Lời mở dầu- tritai

o an mon hoc
GVHD: Thay Mai Thanh Phong
LI M AU
Cong nghe hoa hoc la mot trong nhng nganh ong
gop rat ln trong s phat trien cua nen cong nghiep
nc ta noi rieng va cong nghiep the gioi noi chung .Trong nganh
san xuat hoa chat cung nh s dung san pham hoa hoc,
nhu cau s dung nguyen lieu co o tinh khiet cao phai
phu hp vi qui trnh san xuat hoac nhu cau s dung.
Ngay nay, cac phng phap c su dung e nang cao
o tinh khiet la: chng cat, trch ly, co ac, hap thu .Tuy
theo ac tnh san pham ma ta la chon phng phap thch
hp. He methanol nc la 2 cau t tan lan hoan toan, ta
dung phng phap chng cat e nang cao o tinh khiet cho
methanol.
o an mon hoc Qua trnh va Thiet b la mot mon hoc
mang tnh tong hp trong qua trnh hoc tap cua cac ky s
hoa- th c pham tng lai. Mon hoc giup sinh vien giai quyet
nhiem vu tnh toan cu the ve: yeu cau cong nghe, ket
cau, gia thanh cua mot thiet b trong san xuat hoa chat
- thc pham. ay la bc au tien e sinh vien van dung
nhng kien thc a hoc cua nhieu mon hoc vao giai quyet
nhng van e ky thuat thc te mot cach tong hp.
Em chan thanh cam n thay Mai Thanh Phong va cac qu thay
co bo mon May & Thiet B, cac ban sinh vien a giup em
hoan thanh o an nay. Tuy nhien, trong qua trnh hoan
thanh o an khong the khong co sai sot, em rat mong qu
thay co gop y, ch dan.
Tp HCM, ngay 18.1.2010
Trang 3
o an mon hoc
CHNG 1
Tong quan
I.
Gii thieu ve nguyen lieu

1. Methanol
Methanol con goi la ru go, co cong thc hoa hoc
CH3OH. La chat long khong mau, de bay hi va rat oc. Cac
thong so cua methanol:
- Phan t lng: 32,04 g/mol.
- Khoi lng rieng: 0,7918 g/cm3.
- Nhiet o nong chay: -97oC (176K).
- Nhiet o soi: 64,5oC ( 337,8K).
- o nht: 0,59 Ns/m2 20oC.
1.1. ng dung
Methanol c dung lam chat chong ong, lam dung
moi, lam nhien lieu cho ong c ot trong, nhng ng dung
ln nhat la lam nguyen lieu e san xuat cac hoa chat
khac.
Khoang 40% metanol c chuyen thanh forml dehyde,
t o san xuat ra chat deo, snCac hoa chat khac c
dan xuat t metanol bao gom dimeylete
1.2. San xuat
Methanol c sinh ra t s trao oi chat yem kh
cua 1 vai loai vi khuan. Ket qua la 1 lng nho hi methanol
c tao thanh trong khong kh. Va sau vai ngay khong kh co
cha methanol se b oxy hoa bi O2 di tac dung cua anh
sang chuyen thanh CO2 va H2O theo phng trnh:
2CH3OH +
3O2
2CO2 + 4H2O
Hien nay methanol c san xuat bang cach tong
hp trc tiep t H2 va CO, gia nhiet ap suat thap co mat
chat xuc tac.
2. Nc
Trong ieu kien bnh thng: nc la chat long khong
mau, khong mui, khong v nhng khoi nc day se co mau
xanh nhat.
Khi hoa ran no co the ton tai dang 5 dang tinh the
khac nhau.
Tnh chat vat ly:
- Khoi lng phan t : 18 g / mol
- Khoi lng rieng d4oC : 1 g / ml
- Nhiet o nong chay
: 00C
- Nhiet o soi
: 1000 C
Nc la hp chat chiem phan ln tren trai at (3/4 dien
tch trai at la nc bien) va rat can thiet cho s song.
Trang 4
o an mon hoc
Nc la dung moi phan cc manh, co kha nang hoa tan
nhieu chat va la dung moi rat quan trong trong ky thuat hoa
hoc.
3. Hon hp Methanol-nc
Ta co bang can bang long-hi cho hon hp methanolnc 1 atm
Bang 1
92, 87, 81,
75, 73, 71, 69, 67,
toC 100
78
66
3
7
7
3
1
2
3
5
x
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
26,
8
41,
8
57,
9
66,
5
72,
9
77,
9
82,
5
87
91,
5
95,
8
64,
5
10
0
10
0
ay
x la thanh phan long
y la thanh phan hi
Ly thuyet ve chng cat:

1. Khai niem:
Chng cat la qua trnh dung e tach cac cau t cua
mot hon hp long (cung nh hon hp kh long) thanh cac
cau t rieng biet da vao o bay hi khac nhau cua cac cau
t trong hon hp (ngha la khi cung mot nhiet o, ap suat
hi bao hoa cua cac cau t khac nhau).
Thay v a vao trong hon hp mot pha mi e tao nen
s tiep xuc gia hai pha nh trong qua trnh hap thu hoac nha
kh, trong qua trnh chng cat pha mi c tao nen bang s
boc hi hoac ngng tu.
Trong trng hp n gian nhat, chng cat va co ac
khong khac g nhau, tuy nhien gia hai qua trnh nay co mot
ranh gii c ban la trong qua trnh chng cat dung moi va chat
tan eu bay hi (ngha la cac cau t eu hien dien trong ca
hai pha nhng vi ty le khac nhau), con trong qua trnh co ac
th ch co dung moi bay hi con chat tan khong bay hi.
Khi chng cat ta thu c nhieu cau t va thng th
he co bao nhieu cau t se thu c bay nhieu san pham.
Neu xet he n gian ch co 2 cau t th ta thu c 2 san
pham:
+ San pham nh chu yeu gom cau t co o bay hi
ln va mot phan rat t cac cau t co o bay hi be.
+ San pham ay chu yeu gom cau t co o bay hi
be va mot phan rat t cau t co o bay hi ln.
Vay oi vi he methanol - nc th:
- San pham nh chu yeu la methanol.
- San pham ay chu yeu la nc.
2. Cac phng phap chng cat:
2.1. Phan loai theo ap suat lam viec
Trang 5
o an mon hoc
- Ap suat thap
- Ap suat thng
- Ap suat cao
2.2. Phan loai theo nguyen ly lam viec
- Chng cat n gian
- Chng bang hi nc trc tiep
- Chng cat a cau t
2.3. Phan loai theo phng phap cap nhiet ay thap
- Cap nhiet trc tiep
- Cap nhiet gian tiep
Vay oi vi he methanol - nc, ta nen chon phng
phap chng cat lien tuc cap nhiet gian tiep.
3. Thiet b chng cat:
Trong san xuat thng dung nhieu loai thiet b khac
nhau e tien hanh chng cat. Tuy nhien yeu cau c ban chung
cua cac thiet b van giong nhau ngha la dien tch be mat
tiep xuc pha phai ln, ieu nay phu thuoc vao mc o
phan tan cua mot lu chat nay vao lu chat kia. Neu pha kh
phan tan vao pha long ta co cac loai thap mam, neu pha
long phan tan vao pha kh ta co thap chem, thap phun,
ay ta khao sat 2 loai thng dung la thap mam va thap
chem.
- Thap mam: than thap hnh tru, thang ng pha trong co
gan cac mam co cau tao khac nhau, tren o pha long va
pha hi c cho tiep xuc vi nhau. Tuy theo cau tao cua
a, ta co:
- Thap mam chop : tren mam bo tr co chop dang
tron, xupap, ch s
- Thap mam xuyen lo: tren mam co nhieu lo hay
ranh
- Thap chem (thap em): thap hnh tru, gom nhieu bac
noi vi nhau bang mat bch hay han. Vat chem c cho
vao thap theo mot trong hai phng phap: xep ngau nhien
hay xep th t.
So sanh u nhc iem cua cac loai thap:
Thap chem
- Cau tao kha n gian.
- Tr lc thap.
- Lam viec c vi
chat long ban.
Nh - Do co hieu ng thanh
c
nen hieu suat truyen
ie khoi thap.
m
- o on nh thap, kho
van hanh.
- Kho tang nang suat.
u
ie
m
Thap mam
xuyen lo
- Tr lc tng
oi thap.
- Hieu suat kha
cao.
- Khong lam viec
c vi chat
long ban.
- Ket cau kha
phc tap.
Trang 6
Thap mam
chop
- Kha on
nh.
- Hieu suat
cao.
- Co tr lc
ln.
- Tieu ton
nhieu vat
t, ket cau
phc tap.
o an mon hoc
- Thiet b kha nang ne.
Trong bao cao nay ta s dung thap mam xuyen lo e
chng cat he methanol - nc.
CHNG 2
Quy trnh cong nghe

1. Thuyet minh quy trnh cong nghe:
Hon hp methanol - nc co nong o nhap lieu methanol
10% (theo phan hoi lng), nhiet o khoang 280C tai bnh cha
nguyen lieu (13) c bm (1) bm len bon cao v (2). T o
c a en thiet b trao oi nhiet vi san pham ay (12).
Sau o, hon hp c gia nhiet en nhiet o soi trong thiet
b un soi dong nhap lieu (3), roi c a vao thap chng
cat (5) a nhap lieu.
Tren a nhap lieu, chat long c tron vi phan long t
oan luyen cua thap chay xuong. Trong thap, hi i t di
len gap chat long t tren xuong. ay, co s tiep xuc
va trao oi gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha long chuyen ong trong
phan chng cang xuong di cang giam nong o cac cau
t de bay hi v a b pha hi tao nen t hi nc c cap
trc tiep vao ay thap loi cuon cau t de bay hi. Nhiet o
cang len tren cang thap, nen khi hi i qua cac a t di
len th cau t co nhiet o soi cao la nc se ngng tu lai,
cuoi cung tren nh thap ta thu c hon hp co cau t
methsanol chiem nhieu nhat (co nong o 95% phan khoi
lng). Hi nay i vao thiet b ngng tu (7) va c ngng tu
hoan toan. Mot phan cua chat long ngng tu c hoan lu
ve thap a tren cung. Phan con lai c lam nguoi en
400C, roi a ve bnh cha san pham nh.
Mot phan cau t co nhiet o soi thap c boc hi, con
lai cau t co nhiet o soi cao trong chat long ngay cang
tang. Cuoi cung, ay thap ta thu c hon hp long hau
het la cac cau t kho bay hi (nc). Hon hp long ay
co nong o methanol la 1,5% phan khoi lng, con lai la
Trang 7
o an mon hoc
nc. Dung dch long ay i ra khoi thap i vao thiet b trao
oi nhiet vi dong nhap lieu, roi c a qua bon cha san
pham ay (11).
He thong lam viec lien tuc cho ra san pham nh la
methanol. San pham ay la nc sau khi trao khi trao oi nhiet
vi dong nhap lieu c thai bo nhiet o 600C.
Chu thch cac k hieu trong qui trnh:
1. Bon cha nguyen lieu
2. Bm
3. Bon cao v
4. Thiet b trao oi nhiet.
5. Thiet b un soi dong nhap lieu
6.
Lu lng ke.
7. Thap chng
8.
Thiet b un san pham ay
9.
Bon cha san pham nh.
10. Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh
11. Thiet b lam nguoi san pham nh
12. Bay hi
13. Bon cha san pham ay
Trang 8
o an mon hoc
CHNG 3
TNH TOAN S BO
I. Cac thong so ban au:
- Chon loai thap la thap mam xuyen lo. Thiet b hoat

ong lien tuc.
- Khi chng luyen dung dch metanol th cau t de bay hi la
metanol.
- Hon hp:
+ Methanol: CH3OH, R = 32 (g/mol)
+ Nc: H2O, MN = 18 (g/mol)
Nang suat nhap lieu: GF = 1000 (l/h)
Nong o nhap lieu: x F = 10% (kg Methanol/ kg hon hp)
Nong o san pham nh: x P = 95% (kg Methanol/ kg hon hp)
Nong do san pham ay: xW = 1,5% (kg Methanol/ kg hon hp)
Chon:
- Nhiet o nhap lieu ban au: tB = 28oC
- Nhiet o san pham nh sau khi lam nguoi: tPR =
o
60 C
- Nhiet o dong nc lanh i vao: tV = 28oC
- Nhiet o dong nc lanh i ra: tR = 40oC
- Trang thai nhap lieu vao thap chng cat la trang
thai long soi.
Cac ky hieu:
GF, F: suat lng nhap lieu tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
GP, P: suat lng san pham nh tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
GW, W: suat lng san pham ay tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
L : suat lng dong hoan lu, kmol/h.
xi, xi : nong o phan mol, phan khoi lng cua cau t
i.
II. Can bang vat chat:

1. Nong o phan mol cua Methanol trong thap
xF =
xF / M R
0.1 / 32
=
= 0.0588
x F / M R + (1 x F ) / M N 0.1 / 32 + (1 0.1) / 18
xP =
xP / M R
0.95 / 32
=
= 0.9144
x P / M R + (1 x P ) / M N 0.95 / 32 + (1 0.95) / 18
xW =
xW / M R
0.0.15 / 32
=
= 0.0085
xW / M R + (1 xW ) / M N 0.015 / 32 + (1 0.015) / 18
Trang 9
o an mon hoc
T so lieu cua bang 1 ta xay dng o th t-x,y cho he

Methnol- nc
100
tC
95
90
hi
85
lo
ng
80
75
70
65
60
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
x,y
o th 1 o th t-x,y cho he Methnol- nc

Do ta chon trang thai nhap lieu vao thap chng cat la
trang thai long soi nen t o th 1 tren, tai xF = 0.0588 ta noi
suy ra nhiet o nhap lieu vao thap chng cat la
TF = 91,50C
Tra bang 1.249, trang 310, {1} ta c N = 964,25 kg/m3
Tra bang 1.2, trang 9, {1} ta c R = 722.19 kg/m3
Suy ra khoi lng rieng cua hon hp khi nhap lieu vao thap
x
1 xF
1
0.1
1 0.1
= F +
=
+
= 1,072.10 3
F R
N
722,19 964,25
Trang 10
1.0
o an mon hoc
F = 933.0 kg/m3
Suy ra GF = 933,0 kg/h
Ta co M F = x F .M R + (1 x F ).M N = 0,1.32 + (1 0,1).18 = 19,4 kg/kmol
GF
933,0
=
= 48,093 kmol/h
Nen F =
MF
19,4
2. Suat lng mol cua cac dong
- Phng trnh can bang vat chat cho toan thap
F=P+W
F.xF = P.xP + W.xW
- The cac gia tr vao ta c he phng trnh sau
P + W = 48,093
0,9144 P + 0,0085W = 48,093.0,0588

P = 2,67 kmol/h
W= 45,42 kmol/h
- Lai co
M P = x P .M R + (1 x P ).M N = 0,95.32 + (1 0,95).18 = 31,30 kg/kmol
M w = xW .M R + (1 xW ).M N = 0,015.32 + (1 0,015).18 = 18,21 kg/kmol
- Suy ra
GP = P.MP = 2,67.31,30 = 83,57 kg/h
GW = W.MW = 45,42.18,21 = 827,1 kg/h
3. Cac phng trnh lam viec
- T bang so lieu 1 ta xay dng o th can bang
pha cua he Methanol-nc ap suat 1atm
- Vi xF = 0,0588 ta noi suy t o th 2 c y F* =
0,295
+ T so hoan lu toi thieu
x P y F*
0,9144 0,295
=
= 2,62
Rmin = *
y F x F 0,295 0,0588
+ T so hoan lu lam viec:
R = 1,3Rmin + 0,3 = 1,3.2,62 + 0.3 = 3,71
+ Suat lng mol tng oi cua dong nhap lieu
x xW 0,9144 0,0085
f = P
=
= 18,01
x F xW
0,0588 0,0588
Phng trnh ng lam viec cua phan chng:
R+ f
1 f
3,71 + 18,01
1 18,01
y=
x+
xW =
.x +
.0,0085 = 4,61.x 0,031`
R +1
R +1
3,71 + 1
3,71 + 1
Hay y = 4,61.x 0,031`
Phng trnh ng lam viec cua phan luyen:
R
1
3,71
1
y=
x+
.x P =
.x +
.0,9144 = 0,788.x + 0,194
R +1
R +1
3,71 + 1
3,71 + 1
Trang 11
o an mon hoc
Hay y = 0,788.x + 0,194
1
y
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
o th 2: o th can bang pha cua he Methanol-nc ap

suat 1atm
Trang 12
o an mon hoc
CHNG 4:
Thiet ke che tao thap

chng cat
ng knh thap:
1. Phan luyen:
a. Khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long trong phan
luyen:
- Nong o phan mol trung bnh cua pha long trong phan
luyen:
x + x F 0,9144 + 0,0588
xL = P
=
= 0,4866 mol
2
2
- Noi suy t o th 1 ta c nhiet o trung bnh cua pha
long trong phan luyen
TLL = 73,4 oC
- Nong o phan khoi lng trung bnh cua pha long trong
luyen:
x + x F 0,95 + 0,1
xL = P
=
= 0,525
2
2
- Tra bang 1.249, trang 311, [1]
Khoi lng rieng cua nc 73,4oC: N = 975,76
3
kg/m
- Tra bang 1.2, trang 9, [1]
Khoi lng rieng cua metanol 73,4oC: R = 739,77
kg/m3
- Ap dung trong cong thc (1.2), trang 5, [1]
x
1 xL
1
0,525 1 0,525
= L +
=
+
= 1,196.10 3
LL R
N
739,77 957,76
LL = 835,78 kg/m3
b. Khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan
luyen:
- Nong o trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan luyen:
yL = 0,788xL + 0.194 = 0,788.0,4866 + 0.194 = 0,5775
Nhiet o trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan luyen: THL = 81,6 oC
- Khoi lng mol trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan luyen:
MHL = yL. MR + (1 yL). MN = 0,5775.32 + (1 0,5775). 18 =
26,085 kg/kmol
- Khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan luyen:
PM HL
1.26,085
HL =
=
= 0,8965 kg / m 3
22
,
4
RTHL
(81,6 + 273)
273
- Chon khoang cach mam h = 250 mm
- Tra hnh 2.2, trang 42,[6]: C = 0,028
- Van toc pha hi i trong phan luyen
Trang 13
o an mon hoc
LL
835,78
= 0,028
= 0,855 m / s
HL
0,8965
Lu lng pha hi i trong phan luyen cua thap:
G .(1 + R).22,4.THL 83,57.(1 + 3,71).22,4.(81,6 + 273)
QV = P
=
= 0,102 m 3 / s
M P .To .3600
31,3.273.3600
L = C
ng knh oan luyen

4.QV
4.0,102
DL =
=
= 0,390 m
. L
3,14.0,855
2. Phan chng:
a. Khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long trong phan
chng:
- Nong o phan mol trung bnh cua pha long trong phan
chng:
x + xW 0,0588 + 0,0085
xC = F
=
= 0,034 (mol metanol/mol hon hp)
2
2
- Nhiet o trung bnh cua pha long trong phan chng: T LC =
94,6 oC
- Nong o phan khoi lng trung bnh cua pha long trong
luyen:
x + xW 0,1 + 0,015
xC = F
=
= 0,0575 kg metanol/ kg hon hp
2
2
- Tra bang 1.249, trang 311, [1]
Khoi lng rieng cua nc 94,6oC: N = 962,78 kg/m3
Khoi lng rieng cua metanol 94,6oC: R = 719,18 kg/m3
x
1 xC 0,0575 1 0,0575
1
= C +
=
= 1,059.10 3
LC R
N
719,18
962,78
LC = 941,39 (kg/m3).
b. Khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan chng
- Nong o trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan chng
yC = 4,61xC - 0,031 = 4,61.0,034 0,031 = 0,126
Nhiet o trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan chng:
THC = 96,4 oC
- Khoi lng mol trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan chng
MHC = yC. MR + (1 yC). MN = 0,126.32 + (1 0,126). 18 =
19,76 kg/kmol
- Khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi trong phan chng:
PM HC
1.19,76
HC =
=
= 0,566 kg / m 3
22
,
4
RTHC
(96,4 + 273)
273
- Chon khoang cach mam h = 250 mm
Trang 14
o an mon hoc
- Van toc pha hi i trong phan chng:
- Tra hnh 2.2, trang 42,[6]: C = 0,028
LC
941,39
C = C
= 0,028
= 1,142 m / s
HC
0,566
- Lu lng pha hi i trong thap:
G .(1 + R).22,4.THC 83,57.(1 + 3,71).22,4.(96,4 + 273)
QV = P
=
= 0,106 m 3 / s
M P .To .3600
31,3.273.3600
- ng knh oan chng
4.QV
4.0,106
DC =
=
= 0,344 m
. C
3,14.1,142
Tra bang IX.4a, trang 169, [2], ta chon theo chuan D = 400 mm
Ket luan: ng knh thap la D = 0, 4 m
Van toc pha hi trong thap theo thc te:
4.QV
4.0,106
C =
=
= 0,844 m / s
2
3,14.DC . 3,14.0,4 2
L =
4.QV
4.0,102
=
= 0,812 m / s
2
3,14.DL . 3,14.0,4 2
Chieu cao thap:

1. So mam ly thuyet
Ta dng o th 2 ng lam viec vao trong o th 2 (o th
can bang pha).
Trang 15
o an mon hoc
o th 3: o th xac nh so bac ly thuyet cua thap

T o th 3 tren ta suy so mam ly thuyet cua thap la Nlt
= 10 mam. Nhng do ta dung thiet b un nong gian tiep nen
ta xem thiet b nay nh la 1 mam ly thuyet
Vay so mam trong thap la 9 mam, trong o
+ So mam phan chng la 5
+ So mam phan luyen la 4
2. Xac nh so mam thc te cua thap
a. Hieu suat trung bnh cua thap
+ V tr nh
Nong o phan mol: xP = 0,9144
tsoi = 65,8oC
y * = 0,972
o bay hi tng oi:
y * .(1 x) 0,972.(1 0,9144)
=
=
= 3,250
(1 y*).x (1 0,972).0,9144
Tra bang 1.104, trang 96, [1] o nht cua nc N = 0,432 cP
Dung toan o 1.18, trang 90, [1] o nht cua metanol R
= 0,325 cP
Trang 16
o an mon hoc
Cong thc (I.12), trang 84, [1]
o nht cua hon hp long: lghh = x1lg1 + x2lg2
Nen: lghh = 0,9144.lg0,325 + (1 0,9144).lg0,432 = -0,478
hh = 0,333 cP
LL = 3,250.0,333 = 1,082
Tra hnh IX, trang 171, [2] E = 46%
+ V tr nhap lieu
Nong o phan mol: xF = 0,0588
tsoi = 91,5oC
y * = 0,305
o bay hi tng oi:
y * .(1 x) 0,305.(1 0,0588)
=
=
= 7,025
(1 y*).x (1 0,305).0,0588
= 0,245 cP
Nen: lghh = 0,0588.lg0,245 + (1 0,0588).lg0,312 = -0,512
hh = 0,308 cP
LL = 7,025.0,308 = 2,161
+ V tr ay:
Nong o phan mol: xP = 0,0085
tsoi = 98,5oC
y * = 0,052
o bay hi tng oi:
y * .(1 x) 0,052.(1 0,0085)
=
=
= 6,40
(1 y*).x (1 0,052).0,0085
= 0,215 cP
Nen: lghh = 0,0085.lg0,215 + (1 0,0085).lg0,289 = -0,541
hh = 0,288 cP
LL = 6,40.0,288 = 1,842
+ Hieu suat trung bnh cua thap
Etb =
46 + 41 + 43
= 43,3%
3
Trang 17
o an mon hoc
b. Chieu cao thap
- So mam thc te cua thap
N
9
N tt = lt =
= 21 mam
Etb 0,433
Trong o
N
5
N ttC = C =
= 12 mam
E tb 0,433
N
4
N ttL = L =
= 9 mam
E tb 0,433
- Chieu cao toan thap: S dung cong thc IX.54, trang
169, [2]
Hthap = Ntt.(hmam + ) = 21.( 0,25 + 0,002 ) + 0,8 = 6,092 m
ht
= 0,25 suy ra ht = 0,25.D =
- Chon ay (nap) tieu chuan co
Dt
0,25.0,4 = 0,10 m
- Chon chieu cao g: hg = 25 mm = 0,025 m
- Chieu cao ay (nap): Hn = ht + hg = 0,1 + 0,025 = 0,125 m
Ket luan: Chieu cao toan thap: H = 6,34 m
Tr lc thap:
Cau tao mam lo:
+ Chon thap mam xuyen lo co ong chay chuyen vi:
- Tiet dien t do bang 8% dien tch mam.
- ng knh lo dl = 3 mm = 0,003 m
- Chieu cao g chay tran: hg = 30mm = 0,03 m
- Dien tch cua 2 ban nguyet bang 20% dien tch mam.
- Lo bo tr theo hnh luc giac eu.
- Khoang cach gia 2 tam lo bang 15 mm.
- Be day mam bang 2 mm
- Mam c lam bang thep khong g X18H10T.
+ So lo tren 1 mam:
2
D
8% S m
0,4
= 0,08 t = 0,08.
N=
= 1422 lo
Sl
0,003
dl
Goi a la so hnh luc giac.
Ap dung cong thc (V.139), trang 48, [2]: N = 3a(a-1) +1
Giai phng trnh bac 2 a = 22,3 23 N = 1519 lo
So lo tren ng cheo: b = 2a - 1 = 43 lo
2. Tr lc cua a kho:
Ap dung cong thc (IX.140), trang 194, [2]:
'2 . H
Pk =
2
oi vi a co tiet dien t do bang 10% dien tch mam th
= 1,82
2.1. Phan luyen
Trang 18
o an mon hoc
Van toc hi qua lo: ' L =
Nen: PkL = 1,82.
10,15 2.0,8965
= 84,05 N/m2
2
2.2. Phan chng

Van toc hi qua lo: 'C =
Nen: PkC = 1,82.
L 0,812
=
= 10,15 m/s
8% 0,08
C 0,844
=
= 10,55 m/s
8% 0,08
10,55 2.0,566
= 57,33 N/m2
2
3. Tr lc do sc cang be mat
V a co ng knh lo > 1mm
Ap dung cong thc (IX.142), trang 194, [2]:
4
P =
1,3dlo+ 0,08d2lo
3.1. Phan luyen
Tai nhiet o trung bnh cua pha long trong phan luyen TLL =
73,4oC th:
Tra bang 1.249, trang 310, [1] Sc cang be mat cua
nc NL = 0,6334 N/m
Tra bang 1.242, trang 300, [1] Sc cang be mat cua ru
RL = 0,0184 N/m
Ap dung cong thc (I.76), trang 299, [1]:
1 1 1
=
+
= 1 2
1 2
1 + 2
0,6334.0,0184
LL =
= 0,0179 N/m
0,6334 + 0,0184
4 0,0179
PL =
= 18,36 N/m2
1,3 0,003 + 0,08 0,003 2
3.2. Phan chng
Tnh toan tng t nh phan luyen
Tai nhiet o trung bnh cua pha long trong phan luyen TLL =
94,6oC th:
Tra bang 1.249, trang 310, [1] Sc cang be mat cua
nc NL = 0,5964 N/m
Tra bang 1.242, trang 300, [1] Sc cang be mat cua ru
RL = 0,0160 N/m
Ap dung cong thc (I.76), trang 299, [1]:
1 1 1
=
+
= 1 2
1 2
1 + 2
0,5964.0,0160
LL =
= 0,0126 N/m
0,5964 + 0,0160
Trang 19
o an mon hoc
PL =
4 0,0126
= 12,92 N/m2
1,3 0,003 + 0,08 0,003 2
4. Tr lc thuy tnh do chat long tren a tao ra:

Ap dung cong thc trang 68, [3]
Pb = 1,3hbKLg
Vi: hb = hg + hl
2/ 3
QL
hl =
1,85L K
g
Trong o:
Lg : chieu dai cua g chay tran, m
K = b/L : ty so gia khoi lng rieng chat long bot va
khoi lng rieng cua chat long, lay gan bang 0,5.
n .M
QL = L L : suat lng the tch cua pha long, m3/s.
L
Tnh chieu dai g chay tran:
Ta co: Squat - S = Sban nguyet

R2
1
20% 2

2. R sin R cos =
R
2
2
2
2
2
- sin = 0,2
Dung phep lap = 1,627 rad = 93,32o
93,32
) = 0,290 m
Nen Lg = Dt . sin( ) = 0,4. sin(
2
2
4.1. Phan luyen:
Khoi lng mol trung bnh cua pha long trong phan luyen:
MLL = 0,4866.32 + (1 0,4866).18 = 24,81 kg/kmol
Suat lng the tch cua pha long trong phan luyen:
G P .R.M LL
83,57.3,71.24,81
=
= 8,17.10 5 m3/s
QLL =
M P . LL
31,30.835,78.3600
8,17.10 5
hlL =
1,85.0,290.0,5
2/3
= 0,0045 m
Trang 20
o an mon hoc
Cho ta: PbL = 1,3.(hg + hlL).KLLg
= 1,3.(0,03 + 0,0045). 0,5. 835,78. 9,81 = 183,86 N/m2
4.2. Phan chng
Tnh toan tng t nh phan luyen
Khoi lng mol trung bnh cua pha long trong phan luyen:
MLC = 0,034.32 + (1 0,034).18 = 16,54 kg/kmol
Suat lng the tch cua pha long trong phan luyen:
GP .R.M LC
83,57.3,71.16,54
=
= 4,83.10 5 m3/s
QLC =
M P . LC
31,30.941,39.3600
2/3
4,83.10 5
= 0,0032 m
hlC =
1,85.0,290.0,5
Cho ta: PbC = 1,3.(hg + hlC).KLCg
= 1,3.(0,03 + 0,0032). 0,5. 941,39. 9,81 = 199,29 N/m2
5. Tong tr lc thuy lc cua thap

Tong tr lc cua 1 mam trong phan luyen cua thap la:
PL = PkL + PL + PbL = 84,05 + 18,36 + 183,86 = 286,27 N/m2
Tong tr lc cua 1 mam trong phan chng cua thap la:
PC = PkC + PC + PbC = 57,33 + 12,92 + 199,29 = 269,54 N/m2
Kiem tra hoat ong cua mam:
- Kiem tra lai khoang cach mam h = 0,25m am bao
P
cho ieu kien hoat ong bnh thng cua thap: h > 1,8
L g
( trang 70, [3] )
Vi cac mam trong phan luyen tr lc thuy lc qua 1
mam ln hn tr lc thuy lc cua mam trong phan chng, ta
co:
PL
286,27
1,8
= 1,8
= 0,063 m
LL g
835,78.9,18
ieu kien tren c thoa.
- Kiem tra tnh ong nhat cua hoat ong cua mam.
T cong thc trang 70, [3] Ta co van toc toi thieu qua lo
cua pha hi vmin u e cho cac lo tren mam eu hoat
ong:
g LL hbL
9,81.835,78.(0,03 + 0,0045)
= 0,67
= 8,822 m/s <
vmin = 0,67
HL
1,82.0,8965
10,15 m/s
Cac lo tren mam eu hoat ong.
Ket luan:
Tong tr lc thuy lc cua thap:
P = NttL.PL + NttCPC = 9. 286,27 + 14. 269,54 = 6350,0 (N/m2)
6. Kiem tra ngap lut khi thap hoat ong:

Trang 21
o an mon hoc
Khoang cach gia 2 mam: h = 250 mm
Bo qua s tao bot trong ong chay chuyen, chieu cao mc
chat long trong ong chay chuyen cua mam xuyen lo c
xac nh theo bieu thc (5.20), trang 120, [3]:
hd = hg + hl + P + hd
,mm.chat long
Trong o:
+ hg : chieu cao g chay tran ,mm
+ hl : chieu cao lp chat long tren mam ,mm
+ P: tong tr lc cua 1 mam ,mm.chat long
+ hd : ton that thuy lc do dong long chay t ong
chay chuyen vao mam, c xac nh theo bieu thc (5.10),
trang 115, [3]:
2
QL
hd' = 0,128.
100.Sd ,mm.chat long
+ QL : lu lng cua chat long (m3/h).
+ Sd : tiet dien gia ong chay chuyen va mam.
Sd = 0,8 . Smam = 0,8. .0,42 = 0,10 m2

4
1
e thap khong b ngap lut khi hoat ong th: hd
h = 125
2
mm
6.1.
Phan luyen
hlL = 0,0045. 1000 = 4,5 mm
286,27
286,27
1000 =
1000 = 34,92 mm.chat long
PL =
LL g
835,78.9,81
hd 'L
QLL
= 0,128.
100.S d
8,17.10 5.3600
= 0,128.
= 1,11.10 4 mm.chat
100.0,10
long
Nen: hdL = 30 + 4,5 + 34,92 + 1,11.10-4 = 69,42 mm < 125 mm
Vay: Khi hoat ong th mam phan luyen se khong b
ngap lut.
6.2.
Phan chng
hlC = 0,0032. 1000 = 3,2 (mm)
269,54
269,54
1000 =
1000 = 40,02 mm.chat long
PC =
LC g
941,39.9,81
hd 'C
Q
= 0,128. LC
100.S d
4,83.10 5.3600
= 0,128.
= 3,89.10 5 mm.chat
100
.
0
,
10
long
Nen: hdC = 30 + 3,2 + 40,02 + 3,89.10-5 = 73,22 mm < 125 mm
Vay: Khi hoat ong th mam phan chng se khong b
ngap lut.
Ket luan: Khi hoat ong thap se khong b ngap lut.
Trang 22
o an mon hoc
IV.
Be day thap :
1. Than thap
V thap hoat ong ap suat thng nen ta thiet ke than
hnh tru bang phng phap han ho quang ien, kieu han giap
moi 2 pha. Than thap c ghep vi nhau bang cac moi
ghep bch.
e am bao chat lng cua san pham ta chon thiet b
than thap la thep khong g ma X18H10T.
1.1. Cac thong so can tra va chon phuc vu cho qua
trnh tnh toan
Nhiet o tnh toan: t = tmax= 100oC
Ap suat tnh toan: v thap hoat ong ap suat thng nen:
P = Pthuy tnh + P
Khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long trong toan thap:
+ LC 941,39 + 835,78
=
= 888,85 kg/m3
L = LL
2
2
Nen: P = LgH + P = 888,58. 9,81. 5,17 + 6350,0 = 51416.7 N/m2
= 0,0514 N/mm2
He so bo sung do an mon hoa hoc cua moi trng:
V moi trng co tnh an mon va thi gian s dung thiet
b la trong 20 nam
Ca = 1 mm
ng suat cho phep tieu chuan:
V vat lieu la X18H10T []* = 142 (N/mm2)
(Hnh 1.2, trang
16, [7])
He so hieu chnh:
V thiet b khong boc lp cach nhiet = 1 (trang 26, [7])
ng suat cho phep: [] = []* = 142 (N/mm2)
He so ben moi han:
V s dung phng phap han ho quang ien, kieu han giap
moi 2 pha
h = 0,95 (Bang XIII.8, trang 362, [2])
1.2. Tnh be day
[ ]
142
h =
0,95 = 2443,84 > 25
Ta co:
P
0,0552
Dt P
400 0,0514
=
= 0,077 mm S + Ca = 0,077 + 1
S =
2[ ] h 2 142 0,95
1,077 mm
Quy tron theo chuan: S = 2 mm (Bang XIII.9, trang 364, [2])
Be day toi thieu: Smin = 2 mm
(Bang 5.1, trang 94, [7])
Be day S = 2 mm
1.3. Kiem tra o ben
S Ca
2 1
0,1
= 2,5.10 3 < 0,1 (thoa)
ieu kien:
400
Trang 23
o an mon hoc
2[ ]Dt ( S C a ) 2 142 0,95 (2 1)
=
= 0,673 > P = 0,09 (thoa)
Dt + ( S C a )
400 + ( 2 1)
Ket luan: S = 2 mm
Nen: [ P ] =
2. ay va nap:
Chon ay va nap co dang hnh ellip tieu chuan, co g,
lam bang thep X18H10T
Chon be day ay va nap bang vi be day than thap: S
= 3 mm.
Kiem tra ieu kien:
S Ca
D 0,125
t
2[] h (S C a )
[P] =
P
R t + (S Ca )
ht
= 0,25 Rt = Dt
Dt
ieu kien tren c thoa nh a kiem tra phan than
thap.
V ay va nap co hnh ellip tieu chuan vi
Ket luan: Kch thc cua ay va nap:

ng knh trong: Dt = 400 mm
ht = 100 mm
Chieu cao g: hg = 25 mm
Be day: S = 2 mm
Dien tch be mat trong: Sbe mat = 0,2 m2
trang 382, [2])
(Bang XIII.10,
V. Be day mam :
1. Cac thong so can tra va chon phuc vu cho
qua trnh tnh toan
Nhiet o tnh toan: t = tmax = 100 (oC)
Ap suat tnh toan: P = Pthuy tnh + Pg
Chon be day g chay tran la 3mm.
The tch cua g chay tran: V = 0,29.0,03.0,003= 2,61.10-5 m3
Tra bang XII.7, trang 313, [6]:
Khoi lng rieng cua thep X18H10T la: X18H10T = 7900 kg/m3
Khoi lng g chay tran: m = V.X18H10T = 2,61.10-5.7900 =
0,2062 kg
Ap suat do g chay tran tac dung len mam tron
mg
0,2062.9,81
Pg =
=
= 11,60
2
N/m2
0,4 2
Dt
3
,
14
.
4
4
Khoi lng rieng cua chat long tai ay thap:
Ta co xW = 0,0085 suy ra TW = 98,5oC
- Tra bang 1.249, trang 311, [1]
Trang 24
o an mon hoc
x
1 xW 0,0085 1 0,0085
1
= W +
=
= 1,045.10 3
LW R
N
715,08
959,22
Suy ra LW = 956,44 kg/m3
Ap suat thuy tnh:
Pthuy tnh = LWg(hg + hlC)
= 956,44. 9,81. (0,03 + 0,0045)
= 326,75 N/m2
P = 326,75 + 11,06 = 337,81 N/m2
He so bo sung do an mon hoa hoc cua moi trng:
Thi gian s dung thiet b la trong 20 nam
Ca = 1 mm
ng suat cho phep tieu chuan:
V vat lieu la X18H10T []* = 142 N/mm2
(Hnh 1.2, trang
16, [7])
He so hieu chnh: = 1
(Trang
19,
[7])
ng suat cho phep: [] = []* = 142 N/mm2
Moun an hoi: E = 20.106 N/cm2
(Bang 2.12, trang 45,
[7])
He so Poisson: = 0,33
(Bang XII.7, trang 313, [2])
He so ieu chnh: b = 0,571
2. Tnh be day:
oi vi ban tron ac ngam kep chat theo chu vi:
2
ng suat cc ai vong chu vi: max

6.36, trang 100, [8])
3P D
=
(Cong thc
16 S
2
oi vi ban co uc lo: l max
3P D
= max =
[ ]
b
16 b S
3P
3 337,81.10 6
= 400
= 0,354 mm
16[ ] b
16 142 0,571
Nen: S + Ca = 1,354 mm
Chon S = 2 mm
S Dt
Kiem tra ieu kien ben:

PR 4
o vong cc ai tam: Wo =
64 DT
100, [8])
Trang 25
(Cong thc 6.35, trang
o an mon hoc
oi vi ban co uc lo: Wlo =
Vi:
DT =
Wo
PR 4
=
b 64 b DT
ES 3
12(1 2 )
Wo 12 PR 4 (1 2 ) 3 PR 4 (1 2 )
=
= .
b
16
64 b ES 3
b ES 3
e am bao ieu kien ben th: Wlo < S
3 337,811.10 6 200 4 (1 0,33 2 )
S
Wlo = .
= 0,050 <
= 1,0
3
16
2
0,571 200000 2
Be day S a chon thoa ieu kien.
Vay: S = 2 mm
Wlo =
VI. Bch ghep than ay va nap :

Mat bch la bo phan quan trong dung e noi cac phan
cua thiet b cung nh noi cac bo phan khac vi thiet b.
Cac loai mat bch thng s dung:
Bch lien: la bo phan noi lien vi thiet b (han, uc va
ren). Loai bch nay chu yeu dung thiet b lam viec vi ap
suat thap va ap suat trung bnh.
Bch t do: chu yeu dung noi ong dan lam viec nhiet
o cao, e noi cac bo bang kim loai mau va hp kim cua
chung, ac biet la khi can lam mat bch bang vat lieu ben
hn thiet b.
Bch ren: chu yeu dung cho thiet b lam viec ap suat
cao.
Chon bch c ghep than, ay va nap lam bang thep CT3,
cau tao cua bch la bch lien khong co.
Tra bang XIII.27, trang 417, [2], ng vi Dt = = 400 (mm) va
ap suat tnh toan P = 0,055 (N/mm2) chon bch co cac thong
so sau:
Dt
400
D
515
Db
Dl
Do
475
(mm)
450
411
20
Bu long
db
Z
(cai)
M16
20
Tra bang IX.5, trang 170, [2], vi h = 250 mm khoang cach

gia 2 mat bch la 1000 mm va so mam gia 2 mat bch la 4.
So mat bch can dung e ghep la: 21/4 + 2 = 8 bch
o kn cua moi ghep bch chu yeu do vat em quyet nh.
em lam bang cac vat lieu mem hn so vi vat lieu bch. Khi
xiet bu long, em b bien dang va ien ay len cac cho go
ghe tren be mat cua bch. Vay, e am bao o kn cho
thiet b ta chon em la day amiang, co be day la 3mm.
Trang 26
o an mon hoc
VII. Chan thap :

1. Tnh trong lng cua toan thap:
Tra bang XII.7, trang 313, [2]:
Khoi lng rieng cua thap CT3 la: CT3 = 7850 kg/m3
Khoi lng cua mot bch ghep than:
2
mbch ghep than = . D 2 Dt .h. CT 3 = 0,515 2 0,40 2 0,02 7850 = 12,97 kg
4
4
Khoi lng cua mot mam:
2
mmam = Dt mm (100% 8% 10%) X 18 H 10T = .0.402.0,002.0,82.7900 =

4
4
1,63 kg
Khoi lng cua than thap:
mthan = .(D2ng D2t).Hthan . X18H10T = . 0,404 2 0,40 2 .5,042.7900 = 100,56

4
4
kg
Khoi lng cua ay (nap) thap:
may(nap) = Sbe mat . ay . X18H10T = 0,20 . 0,002 . 7900 = 3,16 kg
Khoi lng cua toan thap:
m = 8 mbch ghep than + 21 mmam + mthan + 2 may(nap)
= 8.12,97 + 21.1,63 + 100,56 + 2.3,16 = 243,43 kg
2. Tnh chan thap:

Chon chan : thap c tren bon chan.
Vat lieu lam chan thap la thep CT3.
Tai trong cho phep tren mot chan: Gc =
P mg 243,43.9,81
=
=
= 597,01 N
4
4
4
e am bao o an toan cho thiet b, ta chon: Gc = 1000 N
Tra bang XIII.35, trang 437, [2] chon chan co cac
thong so sau:
L
70
B
60
B1
60
B2
90
H
150
h
105
s
4
l
30
d
14
Khoi lng mot chan : mchan = 3,32 kg
VIII. Tai treo thap :

Chon tai treo: tai treo c gan tren than thap e gi cho
thap khoi b dao ong trong ieu kien ngoai canh.
Chon vat lieu lam tai treo la thep CT3.
Ta chon bon tai treo, tai trong cho phep tren mot tai treo: Gt =
Gc = 1000 (N).
Tra bang XIII.36, trang 438, [2] chon tai treo co cac thong
so sau:
L
B1
Trang 27
o an mon hoc
80
55
70
125
30
10
14
Khoi lng mot tai treo: mtai treo = 0,53 kg
IX.
Ca noi ong dan vi thiet b- bch noi

cac bo phan cua thiet b va ong dan:
Ong dan thng c noi vi thiet b bang moi ghep

thao c hoac khong thao c. Trong thiet b nay, ta s
dung moi ghep thao c.
oi vi moi ghep thao c, ngi ta lam oan ong noi,
o la oan ong ngan co mat bch hay ren e noi vi ong
dan:
Loai co mat bch thng dung vi ong co ng knh d
> 10mm.
Loai ren chu yeu dung vi ong co ng knh d 10mm,
oi khi co the dung vi d 32mm.
Ong dan c lam bang thep X18H10T.
Bch c lam bang thep CT3 , cau tao cua bch la bch
lien khong co.
1. Ong nhap lieu:
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp: F = 933,0 kg/m3
Chon loai ong noi cam sau vao thiet b.
Chon van toc chat long trong ong noi la vF = 1 m/s
ng knh trong cua ong noi:
4.G F
4.933,0
=
= 0,0188 m
Dy =
3600 F v F
3600 933,0 1
Chon ong co Dy = 20 mm
Tra bang XIII.26, trang 409, [2]
Cac thong so cua bch ng vi P = 0,055 N/mm2 la:
Dy
Dn
Dl
20
25
90
(mm)
65
50
12
Bu long
db
Z
(cai)
M10
4
2. Ong hi nh thap:
- Nong o trung bnh cua pha hi nh thap
yP = xP = 0,9144
Nhiet o trung bnh cua pha hi nh thap: THP = 67,8 oC
MHL = yL. MR + (1 yL). MN = 0,9144.32 + (1 0,9144). 18 = 30,80
kg/kmol
Trang 28
o an mon hoc
PM HL
1.30,80
=
= 1,101 kg / m 3
22,4
RTHL
(67,8 + 273)
273
Chon van toc hi ra khoi nh thap la vHD = 50 m/s
4.G HD
4.83,57
=
= 0,023 m
Dy =
3600 HD v HD
3600.1,101.3,14.50
HL =
Tra bang XIII.32, trang 434, [2] Chieu dai oan ong noi l =
90 mm
Dy
Dn
Dl
25
32
100
(mm)
75
60
12
Bu long
db
Z
(cai)
M10
4
3. Ong hoan lu:

- Nong o trung bnh cua pha long nh thap
xP = 0,9144
Nhiet o trung bnh cua pha hi nh thap: THP = 65,8 oC
- Tra bang 1.249, trang 311, [1]
x
1 xC
1
0,95 1 0,95
= C +
=
= 1,30.10 3
LC R
N
752,8 981,2
LC = 768,1 kg/m3
Chon loai ong noi cam sau vao thiet b.
Chon van toc chat long trong ong noi la vLD = 0,5 m/s
4.G LP
4.83,57.3,71
=
= 0,017 m
Dy =
3600 LP v LP
3600 768,1 0,5
Bu long
Dy
Dn
D
Dl
h
D
db
Z
(mm)
(cai)
20
25
90
65
50
12
M10
4
4. Ong hi ay thap:
- Nong o trung bnh cua pha hi ay thap
yW = xW = 0,0085
Trang 29
o an mon hoc
Nhiet o trung bnh cua pha hi ay thap: THP = 99,6 oC
MHW = yW. MR + (1 yW). MN = 0,0085.32 + (1 0,0085).18 = 18,12
kg/kmol
PM HW
1.18,12
HW =
=
= 0,593 kg / m 3
22,4
RTHW
(99,6 + 273)
273
Chon van toc hi vao ay thap la vHW = 120 m/s
4.G HW
4.827,1
=
= 0,064 m
Dy =
3600 HW v HW
3600.0,593. .120
Tra bang XIII.32, trang 434, [2] Chieu dai oan ong noi l =
110 mm
Cac thong so cua bch ng vi P = 0,055 (N/mm2) la:
Bu long
Dy
Dn
D
Dl
h
D
db
Z
(mm)
(cai)
70
76
160
130
110
14
M12
4
5. Ong dan long ra khoi ay thap:

- Nong o trung bnh cua pha long ay thap
xW = 0,0085
Nhiet o cua pha long ay thap: TLW = 98,5 oC
- Tra bang 1.249, trang 311, [1]
Khoi lng rieng cua nc 98,50C: N = 959,2 kg/m3
x
1 xW 0,015 1 0,015
1
= W +
=
= 1,05.10 3
LW R
N
716,8
959,2
LW = 954,4 kg/m3
Chon van toc chat long trong ong noi la vLW = 0,5 m/s
4.G LW
4.827,1
=
= 0,025 m
Dy =
3600 LW v LW
3600.954,4. .0,5
Tra bang XIII.32, trang 434, [2] Chieu dai oan ong noi l
= 90 mm
Dy
Dn
Dl
Trang 30
Bu long
db
Z
o an mon hoc
25
32
100
(mm)
75
60
Trang 31
12
M10
(cai)
4
o an mon hoc
CHNG 5:
Tnh thiet b phu

I.
THIET B UN SOI AY THAP :
Chon thiet b un soi ay thap la noi un Kettle.

Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch
thc ong 38 x 3:
ng knh ngoai: dn = 38 mm = 0,038 m
Be day ong: t = 3 mm = 0,003 m
ng knh trong: dt = 0,032 m
Hi ot la hi nc 2,0 at i trong ong 38 x 3. Tra bang
1.251, trang 314, [1]:
Nhiet hoa hi: rH2O = rn = 2208 kJ/kg
Nhiet o soi: tH2O = tn = 119,6 oC
Dong san pham tai ay co nhiet o:
Trc khi vao noi un (long): tS1 = 98,5 oC
Sau khi c un soi (hi): tS2 = 99,6 oC
1. Suat lng hi nc can dung:
Can bang nhiet cho toan thap:
Q + GFhFS = (R+1) GDrD + GDhDS + GWhWS + Qm
Gia s Qm = 0,05Q
0,95Q = (R+1) GDrD + GD(hDS hFS) + GW(hWS hFS)
hFS = cF.tFS = [ xF cN + (1 xF )cA ]tFS
hWS = cW.tWS = [ xW cN + (1 xW )cA ]tWS
hPS = cP.tPS = [ x P c N + (1 x P )c A ]tPS
rD = xD rN + (1 xD )rA
Vi xF = 0,0588 tFS = 91,5oC
xW = 0,0085 tWS = 98,5oC
xP = 0,9144 tPS = 65,8oC
1.1. Nhiet dung rieng:
Tra bang 1.249, trang 310, [1]
Nhiet dung rieng cua nc 91,5oC = 4,210 kJ/kg.K
Nhiet dung rieng cua methanol 91,5oC = 2,920 kJ/kg.K
Trang 32
o an mon hoc
1.2. Enthalpy:
hFS = (0,1. 2,920 + (1 - 0,1). 4,210). 91,5 = 373,41 kJ/kg
hWS = (0,0085. 2,958 + (1 - 0,0085). 4,218). 98,5 = 414,42 kJ/kg
hPS = (0,9144. 2,788+ (1 - 0,9144). 4,184). 65,8 = 191,31 kJ/kg
1.3. Nhiet hoa hi:
Nhiet hoa hi cua nc 65,8oC = rN = 2344,8kJ/kg
Dung toan o 1.65, trang 255, [1]
Nhiet hoa hi cua methanol 65,8oC = rR = 330,5 Kcal/kg =
1383,74 kJ/kg
Nen:
rP = x P rN + (1 x P )rA
= 0,95. 2344,8 + (1 - 0,95). 1383,74 = 2296,75 kJ/kg
1.4. Tnh lng hi nc can dung:
Nhiet lng can cung cap:
( R + 1)G P rP + G P (hPS hFS ) + GW (hWS hFS )
Q =
0,95
(3,71 + 1).83,57.2296,75 + 83,57.(191,31 373,41) + 827,1.(414,42 373,41)
=
0,95
= 971300.88 kJ/h
Neu dung hi nc bao hoa (khong cha am) e cap
nhiet th: Q = G H2O . rH2O
Nhiet hoa hi cua nc 2,0 at = rH2O = 2208 kJ/kg
Q
971300,88
=
Vay: G H 2O =
= 440,0 kg/h
rH 2O
2208
2. Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh:
Chon kieu truyen nhiet ngc chieu, nen:
(119,6 98,5) (119,6 99,6)
t log =
119,6 98,5
= 20,545 K
ln
119,6 99,6
3. He so truyen nhiet:
He so truyen nhiet K c tnh theo cong thc nh oi vi
tng phang:
1
K=
1
1
,W/m2.K)
+ rt +
n
S
Vi:
n : he so cap nhiet cua hi ot,W/m2.K.
S : he so cap nhiet cua san pham ay, W/m2.K.
rt : nhiet tr qua thanh ong va lp cau.
3.1. Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau:
Trang 33
o an mon hoc
qt =
tw1 tw2
, W/m2
rt
Trong o:
tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi hi ot (trong ong), oC
tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi san pham ay (ngoai
ong), oC
rt = t + r1 + r2
t
Be day thanh ong: t = 0,003 m
He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g:
t = 16,3 W/mK (Bang XII.7, trang 313, [6])
Nhiet tr lp ban trong ong:
r1 = 1/5800 m2.K/W (Bang 31, trang 419, [4])
Nhiet tr lp cau ngoai ong:
r2 =1/5800 m2.K/W
Nen: rt = 5,289.10-4 m2.K/W
3.2. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong san pham ay
ngoai ong:
Ap dung cong thc (V.89), trang 26, [2]:
0,033
0,333
h .r
0,75.q0,7
.
.
S = 7,77 . 10 .

0,45.c0.117.Ts0,37
h
Nhiet o soi trung bnh cua dong san pham ngoai ong:
t +t
98,5 + 99,6
t S = S1 S 2 =
= 99,05 oC
2
2
TS = 99,05 + 273 = 372,05 K
Tai nhiet o soi trung bnh th:
- Khoi lng rieng cua pha hi trong dong san pham
ngoai ong:
PM HW
1.18,12
h =
=
22,4
= 0,594 kg/m3
RTS
.372,05
273
- Khoi lng rieng cua nc:
N = 959,2kg/m3 (Bang 1.249, trang 310, [1])
- Khoi lng rieng cua methanol:
R = 715,0 kg/m3 (Bang 1.2, trang 9, [1])
1 xW 1 xW 0,015 1 0,015
=
+
=
+
= 1,05.10-3
Nen:
R
A
715,0
959,2
= 954,3 kg/m3
- o nht cua nc:
N = 2,85.10-4 N.s/m2 (Tra bang 1.104, trang 96, [1])
- o nht cua methanol:
A = 2,45.10-4 N.s/m2 (Dung toan o 1.18, trang 90, [1])
S dung cong thc (I.12), trang 84, [1] suy ra o nht cua
hon hp long:
-2
Trang 34
o an mon hoc
lghh = x1lg1 + x2lg2
Nen: lghh = 0,0085.lg(2,45.10-4) + (1 0,0085).lg(2,85.10-4)
hh = 2,846.10-4 N.s/m2
- He so dan nhiet cua nc:
N = 0,680 W/mK (Bang 1.249, trang 310, [5])
- He so dan nhiet cua methanol:
R = 0,188 W/mK (Bang 1.130, trang 134, [5])
Ap dung cong thc (1.33), trang 123, [5]):
R .xW + N .(1 xW ) 0,72.xW .(1 xW ).( N R ) = 0,667
=
W/mK
- Nhiet dung rieng cua nc:
cN = 4219,2 J/kgK (Bang 1.249, trang 310, [1])
- Nhiet dung rieng cua methanol:
cR = 2906,0 J/kgK (Bang 1.154, trang 172, [1])
Nen: c = cR xW + cN. (1 - xW ) = 4199,3 J/kgK
- Sc cang be mat cua nc:
N = 0,59022 N/m (Bang 1.249, trang 310, [1])
- Sc cang be mat cua methanol:
A = 0,01578 N/m (Bang 1.242, trang 300, [1])
NA
Nen: =
= 0,0158 N/m
N + A
- Nhiet hoa hi cua nc:
rN = 2262,2 kJ/kg (Bang 1.250, trang 312, [5])
- Nhiet hoa hi cua methanol:
rR = 1032,3 kJ/kg (Toan o 1.65, trang 255, [5])
Nen: r = rR xW + rN.(1 - xW ) = 2243,8 kJ/kg
3.3. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua hi ot trong ong:
Ap dung cong thc (3.65), trang 120, [4]:
rn . 2n .g.3n
n .(tn - tW1).dtr
Dung phep lap: chon tW1 = 119,4 oC
n = 0,7254
Nhiet o trung bnh cua mang nc ngng tu: tm =

119,5 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
- Khoi lng rieng cua nc: n = 943,4 kg/m3
- o nht cua nc: n = 2,33.10-4 N.s/m2
- He so dan nhiet cua nc: n = 0,685 W/mK
Nen: n = 31342 W/m2K
qn = n (tn tW1) = 6268,4 W/m2
Trang 35
t n + t W1
=
2
o an mon hoc
qt = qn = 6268,4 W/m2 (xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong
ang ke)
tw2 = tw1 - qtrt = 116,08 oC
S = 362,84 W/m2K (vi q = qt)
qS = S (tW2 tS) = 6126,5 W/m2
Kiem tra sai so:
qn qS
=
100% = 2,26% < 5% (thoa)
qn
Ket luan: tw1 = 119,4oC va tw2 = 116,08oC
3.4. Xac nh he so truyen nhiet:
1
K=
1
1 = 301,5 W/m2K
+ 5,289.10 4 +
31342
326,84
4. Be mat truyen nhiet:
Be mat truyen nhiet c xac nh theo phng trnh truyen
nhiet:
Q
971300.1000
=
F=
= 43,56 m2
K .t log 3600.301,5.20,545
5. Cau tao thiet b:
Chon so ong truyen nhiet: n = 217 ong. Ong c bo tr
theo hnh luc giac eu.
F
d + d t = 1,83 m chon L
- Chieu dai ong truyen nhiet: L =
n n
2
=2m
Tra bang V.II, trang 48, [2] So ong tren ng cheo: b = 17
ong
- Bc ong: t = 1, 2dn = 0,046 m
- ng knh trong cua thiet b (Ap dung cong thc (V.140),
trang 49, [2])
D = t.(b-1) +4dn= 0,934 m
II.
THIET B NGNG TU SAN PHAM NH
Chon thiet b ngng tu vo ong loai TH, at nam ngang.

Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch thc
ong 38 x 3:
- ng knh ngoai: dn = 38 mm = 0,038 m
- Be day ong: t = 3 mm = 0,003 m
- ng knh trong: dtr = 0,032 m
Chon:
- Nc lam lanh i trong ong vi nhiet o vao t V = 28 oC va
nhiet o ra tR = 40 oC.
Trang 36
o an mon hoc
- Dong hi tai nh i ngoai ong vi nhiet o ngng tu tngng
= 65,8 oC
1. Suat lng nc lam lanh can dung :

Can bang nhiet: Qnt = (R + 1).GP.rP = GN.cN.(t2 t1)
rD: nhiet lng rieng cua hi nh thap:
rD = x .rR + (1 - x ).rN
rR, rN : nhiet lng rieng cua cau t ru va nc nh,
J/kg.
x phan khoi lng cua cau t ru trong pha hi nh.
Tra bang 1.213, trang 256, [1] :
rR = 675,2 kcal/kg = 2826,25 kJ/kg
Tra bang 1.250, trang 312, [1] :
rN = 559,5 kcal/kg = 2341,96 kJ/kg
Suy ra: rD = 0,95.2826,25 + (1 - 0,95).2341,96 = 2801,1 kJ/kg
Qnt = (1 + 3,71).83,57.2801,1 = 1102,55 kW
Nen: Qnt = (R + 1).DcP = 1102,55 kW
Lng nc can dung: G N =
Qnt
1102,55.3600.10 3
=
= 79221,4
c N .(t 2 t1)
4175,5.(40 28)
kg/h
Nhiet dung rieng cua nc cN c o nhiet o
t + t R 28 + 40
tf = V
=
= 34 oC
2
2
2. Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh :

(65,8 28) (65,8 40)
t log =
65,8 28
= 31,42 K
ln
65,8 40
He so truyen nhiet K c tnh theo cong thc:
1
K=
1
1
,W/m2.K
+ rt +
n
ngng
Vi:
n : he so cap nhiet cua dong nc lanh ,W/m2.K
ngng : he so cap nhiet cua dong hi ngng tu ,W/m2.K
3.1. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua nc i trong ong :
Nhiet o trung bnh cua dong nc trong ong: tf = 34oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
- Khoi lng rieng cua nc: n = 994,42 kg/m3
- o nht cua nc: n = 7,23.10-7 m2/s
- He so dan nhiet cua nc: n = 0,626 W/mK
Trang 37
o an mon hoc
- Chuan so Prandtl: Prn = 4,9
Chon van toc nc i trong ong: vn = 1 m/s
So ong:
n=
Gn
4
79221,4
4
.
=
.
= 27,53
2
3600 N .d tr .v n 3600 994,42 .0,032 2.1
Tra bang V.II, trang 48, [2] chon n = 37 ong

Van toc thc te cua nc trong ong:
4Gn
4.79221,4
vn =
=
= 0,744 m/s
2
3600 n nd tr 3600.994,42.37. .0,032 2
Chuan so Reynolds :
v n. d tr 0,744.0,032
=
= 32929,5 > 104 Che o chay roi
n
7,23.10 7
Ap dung cong thc (1.74), trang 28, [5] cong thc xac
nh chuan so Nusselt:
Re n =
0 , 25
Pr
Nu n = 0,021. l . Re Pr . n
PrP 2
Trong o: 1 he so tnh en anh hng cua he so cap
nhiet theo ty le gia chieu dai L va ng knh d cua ong.
Tra bang 1.1, trang 29, [5] chon 1 = 1
Nun . n
He so cap nhiet cua nc i trong ong trong: n =
dtr
0 ,8
n
0, 43
n
3.2. Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau :

t t
qt = w1 w2 ,W/m2
rt
Trong o:
tw1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi hi ngng tu, oC
tw2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi nc lanh, oC
rt = t + r1 + r2
t
He so dan nhiet cua thep khong g: t = 16,3 W/mK
Nhiet tr lp ban trong ong: r1 = 1/5000 m2.K/W
Nhiet tr lp cau ngoai ong: r2 =1/5800 m2.K/W
Nen: rt = 5,565.10-4 m2.K/W
3.3. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua hi ngng tu ngoai ong :
ieu kien:
- Ngng tu hi bao hoa.
- Khong cha khong kh khong ngng.
- Hi ngng tu mat ngoai ong.
- Mang chat ngng tu chay tang.
- Ong nam ngang.
Trang 38
o an mon hoc
Ap dung cong thc (3.65), trang 120, [4] oi vi ong n
chiec nam ngang th:
1 = 0,7254
r. 2 .g.3
.(tngng- tW1).dn
Tra bang V.II, trang 48, [2] vi so ong n = 37 th so ong

tren ng cheo cua hnh 6 canh la: b = 7
Tra hnh V.20, trang 30, [2] he so phu thuoc vao cach bo tr
ong va so ong trong moi day thang ng la tb = 0,72 (v
xep xen ke va so ong trong moi day thang ng la 7)
He so cap nhiet trung bnh cua chum ong: ngng = tb1 =
0,721
Dung phep lap: chon tP1 = 59,0 oC
Nhiet o trung bnh cua mang chat ngng tu: tm = (tngng +
tW1) = 62,4 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua nc: N = 982,0 kg/m3
Khoi lng rieng cua methanol: R = 753,5 kg/m3
Nen khoi lng rieng hon hp la
1 xP 1 xP
0,95 1 0,95
=
+
=
+
= 1,31.10 3
R
N
753,5 982,0
3
= 762,4 kg/m
o nht cua nc: N = 4,496.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua methanol: R = 3,424.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xPlgR + (1 xP)lgN
= 0,9144.lg(3,424.10-4) + (1 - 0,9144).lg(4,496.10-4)
= -3,45
= 3,50.10-4 N.s/m2
He so dan nhiet cua nc: N = 0,661 W/mK
He so dan nhiet cua methanol: R = 0,205 W/mK
Nen: = R .x P + N .(1 x P ) 0,72.x P .(1 x P ).( N R ) = 0,212 W/mK
Nhiet ngng tu cua dong hi: r = rD = 2801100 J/kg
Nen: 1 = 4295,4 W/m2K
ngng = 3092,7,3 W/m2K
qngng = ngng (tngng tP1) = 21030,3 W/m2
qt = qngng = 21030,3 W/m2 (xem nhiet tai mat mat la
khong ang ke)
tP2 = tP1 - qtrt = 46,35 oC
PrP2 = 3,90
Nun = 161,5
n = 1700,2 W/m2K
qn = n (tP2 tf) = 20998,7 W/m2
Trang 39
o an mon hoc
Kiem tra sai so:
=
qngng qn
100% = 0,15% < 5% (thoa)

qngng
Ket luan: tP1 = 59,0oC va tP2 = 46,3oC
1
K=
1
1 = 726,0 W/m2K
+ 5,565.10 4 +
4295,4
1700,2
nhiet:
Qnt
1102550 .1000
=
F=
= 13,4 m2
K .t log 3600.726,0.31,42
5. Cau tao thiet b:
So ong truyen nhiet: n = 61 (ong). Ong c bo tr theo hnh
luc giac eu.
F
d + dtr = 3,3 m chon L =
Chieu dai ong truyen nhiet: L =
n n
2
4m
So ong tren ng cheo: b = 7 ong
Bc ong: t = 48 mm = 0,048 m
ng knh trong cua thiet b: D = t(b-1) + 4dn = 0,44 m
III.
THIET B LAM NGUOI SAN PHAM NH :
Chon thiet b ngng tu vo ong loai TH, at nam ngang.

Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep X18H10T, kch thc
ong 38 x 3:
- ng knh ngoai: dn = 38 mm = 0,038 m
- Be day ong: t = 3 mm = 0,003 m
- ng knh trong: dtr = 0,032 m
Chon
- Nc lam lanh i trong ong trong vi nhiet o vao tV =
28oC va nhiet o ra tR = 40oC.
- San pham ay i trong ong ngoai vi nhiet o vao tPS =
65,8oC va nhiet o ra tPR = 35oC.
1. Suat lng nc lam lanh can dung:
Can bang nhiet: Q = GP(hPS hPR) = Gn (hR hV)
Nhiet dung rieng cua nc 35oC = 4,178 kJ/kg.K
Nhiet dung rieng cua methanol 35oC = 2,645 kJ/kg.K
Trang 40
o an mon hoc
Nen: hWR = (0,05. 4,178 + 0,95. 2,645). 35 = 95,26 kJ/kg
Enthalpy cua nc 28oC = hV = 117,3 kJ/kg
Enthalpy cua nc 40oC = hR = 167,6 kJ/kg
Lng nhiet trao oi: Q = GW(hWS hWR) = 8040,4 kJ/h
Q
Suat lng nc can dung: G n =
= 159,9 kg/h
hR hV
2. Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh:
(65,8 40) (35 28)
t log =
65,8 40
= 14,40 K
Ln
35 28
1
K=
1
1
,W/m2.K
+ rt +
n
W
Vi:
n : he so cap nhiet cua dong nc lanh, W/m2.K.
W : he so cap nhiet cua dong san pham ay, W/m2.K
3.1. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong:
Kch thc cua ong trong:
ng knh ngoai: dn = 38 (mm) = 0,038 m
Be day ong: t = 3 (mm) = 0,003 m
ng knh trong: dtr = 0,032 m
Nhiet o trung bnh cua dong nc trong ong: t f = (tV + tR)
= 34 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua nc: n = 994,34 kg/m3
o nht cua nc: n = 7,39.10-7 m2/s
He so dan nhiet cua nc: n = 0,624 W/mK
Chuan so Prandtl: Prn = 5,004
Van toc nc i trong ong:
4Gn
4.159,9
=
= 0,056 m/s
2
3600 nd tr 3600.994. .0,032 2
Chuan so Reynolds :
vn =
v n. d tr 0,056.0,032
=
= 2424,9 < 104 : che o chay qua o
n
7,39.10 7
Ap dung cong thc V.44,trang 16, [2] cong thc xac nh
chuan so Nusselt:
Re n =
Trang 41
o an mon hoc
Prn 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Tra bang V.2, trang 15, [2] . Chon 1 = 1
ko he so phu thuoc Re, tra bang trang 16, [2]. Chon ko = 1
Nun . n
He so cap nhiet cua nc trong ong: n =
dtr
Nu n = k o . 1 . Prn0, 43 .(
3.2. Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau:

t t
qt = w1 w2 , W/m2
rt
Trong o:
tP1 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi san pham ay
(trong ong trong), oC
tP2 : nhiet o cua vach tiep xuc vi nc lanh (ngoai
ong trong), oC
rt = t + r1 + r2
t
Nen rt = 5,565.10-4 m2.K/W
3.3. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong san pham ay
ngoai ong:
Kch thc cua ong ngoai:
ng knh ngoai: Dn = 57 mm = 0,057 m
ng knh trong: Dtr = 0,051 m
Nhiet o trung bnh cua dong san pham ay ngoai ong:
tP = (tPS + tPR) = 50,4 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua methanol: R = 764,6 kg/m3
1 xP 1 xP
0,95 1 0,95
=
+
=
+
Nen:
= 773,4 kg/m3
R
N
764,6 987,9
o nht cua nc: N = 5,46.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua methanol: R = 3,19.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xPlgR + (1 xP)lgN = 0,9144.lg(3,19.10-4) + (1 0,9144)lg(5,46.10-4)
= 3,343.10-4 (N.s/m2)
He so dan nhiet cua methanol: R = 0,207 W/mK
Trang 42
o an mon hoc
Nen: = R .x P + N .(1 x P ) 0,72.x P .(1 x P ).( N R )
= 0,214 (W/mK)
Nhiet dung rieng cua nc: cN = 4178,2 J/kgK
Nhiet dung rieng cua methanol: cA = 2716,8 J/kgK
Nen: c = cN x P + cA. (1 - x P ) = 2789,8 J/kgK
c
Pr =
= 4,365
Van toc cua dong san pham ay ngoai ong:

4G P
4.83,57
=
= 0,0346 m/s
2
2
3600 ( Dtr d n ) 3600.773,4. .(0,0512 0,038 2 )
ng knh tng ng: dt = Dtr dn = 0,051 0,038 = 0,013 m
Chuan so Reynolds :
v=
vd t 0,0346.0,013.773,4
=
= 986,8 < 2300 : che o chay mang
3,343.10 4
Ap dung cong thc (V.45), trang 17, [2] cong thc xac
Re =
0 , 25
Pr
Nu P = 0,015. l . Re .Gr . Pr .
PrP1
Tra bang V.2, trang 15, [2] chon 1 = 1
0 , 33
0 ,1
0 , 43
Chuan so Grashof
g 2 l 3 t
Gr = .
2
l = dtd =0,013 m
= he so dan n the tch
He so dan nhiet cua nc: N = 4,514.10-4 1/K
He so dan nhiet cua methanol: R = 1,322.10-4 1/K
t = chenh lech nhiet o gia thanh ong vad dong
san pham ay
t = tP1 - tP , oC
He so cap nhiet cua dong san pham ay ngoai ong: P =
Nu P .
d t
Dung phep lap: chon tW1 = 43,3 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
o nht cua nc: N = 6,167.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua ru: R = 4,322.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen:
lgP1 = xPlgR + (1 xP)lgN = 0,9144.lg(4,322.10-4) + (1 0,9144).lg(6,167.10-4)
Trang 43
o an mon hoc
W1 = 4,50.10-4 N.s/m2
He so dan nhiet cua ru: R = 0,208 W/mK
Nen: P1 = R .x D + N (1 x D ) 0,72 x P .(1 x P )( N R ) = 0,214 W/mK
Nhiet dung rieng cua ru: cR = 2865,0 J/kgK
Nen: cP1 = cR x P + cN. (1 - x P ) = 2759,5 J/kgK
c P1 P1
Ap dung cong thc (V.35), trang 12, [2]: PrP1 =
= 5,73
P1
Gr = 1020040,5
Nen NuP = 10,45
P = 171,8 W/m2K
qP = P (tP tP1) = 1217,98 W/m2
qt = qP = 1217,98 W/m2 (xem nhiet tai mat mat la khong
ang ke)
tP2 = tP1 - qtrt = 42,622 oC
PrP2 = 5,796
Nun = 7,32
n = 142,78 W/m2K
qn = n (tP2 tf) = 1231,2 W/m2
Kiem tra sai so:
=
Ket luan:
qW qn
100% = 1,085% < 5% (thoa)

qW
tw1 = 43,3oC va tP2 = 42,6oC

1
K=
1
1 = 74,73 W/m2K
+ 5,565.10 4 +
171,8
142,78
nhiet:
Q
8040,4.1000
=
F=
= 2,075 m2
K .t log 3600.74,73.14,40
5. Cau tao thiet b:
Chon so ong truyen nhiet: n = 19 ong. Ong c bo tr theo
hnh luc giac eu.
F
d + d t = 0,966 m chon L
- Chieu dai ong truyen nhiet: L =
n n
2
=1m
Trang 44
o an mon hoc
Tra bang V.II, trang 48, [2] So ong tren ng cheo: b = 5
ong
- Bc ong: t = 1,2dn = 0,046 m
- ng knh trong cua thiet b (Ap dung cong thc (V.140),
trang 49, [2])
D = t.(b-1) +4dn= 0,336 m
IV. Thiet b trao oi nhiet gia san pham

ay va nhap lieu:
Chon thiet b ngng tu vo ong, at ngang
Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep hp kim X18H10T,
kch thc ong 38 x 3:
Chon:
Nhap lieu i ngoai ong vi nhiet o vao tFV = 28oC va ra
nhiet o
San pham ay i trong ong vi nhiet o tv = 98,5 oC, tr =
65oC.
1. Nhiet o ra cua dong nhap lieu :

Can bang nhiet: Q = GF.cF.(tFr tFv) = GW.cW.(tWv tWr)
nhiet o trung bnh t = 81,75oC, th:
Nen: cW = cR xW + cN.(1 - xW ) = 41,75 J/kgK
Q = 827,1.41,75.(98,5 65) = 115,7 kW
28oC, th:
Nhiet dung rieng cua ru: cR = 2610 J/kgK
Nen: cF = 3596,89 J/kgK
Q
+ t Fv = 60,0 oC
tFr =
G F .c F

(98,5 60,0) (65,0 28,0)
t log =
= 37,75
98,5 60,0
K
ln
65,0 28,0
Trang 45
o an mon hoc
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
n
ngng
,W/m2.K)
Vi:
n : he so cap nhiet cua dong nc lanh, W/m2.K
ngng : he so cap nhiet cua dong hi ngng tu, W/m2.K
3.1. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua san pham ay i trong
ong :
Nhiet o trung bnh cua dong nc trong ong: t f = (tV + tR)
= 81,75 oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
Khoi lng rieng cua nc: n = 970,2 kg/m3
Khoi lng rieng cua ru: R = 731,3 kg/m3
1 xW 1 xW 0,0085 1 0,0085
=
+
=
+
Nen:
R
N
731,3
970,2
= 967,5 kg/m3
o nht cua nc: N = 3,348.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua ru: R = 2,552.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xWlgR + (1 xW)lgN = 0,015.lg(2,552.10-4) + (1 0,015).lg(3,348.10-4)
= 3,33.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: = R .xW + N .(1 xW ) 0,72.xW .(1 xW ).( N R ) = 0,675 (W/mK)
(cong thc 1.37, trang 124,[1])
Nen: cW = cR xW + cN.(1 - xW ) = 41,75 J/kgK
Ap dung cong thc (V.35), trang 12, [2]: Pr =
c
= 2,03
Van toc thc te cua san pham ay trong ong:

4GW
4.827,1
vw =
=
= 0,016 m/s
2
3600 W n .d tr 3600.964,18.19. .0,032 2
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
0,016.0,032.964,18
Re w = W . tr W =
= 1470,0 < 2300 : che o chay
W
3,27.10 4
tang
Trang 46
o an mon hoc
0 , 25
Pr
Nu w = 0,15. l . Re Pr .Gr . n
Prw 2
Chon t2 = 8,25oC tw2 = 81,75 + 8,25 = 90oC
Tai nhiet o nay:
o nht cua nc: N = 3,276.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua ru: R = 2,3.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xWlgR + (1 xW)lgN = 0,015.lg(2,3.10-4) + (1 0,015).lg(3,276.10-4)
= 3,27.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: = R .xW + N .(1 xW ) 0,72.xW .(1 xW ).( N R ) = 0,675 (W/mK)
Nen: c = cR. xW + cN.(1 - xW) = 41,93 J/kgK
c
Ap dung cong thc (V.35), trang 12, [2]: PrW 2 =
= 2,55
0 , 33
n
0 , 43
n
0 ,1
g .d o3 . 2 . .t
Gr =
2
1
1
= =
= 2,755.10 3 ( K 1 )
T 90 + 273
9,81.0,032 3.964,18 2.2,755.10 3.8,25
Gr =
= 61,59.10 6
(0,327.10 3 ) 2
NuW = 12,19
He so cap nhiet cua san pham ay i trong ong trong:
NuW .W 12,19.0,675
=
= 257,20 W/m2o
W =
d tr
0,032
qW = W. t2 = 257,2.8,25 = 2121,6 W/m2
3.3. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu ngoai
ong :
Nhiet o trung bnh cua dong nhap lieu: tf = (tV + tR) = 44,0
C
Tai nhiet o nay th:

1 xF 1 xF
0,1 1 0,1
=
+
=
+
= 1,02.10 3 = 962,5 kg/m3
Nen:
R
N
768,8 990,2
Trang 47
o an mon hoc
o nht cua nc: N = 5,68.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua ru: R = 4,05.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xFlgR + (1 xF)lgN
= 5,22.10-4 (N.s/m2)
Nen: = R .xW + N .(1 xW ) 0,72.xW .(1 xW ).( N R ) = 0,482 W/mK
Nen: c = cR.xF + cN. (1 xF) = 40,90 J/kgK
c
= 4,43
ng knh tng ng cua khoang khong ngoai ong:

Dt2 n.d o2 0,7 2 127.0,032 2
d td =
=
= 0,076m
Dt + n.d o
0,7 + 127.0,032
Van toc thc te cua dong nhap lieu i ngoai ong:
4G F
4.1000
vF =
=
= 3,57.10 3 m/s
2
2
3600 ( Dt n.d o ) 3600.962,5. .(0,7 2 127.0,032 2 )
Chuan so Reynolds :
v F . d td . F 3,57.10 3.0,076.962,5
Re F =
=
= 710,9 < 2300 : che o chay
F
5,22.10 4
tang.
Ap dung cong thc (V.56), trang 20, [2] cong thc xac
Nu D = 1,16.d td0, 6 . Re 0D,6 PrD0,33
= 1,16.0,108 0,6.710,9 0,6.4,43 0,33 = 25,64
Chon t1 = 18oC
He so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu ngoai ong:
Nu F . F 25,64.0,482
=
= 114,43 W/m2o
F =
d td
0,108
qF = F. t1 = 112,75.18 = 2059,7 W/m2
Kiem tra sai so:
qW q F
=
100% = 2,92% < 5% (thoa)
qW
3.4.
Xac nh he so truyen nhiet:

1
K=
= 75,85
1
1
W/m2K
4
+ 5,565.10 +
257,20
114,43

nhiet:
Trang 48
o an mon hoc
F=
Q
115,7.1000
=
= 40,41 m2
K .t log 75,85.37,75
5. Cau tao thiet b:

So ong truyen nhiet: n = 127 ong. Ong c bo tr theo hnh
luc giac eu.
F
d + d tr = 2,51 (m) chon L
n n
2
= 2,5 m
Bc ong: t = 48 (mm) = 0,048 m
ng knh trong cua thiet b: D = t(b-1) + 4dn = 0,7 m.
V.
Thiet b un soi dong nhap lieu:
Chon thiet b ngng tu vo ong, at ngang.

Ong truyen nhiet c lam bang thep hp kim X18H10T,
kch thc ong 38 x 3:
Chon:
Nhap lieu i trong ong vi nhiet o vao tV = 60,0oC va
nhiet o ra tR = 68,5oC.
Dong hi ngng tu i ngoai ong vi nhiet o ngng tu t ngng =
126,25oC, co ap suat 2at, an nhiet hoa hi r = 2189500 J/kg.
1. Lng hi nc can dung :

Can bang nhiet: Q = GF.cF.(tr tv) = Gn.rn
nhiet o trung bnh ttb = 64,25oC th:
Nen: cF = cR.xF + cN. (1 xF) = 41,02 J/kgK
Q = 1000.41,02.( 68,5 - 60) = 34,87 kW
Gn = 15,93 (kg/h)

(126,25 60,0) (126,25 68,5)
t log =
= 62,15
126,25 60,0
K
Ln
126,25 68,5
Trang 49
o an mon hoc
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
n
ngng
,W/m2.K
Vi:
n : he so cap nhiet cua dong nc lanh, W/m2.K
ngng : he so cap nhiet cua dong hi ngng tu, W/m2.K
Nhiet tr lp cau trong ong: r1 = 1/5800 m2.K/W
Nen: rt = 5,289.10-4 m2.K/W
3.1. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu i
trong ong :
Nhiet o trung bnh cua dong nhap lieu trong ong: t f = (tV
+ tR) = 64,25oC
Tai nhiet o nay th:
1 xF 1 xF
0,1
1 0,1
=
+
=
+
Nen:
= 950,06 kg/m3
R
N
746,2 979,8
o nht cua nc: N = 3,88.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua ru: R = 3,12.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xF.lgR + (1 xF).lgN
= 3,65.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: = R .x F + N .(1 x F ) 0,72.x F .(1 x F ).( N R ) = 0,569 W/mK
Nen: c = cR.xF + cN. (1 xF) = 40,475 J/kgK
c
= 2,60
Van toc thc te cua dong nhap lieu trong ong:

4G F
4.1000
vF =
=
= 0,003 m/s
2
3600 F nd tr 3600.950,06.127. .0,032 2
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d .
0,003.0,032.950,06
Re F = F . tr F =
= 250,0 < 2300 : che o chay
F
3,65.10 4
tang
Trang 50
o an mon hoc
0 , 25
Pr
Nu w = 0,15. l . Re Pr .Gr . n
Prw 2
Chon t2 = 20oC tw2 = 84,25oC
Tai nhiet o nay:
o nht cua nc: N = 3,03.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua ru: R = 2,26.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lg = xFlgR + (1 xF)lgN
= 2,98.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: = R .x F + N .(1 x F ) 0,72.x F .(1 x F ).( N R ) = 0,595 W/mK
Nen: c = cR. xF + cN.(1 xF) = 4126,5 J/kgK
c
Ap dung cong thc (V.35), trang 12, [2]: PrW 2 =
= 2,067
0 , 33
n
0 , 43
n
0 ,1
g .d o3 . 2 . .t
2
1
1
= =
= 2,96.10 3 K 1
T 64,25 + 273
Gr =
Gr =
9,81.0,032 3.950,06 2.2,96.10 3.20

= 193,4.10 6
(0,298.10 3 ) 2
NuF = 11,4
He so cap nhiet cua dong nhap lieu i trong ong trong:
Nu F . F 11,4.0,595
=
= 212,0 W/m2o
F =
d tr
0,032
qF = F. t2 = 212,0.20 = 4240,0 W/m2
3.3. Xac nh he so cap nhiet cua hi ngng tu ngoai ong
:
Ap dung cong thc (1.110), trang 38, [5] oi vi ong n
chiec nam ngang th:
1 = 0,7254
r. 2 .g.3
.(tngng- tW1).dn
Tra bang V.II, trang 48, [2] vi so ong n = 127 th so ong

tren ng cheo cua hnh 6 canh la: b = 13
Trang 51
o an mon hoc
Tra hnh V.18, trang 19, [4] he so phu thuoc vao cach bo tr
ong va so ong trong moi day thang ng la tb = 1,1
He so cap nhiet trung bnh cua chum ong: ngng = tb1 =
1,11
Chon t1 = 0,2oC tW1 = 126,05oC
Tra cac thong so cua hi ngng tu:
Khoi lng rieng cua hi: N = 939,16 kg/m3
o nht cua hi: N = 2,28.10-4 N.s/m2
He so dan nhiet cua hi: N = 0,686 W/mK
1 = 19886,13 W/m2K
n = 21874,74 W/m2K
qn = n (tn tW1) = 4374,94 W
Kiem tra sai so:
qn q F
=
100% = 3,08% < 5% (thoa)
qn
1
K=
= 188,0
1
1
W/m2K
4
+ 5,565.10 +
212,0
21874,74

nhiet:
Qnt
15,93.1000
=
= 1,36 m2
F=
K .t log 188,0.62,15
5. Cau tao thiet b:

So ong truyen nhiet: n = 127 ong. Ong c bo tr theo hnh
luc giac eu.
F
d + d tr = 0,09 (m) chon L
n n
2
= 0,1 m
Tra bang trang 21, [3] Bc ong: t = 48 mm = 0,048 m
ng knh trong cua thiet b: D = t(b-1) + 4dn = 0,7 m.
VI. Bon cao v:

1. Ton that ng ong dan:
Chon ong dan co ng knh trong la dtr = 80 mm
Trang 52
o an mon hoc
Tra bang II.15, trang 381, [1] o nham cua ong: = 0,2
mm = 0,0002 m
Ton that ng ong dan:
l
v 2
h1 = 1 1 + 1 . F
m
d1
2g
Trong o:
1 : he so ma sat trong ng ong.
l1 : chieu dai ng ong dan, chon l1 = 30 m
d1 : ng knh ong dan, d1 = dtr = 0,08 m
1 : tong he so ton that cuc bo.
vF : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan
1.1.
Xac nh van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan :
Cac tnh chat ly hoc cua dong nhap lieu c tra nhiet
o trung bnh:
t + t FS 28 + 65,8
=
tF = FV
= 46,9 oC
2
2
Tai nhiet o nay th:
x
1 xF
1
0,1
1 0,1
= F +
=
+
Nen:
F = 961,6 kg/m3
F R
N
768,4 989,2
o nht cua nc: N = 5,15.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua ru: R = 3,75.10-4 N.s/m2
Nen: lgF = xFlgN + (1 xF)lgA
F = 4,65.10-4 N.s/m2
Van toc cua dong nhap lieu i trong ong:
4G F
4.1000
vF =
=
= 0,057 m/s
2
3600 F d tr 3600.961,6. .0,08 2
1.2.
Xac nh he so ma sat trong ng ong :
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d
0,057.0,08.961,6
Re F = F tr F =
= 9429,9 > 4000 : che o chay roi
F
4,65.10 4
Chuan so Reynolds ti han: Regh = 6(d1/)8/7 = 5648,513
Chuan so Reynolds khi bat au xuat hien vung nham:
Ren = 220.(d1/)9/8 = 186097,342
V Regh < ReF < Ren che o chay roi ng vi khu vc qua
o.
Ap dung cong thc (II.64), trang 379, [1]: 1=
100
0,1.1,46. +
d 1 Re F
0 , 25
= 0,035
1.3.
Xac nh tong he so ton that cuc bo :
Cho uon cong :
Trang 53
o an mon hoc
Tra bang II.16, trang 382, [1]:
Chon dang ong uon cong 90o co ban knh R vi R/d = 2
th u1 (1 cho) = 0,15.
ng ong co 6 cho uon u1 = 0,15. 6 = 0,9
Van :
Chon van cau vi o m hoan toan th van (1 cai) = 10.
ng ong co 2 van cau van = 10. 2 = 20
Lu lng ke : l1 = 0 (coi nh khong ang ke).
Vao thap : thap = 1
Tai mieng ra cua bon cao v: Tra bang 10, trang 385, [1]:
= 11
Nen: 1 = 33,05
30
0,057 2
+ 33,05 .
Vay: h1 = 0,035.
= 7,65.10-3 (m)
0,08
2.9,81
2. Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b trao oi

nhiet gia dong nhap lieu va san pham ay:
v22
l2
h2 = 2
+ 2 .
d2
2g
m
Trong o:
l2 : chieu dai ng ong dan, l2 = 2,5 m
d2 : ng knh ong dan, d2 = dtr = 0,032 m
v2 : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan
2.1.
Van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan :v2 =
3,57.10-3 m/s
2.2.

Chuan so Reynolds : Re2 = 710,9 < 2300 : che o chay
tang.
o nham: = 0,0002
Ap
dung
cong
thc
(II.64),
trang
379,
[1]:
64
64
=
=
= 0,09
Re 710,9
2.3.
ot thu :
Fo 0,032 2
=
Tra bang II.16, trang 382, [1]: Khi
= 0,160 th ot thu 2 (1cho)
F1
0,08 2
= 0,458
Co 1 cho ot thu ot thu 1 = 0,458
ot m :
Trang 54
o an mon hoc
Fo 0,032 2
=
= 0,160 th ot
F1
0,08 2
(1cho) = 0,708
Co 1 cho ot m ot m 2 = 0,708
m 2
Nen: 2 = ot thu 2 + ot m 2 = 1,166

2,5
(3,57.10 3 ) 2
+ 1,166 .
= 0,68.10 3 m
Vay: h2 = 127. 0,09.
0
,
032
2
.
9
,
81
3. Ton that ng ong dan trong thiet b un soi dong

nhap lieu:
l
v2
h3 = 3 3 + 3 . 3
,m
d3
2g
Trong o:
l3 : chieu dai ng ong dan, l2 = 0,5 m.
d3 : ng knh ong dan, d3 = dtr = 0,032 m.
v3 : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan
3.1.
Van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong dan :v2 = 0,003
m/s
3.2.
Chuan so Reynolds : Re2 = 250 < 2300: che o chay tang
o nham: = 0,0002
64
64
=
= 0,256
Ap dung cong thc (II.64), trang 379, [1]: =
Re 250
3.3.

ot thu :
Fo 0,032 2
=
= 0,160 th ot thu 3 (1cho)
F1
0,08 2
= 0,458
Co 1 cho ot thu ot thu 3 = 0,458
ot m :
Fo 0,032 2
=
= 0,160 th ot m 3
F1
0,08 2
(1cho) = 0,708
Co 1 cho ot m ot m 3 = 0,708
Nen: 3 = ot thu 3 + ot m 3 = 1,166
0,5
0,003 2
h
=
127
.
0
,
256
.
+
1
,
166
= 0,30.10 3 m
.
Vay: 3
0,032
2.9,81
4. Chieu cao bon cao v:

Trang 55
o an mon hoc
Chon :
Mat cat (1-1) la mat thoang chat long trong bon cao v.
Mat cat (2-2) la mat cat tai v tr nhap lieu thap.
Ap dung phng trnh Bernoulli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
= z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
2
P P v v1
z1 = z2 + 2 1 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
Trong o:
z1: o cao mat thoang (1-1) so vi mat at, hay xem nh la
chieu cao bon cao v Hcv = z1.
z2: o cao mat thoang (2-2) so vi mat at, hay xem nh la
chieu cao t mat at en v tr nhap lieu:
z2 = hchan + hay + (nttC 1).h
= 0,105 + 0,02 + (12 1).0,25 = 2,875 m
P1 : ap suat tai mat thoang (1-1), chon P1 = 1 at = 9,81.104
N/m2
P2 : ap suat tai mat thoang (2-2)
Xem P = P2 P1 = nttL .PL = 9. 286,27 = 2576,4 N/m2
v1 : van toc tai mat thoang (1-1), xem v1 = 0 m/s
v2 : van toc tai v tr nhap lieu, v2 = vF = 0,057 m/s
hf1-2 : tong ton that trong ong t (1-1) en (2-2):
hf1-2 = h1 + h2 + h3 = 8,63.10-3 m
2
2
P2 P1 v2 v1
+
Vay: Chieu cao bon cao v: Hcv
= z2 +
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
2576,4
0,057 2 0
+
= 2,875 +
+ 8,63.10-3
9,81.961,6
2.9,81
= 3,16 m
Chon Hcv = 5 m
VII.
Bm:
1. Nang suat:
Nhiet o dong nhap lieu la tF = 28oC.
Tai nhiet o nay th:
x
1 xF
1
0,1 1 0,1
= F +
=
+
Nen:
F = 970,2 kg/m3
F R
N
784,8 996,3
o nht cua nc: N = 8,36.10-4 N.s/m2
o nht cua ru: R = 0,51.10-3 N.s/m2
Nen: lgF = xF.lgN + (1 xF).lgA
F = 7,35.10-4 N.s/m2
Suat lng the tch cua dong nhap lieu i trong ong:
Trang 56
o an mon hoc
G F 1000
=
= 1,03 m3/h
F 970,2
Vay: chon bm co nang suat Qb = 2 m3/h
QF =
2. Cot ap:
Chon :
Mat cat (1-1) la mat thoang chat long trong bon cha
nguyen lieu.
Mat cat (2-2) la mat thoang chat long trong bon cao v.
Ap dung phng trnh Bernoulli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
+ Hb = z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2.g
2.g
Trong o:
z1: o cao mat thoang (1-1) so vi mat at, chon z1 = 1m.
z2: o cao mat thoang (2-2) so vi mat at, z2 = Hcv = 5m.
P1 : ap suat tai mat thoang (1-1), chon P1 = 1 at.
P2 : ap suat tai mat thoang (2-2), chon P2 = 1 at.
v1,v2 : van toc tai mat thoang (1-1) va(2-2), xem v1= v2 = 0 m/s
hf1-2 : tong ton that trong ong t (1-1) en (2-2).
Hb : cot ap cua bm.
2.1.
Tnh tong tr lc trong ong:
Chon ng knh trong cua ong hut va ong ay bang nhau:
dtr = 50 mm
Tra bang II.15, trang 381, [1] o nham cua ong: = 0,2 mm
= 0,0002
Tong tr lc trong ong hut va ong ay
lh + l
vF 2
hf1-2 =
h
.
d tr
2g
Trong o:
lh : chieu dai ong hut.
Chieu cao hut cua bm: Tra bang II.34, trang 441, [1] hh = 4,2
m
Chon lh = 6 m
l : chieu dai ong ay, chon l = 8 m
h : tong ton that cuc bo trong ong hut.
: tong ton that cuc bo trong ong ay.
: he so ma sat trong ong hut va ong ay.
vF : van toc dong nhap lieu trong ong hut va ong ay m/s
4Qb
4.2
vF =
=
= 0,283 m/s
2
3600d tr 3600. .0,050 2
11 Xac nh he so ma sat trong ong hut va ong ay :
Chuan so Reynolds :
v d
0,283.0,05.970,2
Re F = F tr F =
= 17053,8 > 4000 : che o chay
F
8,05.10 4
roi
Trang 57
o an mon hoc
Chuan so Reynolds ti han: Regh = 6(dtr/)8/7 = 3301,065
Chuan so Reynolds khi bat au xuat hien vung nham:
Ren = 220(dtr/)9/8 = 109674,381
V Regh < ReF < Ren che o chay roi ng vi khu vc qua
o.
100
+
Ap dung cong thc (II.64), trang 379, [1]: = 0,1.1,46.
d
Re
tr
F
= 0,033
0 , 25
12 Xac nh tong ton that cuc bo trong ong hut :

Cho uon cong :
Tra bang II.16, trang 382, [1]: Chon dang ong uon cong 90o co
ban knh R vi R/d = 2 th u1 (1 cho) = 0,15.
Ong hut co 2 cho uon u1 = 0,3
Van :
Chon van cau vi o m hoan toan th v1 (1 cai) = 10.
Ong hut co 1 van cau v1 = 10
Nen: h = u1 + v1 = 10,3
13 Xac nh tong ton that cuc bo trong ong ay :
Cho uon cong :
Tra bang II.16, trang 382, [5]: Chon dang ong uon cong 90o co
ban knh R vi R/d = 2 th u2 (1 cho) = 0,15.
Ong ay co 4 cho uon u2 = 0,15. 4 = 0,6
Van :
Tra bang 9.5, trang 94, [1]: Chon van cau vi o m hoan
toan th v2 (1 cai) = 10.
Ong ay co 1 van cau v2 = 10
Vao bon cao v : cv = 1
Nen: = u1 + v1 + cv = 11,6
6+8
0,283 2
+ 10,3 + 11,6 .
Vay: hf1-2 = 0,033
= 0,127 m
0,05
2.9,81
2.2.
Tnh cot ap cua bm:
Hb = (z2 z1) + hf1-2 = ( 5 1) + 0,127 = 4,127 m
3. Cong suat:
Chon hieu suat cua bm: b = 0,8.
Cong suat thc te cua bm: Nb =
Qb H b F .g 2.4,127.970,5.9,81
=
3600. b
3600.0,8
= 27,3 W
Ket luan: e am bao thap hoat ong lien tuc ta chon 2
bm li tam, co:
Nang suat: Qb = 2 m3/h
Cot ap: Hb = 4,127 m
Cong suat: Nb = 27,3 W
Trang 58
o an mon hoc
CHNG 6:
Tnh kinh te
Lng thep X18H10T can dung:
M1 = 21mmam + mthan + 2may(nap) = 243,43 kg
Lng thep CT3 can dung:
M2 = 8mbch noi than + mbch ghep ong long + mbch ghep ong hi
+ 4. mchan + 4. mtai treo + 4. mtam lot = 163,82 kg
So bulong can dung:
n = 164 (cai)
Chieu dai ong 38 x 3mm:
L1 = 837m
Chieu dai ong 70mm: Chon tong chieu dai ong dan
long vao thap la 10m.
Chieu dai ong 150mm: Chon tong chieu dai ong hi
nh thap va ong hi ay thap la L4 = 10m.
Chieu dai ong 50mm: Chon tong chieu dai ong chay
tran va ong xa ay t bon cao v, ong nhap lieu va
ong hoan lu la 40m.
Bm ly tam: chon 2 bm ly tam Nb = 2. 27,3 = 54,6 W
Vat lieu
So lng
Thep X18H10T
243,43
(kg)
163,82 (kg)
164 (cai)
50000 (/kg)
10000 (/kg)
2500 (/cai)
12171500
1638200
410000
837 (m)
10 (m)
10 (m)
40 (m)
54,6 (W)
2 (cai)
50000 (/m)
100000 (/m)
100000 (/m)
100000 (/m)
700000 (/Hp)
200000
41850000
1000000
1000000
4000000
56000
400000
Thep CT3
Bulong
Ong dan 38 x
3mm
Ong 70mm
Ong 150mm
Ong 50mm
Bm ly tam
Ap ke
n gia
Trang 59
Thanh
tien ()
o an mon hoc
Nhiet ke
3 (cai)
Lu lng ke (
50mm)
2 (cai)
Tong chi ph vat t
(/cai)
150000
(/cai)
1000000
(/cai)
450000
2000000
64975700
Vay tong chi ph vat t la 65 trieu ong.

Xem tien cong che tao bang 200% tien vat t.
Vay: tong chi ph la 195 trieu ong.
CHNG 7:
Ket luan
Vi he thong chng cat metanol - nc dung thap mam
xuyen lo nh a thiet ke, ta thay ben canh nhng u iem
cung con co nhieu nhc iem. Thiet b co u iem la nang
suat va hieu suat cao nhng thiet b con rat cong kenh, oi
hoi phai co s van hanh vi o chnh xac cao. Ben canh o,
khi van hanh thiet b nay ta cung phai het sc chu y en
van e an toan lao ong e tranh moi rui ro co the xay ra,
gay thiet hai ve ngi va cua.
Trang 60
o an mon hoc
Tai lieu tham khao

[1]. So tay Qua trnh va Thiet b Cong nghe Hoa hoc Tap 1,
HBK Ha Noi.
[2]. So tay Qua trnh va Thiet b Cong nghe Hoa hoc Tap 2,
HBK Ha Noi.
[3]. Vo Van Bang, Vu Ba Minh, Qua trnh va Thiet b trong
Cong Nghe Hoa Hoc Tap 3: Truyen Khoi, Nha xuat ban
ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 2004.
[4]. Pham Van Bon Nguyen nh Tho, Qua trnh va Thiet
b trong Cong Nghe Hoa Hoc Tap 5: Qua trnh va Thiet b
Truyen Nhiet, Nha xuat ban ai hoc Quoc gia TpHCM, 2002.
[5]. Pham Van Bon , Qua trnh va Thiet b trong Cong Nghe
Hoa Hoc Bai tap Truyen nhiet, Nha xuat ban ai hoc
Quoc gia TpHCM,2004.
[6]. Trnh Van Dung , Qua trnh va Thiet b trong Cong
Nghe Hoa Hoc Bai tap Truyen khoi, Nha xuat ban ai hoc
Quoc gia TpHCM,2004.
[7]. Ho Le Vien, Thiet ke va Tnh toan cac thiet b hoa
chat, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, Ha Noi, 1978.
[8]. Nguyen Minh Tuyen, C s Tnh toan May va Thiet b
Hoa chat Thc pham, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat,
Ha Noi, 1984.
Trang 61
o an mon hoc
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o an mon hoc

GVHD: Thay Mai Thanh Phong

Gii thieu ve nguyen lieu

Ly thuyet ve chng cat:

Quy trnh cong nghe

- Chon loai thap la thap mam xuyen lo. Thiet b hoat

II. Can bang vat chat:

T so lieu cua bang 1 ta xay dng o th t-x,y cho he

o th 1 o th t-x,y cho he Methnol- nc

0,9144 P + 0,0085W = 48,093.0,0588

o th 2: o th can bang pha cua he Methanol-nc ap

Thiet ke che tao thap

ng knh oan luyen

Chieu cao thap:

o th 3: o th xac nh so bac ly thuyet cua thap

2.2. Phan chng

4. Tr lc thuy tnh do chat long tren a tao ra:

Ta co: Squat - S = Sban nguyet

5. Tong tr lc thuy lc cua thap

6. Kiem tra ngap lut khi thap hoat ong:

Sd = 0,8 . Smam = 0,8. .0,42 = 0,10 m2

Ket luan: Kch thc cua ay va nap:

ng suat cc ai vong chu vi: max

oi vi ban co uc lo: l max

Kiem tra ieu kien ben:

(Cong thc 6.35, trang

VI. Bch ghep than ay va nap :

Tra bang IX.5, trang 170, [2], vi h = 250 mm khoang cach

VII. Chan thap :

mmam = Dt mm (100% 8% 10%) X 18 H 10T = .0.402.0,002.0,82.7900 =

mthan = .(D2ng D2t).Hthan . X18H10T = . 0,404 2 0,40 2 .5,042.7900 = 100,56

2. Tnh chan thap:

Khoi lng mot chan : mchan = 3,32 kg

VIII. Tai treo thap :

Khoi lng mot tai treo: mtai treo = 0,53 kg

Ca noi ong dan vi thiet b- bch noi

Ong dan thng c noi vi thiet b bang moi ghep

3. Ong hoan lu:

5. Ong dan long ra khoi ay thap:

Tnh thiet b phu

THIET B UN SOI AY THAP :

Chon thiet b un soi ay thap la noi un Kettle.

Nhiet o trung bnh cua mang nc ngng tu: tm =

THIET B NGNG TU SAN PHAM NH

Chon thiet b ngng tu vo ong loai TH, at nam ngang.

1. Suat lng nc lam lanh can dung :

2. Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh :

Tra bang V.II, trang 48, [2] chon n = 37 ong

3.2. Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau :

Tra bang V.II, trang 48, [2] vi so ong n = 37 th so ong

100% = 0,15% < 5% (thoa)

THIET B LAM NGUOI SAN PHAM NH :

Chon thiet b ngng tu vo ong loai TH, at nam ngang.

3.2. Nhiet tai qua thanh ong va lp cau:

Van toc cua dong san pham ay ngoai ong:

100% = 1,085% < 5% (thoa)

3.4. Xac nh he so truyen nhiet:

IV. Thiet b trao oi nhiet gia san pham

1. Nhiet o ra cua dong nhap lieu :

2. Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh :

Van toc thc te cua san pham ay trong ong:

Tai nhiet o nay th:

ng knh tng ng cua khoang khong ngoai ong:

Xac nh he so truyen nhiet: