an mn hoc

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MUC LUC
Trang
CHNG I : TNG QUAN V SAN PHM VA DY CHUYN CNG
NGH
I- TNG QUAN V SAN PHM
2
II- GII THIU V PHNG PHAP CHNG VA THAP M
III-THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH
CHNG II : TNH TOAN CNG NGH THIT B CHNH
A - CN BNG VT LIU VA NHIT LNG:
I - CN BNG VT LIU
II - XAC NH S BC THAY I NNG
III - CN BNG NHIT LNG
B - THNG S CHNH CUA THAP:
I - NG KNH THAP
II - CHIU CAO THAP
III - TNH TR LC CUA THAP
CHNG III : TNH C KH THIT B CHNH
26
I - CHON VT LIU
II - CHIU DAY THN THAP
III - TNH AY VA NP THIT B
IV - B DAY LP CACH NHIT
V - TNH NG KNH NG DN
VI - MT BCH
VII - KCH THC A PHN PHI VA LI M
VIII- CA NI THIT B VI NG DN
IX - TAI TREO VA CHN
CHNG IV : TNH THIT B PHU

I- TNH THIT B UN SI HN HP U
II - TNH VA CHON BM
TAI LIU THAM KHAO

44

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

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CHNG I :

Chng luyn lin tuc

TNG QUAN V SAN PHM

VA DY CHUYN CNG NGH

I. TNG QUAN V SAN PHM BENZEN VA AXTN
1. Axtn :
Axeton (CH3COCH3) la tn goi thng thng cua propanon .y
la loai hp cht
Cacboxyl,v vy la hp cht phn cc.No la cht long si
ts0=56,10 C,nhit nay cao hn cht khng phn cc co cung
trong lng nhng lai thp hn ancol va axit tng ng
Axeton tan v han trong nc ,la dung mi cho nhiu cht hu
c.
V mt hoa hoc tng t nh andehit ,axeton tham gia
phan ng cng hidro (H2) va natrihidro_sunphit (NaHSO3) nhng
khac ch khng b OXH bi dung dch AgNO3 (khng trang
gng) va Cu(OH)2,nhng co th b OXH va ct sat nhom -CO
chuyn thanh hai axit khi tac dung vi cht OXH manh.
V ng dung: Axtn la dung mi hoa tan nhiu hp cht
hu c nh: t axtat, nitro xenlul, nha focmandehit, cht beo,
dung mi pha sn, mc in ng ng .No la nguyn liu san
xut thuy tinh hu c va co th tng hp xten sunfonat.
2. Benzen:
Benzen la hp cht vong thm, o la mt cht long khng
mau, co mui thm c trng, nhe hn nc, tan nhiu trong
cac dung mi hu c ng thi la mt dung mi tt cho nhiu
cht nh It (I2), lu huynh (S), cht beo...,t0s= 80,10C 1 at,
ng c t0=5,50C, ty khi d204 = 0,879.
V mt hoa hoc, Benzen la mt hp cht vong bn
vng, tng i d tham gia phan ng th, kho tham gia cac
phan ng cng, OXH. c tnh hoa hoc nay goi la tnh thm.
V ng dung : dung iu ch nitro benzen, anilin, tng
hp phm nhum, dc phm..., Clobenzen la dung mi tng
hp DDT, hexacloaran (thuc tr su) Stiren (monome tng
hp cht deo) va nhiu san phm quan trong khac... Benzen
con c dung lam dung mi...
Ngun cung cp Benzen cho cng nghip la nha chng
ct, than a, hexan va toluen cua du mo. Khi nung than beo
nhit cao luyn than cc c nha than a. Trong
nha than a co cha rt nhiu cac cht hu c khac nhau
khi chng ct phn oan thu c Benzen.
Ca Axtn va Benzen u ong vai tro quan trong trong cng
nghip hoa hoc.

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

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GVHD :

 an mn hoc

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II.

GII THIU V PHNG PHAP CHNG, CHNG LIN

TUC & VIC LA CHON THAP M
Chng luyn lin tuc bi thap m lam vic ap xut
thng.
Trong cng ngh hoa hoc co nhiu phng phap phn
ring hn hp hai hay nhiu cu t tan mt phn hay hoan
toan vao nhau nh : hp thu, hp phu, li tm, trch li,
chng...Mi phng phap u co nhng c thu ring va
nhng u nhc im nht nh. Vic la chon phng
phap va thit b cho phu hp tuy thuc vao hn hp ban
u, yu cu san phm va iu kin kinh t.
i vi hn hp Benzen va Axtn la hn hp hai cu t
tan hoan toan vao nhau theo bt ky ty l nao co nhit si
khac bit nhau th phng an ti u tach hn hp trn la
chng ct.
Chng ct la phng phap tach cu t ra khoi hn hp
da vao bay hi khac nhau gia cac cu t (ngha la
cung mt nhit ap sut hi cua cac cu t se khac nhau)
bng cach thc hin qua trnh chuyn pha va trao i nhit
gia hai pha long, kh. San nh thu c gm cu t co
bay hi ln, mt phn cu t co bay hi thp hn. Con san
phm ay thu c chu yu la cu t kho bay hi va mt
phn cu t d bay hi. y dung mi va cht tan u bay
hi.
Trong san xut chung ta thng gp nhng phng phap
chng ct sau y :
- Chng n gian : dung tach s b va lam sach
cac cu t khoi tap cht (yu cu cac cu t co bay hi
khac xa nhau).
- Chng bng hi nc trc tip : tach cac hn
hp gm cac cht kho bay hi va tap cht khng bay hi
(Cht c tach khng tan trong nc).
- Chng chn khng : trong trng hp cn ha thp
nhit si cua cu t.
- Chng luyn : la phng phap ph bin nht dung
tach hoan toan hn hp cac cu t d bay hi co tnh
cht hoa tan mt phn hay hoa tan hoan toan vao nhau. V
thc cht y la qua trnh chng nhiu ln thu c san
phm tinh khit.
Ngi ta n gian h thng bng cach thay ca h thng s
thit b phai ch tao phc tap va cng knh bi mt
thap goi la thap chng luyn. Trong o cac dong pha chuyn
ng ngc chiu nhau.
Chng luyn ap sut thp dung cho hn hp d b
phn huy nhit cao va cac hn hp co nhit si qua
cao.
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

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Chng luyn lin tuc

Chng luyn ap sut cao dung cho cac hn hp khng

hoa long ap sut thng.
Qua trnh chng luyn c thc hin trong thit b loai
thap lam vic lin tuc hay gian oan. Co hai loai thit b thap
la thap m va thap a. Trong o :
Thap m
Thap m la mt thap hnh tru gm nhiu oan ni vi
nhau bng mt bch hay han. Trong thap ngi ta y
m, thap m c ng dung rng rai trong cng ngh
hoa hoc hp thu, chng luyn, lam lanh. y s dung
thap m chng ct hn hp Benzen ,Axtn.
Thap m co th lam vic ap sut thng, ap sut chn
khng, lam vic lin tuc hoc gian oan. Cu tao kch thc
m tuy thuc ch lam vic va yu cu tinh khit
cua san phm.
Nhng no cung co han ch la kho lam t u m. Nu
thap qua cao th phn phi cht long khng ng u.
khc phuc, chia m thanh nhiu tng co t thm a phn
phi cht long i vi mi tng.
III.
THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH
1. S cng ngh:
H thng thit b cng ngh chng luyn lin tuc tng
quat gm co :
- (1) : Thap chng luyn gm co 2 phn : phn trn gm t
trn a tip liu tr ln nh goi la oan luyn, phn di
gm t a tip liu tr xung goi la oan chng.
- (2) : Thit b un nong dung un nong hn hp u. S
dung thit b loai ng chum, dung hi nc bao hoa
un nong v no co h s cp nhit ln, n nhit ngng
tu cao. Hi nc bao hoa i ngoai ng, long i trong ng.
- (3) : Thung cao v
- (4) : B phn un bc hi ay thap, co th at trong hay
ngoai thap. y ta cung s dung hi nc bao hoa un
vi hi i trong ng long i ngoai ng.
- (5) : Thit b ngng tu hoan toan, nc lanh i trong ng.
- (6) : Thit b lam lanh san phm nh.
- (7) : Thung cha san phm nh
- (8) : Thung cha san phm ay.
- (9) : Thung cha hn hp u.
2. Qua trnh lam vic:
Hn hp Axtn_ Benzen la mt hn hp long hoa tan hoan
toan vao nhau theo moi ty l.
Ta co t SAxtn = 56.10C< tS Benzen = 80.1oC nn bay hi cua
Axtn ln hn bay hi cua Benzen. Vy nn san phm ay
chu yu la Benzzen va mt phn rt t Axtn, ngc lai san
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

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Chng luyn lin tuc

phm nh lai chu yu la Axtn va mt phn rt t la

Benzen.
Tin hanh cu th : Trc ht hn hp Axtn, Benzen t
thung cha (9) c bm
vao thung cao v (3) ri dn
xung thit b un nong (2). S co mt cua thung cao v am
bao cho lng hn hp u vao thap khng dao ng, trong
trng hp cng sut bm qua ln hn hp u se theo ng
tun hoan tran v b cha hn hp u. (2) dung dch
c un nong n nhit si bng hi nc bao hoa. Ra
khoi thit b un nong, dung dch i vao thap chng luyn (1)
v tr a tip liu. Do a dc un nong n nhit si
nn tai y Axetn thc hin qua trnh chuyn khi t pha
long sang pha hi va tin v nh thap. Benzen la cu t kho
bay hi nhit nay no vn ang th long va phn phi
xung di. Nh vy trong thap, hi Axetn i t di ln gp
long Benzen i t trn xung. V nhit cang ln cang thp
nn khi hi Axetn i t di ln co mang theo mt phn cu
t Benzen, cu t co nhit si cao se ngng tu lai va
cui cung trn nh ta thu c hn hp gm hu ht
cu t Axetn d bay hi. Hi Axetn vao thit b ngng tu (5)
c ngng tu lai. Mt phn cht long ngng i qua thit b
lam lanh (6) n nhit cn thit ri i vao thung cha
san phm nh (7). Mt phn khac hi lu v thap a trn
cung tng mc tach.
Tng t qua trnh dch chuyn cua Benzen se keo theo 1
phn cu t Axeton va cang xung thp nhit cua thap
cang tng khi cht long Benzen i t trn xung gp hi Axeton
co nhit cao hn, mt phn cu t co nhit si thp
c bc hi va do o nng Benzen kho bay hi trong cht
long ngay cang tng. Cui cung ay thap ta thu c hn
hp long gm hu ht la cht long Benzen kho bay hi. Cht
long ay thap khi ra khoi thap c lam lanh ri a vao
thung cha san phm (8). tit kim hi t ngi ta co
th dung hi nh thap un nong hn hp ban u.

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

CHNG II :

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TNH TOAN CNG NGH THIT

B CHNH
A. CN BNG VT LIU VA NHIT LNG :
I. CN BNG VT LIU :
1. Thng s ban u :
Goi F : lu lng hn hp u, kg/h, kmol/h
P : lu lng san phm nh, kg/h, kmol/h
W : lu lng san phm ay, kg/h, kmol/h
aF : nng hn hp u, % khi lng
aP : nng san phm nh, % khi lng
aW : nng san phm ay, % khi lng
xP : nng hn hp u, % mol
xF : nng hn hp u, % mol
xW : nng hn hp u, % mol
thun tin trong qua trnh tnh toan ta ky
hiu :
Axtn : A, MA = 58
Benzen : B, MB = 78
Theo yu cu ban u F = 79000(kg/ngay) = 3291,67 (kg/h)
2. Tnh cn bng vt liu:
Phng trnh cn bng vt vit cho toan thap:
F= P +
W (1)
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu vit cho cu t nhe:
F aF = P a P + WaW (2)
T (1) va (2) suy ra:
F
P
W
=
=
a P aW a F aW a P aW
a aW
40,5 4,2
P=F F
= 3291,67.
= 1308,74 (kg / h)
a P aW
95,5 4,2
T (1) suy ra :
W = F - P = 3291,67 - 1308,74 = 1982,93(kg/h)
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 8

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Tnh nng phn mol cua cu t Axtn:

Thanh phn mol trong hn hp u:

aF
0,405
MA
58
xF =
=
= 0,478 (phn mol) = 47,8 (%mol)
aF 1 aF
0,405 1 0,405
+
+
58
78
MA
MB

Thanh phn mol trong san phm nh:

aP
0,955
MA
58
xP =
=
= 0,966 (phn mol) = 96,6 (%mol)
a p 1 aP
0,955 1 0,955
+
+
58
78
MA
MB
Thanh phn mol trong san phm ay:
aW
0,042
MA
78
xW =
=
= 0,056 (phn mol) = 5,6 (%mol)
aW 1 aW
0,042 1 0,042
+
+
58
78
MA
MB
Tnh khi lng mol trung bnh:
Trong hn hp u:
MF = xF MA + (1- xF )MB = 0,478. 58 + (1- 0,478). 78 = 68,44(kg/kmol)
Trong san phm nh:
MP = xP MA + (1- xP )MB = 0,966. 58 + (1- 0,966). 78 = 56,34 (kg/kmol)
Trong san phm ay:
MW = xW MA + (1- xW )MB = 0,056. 58 + (1- 0,056). 78 = 76,88 (kg/kmol)

Nh vy ta co bang tng kt thanh phn san phm nh sau:

Nng
phn
khi
lng

Nng

phn
mol

Lu
lng
(kg/h)

Lu
lng
(kmol/h)

0,405

0,478

3291,67

48,10

0,955

0,966

1308,74

23,23

0,042

0,056

1982,83

25,79

Hn hp
u
San phm
nh
San phm
ay

3. Thanh phn pha cua hn hp 2 cu t Axeton benzen

Bang thanh phn cn bng long hi va nhit si cua hn
hp 2 cu t ap sut 760 mmHg (%mol) (bang IX.2a/146.II)

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc
x
y
t

0
0

5
14

80,
1

78,
3

Trang 9
10
24,
3
76,
4

20
40
72,
8

30
51,
2
69,
6

40
59,
4
66,
7

Chng luyn lin tuc

50
65,
5
64,
3

60
73
62,
4

70
79,
5
60,
7

80
86,
3
59,
6

90
93,
2
58,
8

100
100
56,
1

Bng phng phap ni suy ta tnh c yF, yP, yW, t0s nh bang
sau:

San
phm
F
P
W

x (%mol)
47,8
96,6
5,6

Phn
mol
0,478
0,966
0,056

y
(%mol)
64,2
97,7
15,2

(Cng thc ni suy nh sau :

y yA
s
y = y A + (x xA ) B
; t = tA
xB x A

Phn
mol
0,642
0,977
0,152

+ (x xA )

t Bs t As
xB x A

t si
64,8
57,0
78,0

II - XAC NH S BC THAY I NNG :

1. Xac nh ch s hi lu Rxmin :
x y * F 0,966 0,642
R X min = P*
=
= 1,976
y F x F 0,642 0,478
Vi
xP _nng phn mol cua Axtn trong pha long san
phm nh .
xF_ nng phn mol cua Axtn trong pha long hn
hp u.
y*F _nng phn mol cua Axtn trong pha hi nm cn
bng pha long hn
hp u.
2. Xac nh ch s hi lu thch hp :
Xac nh ch s hi lu thch hp da vao iu kin th
tch thap nho nht tc la tng ng vi Nl(Rx+1) nho nht
(Nl : S bc thay i nng ly thuyt)
RX = b RXmin
Vi b la h s
b = 1,2 2,5
Vn chon ch s hi lu thch hp rt quan trong,
nu lng hi lu qua be th thap se v cung cao, iu nay
rt kho thc hin, nu lng hi lu ln th thap co thp
i nhng ng knh lai ln, san phm nh thu c chng
bao nhiu.
Xac nh RX thch hp theo s bc thay i nng c
tin hanh nh sau : cho nhiu gia tr RX ln hn gia tr RXmin. Vi
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 10

Chng luyn lin tuc

mi gia tr trn, ta xac nh c tung cua ng lam vic

oan luyn vi truc tung B, vi:
xP
B=
RX + 1

th xac nh s bc thay i nng ly

thuyt

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 11

Chng luyn lin tuc

Da vao th ta co kt qua sau:

b
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,75
1,8
1,85
2
2,2
Rx
2,37 2,76 3,16 3,458 3,556 3,655 3,952 4,347
12
64
16
8
6
2
B
28,6 25,6 23,2 21,67 21,2 20,75 20,1 18,06
5
5
Nt
23,2 19,8 17,4
15,8
15,5
15,2
14,6
13,6
Nt(Rx+ 78,2 74,6 72,4 70,44 70,63 71,2 72,44 72,72
1)
1
T bang bn tm c gia tr Nl(Rx + 1) nho nht tai Rx =
3,458 ng vi b= 1,75.
Vy ta tnh c ch s hi lu thch hp Rx = 3,458.
S ngn ly thuyt cua thap chng la : 15,8
S ngn ly thuyt oan luyn la : 11,8
S ngn ly thuyt oan chng la: 4
III - CN BNG NHIT LNG :
Muc ch cua vic tnh toan cn bng nhit lng la
xac nh lng hi t cn thit khi un nong hn hp u,
un bc hi ay thap cung nh xac nh lng nc lam
lanh cn thit cho qua trnh ngng tu va lam lanh .
Chon nc lam cht tai nhit v no la ngun nguyn liu
re tin, ph bin trong thin nhin va co kha nng ap ng yu
cu cng ngh.
S cn bng nhit lng:
Qy

H2O
H2O

Qxq1
QR

H2O

QF
Qxq2

H2O

QD1
QD2

Qf

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

Qng1

QW

QP

Qng2

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

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Cac k hiu:
QD1 : lng nhit do hi nc cung cp un nong
hn hp u, J/h
Qf : lng nhit hn hp u mang vao, J/h
Q F : lng nhit do hn hp u mang ra khoi thit
b un nong, J/h
Qxq1 : lng nhit mt mat trong qua trnh un si, J/h
Qy : lng nhit hi mang ra khoi thap, J/h
QR : lng nhit do lng long hi lu mang vao, J/h
QP : nhit lng do san phm nh mang ra, J/h
QD2 : nhit lng cn un nong san phm ay, J/h
QW : nhit lng do san phm ay mang ra, J/h
Qxq2 : nhit lng mt mat trong thap chng luyn, J/h
Qng1 : nhit do nc ngng mang ra thit b un si
hn hp u, J/h
Q ng2 : nhit do nc ngng mang ra thit b un si
san phm ay, J/h
1. Cn bng nhit lng cua thit b un nong hn
hp u :
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng cho qua trnh un nong:
QD1 + Qf = QF + Qxq1 + Qng1
a) Nhit lng do hi t mang vao QD1
QD1 =D1 1 = D1(r1 + t1C1) (J/h)
Vi :
D1 : lng hi t mang vao (kg/h)
1 : ham nhit cua hi nc (J/kg)
r1 : n nhit hoa hi cua hi nc (J/kg)
t 1 : nhit nc ngng (oC)
C1 : nhit dung ring cua nc ngng (J/kg )
b) Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vao Qf
Qf = F.Cf tf (J/h)
Vi :
F : Lng hn hp u, kg/h
Cf : Nhit dung ring cua hn hp u, J/kg.
Cf = a F C A + (1 a F )C B
aF
: Nng phn khi lng cua hn
hp u
CA, CB : Nhit dung dung ring cua Axtn va
o
Benzen 25 C
(J/kg.)
tf : Nhit u cua hn hp (ly bng nhit
cua mi trng bn ngoai
tf = 25oC)
c) Nhit lng do hn hp u mang ra QF
QF = F.CF tF

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 13

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Vi
CF : Nhit dung ring cua hn hp khi ra khoi thit
b un nong, J/kg.
tF : Nhit cua hn hp khi ra khoi thit b un
o
nong, C
d) Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra Qng1
Qng1 = Gng1 .C1 .t1 = D1t1C1
Gng1 : Lng nc ngng (ly bng lng hi
t), kg/h
e) Nhit lng mt mat ra mi trng xung quanh Qm1 (thng
ly bng 5% nhit tiu tn)
Qxq1 = 5%(QD1 - Qng1 ) = 5% D1r1
Nh vy lng hi nc bao hoa cn thit un nong
dung dch u n nhit si:
F (t F C F t f C f )
D1 =
, kg/h
0,95r1

F = 3291,67 (kg/h)

Tnh nhit dung ring cua hn hp u Cf 25o C :

Cf25 = CA 25 aF
+ CB25 (1-aF)
25
25
CA , CB tra trong bang I-153/171.I va bng ni suy
CA25 = 2190 (J/kg)
CB25 = 1753,75 (J/kg.)
=> Cf25 = 2190 0,405 + 1753,75 (1- 0,405) = 1930
(J/kg.)

Nhit dung ring cua hn hp u khi i ra thit b

un nong nhit tF =ts = 64,8 oC
CF64.8 = CA 64,8aF + CB64,8 (1- aF)
CA64,8 = 2320,6 (J/kg.)
CB64,8 = 1955,2 (J/kg.)
=> CF 64,8 = 2320,6 0,405 + 1955,2 (1- 0,405) = 2103
(J/kg.)

Ta chon hi nc bao hoa un si ap sut p = 1

atm, to =99,1oC, ta co
r1=2264. 103 (J/kg) (bang I121/314.I)
2103 64,8 1930 25
= 135(kg / h)
Vy: D = 3291,67
0,95 2264.10 3
2. Cn bng nhit lng cho toan thap:
QF + QR + QD 2 = Q y + QW +Q ng 2 +Q xq 2
a) Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vao thap :
QF = C F t F F = 3291 2103 64,8 = 448,57.10 6 ( J / h)
b) Nhit lng do hi nc mang vao ay thap :
Q D 2 = D2 2 = D2 (r2 + C 2 t 2 )( J / h)
D2
: lng hi nc cn thit un si dung dch
ay thap, kg/h
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 14

Chng luyn lin tuc

2 : ham nhit cua hi nc bao hoa, J/kg

t2, C2 : nhit va nhit dung ring cua nc ngng,
0
C, J/kg
c) Nhit lng do long hi lu mang vao :
QR = GR tR CR (J/h)
GR : Lng long hi lu, kg/h
GR= Rx.P= 3,458 1308,74= 4525,62 (kg/h)
tR , CR : Nhit va nhit dung dung ring cua long
hi lu
Ta co
tR = tP = 57 oC
57
C R = C57A aP + C57B (1- aP)
CA, CB : tra bang I-153/171.I nhit 57oC va bng
ni suy ta co:
C57A = 2295,25 (J/kg)
C57B = 1914,25 (J/kg)
=>
C57R = 2295,25. 0,955 + 1914,25.(1- 0,955) = 2278
(J/kg.)
Do o QR = 4525,62 57 2278 = 590.106 (J/h)
d) Nhit lng do hi mang ra nh thap Qy :
Q y = G y d = P ( R x + 1)d
d : nhit tr cua hn hp hi nh thap, (J/kg)
d = 1 a ' P +(1 a ' P )2 = rP + C P t P
1 , 2 : ham nhit cua Axtn va Benzen, J/kg
CP : nhit dung ring cua hn hp hi ra khoi thap
nhit 57oC
CP = CR = 2278 (J/kg.) (tnh trn)
rP : n nhit hoa hi cua hn hp nh thap tai
nhit d 57oC
rP = rAaP + rB(1- aP)
aP :la nng phn khi lng trong hn hp
hi nh thap
y
0,977
MB
78
a' P =
=
= 0,969 (phn KL)
1 y
0,977 1 0,977
y
+
+
78
58
MB
MA
rA, rB : Nhit hoa hi cua Axtn, Benzen 57 oC. Tra
bang:
I-213/254.I va bng phng phap ni suy ta co :
rA = 521,675.103 J/kg
rB = 410,25.103 J/kg
rP = 521,675.10 3.0,969 + 410,25.10 3 (1 0,969) = 518,22.10 3 ( J / kg )
Suy ra d = rP + CPtP = 518,22.103 + 2278 57 = 648,07.103
(J/kg)
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 15

Chng luyn lin tuc

Vy
Qy = P(Rx + 1) d = 1308,74.(1 + 3,458).648,07.103 =
3782,87.106 (J/h)
e) Nhit lng do san phm ay mang ra:
QW = W.CW .tW , J/h
W : lng san phm ay, kg/h
tW : nhit san phm ay, tW = 78 oC
CW : nhit dung ring san phm ay c xac nh
theo cng thc :
CW78 = C A78 aW C B78 (1 aW )
CA78, CB78: nhit dung ring cua Axtn va Benzen 78 oC.
Tra bang
I-153/171.I va bng phng phap ni suy ta co :
CA78= 2363,5 J/kg.
CB78= 2024,5 J/kg.
CW = 2363,5 0,042 + 2024,5 (1 - 0,042) = 2038,74
(J/kg.)
Vy
QW =1982,93. 2038,74. 78 = 315,33. 106 (J/h)
f) Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra :
Qng 2 = Gng 2 C 2 t 2 = D2 C 2 t 2 , J/h
Gng2 : lng nc ngng tu (kg/h) bng lng hi nc
cn thit un si dung dch ay thap
C2, t2 : Nhit dung ring (J/kg.) va nhit cua nc
ngng (oC)
g) Nhit lng do tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh :
Qxq2 = 0,05D2r2 , J/h
Vy lng hi t cn thit un si dung dch ay thap
Q y + QW QF QR (3782,87 + 315,33 448,57 590).10 6
D2 =
=
= 1422,55
la :
0,95r2
0,95 2264.10 3
(kg/h)
Vy lng hi nc bao hoa cn thit la:
D = D1 + D2 = 135+ 1422,55 = 1557,55 (kg/h)
3. Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b ngng tu :
S dung thit b ngng tu hoan toan :
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng :
P ( Rx + 1 ).r = Gn1Cn(t2 - t1 )
r : n nhit ngng tu cua hi nh thap
r = 518,22.103 (J/kg) (tnh phn Qy
Cn : Nhit dung ring cua nc nhit trung bnh (t1
+ t2)/2, J/kg.
t1 , t2 : Nhit vao, ra cua nc lam lanh, oC
Gn1 : Lng nc lanh tiu tn cn thit
P ( Rx + 1)r
Gn1 =
, kg / h
C n (t 2 t1 )
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 16

Chng luyn lin tuc

Chon nhit vao cua nc lam lanh t1 =25oC va nhit ra

t2 = 45oC
Do o nhit trung bnh :
t +t
25 + 45
t tb = 1 2 =
= 35 0C
2
2
Cn : nhit dung ring cua nc nhit 35 oC. Tra
bang I-147/165.I
Cn = 0,99861 (kcal/kg.) = 4180 (J/kg.)
Vy lng nc lam lanh :
P ( Rx + 1)r 1308,74 (1 + 3,458) 518,22.10 3
Gn1 =
=
= 36166,14 (kg/h)
C n (t 2 t1 )
4180 (45 25)
4. Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lam lanh:
P (t1 t 2 )C P = Gn 2 C n (t 2 t1 )
t '1 , t ' 2 : Nhit u, cui cua san phm nh a ngng
0
tu, C
t1 = tP = 57oC, t2 = 25 oC
t1 = 25oC , t2 = 45oC ,Cn = 4180 (J/kg.)
CP : nhit dung ring san phm nh a ngng tu, J/kg.
CP= 2278 (J/kg.) ( phn tnh Qy)
Lng nc lanh tiu tn la :

Gn 2 =

P(t1 t 2 )C P 1308,74 2278 (57 25)

=
= 1141,17 (kg/h)
C n (t 2 t1 )
4180 (45 25)

Vy tng lng nc 25 0C ,1amt cn dung ngng tu

va lam lanh la :
Gn = Gn1 + Gn2 = 36166,14 + 1141,17 = 37307,31 (kg/h)
B - THNG S CHNH CUA THAP
I.
NG KNH THAP :
ng knh thap c tnh theo cng thc:
4Vtb
(m)
cng thc (IX-89)
3600 tb
Vtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thap (m3/h)
tb : vn tc hi trung bnh i trong thap (m/s)
D=

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 17

Chng luyn lin tuc

GRx

n
F,xF

g'1,y'1=yw

2
1
n'
2
1

G1,x1=xF
P,xP
G'1,x'1

V lng hi va lng long thay i theo chiu cao thap

va khac nhau trong mi oan nn lng hi trung bnh trong
tng oan khac nhau va do o ng knh oan chng va
oan luyn cua thap co th khac nhau.
1 - ng knh oan luyn :
a/ Lu lng hi trung bnh trong oan luyn : co th xem
gn ung bng trung bnh cng lng hi i ra khoi a trn
cung cua thap g va lng hi i vao di cung g1 cua oan
luyn :
c tnh theo cng thc sau :
g + g1
g tb = d
(IX.91/181.II)
2
g1 : lng hi i vao a di cung cua oan luyn (kg/h)
g : lng hi ra khoi thap a trn cung (kg/h)
g = GR +GP = GP(RX+1) (IX .92/181.II)
Vi
GR : lng long hi lu , kg/h
GP : lng san phm nh (kg/h), GP = 1308,74 (kg/h)
Rx : ch s hi lu, Rx = 3,458
=>
g = 1308,74. (3,458+1) = 5834,36 (kg/h)
Ap dung phng trnh cn bng vt liu, nhit lng cho
a th nht cua oan luyn:
g1 = G1 + GP
(IX.93/182.II)
g1y1 = G1x1 + GPxP
(IX.94/182.II)
g1r1 = gr
(IX.95/182.II)
Vi :
y1 : nng cua cu t nhe trong pha hi cua
a th nht oan luyn
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 18

Chng luyn lin tuc

x1 : ham lng long a th nht oan

luyn
x1 = xF = 0,405 (phn khi lng )
GP = 1308,74 (kg/h) = 22,23 (kmol/h)
r1 : n hit hoa hi cua hn hp i vao a
th nht cua oan luyn (J/kg)
r1 = rA y1 + rB (1 - y1 )

r : n nhit hoa hi cua hn hp hi i ra

khoi nh thap (J/kg)
r = ra y + rb (1 - y ) = 518,22.103 (J/kg) (a tnh
phn TB ngng tu)
rA , rB : n nhit hoa hi cua Axtn va Benzen nguyn
cht
Tra bang I-212/254/I va ni suy ta co:
rA 64,8 = 122,68 (kcal/mol) = 513636,62 (J/kg)
rB 64,8 = 96,66 (kcal/mol) = 404696,1 (J/kg)
r1 = 108,94. 103.y1 +404,7. 103
g1 = G1 + 1308,74
g . y = G .0,405 + 992
1
1 1
Vy ta co h phng trnh :
3
g1 .r1 = 5963,67 518,22 = 3090493.10
r = 108,94.10 3. y + 404,7.10 3
1
1
y1 = 0,473( phan _ kl ) = 0,547( phan _ mol )

3
r1 = 108,97(kcal / kg ) = 456,225.10 ( J / kg )
Giai h ta c :
g1 = 6790,68(kg / h)
G = 5481,94(kg / h)
1
Suy ra lu lng hi trung bnh:
g + g d 6790,68 + 5834,36
g tb = 1
=
= 6312,52(kg / h) = 1,75(kg / s)
2
2
b/ Tnh khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha hi oan
luyn:
[ y M + (1 ytb1 ) M B ] 273 (kg / m 3 )
ytb = tb1 A
(IX.102/183.II)
22,4T

MA = 58 (kg/kmol) , MB = 78 (kg/kmol)

ytb1: nng d phn mol cua Axtn trong pha hi

oan luyn.
y + y P 0,547 + 0,977
y tb1 = 1
=
= 0,762 (phn mol)
2
2

T: nhit lam vic trung bnh cua oan luyn

t +t
64,8 + 57
T = P F + 273 =
+ 273 = 333,9 o K
2
2
Do o :
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 19

ytb =
Vy

Chng luyn lin tuc

[ 0,762 58 + (1 0,762) 78].273 = 2,291(kg / m 3 )

Vtb =

g tb
ytb

22,4 333,9
6312,52
=
= 2755,36(m 3 / h)
2,291

c/ Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha long oan luyn

a
1 atb1
1
= tb1 +
(IX-104a/183.II).
xtb x1
x2
xtb : khi lng ring trung bnh cua hn hp

long trong oan luyn

x1 , x 2 : khi lng ring trung bnh cua Axtn

va Benzene trong pha long ly theo nhit TB

(kg/m3), ttb = 60,9 0C
x1 = x1 60,9 = 744,785(kg / m 3 ) (bangI-2/9/I)

x 2 = x1 60,9 = 835,055(kg / m 3 )

atb1 : phn khi lng trung bnh cua cu t A

trong pha long
a + a P 0,42 + 0,955
atb1 = F
=
= 0,68 (phn khi
2
2

lng )
xtb = 771,472 (kg/m3)
d/ Tm vn tc hi trung bnh i trong oan luyn:
Vn tc lam vic cua dong kh nho hn vn tc ao pha t
10 20%.
Chon tb= 0,8 . ,S (m/s)
,S : la vn tc ao pha c tnh theo IX-115/187.II
' S 2 d ytb
lg
3
gVd xtb

0 ,16

G
= A 1,75 x
G

4 ytb


xtb

Trong o

A = - 0,125
d :B mt ring cua m, (m2/m3)

V : Th tch t do cua m, ( m3/m3)

y ta chon m Risiga, bng thep ln xn co kch
thc 25 25 0,8 (mm), b mt ring d = 220 (m2/m3), th tch
t do V = 0,92 (m3/m3), s m trong 1m3 : 50.103,khi lng
ring xp la 640 (kg/m3).

g : Gia tc trong trng, g = 9,81(m/s2)

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 20

Chng luyn lin tuc

xtb , ytb : khi lng ring trung bnh cua pha long va

pha hi (kg/m3)
x , n : nht cua pha long nhit trung bnh

va cua nc 20oC

Gx , Gy : lu lng long va hi trung bnh,(kg/s)

* Xac nh nht x , n :
o
n : nht cua nc 20 C tra trong bang I-102/94.I ta
co :
n = 1,005(Cp ) = 1,005.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
x : nht cua hn hp long trong oan luyn
60,9oC, c tnh theo cng thc sau:
lg x = xtb lg A + (1 xtb ) lg B
x F + x P 0,478 + 0,966
=
= 0,722 (phn mol)
2
2
A , B : nht cua Axtn va Benzene 60,9 0C
I-101/91.I va bng phng phap ni suy ta co :
A = 0,22865.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
B = 0,38667.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
x = 0,2646.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
* Tnh lu lng long, hi trung bnh trong oan luyn:
G + GR
Gx = 1
2
G R = G P R x = 1308,74 3,458 = 4525,62(kg / h) = 1,257(kg / s)
G1 = 5481,94 (kg/h)
5481,94 + 4525,62
GX =
= 5003,78 (kg/h) = 1,39 (kg/s)
2
g + g1
GY = d
= g tb = 6312,52 (kg/h) =1,75 (kg/s)
2
xtb =

Nh vy :

G
lg ' 2S = A 1,75 x
G
y
1

4 ytb


xtb

8
lg d3 ytb
gVd xtb

0 ,16

220 2,291
1,39 4 2,291 8
0,2646
2 lg ' S = 0,125 1,75
.

lg

3
9,81 (0,92) 771,472 1,005
1,75 771,472
' S = 1,313 (m/s)
Vy tc lam vic : tb = 0,8. ' S = 1,05 (m/s)
Vy ng knh oan luyn :
4.Vtb
4 2755,36
Dl =
=
= 0,962 (m)
.3600. tb
3600 1,05
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

0 ,16

 an mn hoc

Trang 21

Chng luyn lin tuc

2 - ng knh oan chng

a/ Lu lng hi trung bnh oan chng : c tnh gn
ung bng trung bnh cng cua lng hi ra khoi oan chng
va lng hi i vao oan chng :
g + g1 g1 + g1
g tb = n
=
2
2
V lng hi ra khoi oan chng bng lng hi i vao
oan luyn do o:
g n = g1 = 6790,68(kg / h)
Lng hi i vao oan chng g1, lng long G1, va ham
lng long x1 trong oan chng c xac nh bng h
phng trnh sau :
G1 = g1 + GW
(1)
(IX-98/182.II)
G1x1 = g1 y '1 +GW xW
(2)
(IX-99/182.II)
g1r1 = g n rn = g1r1
(3)
(IX-100/182.II)
Trong o :

y1 = yW = 0,152 (phn mol) = 0,118 (phn khi

lng)

r1 : n nhit hoa hi cua hn hp hi i vao a

th nht cua oan chng, c xac nh theo cng thc
trang 182.II :
r1 = rA y1 + rB (1 y )
rA , rB : n nhit hoa hi cua Axtn va Benzene nhit
tW = 78 oC
tra bang I-212/254.I ta co:
rA = 119,05 (kcal/kg) = 498,44. 103 (J/kg)
rB = 94,35 (kcal/kg) = 395,024. 103 (J/kg)
r1 = 498,44.10 3 0,118 + 395,024 (1 0,118).10 3 = 407,227.10 3 (J/kg)
r1
456,225.10 3

6790,68 = 7607,74(kg / h)
Vy : (3) g1 = g1 =
r1
407,227.10 3
(1) G1 = g1 + GW = 7607,74 + 1982,83 = 9590,67(kg / h)
g y ' +G x
7607,74 0,118 + 1982,83 0,042
(2) x1 = 1 1 W W =
= 0,102 (p. KL)
G1
9590,67
=0,12 (p. mol)
Vy lng hi trung bnh trong oan chng:
g + g1 6790,68 + 7607,74
gtb = 1
=
= 7199,21(kg / h)
2
2
b/ Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha hi oan chng :
Khi lng ring oan chng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
[ y' M + (1 y 'tb1 ) M B ] 273
' ytb = tb1 A
(kg/m3) (IX-102/183.II)
22,4.T '
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Ta co :

Trang 22

Chng luyn lin tuc

t F + tW 78 + 57
=
= 67,5 o C
2
2
T = ttb + 273 = 340,5 oK
y 'tb1 : phn mol cua Axeton trong hn hp hi
t tb =

oan chng

y1 + yW 0,547 + 57
=
= 0,3495
(phn mol)
2
2
[ 0,3495.58 + (1 0,3495).78].273 = 2,542
' ytb =
(kg/m3)
22,4.340,5
g
7199,21
V 'tb = tb =
= 2832,49(m 3 / h)
Vy
' ytb
2,542
c/ Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha long oan luyn
a'
1 a 'tb1
1
= tb1 +
' xtb x1
x2
a + aW 0,405 + 0,042
a 'tb1 = F
=
= 0,2235 (phn khi lng)
2
2
x1 , x 2 : khi lng ring cua Axeton va cua Benzen
nhit
trung bnh cua oan chng 67,5 oC . Tra bang I-2/9/I
x1 = 725,88(kg / m 3 )
y 'tb1 =

x 2 = 828,125(kg / m 3 )
' xtb = 802,83 (kg/m3)
Suy ra :
d/ Tnh vn tc hi trung bnh trong oan chng:
Tng t trong oan luyn ta co : tb = 0,85. ,S
' S 2 d ' ytb
lg
3
gVd ' xtb

'x

0,16

G'
= A 1,75 x
G'

4 ' ytb

'
xtb

1
8

* Tnh nht n , ' x :

Tng t trong oan luyn ta co :
n = 1,005(Cp ) = 1,005.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
lg ' x = xtb lg A + (1 xtb ) lg B
xW + x F 0,056 + 0,478
=
= 0,267 (phn mol)
2
2
A , B : nht cua Axeton va Benzen nhit
xtb =
67,5 oC :
Tra bang I.101/91/I
A = 0,21875.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )

B = 0,36225.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 23

Chng luyn lin tuc

' x = 0,3166.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
Chon m Rasiga bng thep co kch thc 35 35 1,0 ,b
mt ring la 160 (m2/m3),th tch t do la 0,93 (m3/m3) (chon
m khac oan luyn thap ti u)
* Tnh lng long, hi trung bnh GX, GY :
G + G1 5481,94 + 9590,67
G' x = 1
=
= 7536,305(kg / h) = 2,0934(kg / s )
2
2
G y = g tb = 7199,21(kg / h) = 2(kg / s )
Do o :

2. lg ' 2S = A 1,75 G ' x

G'
y

4 ' ytb

'
xtb
1

'
8
lg d3 ytb
gVd ' xtb

'x

0 ,16

0 ,16

160 2,542
0,3166
2,0934 4 2,542 8
= 0,125 1,75
lg

3
2 802,83
9,81 (0,93) 802,83 1,005

' S = 1,388(m / s)
'tb = 0,8. ' S = 1.11(m / s )
Nh vy ng knh oan chng se la :

4.V ' tb
4 2832,49
=
= 0,949(m)
.3600. 'tb
3600 1,11
Do ng knh oan chng va oan luyn chnh lch nhau
khng qua 10% nn ng nht hai gia tr ng knh v gia tr
ng knh chun.
Vy chon ng knh thap la D= 1,0 m (theo bang qui chun
cho ng kinh thap, 359.II).
Dc =

II.

CHIU CAO THAP CHNG LUYN:

Chiu cao thap chng luyn c tnh theo cng thc IX50/168.II
H = Nl ht + H
(m)
H : chiu cao cua np va ay thap. y thap
lam vic ap sut
thng nn H = (0,4 0,8) D = 0,6 1,0 = 0,6 m
(Np va ay thap co dang hnh elip)
Nl : S bc thay i nng ly thuyt
ht : chiu cao tng ng cua bc thay i nng
, c tnh theo cng thc sau: (Trang 168/II)
Gx
a
e
d
f lg
yWtb b c G y x y
mG y
d Vd

htd = K

y
Gx y x 1 m Gy

Gx
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 24

Chng luyn lin tuc

Hoc co th tnh theo cng thc (10-41/26.IV) :

Gx
x y
mG y
0, 2 G y

htd = d td 8,4( R e )

Gy
Gx
y x
1 m
Gx
Trong o: k = 176,4 . m la gia tr TB cua goc nghing
cua ng cn bng v mt phng ngang.
0 , 342

1/

0 ,19

0 , 038

lg

Chiu cao oan luyn

G x = 5003,78 (kg/h) = 1,39 (kg/s)

G y = 6312,52 (kg/h) = 1,75 (kg/s)

tb = 1,05 (m/s)
x = 0,2646.10-3 (Ns/m2)
y : c tnh theo cng thc sau
M hh y tb1 M A (1 y tb1 ) M B
=
+
y
A
B
M hh = y tb1 M A + (1 y tb1 ) M B = 0,762 58 + (1 0,762) 78 = 62,76
A , B : nht cua hi Axeton va Benzen 67,5oC
Tnh theo cng thc: t = 0 .(273 + C) /(T+C)
A = 82,914.10 7 ( Ns / m 2 ) (Trang116 /I)
B = 86,607.10 7 ( Ns / m 2 )
y = 83,973.10 7 ( Ns / m 2 )
n

m=

tg

=
= 0,6735
n
n
x = 771,472(kg / m 3 ) , y = 2,291(kg / m 3 )
i =1

d = 220(m 2 / m 3 ), Vd = 0,92(m 3 / m 3 )
4.Vd 4.0,92
d td =
=
= 0,0167 m
d
220
tb d td y 1,05 0,0167 2,291
Re =
=
= 5220
Vd y
0,92 83,97.10 7

Do o :

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

htd = 0,0167 8,4 ( 5220 )

Trang 25

0, 2

6312,52

5003,78

0 , 342

Chng luyn lin tuc

771,17

2,291

0 ,19

83,973.10 7

3
0,2646.10

0 , 038

5003,78
0,6735 6312,52

= 1,0511(m)
6312,52
1 0,6735
5003,78
Nh vy chiu cao oan luyn :
Hl = 11,8 1,0511 = 12,403 (m)
2/ Chiu cao oan chng :
Ta co:

Gy = 7199,21 (kg/h) = 2 (kg/s)

Gx = 7531,305 (kg/h) = 2,092 (kg/s)

tb = 1,11 (m/s)
x = 802,83( kg / m 3 ) , y = 2,542(kg / m 3 )

lg

x = 0,3166.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
y : c tnh theo cng thc sau:
M hh y 'tb1 M A (1 y 'tb1 ) M B
=
+
y
A
B
M hh = y 'tb1 M A + (1 y 'tb1 ) M B = 0,3495.58 + 0,6505 * 78 = 71
A , B : nht cua hi Benzen, Axit Axetic 67,5 oC :
B = 88,371.10 7 ( Ns / m 2 )
A = 84,891.10 7 ( Ns / m 2 )
y = 87,3364.10 7 ( Ns / m 2 )

m : H s goc cua ng cn bng oan chng:

n
tg i y

x = 1,4976
m = i =1
=
n
n
4.Vd 4 0,93
d td =
=
= 0,0232(m)
d
160
tb d td y 1,11 0,0232 2,542
Re =
=
= 8090
Vd y
0,93 87,3364.10 7

Do o :

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

htd = 0,0232 8,4 ( 8090 )

Trang 26

0, 2

7199,21

7536,305

0, 342

802,83

2,542

Chng luyn lin tuc

0 ,19

87,3364.10 7

3
0,3166.10

0 , 038

7536,305
1,4976 7199,21

= 1,093(m)
1,4976 7199,21
1
7536,305
Nh vy chiu cao oan chng:
Hc = 1,093 4 = 4,3739 (m)
Nh vy chiu cao toan thap H = 12,403 + 4,374+ 0,6 = 17,38
(m)
III. TR LC CUA THAP:
Khi cht long chuyn ng t trn xung va cht kh
chuyn ng t di ln co th xay ra 4 ch thuy ng :
ch chay mang ; ch chay qua ; ch chay xoay
va ch chay nhu tng. Sc can thuy lc cua thap m
i vi h hi long im ao pha co th c xac nh
theo cng thc IX-118/189.II :
m
c
n

Gx y x

( N / m 2 )

PU = PK 1 + A

G y x y

PU : tn tht ap sut khi m t tai im ao

2
pha, N/m
PK : tn tht ap sut khi m kh, N/m2 .
1 - i vi oan luyn
Tn tht ap sut m kh PK c xac nh theo cng
thc IX-119/189.II :
H y t2
H . d 2
PK =
=
y y
2.d td
8
Vd3
Vi :
H = 12,403 m la chiu cao oan luyn
y : tc cua kh , y = 1,05( m / s)
lg

t : tc thc cua kh trong lp m, t =

Vtd
: h s tr lc cua m, bao gm tr lc do ma sat
va tr lc cuc b
la ham s phu thuc vao chun s Rynn
Ta co Re' y = 5220 > 40 ch chay xoay
16
16
=
=
= 2,888
0, 2
Re' y
5220 0, 2

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 27

Chng luyn lin tuc

2,888 12,403 220 1,05 2 2,291

= 3210 N/m2.
8 0,92 3
* xac nh PU , ta cn xac nh cac h s A, m, n, c
da vao bang IX.7/189.II :
Vy

PK =

Ta co : A = 5,15 ; m = 0,342 ; n = 0,19 ; c = 0,038

0 , 342
0 ,19

1,39
2,291 0,2646
PUl = 3210.1 + 5,15

7
1,75
771,472 83,97.10

0, 038

= 8960 (N/m2)

Tr lc trn oan luyn: PUl / Hl = 8960:12,403 = 722,4 (Pa/m)

2 - i vi oan chng :
Tn tht ap sut m kh PK c xac nh theo cng
thc IX-119/189.II :
H y t2
H . d 2
PK =
=
y y
2.d td
8
Vd3
Trong o :
H = 4,374 (m), Re= 8090
16
16
=
=
= 2,646
0, 2
Re' y
8090 0, 2
2,646 4,374 160 1,112 2,542
= 904 (N/m2)
3
8 0,93
* xac nh PU , ta cn xac nh cac h s A, m, n, c da
vao bang IX.7/189.II :
Vy

PK =

Ta co : A = 5,15 ; m = 0,342 ; n = 0,19 ; c = 0,038

0 ,19
0 , 342

2,542 0,3166
2,092
PUc = 904 1 + 5,15

7
2
802,83 87,336.10

0 , 038

= 2720 (N/m2)

Tr lc trn oan chng la:PUc/Hc = 2720:4,374 = 621,86

(Pa/m)
Tr lc oan chng va luyn u nm trong khoang
(400 800 Pa/m) nn thoa man.

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 28

Chng luyn lin tuc

TNH C KH THIT B CHNH

CH UNG 3:

I.
Chon vt liu:
Thap chng luyn ap sut kh quyn P = 760 mmHg =
1,01.105 N/m2 la ap sut thp va trung bnh nn chon thn thap
hnh tru han (theo II.360).
Da vao XII.37/341.II ta chon thep tm X18H10T
II.
Tnh chiu day thap:
Chiu day thn hnh tru lam vic di ap sut P c tnh
theo cng thc XIII.8/360.II
Dt P
S=
+ C ( m)
2[ ] P
Trong o : _ D = 1,0 m : ng knh trong cua thap .
_ : h s bn cua thanh hnh tru theo phng
doc: = 0,9
_C : h s b sung n mon, bao mon va dung sai b
day .
C c tnh theo cng thc sau :
C = C1 + C2 + C3
C1 : b sung do n mon, xut phat t iu
kin n mon vt liu cua mi trng va thi
gian lam vic cua thit b
C1 = 1 mm = 10-3 m, do vt liu bn
C2 : ai lng b sung do hao mon . i vi
thap chng ct C2 = 0.
C3 : ai lng b sung do dung sai cua chiu
day,
C3
phu
thuc
vao
b day tm vt liu, theo bang XIII-9/364.II
chon
C3 = 0,22 mm = 0,22.10-3 m .
C = 1+ 0 + 0,22 = 1,22mm = 1,22.10-3 m.
_ []: ng sut cho phep cua thep khng g
kt
[ k ] = ( N / m 2 ) (XIII.1/355 II)
nb

[ k ] = c
t

(N/m2) (XIII.2/356 II)

nc
Trong o : _ la h s hiu =1 (XIII.2/356.II)
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 29

bn, gii han chay

_ nb, nC: la h s an toan theo gii han

(XIII.3/356.II).
nk = 2,6 ; nC = 1,5

_ tk, tC: gii han bn khi keo,gii han bn

khi chay tra

ta

Chng luyn lin tuc

co

trong bang (XII.4/310.II) ng vi thep X18H10T

s
liu
t
day 1 3 mm, k= 540.106 N/m2 , tC =

220.106 N/m2
Vy ng sut cho phep:
6
[ k ] = k = 540.10 = 270,7.10 6 ( N / m 2 )
nk
2,6

[ c ] = c = 220.10
nc

1,5

= 146,67.10 6 ( N / m 2 )

Vy [ ] nhn gia tr nho hn [ c ] = 146,67.106 (N/m2)

_ P = Pl+ Pmt
Pl : ap sut thuy tnh Pl = x gH
H = 17,38 (m) : chiu cao thap
x: khi lng ring cua cht long trong thap,
kg/m3

xtb + ' xtb 771,472 + 802,83

=
= 787,15(kg / m 3 )
2
2
P1 = 787,15 9,81 17,38 = 134207,34( N / m 2 )
Pmt = Pkk =101325(N/m2)=1,0133at
P = 134207,34 + 101325 = 235532,34 (N/m2)
Dt P
Dt
S=
+C =
+C
Vy chiu day thep c xac nh:
2[ ]
2[ ] P
1
P
(m)
2.[ ] 146,67.10 6.0,9
=
= 560,45 >>1 nn co th bo qua 1
V:
P
235532,34
1,0
S=
+ 1,22.10 3 = 3,004.10 3 (m)
560,45
Chon S = 4 (mm)
Kim tra ng sut cua thanh theo ap sut th Po ( dung
nc ). Ap sut th c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Po = P1 + Pth
Pth : ap sut thuy lc ly theo bang XIII.5/358.II
Pth = 1,5 P =1,5 235532,34 = 353298,51 (N/m2)
Po = 353298,51 + 134207,34 = 487505,85 (N/m2)
x =

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 30

Chng luyn lin tuc

Xac nh ng sut th thn thit b theo cng thc

XIII.26/365.II
[ D + ( S C )] Po = 1,0 + (4 1,22).10 3 .487505,85 = 97,69.10 6
= t
(N/m2)
2.( S C )
2.(4 1,22).10 3.0,9

c 220.10 6
=
= 183.33.10 6 ( N / m 2 )
1,2
1,2
Vy S = 4 (mm) thoa man iu kin .
III.
Tnh ay va np thit b
<

Np va ay thit b lam cung loai vt liu vi thn thit

b,chon ay va np thit b co g. Vi D= 1,0 m da vao
bang XIII.10/382.II. Ta co :

Chiu cao phn li ra : hb= 0,25.D =300 mm

Chiu cao cua g:

h = 25 mm

Chiu day ay va np ay va np c xac nh theocng

thc (XIII.47/385.II):
Dt P
D
S=
t + C ,(m)
3,8[ ] k h P 2hb
Trong o: _ k la h s khng th nguyn, chon k= 1 (k= 1- d/D )
_ h la h s bn cua mi han hng tm, co h
=0,95 (bang XIII.8/362.II)
Ta xet ai lng :
[ ] k = 146,67 10 6 1 0,95 = 591,58 > 30
h
P
235532,34
nn co th bo qua P mu s trong cng thc tnh S
D2
1
1,0 2
1
S=

+C =

+ C = 0,89.10 3 + C
=>
(m)
[ ] k h 2hb
3,8 591,58 2 0,25
3,8
P
Ta co : Sthap - C = 4 -1,22 = 2,78 mm < 10 mm => b sung thm
2mm vao gia tr C ban u tnh.
Vy b day ay, np la: S = 0,89 + 1,22 + 2= 4,11 mm
Chon S = 5 (mm)
Kim tra ng sut thanh theo ap sut th ( XIII.49/387.II)
2
3
Dt2 + 2hb ( S C ) Po 1,0 + 2 0,25 (5 3,22) 10 487505,85
=
=
7,6.k . h .hb .( S C )
7,6 1 0,95 0,25 (5 3,22) 10 3
= 151,87.106 (N/m2)

< c = 183,33.10 6 ( N / m 2 )
1,2
Vy S = 5 mm thoa man iu kin
IV. Tnh b day lp cach nhit:
tranh tn tht nhit cho mi trng xung quanh, am
bao cho qua trnh chng luyn at hiu sut cao nht th ta
phai trang b cho thap chng luyn mt lp cach nhit .

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 31

Chng luyn lin tuc

Chon vt liu cach nhit bng bng thuy tinh co h s

dn nhit nho vi :
= 0,0372 (W/m)
= 200(kg / m 3 )
Thng s thn thap : (XII.7/313/II)
H s dn nhit cua thep X18H10T la =16,3
(W/m)
Chiu day thn thap = 4 mm = 4.10-3 m
Nhit khng kh : T2 = 25oC
t +t
60,9 + 67,5
= 64,2 o C
Nhit trung bnh thap : t o = tbC tbL =
2
2
Chp nhn qua trnh truyn nhit trn la qua trnh truyn
nhit n nh . Xem nhit truyn t bn trong ra ngoai theo
tng phng nhiu lp .
Chp nhn nhit mt ngoai cua lp cach nhit t1 =
35oC
Tnh tn tht nhit ra mi trng xung quanh theo cng
thc :
q 2 = 2 .t 2 (W/m2)
2 - h s cp nhit bng bc xa va i lu
t b mt lp cach nhit
ra mi trng khng kh, c tnh theo cng
thc V-135 /41.II
2 = 9,3 + 0,058t 2 (W/m2)
t2 - hiu s nhit gia tng bn ngoai
cua thit b vi mi trng
t 2 = 35 25 = 10 o C 2 = 9,3 + 0,058 10 = 9,88 (W/m2)
q 2 = 2 t 2 = 9,88 10 = 98,8(W / m 2 )
Nhit lng truyn t trong thap ra mt ngoai lp cach
nhit :
q1 = Kt1 (W / m 2 )
K : h s truyn nhit, W/m2.
t1 : Hiu s nhit gia nhit trong thap va
nhit mt ngoai thap
V truyn nhit n nh nn q1 = q2 = q .
q
98,8
K= 1 =
= 3,383 (W/m2 )
t1 64,2 35
th cn
+
Mt khac : K = rcn +
th cn
Theo bang V-1 / 4.II ta co: rcan = 0,387 10 3 (m2 /W)

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 32

Chng luyn lin tuc

1
1

4.10 3
0,0372 = 0,01097 (m)
cn = rcan + th cn =
0,387.10 3 +
K

3
,
383
16
,
3

th

Vy chon b day lp cach nhit cn = 11 (mm)

V.
Tnh ng knh ng dn
1. Dng knh ng dn san phm nh:
ng knh ng dn san phm nh c tnh theo cng
thc II-36 / 369.I:
4V
V
d=
=
(m)

0.785
V : lu lng th tch san phm nh (m3/s)
: vn tc trung bnh cua lu th. Chon vn
tc hi i trong ng
la = 20 m/s.(II.2/369.I)
Lu lng san phm nh : gd =1308,74(kg/h)
3
Khi lng ring san phm nh ytb = 2,291(kg / m )
V =

gd
1308,74
=
= 571,253( m 3 / h) = 0,1587(m 3 / s )
ytb
2,391

0,1587
= 0,1(m)
0,785 20
Vy chon d = 100 (mm)
2. ng knh ng dn hn hp u:
d =

4V
V
=
( m)

0,785
- Lu lng hn hp u : Gd = 3291,67(kg/h) =48,096
(kg/s)
- Khi lng ring hn hp u c tnh theo cng
thc :
a
1 aF
1
= F +
x A
B
aF = 0,405 (phn khi lng)
A , B : khi lng ring cua Axeton va Benzen nhit
tF=64,8oC
Tra bang I-2/9.I bng phng phap ni suy ta co :
A64,8 = 739,52(kg / m 3 )
B64,8 = 830,96(kg / m 3 )
x = 791,33(kg / m 3 )
3291,67
= 4,16 (m 3 / h) = 1,155.10 3 (m 3 / s)
Vy V =
791,33
Tng t ta co : d =

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 33

Chng luyn lin tuc

Do hn hp t chay vao thap nn chon = 0,1

(m/s) theo bang II-2/ 369.I
1,155.10 3
= 0,1213 (m) = 122 mm
0,785 0,1
3. ng knh ng dn san phm ay:
4V
V
d=
=
(m)

0.785
Gw

V =
x

= 0,1(m / s )

Lu lng san phm ay : GW = 1982,93(kg/h) = 0,551

(kg/s)
Khi lng ring san phm ay tnh theo cng thc
sau :
a
1 aw
1
= w +
x A
B
aW = 0,042 ( phn khi lng)
A , B : khi lng ring cua Axeton va Benzen nhit
tW =78oC
Tra bang I-2/ 9.I & bng phng phap ni suy ta co :
A78 = 721,7( kg / m 3 )
d =

B 78 = 817,1(kg / m 3 )
3
Vy x = 812,6(kg / m )
1982,93
= 2,44(m 3 / h) = 0,68.10 3 ( m 3 / s )
=> V =
812,6
0,68.10 3
= 0,093 (m) = 93 mm
0,785 0,1
4. ng knh ng hi lu
4V
V
d=
=
( m)

0,785
Lu lng hi lu : GRx=P.Rx=1308,74 3,458 =4525,62
( kg/h)
Hn hp t chay vao thap nn ta chon = 0,1(m/s)
Khi lng ring san phm hi lu c tnh theo cng
thc sau:
a
1 aP
1
= P +
x A
B
aP = 0,955 ( phn khi lng)
d =

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 34

Chng luyn lin tuc

A , B : khi lng ring cua Axeton va Benzen

nhit tP =57oC
A57 = 749,3(kg / m 3 )
B57 = 839,3(kg / m 3 )
3
Vy x = 756,74(kg / m )
G Rx 4525,62
=
= 5,98( m 3 / h) = 1,66.10 3 (m 3 / s )
=> V =
x
756,74
1,66.10 3
= 0,145(m) = 145 mm
0,785 0,1
VI.
MT BCH :
Chon kiu bch (XIII.20/408.II)
1. Bch ni thit b :
T ng knh trong cua thap da vao bang ( XIII.27/420.II)
ta chon bch kiu 4 ni cac oan cua thn thap, ni thn
vi ay va np ( Po = 487505,85 (N/m2))
S liu cua bch c cho bang sau :
d =

Kch thc ni (mm)

Bulng
Db
D1
D0
db
Z

Py.10
6

N/m
0,6

Dt
mm

1000 1140 1090 1060 1013

M20

Kiu bch
4

28

h1

30

2. Bch ni thit b vi ng dn :
Chon mt bch kiu 1 cho cac ng dn theo bang
(XIII.26/412.II):
Dt
D1
Dy

db

Dn
D

ng dn

Dy, Dn,
mm m
m

San phm 100

ay
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

10
8

Kch thc ng
ni
D,m
D1
D
m
,mm
,mm
205
170
148

Bulng
db
,mm
M16

Z
(cai)
4

h,
m
m
14

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 35

Chng luyn lin tuc

(d=93)
San phm 125
nh
(d=100)
Hn hp 125
u
(d=122)
Long hi 150
lu
(d=145)

13
3

235

200

178

M16

14

13
3

235

200

178

M16

14

15
9

260

225

202

M16

16

V.

KCH THC A PHN PHI VA LI M

Theo bang IX.22/230.II, vi ng knh trong cua thap chng
luyn Dt = 1,0 (m) =1000 (mm) ta co kch thc sau :
- ng knh a : Dd = 600 (mm)
- ng dn cht long : d S = 44,5 2,5 (mm) ; bc ng t =
70 ; s lng ng dn loai 2 la 40 ng ; chiu day a loai 2
la 4 (mm)
- Li m : ng knh li la DL = 980 (mm) ; chiu
rng cua bc li
b = 41,5 (mm).
VII. CA NI THIT B VI NG DN
ng dn ni vi thit b thng qua mi ghep thao c
hoc khng thao c. i vi mi ghep thao c ngi ta
lam oan ng ni , o la oan ng ngn co mt bch hay
ren ni ng . Loai mt bch thng dung ni vi ng co
Dy > 10 mm ; loai ren thng ni ng co Dy < 10 mm . Chiu
dai oan ng ni xac nh theo bang XIII- 32/434.II nh sau:
ng knh ngChiu dai oan ng ni(mm)
93 (mm)
150
100
150
122
175
145
175
VIII. TAI TREO VA CHN THIT B
1 - Khi lng toan thap
Khi lng cua thap bao gm tng khi lng cua thn
thap, ay, np, lp cach nhit, cht long trong thap, bch va
a.
a- Khi lng thn thap:
Thn thap lam bng thep X18H10T co khi lng ring la
7900(kg/m3) gm co thn thn thap , phn g d cua ay va
np thap :
- Vo thap co b day 4 mm ; Dt = 1000 mm; Dn = 1004 mm ;
chiu cao H = 17,38 m
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 36

Chng luyn lin tuc

Do o khi lng toan thn thap :

H 2
.17,38
M1 =
Dn Dt2 = 7900
1,004 2 1,0 2 = 864,42(kg )
4
4
- Phn g d cua ay va np :
H2 = 2.h =2 30 = 60 (mm) = 0,06(m)
Suy ra khi lng phn g d :
H
0,06.
M 1' = 2 Dn2 Dt2 = 7900
(1,004 2 1,0 2 ) = 3(kg )
4
4
b- Khi lng ay va np thap : vi b day 5mm ; g 30
mm c cho trong bang XIII.11/384.II:
M2 = 14 1,01 2=28,28 (kg)
c- Khi lng lp cach nhit :
H
M 3 = 3
( D' 2n D' t2 )
4
Vi cn = 11 mm ; suy ra : Dn= 1015 mm ; Dt = 1004 mm
17,38
M 3 = 200
(1,015 2 1,004 2 ) = 60,6(kg )
4
d - Khi lng cht long trong thap :
thun li cho vic tnh toan, ngi ta chp nhn cht
long chim toan b thap bo qua phn chim cua m vi
khi lng ring cua long ln nht : max = x = 812,6(kg / m 3 ) .
Vy khi lng long la:
HDt2
17,38 1,0 2
M 4 = max
= 812,6
= 11092,2(kg )
4
4
e - Tng khi lng bch:
* Khi lng cac bch ni thn, np va ay :

2
2
m1 = n D 2 ( Dt + 2 S ) .h = 3.7900. . 1,140 2 (1,0 + 2.0,004) .0,03 = 158,25( kg )
4
4
Vi : n = 3(s bch) ; D = 1140 mm ; Dt = 1,0m ;S = 0,004 m ; h =
0,03m
* Khi lng cac bch ni ng dn vi thn thap :
- Bch ni ng dn hn hp u vao thap:

2
md = .( D 2 Dn ).h. = (0,235 2 0,133 2 ).0,014.7900 = 3,26kg
4
4
Vy khi lng cp bch nay :
m2 = 2.3,26 = 6,52 kg
- Bch ni ng dn hi ra khoi nh thap :

m3 = 2. .(0,235 2 0,133 2 ).0,014.7900 = 6,52kg

4
- Bch ni ng dn dung dch ay :

m4 = 2. .(0,205 2 0,108 2 ).0,014.7900 = 5,27 kg

4
- Bch ni ng dn long hi lu :

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 37

Chng luyn lin tuc

.(0,260 2 0,159 2 ).0,016.7900 = 8,4kg

4
Vy tng khi lng cac loai bch ni thn, np, ay va
ng dn :
M5 = m1 +m2 +m3 +m4 +m5 = 181,7 kg
m5 = 2.

f- Khi lng m :
Mt cach gn ung xem m y thap.
oan luyn:
3
Khi lng ring m : d = 640( kg / m ) (193/II)
Suy ra khi lng m oan luyn:

M l = d HDt2 = 640. .12,4.1,0 2 = 6229,76(kg )

4
4
oan chng: =570 (kg/m3)

M c = d H c Dt2 = 570. .4,374.1,0 2 = 1957,15(kg )

4
4
M6 =5229,76 + 1957,15 =8186,9 (kg)
Vy tai trong cua toan thap :
M = M1 + M1 + M2 + M3 + M4 + M5 + M6 = 19552,5(kg)
2- Tai treo, chn
Do chiu cao thap ln nn ta dung 3 tai treo, tai trong trn
mi tai treo la:
19552,5
9,81 = 63936,7 (N)
M=
3
Chon tai treo (VIII-36/438.II):
L
B
B1
H
S
l
a
d
270
240
240
420
14
120
25
34
CHNG IV :

TNH THIT B PHU

I - TNH THIT B UN SI HN HP U:
i vi qua trnh chng luyn, nng cao hiu qua lam
vic th hn hp u thng a vao thap trang thai long
si (xet n anh hng cua trang thai nhit ng) nhm tao
ra s tip xuc tt gia 2 pha long - hi. iu nay c thc
hin nh thit b un si hn hp u .
Da trn cac tiu chun kinh t, ky thut ta chon thit b
un nong kiu ng chum. Tac nhn un nong la hi nc bao
hoa v no co h s cp nhit ln va n nhit ngng tu cao.
1 - Din bin cua qua trnh :
Trong thc t nhit lng bao gi cung truyn t ni co
nhit cao n ni co nhit thp. Vi thit b ma ta
tnh th nhit lng truyn t pha hi bao hoa co nhit
t01 vao pha dung dch si co nhit t02. Ta ky hiu nhit
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 38

Chng luyn lin tuc

lng truyn qua mt n v b mt ng truyn nhit la q

(W/m2). Qua trnh truyn nhit c m ta nh sau: nhit
lng q1 t pha hi ngng tu co h s cp nhit 1
(W/m2.), nhit t1 truyn qua lp mang nc ngng co
nhit tm, qua lp cn bam vao thanh (t0c1). Ri qua ng
truyn nhit (=3mm) co nhit thanh ngoai la tT1 va nhit
thanh trong la tT2, qua lp cn trong cui cung n cht
long si co h s cp nhit la 2, nhit t02. Ky hiu nhit
lng truyn n q2 (W/m2).
Lu lng hn hp u : F = 3291,67 kg/h = 48,096
kmol/h
Thanh phn khi lng: aF = 0,405 (phn khi
lng)
Thanh phn mol : xF = 0,478 (phn mol)
Hi nc bao hoa : 99,1oC (hi) 99,1oC (long), ap sut
P= 1 atm
Hn hp u :
250C (long ngui) 64,80C (long si )
Hiu s nhit gia cht tai
nhit va lu th:
T1 = 99,1 25 = 74,1o C

T
T1d

T
99,10C

T2 = 99,1 64,8 = 34,3O C

Hiu s nhit trung bnh tnh
theo hiu s nhit trung bnh logarit
T1
> 2:
v:
T2
T T2 74,1 34,3
Ttb = 1
=
= 51,72 o C
T
74,1
2,3 lg
2,3 lg 1
34,3
T2
2 -Tnh lng nhit trung bnh truyn qua mt n v
b mt ng truyn nhit:
a- H s cp nhit cua hi nc ngng tu bn ngoai
thanh ng : 1
0 , 25

1 = 2,04 A
(V.101/ 28.II).
Ht1
Trong o
r : n nhit ngng tu cua hi nc bao hoa 99,1oC,
r = 2264.103 J/kg
.
(bang I-250/ 312.I)
H : chiu cao ng : chon H = 1,5 m
t1 : hiu s nhit gia hi nc ngng va thanh
ngoai ng, t1 = t1 - tT1
chon t1 = 1oC tT1 = 99,1-2= 97,1 oC
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

T1c

 an mn hoc

Trang 39

Chng luyn lin tuc

A : h s phu thuc vao nhit mang tm__:

2t t1 2 99,1 1
=
= 98,6 o C
Vi : t m = 1
2
2
A = 178,3 (bang trang 29.II)
0 , 25

2264.10 3

1 = 2,04 178,3
= 12749,05 (W/m2)
1

1
,
5

q1 = 1 t1 = 12749,05 1 = 12749,05(W / m 2 )
b- Tnh h s cp nhit cho hn hp : 2
N
- Tnh 2 = u
d
Trong o :
: H s dn nhit cua hn hp Ttb = 99,1-51,72
= 47,38oC, c tnh theo cng thc sau:
= a F 1 + (1 a F ) 2 vi aF = 0,405 (phn khi
lng)
1 , 2 : h s dn nhit cua Axeton va Benzen
o
47,38 C
1 = 0,165 (W/m.) (bang I.130/134.I)
2 = 0,139 (W/m.) (bang I.130/134.I)
= 0,149 (W/m.)
Chon ng knh ng d = 0,02m =20mm
Chun s Nu c tnh theo cng thc (V-40/14.II) trong
trng hp cp nhit khi dong chay xoay trong ng :
0 , 25

Pr

N u = 0,021 1 Re Pr
Prt
1 : h s hiu chnh tnh n anh hng cua ty s
gia chiu dai va ng
knh ng. Vi Re = 104, theo bang V-2/15.II ta co :
l
1,5
=
= 75 1 = 1
d 0,02
Prt :Chun s Prant cua dong tnh theo nhit trung
bnh cua tng. V chnh lch nhit gia thanh ng va
0 ,8

0 , 43

0.25

P
dong nho nn r = 1
Prt
Chun s Prant c xac nh theo cng thc V35/12.II
C
Pr =

C : nhit dung ring cua hn hp u 47,38 oC:

C = aF CA + (1-aF)CB
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 40

Chng luyn lin tuc

CA , CB : nhit dung ring cua Axeton va Benzen 47,38 oC

theo Bang I.154 /171.I :
C A47 ,38 = 2264 (J/kg.)
C B47 ,38 = 1863,7 (J/kg.)
aF = 0,405 (phn khi lng)
C = 2025,85 (J/kg.)
: nht cua hn hp 47,38 oC:
lg = x F lg A + (1 x F ) lg B
Vi : xF = 0,478 (phn mol)
A , B la nht cua Axeton va Benzen 47,38 oC,
theo bang I.101/91.I
A = 0,2488.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
B = 0,4507.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
= 0,3542.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
Do o : Pr =

C 2025,85 0,3592.10 3
=
= 4,82

0,149

( )

0 ,8

N u = 0,021 1 10 4 (4,82) 0, 43 1 = 65,45

N u 65,45 0,149
=
= 487,7 (W/m2)
Vy : 2 =
d
0,02
- Tm t 2 :
t 2 = t T 2 t 2
ma: t T 2 = t T 1 t T
Ta co chnh lch nhit tng : t T = r.q1
Trong o: r = r1 + r2 + r3
r1 : nhit tr cua cn bn mt trong: r1 = 0,116.10-3
(m2/W)
(bang V.1/4.II)
r2 : nhit tr thanh ng (lam bng thep khng g
40XFA) co b day
= 0,002m = 2mm ; = 52,4 (W/m)

0,002
=
= 0,038.10 3 (m2/W)
52,4
r3 : nhit tr cua nc: r3 = 0,3.10-3 (m2/W) (Vr2 =

1/4.II)
r = 0,454.10 3 (m2/W)
t T = 12749,05 0,454.10 3 = 5,79 o C t T 2 = 98,1 5,79 = 92,3 0 C
t 2 = 92,3 64,8 = 27,5 o C
q 2 = 2 t 2 = 487,7 27,5 = 13417,57(W / m 2 )
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 41

q1 q 2

12749,05 13417,57

= 0,049 = 4,9 %< 5%

13417,57
q + q 2 12749,05 + 13417,57
q tb = 1
=
= 13083,31(W / m 2 )
2
2
q2

Chng luyn lin tuc

3- Tnh b mt truyn nhit :

F=

Q
qtb

Q : chnh la lng nhit do hi nc bao hoa cp cho hn

hp u no tng nhit t 250C n 64,8 0C :
Q = G F CT
C =2025,85 (J/kg.)
GF = 3291,67(kg/h) =0,91 (kg/s)
T = 64,8 25 = 39,8 o C
Q = 2025,85 0,91 39,8 = 73372,2(W )
Vy b mt truyn nhit :
F=

Q
73372,2
=
= 5,61(m 2 )
qtb 13083,31

S ng trao i nhit :
n=

F
5,61
=
= 69,54 (ng)
dH 0,02 1,5

Theo bang V.11/48.II, ta chon s ng la 61 va sp xp theo

hnh 6 canh u th ta b tr 61 ng thanh 4 vong sau canh
vi s ng trn ng cheo chnh cua hnh 6 canh la 9 ng .
Theo cng thc V.140/49.II th ng knh trong cua thit b
c tnh :
D = t.(b -1) + 4.dn , m
Vi
dn : ng knh ngoai cua ng truyn nhit
dn = 0,02 + 0,002.2 = 0,024 m
t : bc ng , t = 1,2.dn = 0,0288 m
b: s ng trn ng cheo chnh cua hnh sau
canh , b = 9
=>
D = 0,0288 (9-1) + 4 0,024 = 0,3326 m.
Chon D = 0,4 m.
Vy thit b co ng knh trong la 400 mm, gm 61 ng
xp theo hnh luc giac u gm 5 vong. Mi ng dai 1,5 m,
ng knh trong 0,02 m, day 0,002 m .
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 42

Chng luyn lin tuc

II - TNH VA CHON BM :
vn chuyn hn hp u t b cha ln thung cao v,
ta phai s dung bm thuy lc. Trong iu kin nng sut va
yu cu v kinh t, ky thut vn chuyn hn hp
Benzen - Axtn nhit mi trng ta chon bm ly tm. Loai
bm nay co nhng u im sau:
- Vn chuyn cht long lin tuc va u n .
- Co s vong quay ln, co th truyn ng trc tip t
ng c in
- Co th bm c nhng cht long bn va nhiu cht
long khac nhau
- Khng co suppape nn t b tc va h hong
1- Tnh nng sut th tch bm
Hn hp u 25o C co lu lng GF = 3291,67(kg/h) ng
GF
vi nng sut cua bm la : Q =

: khi lng ring cua hn hp u 25oC, c

tnh theo cng thc :
a
1 aF
1
= F25 +
A
B25
aF = 0,405 (phn khilng)
A25 , B25 : khi lng ring cua Axeton va Benzen
25oC, tra bang
I-12/ 9.I ta co :
25
A = 785,25(kg / m 3 )
B25 = 873,75(kg / m 3 )
25 = 837,9(kg / m 3 )
Vy nng sut th tch cua bm la :
3291,67
Q=
= 3,93(m 3 / h) = 1,1 10 3 (m 3 / s )
837,9
- ng knh ng cua bm c tnh theo II-36/369.I :
V
d=
0,785
: vn tc cua cht long trong ng, theo bang II-2/
369.I
ta chon =1,5m/s
1,1.10 3
= 0,0304(m) = 31( mm)
Do o : d =
0,785 1,5
2- Tnh ap sut toan phn cua bm :
Ap sut toan phn cua bm c tnh theo h thng cng
thc II- 53/376.I :
P = Pd + Pm + PC + PH + Pk
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 43

Chng luyn lin tuc

Pd : ap sut ng lc hoc
Pm : ap sut khc phuc lc ma sat khi dong chay
n nh trong ng thng
PC : ap sut cn thit khc phuc tr lc cuc
b
PH : ap sut nng cht long ln cao hoc khc
phuc ap sut thuy tnh
Pk : ap sut b sung khi cn thit
a - Tnh ap sut ng lc hoc Pd :

2
, N/m2
2
Vi = 837,9(kg / m 3 ) la khi lng ring cua hn hp u
Theo cng thc II-54/376.I : Pd =

25oC

: vn tc cht long, theo trn = 1,5(m/s)

1,5 2
Pd = 837,9
= 942,6 (N/m 2 )
2
b - Tnh ap sut khc phuc tr lc ma sat Pm :
L
Theo cng thc II-55/376.I : m = Pd , N/m2
d
Vi L : chiu dai ng dn : chon L = 12m
d: ng knh ng tng ng : d = 0,03 m = 30mm
: h s ma sat phu thuc vao nhn cua thanh
ng va ch cua cht long, phu thuc vao Re :
d
Re =

: nht cua hn hp u 25oC, tnh theo cng

thc:
lg = x F lg A + (1 x F ) lg B
xF =0,478 (phn mol)
A25 = 0,358.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 ) (trang91/I)
B25 = 0,6.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
= 0,487.10 3 ( Ns / m 2 )
1,5 0,03 837,9
Re =
= 77434
0,487.10 3
Re > 104 nn cht long chay xoay.
- Tnh chun s Rynn gii han cua khu vc nhn thuy
lc Regh :
8

Re gh

d 7
= 6

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 44

Chng luyn lin tuc

Vi : nham tuyt i, tra bang II -15/ 381.II vi

iu kin ng mi, khng han: = 0,08 ( mm ) = 0,08 .10 3 ( m)
8

0,03 7
Re gh = 6
= 5246,88
3
0,08.10
Tnh chun s Rynn khi bt u xut hin vung nham
Ren :
9
8

9
8

0,03
d
= 173064,4
Re n = 220 = 220
3

0,08.10
Re gh < Re < Re n nn h s ma sat phu thuc vao chun
s Rynn va nham cua thanh ng, tnh theo II.64/379.I :
0 , 25

0 , 25

100
0,08.10 3
100

= 0,11,46 +
= 0,11,46
+
= 0,0268

d
Re
0
,
03
77434

12
Pm = 0,0268
942,6 = 10104,7( Ns / m 2 )
0,03
c - Tnh tn tht ap sut do tr lc cuc b PC :
Theo cng thc II- 56/377.I:
L
2
2
PC =
= td
2
d td
2
: h s tr lc cuc b cua h thng ng gm :
2 oan ng dai 1m ; 1 oan ng dai 10m ; hai khuyu ghep
vung goc co h s tr lc 1 ; mt van chn trc ng
y iu chnh lu lng co h s tr lc 2 ; mt van
mt chiu co h s tr lc 3 ; u vao thung cao v co h
s tr lc 4 .
- Tnh 1 : khuyu ghep vung goc hai khuyu 45 o tao thanh,
theo bang II -16.N029/ 394.I chon ty s:
a
= 0,6 1 = 0,38
b
- Tnh 2 :
Chon van tiu chun, theo bang II-16 N037/397.I taco:
4,9 8
2 = 8 + 10
= 6,45
20
- Tnh 3 :
Chon van mt chiu kiu co a khng nh hng pha
di vi cac thng s sau:
h : chiu cao h cua van ; b: chiu rng vanh a :
chon h = b = 3.10-3m
Do : ng knh ng dn trc van (Do = 0,03m)
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

Trang 45

Chng luyn lin tuc

o : tc dong tai mt ct trc van

b
3.10 3
=
= 0,1
Ta co :
Do
0,03
Theo bang II.16_ N047, N0 48/400.I , xac nh , nh
sau:

= 0,55
= 15,5
3 = + = 15,5 + 0,55 = 16,05
- Tnh 4 :

b
= 0,05;
= 0,1
Chon
d td
d td
Theo bang II -16N0 8 /384.I :
4 = 0,5
Vy tng tr lc cuc b cua h thng ng dn :
= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 0,38 + 6,45 + 16,05 + 0,5 = 23,38
PC = Pd = 23,38 942,6 = 22038( N / m 2 )
d - Tnh ap sut nng cht long ln cao PH :
Theo cng thc II -57/377.I :
PH = gH
H : chiu cao nng cht long hoc ct cht long : H = 20

m
PH = 837,9 9,81 20 = 164395,98( N / m 2 )
ap sut toan phn do bm tao ra cn thit khc
phuc moi sc can thuy lc :
P = Pd + Pm + PC + PH
= 942,6 + 10104,7 + 22038 + 164395,98 = 197481,28
3- Cng sut cua bm va ng c in :
Chiu cao toan phn H bm cn tao ra :
P 197481,28
H=
=
= 24,03(m)
g 9,81 837,9
- Cng sut yu cu trn truc cua bm oc tnh theo cng
thc II -189/439.I :
QgH
N=
1000
: hiu sut cua bm : chon = 0,85
Q = 1,1.10-3 (m3/s)
1,1.10 3 9,81 837,9 11,02
N=
= 0,2556(kW )
1000 0,85
- Cng sut cua ng c in c tnh theo cng thc :

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

N dc =

Trang 46

Chng luyn lin tuc

N
tr dc

tr : hiu sut truyn ng chon tr = 0,95

dc : hiu sut ng c : dc = 0,75
0,2556
N dc =
= 0,3587(kW )
0,95 0,75
Thng thng chon ng c in co cng sut thc t
N dctt = N dc
ln hn cng sut tnh toan .
: h s d tr cng sut :
Theo bang II-33/439.I vi Ndc < 1 ta chon = 2
N dctt = 2 0,3587 = 0,7174( KW )
Vy cng sut bm : N = 0,2556 (KW)
Cng sut ng c :Ndc = 0,7174 (KW)
Nh vy da vao cac thng s cua bm ta co th chon
loai bm li tm 2X-6H-3a co ap sut toan phn la 31m, nng
sut 20 m3/h, s vong quay 1150 vong/phut, nhit cht
long< 60 0C.(bang II.39/447.I)

TAI LIU THAM KHAO

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai
ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :

 an mn hoc

I.

II.

III.
IV.

Trang 47

Chng luyn lin tuc

C s cac qua trnh va thit b trong cng ngh hoa

hoc, tp 1
(Nha xut ban ai hoc va trung hoc chuyn nghip
1978)
C s cac qua trnh va thit b trong cng ngh hoa
hoc, tp 2
(Nha xut ban ai hoc va trung hoc chuyn nghip
1978)
S tay cac qua trnh va thit b trong cng ngh hoa
hoc, tp 1
(Nha xut ban khoa hoc ky thut Ha Ni 1978)
S tay cac qua trnh va thit b trong cng ngh hoa
hoc, tp 2
(Nha xut ban khoa hoc ky thut Ha Ni 1978)

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

ThS. L Th Nh Y

GVHD :