Robert Kim

KOR631

Grammaticalization process of incomplete verb

-uyhata/uyhamyen
Origin of Sino-Korean lexicons (Sohn, 2001)
-Three layers a) introduced from China, b) from Sino-Japanese, c)coined in
Korea.
-SK(Sino-Korean) words tend to be more formal and abstract, and thus
occasionally sound more prestigious and sometimes even pedantic.
-Syntactically, SK words, phrases and even clauses all function essentially as
nouns in Korean sentences. Only some of them function as adverbs, as cuksi(immediately), sim-ci-e(even).

* , ,
.
'' '~ '
. ~ , ~
.
() ()

.
(Ryu, 2005)
-

.
/ .
/ .

- .
, ,

 . ''
''
'' .
.
.
.

Cline (Hopper, 2003)

-Basic grammaticalization concept 'cline' can be used to explain how SinoKorean noun 'uy' has transformed in to incomplete verb.
-According to Hopper(2003), the forms do not shift abruptly from one
category to another, but go through a series of small transitions, transitions
that tend to be similar in type across language.
-For example, a lexical noun like 'back' that expresses a body part comes to
stand for a spatial relationship in/at the back of, and is susceptible to
becoming an adverb, and perhaps eventually a preposition and even a case
affix.

*Likewise, we can argue that the Sino-Korean noun 'uy' which originally had
meaning of 'to lean' or 'to depend on' evolved to be used in as English
preposition 'according to' in form of '-ey uyhamyen.'

Noun + (according to ...)

"according to ..." vs. (~)
: be due to; be owing to
: depend on; be dependent on
: be based on; be founded on

: appeal to; use; have recourse to

English Examples
according to; in accordance with; pursuant to; by[in] virtue of; by;
by dint of; by means of; through

 according to rumor; judging from report; reportedly

Interesting Statistics
- 2001 6 2012 4 '' 7,113
( www.koreatimes.com); '' 9 7,797 .
-Joins America( ) 2001 6 2012 4 ''
8,149 ( www.koreadaily.com). '' 13 9,243 .
- 2000 6 2012 4 'according to'
206 ( www.nytimes.com). 'Based on' 1,890 .
Reference
Sohn, H.-M. (2001). "The Korean Language." 1 - 445.
Hopper, P. J. and E. C. Traugott (2003). "Grammaticalization." (Second Edition): 1 233.
Ryu, S. (2005). " Lexikalisierung Grammatikalisierung -
." 12: 21 - 46.