GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS)

Submitted to Dr.B.M.Gurupadayya (prof.), Mr.R.S.Chandan(Ast.prof), Department of pharmaceutical analysis, J.S.S.C.P.

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GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS)

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) is a method that combines the features of gas-liquid chromatographyand mass spectrometryto identify different substances within a test sample.
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INSTRUMENTAT ION

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The GC-MS is composed of two major building blocks: thegas chromatograph and themass spectrometer. The gas chromatograph utilizes a capillary column which depends on the column's dimensions (length, diameter, film Click to edit Master subtitle well as the phase thickness) as style properties (e.g. 5% phenyl polysiloxane). The difference in the chemical properties between differentmolecules in mixture will separate the 12/8/12 a

The molecules take different amounts of time (called the retention time) to come out of (elute from) the gas chromatograph, and this allows the mass spectrometer downstream to capture, ionize, accelerate, deflect, and detect the ionized molecules separately. The mass spectrometer does this by breaking each molecule intoionized fragments and detecting these fragments using their mass to charge 12/8/12 ratio.

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These two components, used together, allow a much finer degree of substance identification than either unit used separately. It is not possible to make an accurate identification of a particular molecule by gas chromatography or mass spectrometry alone. The mass spectrometry process normally requires a very pure sample 12/8/12 while gas chromatography using a

Sometimes two different molecules can also have a similar pattern of ionized fragments in a mass spectrometer (mass spectrum). Combining the two processes reduces the possibility of error, as it is extremely unlikely that two different molecules will behave in the same way in both a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer. Therefore, when an identifying mass spectrum appears at a characteristic 12/8/12 retention time in a GC-MS analysis, it

Types of Mass Spectrometer Detectors

The most common spectrometer (MS) type of mass

associated with a gas chromatograph (GC) is the quadrupole mass spectrometer.

Another relatively common detector is the ion trap mass spectrometer. 12/8/12

Types of Ionization
Electron Ionization
By far the most common and perhaps standard form of ionization is electron ionization(EI). The molecules enter into the MS (the source is a quadrupole or the ion trap itself in an ion trap MS) where they are bombarded with free electrons emitted from a filament.

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Chemical Ionization
In chemical ionizationa reagent gas, typically methaneorammoniais introduced into the mass spectrometer. Positive Chemical Ionization In Positive Chemical Ionization (PCI) the reagent gas interacts with the target molecule, most often with a proton exchange. This produces the species in relatively high amounts.
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Negative Chemical Ionization In Negative Chemical Ionization (NCI) the reagent gas decreases the impact of the free electrons on the target analyte. This decreased energy typically leaves the fragment in great supply.

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Applications

Environmental Monitoring and Cleanup Criminal Forensics Law Enforcement Security Food, Beverage and Perfume Analysis

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REFERENCES
1.

Instrumental analysis by Skoog and Haller page no:876-879. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis GurdeepR.Chatwal page no: 2.699 Google search

2.

3.

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THAN KU
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