a c x = = b d y

F A B C b ir g e n [A B]//[D F ] A,H,F d o ru s a l BH =? EC rn e 1 5: k A C y B k 4 D C 2k E x IC E=2IA C I I x-y=? F 4 A

4 = 8k 3k 1 1k H E C 3 F
BH 8K 8 = E C 1 1K 1 1 =

zm : y=6 B D B H =

x =1 2

Seva teoremi A
AD BE CF . . =1 DB EC FA

D f hd E M nD d N vd P F e

E rnek 7: A 6 D X F 2 I E rnek 8: A 4 I

C zm :
61 2 . . =1 31 X

a b c ABC DEF..SE.. = = = k d c f ha hb hc nA nB nC Va Vb Vc = = = = = = = = =k hd he hf nD nE nF Vd Ve Vf evre ABC) ( =K evre DEF) (

3 B

X=4 C zm : A 4 10-x F X k E 3.k C

rnek 9:

A D 6

D 2 B E

F X C 2 B

IEC I 3.IBEI = IAC I 10 cm = X=?

4 K X . . =1 2 3K 10 X

4X =60-6X 10X=60 X=6

F E C H H ABC ile D EF benzer genler IBC I 9 cm ise IEFI ka cm dir = ? zm : 6 BC 6 9 = ise = Ise IEFI 6 = 4 EF 4 EF rnek10: zm A A I I I I

Benzer genlerde yardmc elemanlar Benzer genlerin orantl kenarlara ait yardmc B elamanlarnn oran , benzrlik oranna eittir . A

I E I

rnek10: c ha B H nA a K Va L C B 3 D 2 b A

I I m(BAC)=m(EDH) D IAFI//IFD I=?

II D 2/1

zm
3 Benzerlik oran = K : 5

E C

( ABC) 5 = ( ADE) 3

( ABC) =? ( ADE)

.H .C B

b . I E Ib F a .H a C