1

iudjf jeo.;alu
ohdohd-lreKdj hqla;-s idOdrKh wNsnjd hhs
iudj wdYSjdoh ,eug w;HjYHu h;=rla jeksh iudj iy miq;e,a,
fohkajykafiaf.a .xdj ksoyiaj wm ;=<g .,df.k taug u mdohs wmf.a yoj;a
j, we;s >gk ksrdlrKh lsu msKsi tajd wfma u;lhg f.ktaug Y=oaOd;auhdKkag
wms wjirh h hq;= f
wmf.a ;fha iy wm wjg Y=oaOd;auhdKkaf.a ls%hdld;ajh ksoyia lrkakg w;HjYH
lreKq ;=kla ;sf
m<uqj fohkajykafiaf.a Yd,;ajh ms<sn| wmg t<sorjla ;sh hq;=h tk
fohkajykafiag ish,a, l< yels nj wm fydka wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h ^la 1(37&
fojkqj fohkajykafia fl;r fm%auKSho lshd;a Wkajykafia uf.a s; ld,h ;=<
ud .ek b;d ie,ls,su;a jk njg;a t,sorjla ;sh hq;=h ^fhrhd 31(3& ukqIHhka
bkakd wdldrfhkau ms<sf.k Tjqkag fm%au lsug fohkajykafia iQodk nj lSug uu
b;du;a leue;af;' tfy;a Tjqka bkakd iajNdjfhkau fkd;nd Tjqkaj fjkia lsug
;r fohkajykafiaf.a tu fm%auh b;d uy;ah
wjidka jYfhka foaj fm%auh ;=< .uka lr wka whg th .,d hEug ie,eiah hq;= wdldrh
ms<sn| t,srjla ;su w;HjYHh ;u ld,h iy im;a wka wh Wfoid je.sug yelafla
ksoyia yoj;lg muKs
Yla;sh Wrd.kakd ;=jd,
uu ls;=kq iNd kdhlfhl= f,i jir 17 la fiajh lr we;af;' is;a ;ejq, iy is;a ;=jd,
u ksid fndfyda fofkl=f.a yoj;a j, Yla;sh Wrd .kakd nj uu fidhd.;s' ffoksl
;hg jeh jk Yla;sh wl jQ g wka wh Wfoid jeh lsug b;sjkafka iaj,am Yla;s
m%udKhls'
;k fiajh i|yd fyda ;udf.a uqo,a wjYH;djhka i|yd fyda ydialula i|yd fyda foka
Yajdi lrkak lshd ukqIHhkag lS g Tjqyq fyg ojij;a .eg .y.kakg ne fldg
uf.a ;h fohkajykafiag imQKfhkau lem lrkafka fldfyduo@ lshd lsh;s f
ish,a,gu iu / we;af;a miq;e,a, iy iudju ;=< nj uu Yajdi lr
jeisuh f,i n,k l< wm iskafka OdkH fmd,k lu;lh wmf.a msg; >k fmd;a;
bj;a lr cd;ska Wfoid wdydrhla f,i iQodk lrka mj;shs fnd,a jQ fldgi bj;a
fuka miqj OdkHh Nd;hg iqiq fjhs
;uka .e,jqldrjQ fuishiajykafiao lshd ukqIHfhda fhdydka n;Sia;f.ka weiQy' thg
ms<s;=re foka Wkajykafia fufiA lS fial
1

la 3(16 '''ud Tn n;Siau lrkafka j;=ks' tfy;a ug jvd n,.;= flfkla u mefKhs'
t;=ukaf.a md ,s ism .kakg ;rj;a uu fkdj' t;=udfKda Y=oaOd;auhdKka
jykafiaf.ka yd .skafkka Tn n;Siau lrk fial'
wms fld;r tu mohg ms%h lrkjdo@ fuu moh weiqfrka Y=oaOd;au n;Siauh ms<sn|
wm fld;r foaYkd wid ;sfnkjdo@ tfy;a fuu moh wms fydka lshjd n,uq
la 3(17 lu; fyd| ye m;% lrkakg;a" OdkH ish wgqfjys /ia lrkakg;a" t;=ukaf.a
l=,a, t;=uka w; ;sf' tfy;a fnd,a" t;=udfKda fkdksfjk .skafkys fy<kq we;ehs lSfh'
iajdkajykafia fu;ek mjid iskafka wmf.a ; Wkajykafiag lem l< jydu t;=<
we;s fnd,a .skafkka ojd,kakg t;=uka lem isk njhs Wkajykafiag tfia lsug bv
ug Tn leu;s o@
uf; 22(37-39 fhaiqiajykafia ms<s;=re fok fiala" Tf uq yDofhkao Tf uq jfhkao
Tf uq nqoafhkao Tf fohkajykafia jQ iajdkajykafiag fma%u lrkak' m%Odk yd
fYA%IaG wd{dj thhs' ta yd iudk fojekaklao we;' tk Tn Tngu fm%au lrk fia Tf
wi,ajeishdg;a fma%u lrkak hkakhs'
;k fiajh ms<sn| iy bjekac,sia; fiajh ms<n| fndfyda jeis jdlH mjid we;
fohkajykafia ug fmkajd ka wdldrhg k m<uq Y;jIfha iNdj ;k fiajh i|yd
msg;aj .sfha tjlg Tjqkag uqyqK ug isjqK mSvd ksidh tfy;a j;udkfha Wkajykafia
msg;alr hjk iEu ;k fiajlfhla iy bjekac,sia; fiajlfhlau msg;aj hkafka
imQKfhkau Tjqkaf.a yoj;aj, ms b;s hk foaj fm%auh ksidh'
fohkajykafia bfha wjxl jQ f;kdjla jk foaj fm%auh wmj .%yKh fldg bhg
hdug wm fmd<Ujhs wjidk ld,j,aj, we;s f uyd wiajekak fk,d .ekSug wms mshjr
k.kafka fm%aufhka ms fiajl yoj;lsks fujeks uyd ksfhda.hla wm bfha mj;sk
fujeks wjia:djl fm!oa.,sl ;fha m%Yak iy n,mE Wfoid wkjYH f,i Yla;sh
kdia;s l< hq;= fkdf
fpkd;aul is;=,s iy jpk
wmf.a cS;fha ms we;s wiqNjd" RKd;aul foaj,a wka whg fiajh lsu iy fm%au
lsfuka wmj j,lajhs wmf.a is;=,s iy jpk u.ska ls%ia;=iajykafiaf.a wkq.%yh ;=<
ksoyiaj ls%hd lsug wmg ndOd we;s lrhs mdjq,a fuys we;s jeo.;alu fufia mejiSh(
2 fldka;s 10(5 fohkajykafia ms<sn| i;H-wjfndaOhg tfrysj ;ukau ke.S isk
fndre Wiial yd ;l-;l tu.ska wms |fy<kafkuq' iEu is;s,a,lau
l%sia;=iajykafiag lSlre lrjk msKsi w;awvx.=jg .kafkuq'
ksfhdala kqjr iQ udla jla, k foaj odihd b.ekajQ m;% yoj;a we;af;da k
mdGud,dj wms wOHhkh flf<uq th ug fvd, ,shkhlg jvd wk> nj jegysKs'
isoaOdka; iy foajOuhg muKla iSud jQ foa tu.ska m%dfhda.slj w;alSug yels h
2

fodia;nkakd iy iekis,slrejd hk fofokd fjkaj ykd.ekSu .ek mdGud,df fojk

mfofha mjid ;snQ foh ug lsisl,l wu;l fkdfjhs tys udla fkdhj mjid
isfha wiqNdjd RKd;aul ish is;=,s mefKkafka i;=rdf.ka nj;a ;h
f.dvke.sh yels ish iqNjd Odkd;aul is;=,s mefKkafka Y=oaOd;auhdKkaf.ka
nj;ah Tyq mjik wdldrhg i;=rd iEu gu wiqNjdj" RKd;aulj ls%hdlrk w;r
Y=oaOd;auhdfKda ks;ru Y=Njdj" Okd;aul f,i ls%hd lr;s
tl, ud fohkajykafiaf.a lg y~g ijka fokafka flfiao lshd bf.k .kakg mgka
.;a;d muKs fohkajykafia fndfyda wjia:dj, wfma is;=,s ;=,ska l:d lrk nj uu
f;are fkdf.k isfh ud f;are f.k is wdldrhg foaj y~ weiSug k fndfyda
hd{dfjka iy ksrdydrfhka ish hq;=h tfia lf<d;a b| ysg fohkajykafiaf.a
lgy~ weiSug yels f hhs uu is;=fj uyd .ckdjla o ,sflula iy N+lmdjla
o we;sfjkq we;ehs ud is;d isfh tg fohkajykafia wo ug l:d l<d hhs mejiSug
mqjka fjkq we;
idudkH is;=,s ;=<ska Wkajykafiag l:d l< yels nj uu k fkdisfh b;d ishq
y~lska l:d fldg" f udjf;a .uka lrkak lshd Wkajykafia ug mjik nj uu k
fkdisfh ^fhidhd 30(21&'
fohkajykafia f wdldrfhka l:d lrk nj f;are .;a miq hCIhdo f wdldrfhkau
l:d lrk nj f;are .ekSu ug mquhla fkdh Tng hCIhd l:d lrkjd b;d myiqfjka
weish yel Tng Tyqf.a uquqKk y~ weiS ;sfo@ tfy;a Bg jvd b;d n,j;aj
fohkajykafia Tng ks;ru l:d lrhs
udla bka miqj mjid isfha fodia;nkakd ks;ru fodia ;nka isk w;r
iekis,sodhlhdfKda ks;ru iekis,a, f.fkka isk njhs fuh ir, lshukla jqj;a tys
w:h .eUqreh
ls;=Kq weoys,sjka;fhla jQ udla ;u is;=,s mCId lsf idudkHfhka is;=,sj,ska
ishhg 80lau wiqNjd" RKd;aul is;=,s nj jgyd.;af;ah' tajd fndfyda fpkd;aul"
fodia;ef is;=,s h tfia Tyqf.a is;=,s j,ska ishhg 20 la muKla iqNjd is;s,s
jQ w;r ishhg 80la wiqNjd is;=,s h
fuu ixLHdf,aLk ikd: lsu i|yd Tyq wmg l=vd mCIKhla mejh tu.ska Tmamq
jQfha mx;sfha is whf.a is;=,s j,ska ishhg wiQjla RKd;aul jQjd muKla fkdj uf.au
is;=,s j,skao ishhg wiQjlau wiqNjd jk njhs fuhska uf.a yojf;a iajNdjh olskakg
yelsh ug fl k fldfy;au ms<s.kak nE iajdks' uf.a ;fhka ishhg wiQjla
i;=rdg ndr lr j;afjkak neye' lshd uu hd{d flf< Tf is;s,s mlaIdjg
,la l< fyd;a m%;sM,h l=ula fo @
Tn ls;=Kqjkaf.a l;dnyg;a f,dalhdf.a l;dnyg;a ijka fokafkak ish,a,kagu we;af;a
tlu .egjla nj k.kq we; ukqIHhka l:d lrkafka fudkjdo@ ;udg isjQ
widOdrKl .ek;a wka wh ;ukag reoaOj lr we;s jer .ek;a Tjqkaf.a is;a ojd
;sfnk wdldr .ek;a Tjqka l:d lr;s
3

wka wh ;ukaf.a is;a ojd we;s nj;a ;ukag jer wdldrfhka i,ld we;s nj;a
ish,a,kau f ms<sn|j jerlrejka nj;a Tjqka fmkajd fo;s f w;ru ;uka wka whf.ka
fndfyda w;jrhkg md;%jk wysxilhka nj lshka ta nj Tmamq lsug lreKq o f.dkq
lrka is;s f wdldrfhka wm .ek mlaId fldg ne,Sf wmf.a is;=,s o ishhg
wiQjlau Ndr lr we;af;a ksYaphld fpkd;aul wiqNjd RKd;aul is;=,s j,gh
fjd mefKkafka i;=rdf.kah wm foajdYSjdoh je jefhka w;a fkdlSug fya;=j
l=ulao lshd ka Tng fmkShkjd we;
uu fohkajykafiag m%;spdrh lajQ wdlrh ug isyshg kef.hs iajdks f .ek
Tnjykafia ug Wmldr l< hq;=h wka wh .ek wiqNjd fpkd;aul is;=,a,la we;sjQ
jydu ta nj ug yjd fokak lshd hd{d lf, fufia j;aug wjYH yslauf
yoj;la fyda Bg wjYH Yla;sh fyda ug fkd;snqfkah tksid kamiq tfia fkdlrk nj
fmdfrdka ug uu h jqfk uf.a is;=,s Okd;aul iqNjd jkh kslaujk is;s,s
njg mj;kh u i|yd ud ;=, ydialula is h hq;=j ;snqfkah
jkh l:d lsug ;SrKh lsu
W;am;a;s fmdf;a ;=kajk mfofha fYaI .ia folla ms<sn|j mjid we; f ms<sn|
j ud wjqre .Kkdjla W.kajd we; la fcdhsk iy fg ye.d o f ms<sn| j
,shd ;sf
Whfka jevqKq .ia fol k jkfha .i iy hym; iy whym; k.ekSf .ihs wdo
iy taj f;dard.;af;a l=uk .io@ Tjqka f;dard.;af;a hym; iy whym; k.ekSf
.i nj wms oksuq thg fya;=j k hym; iy whym; f;dardf.k fohkajykafia fuka
ug Tjqkaj fm<UjQ neks
fuu .ig ksYapfha .i hhs wmg lSug mqMZjk wmf.a Wv=lu iy iajhxfmdaIs; nj
ksid keu wjia:djlg iqiq idOdrK wjxl ksYaphka .ekSug wjYH wjfndaOh we;s
nj wmg yefhs wms ks;e;skau fndfyda wjia:dj, ksYaph lrkafkuq tfia lrk
fndfyda wjia:dj, RKd;aul wiqNjd uOHia: fkdjQ mCI .%dyS iy widOdrK f,i
wm w;ska th is flfrhs
ksYaph fkdlrk f,i Y=oaOd;auhdKka wmsg mjid isk nj uu Yajdi lr isoaka
fyda tlsfkld ksYaph lsu fyda kj;d ta fjkqjg ish,a,kag iudj jkh .,d hEug
wm bv yeh hq;=h
fg ye.d mjik wkaoug hym; iy kmqr k.ekSf .iska wkqNj lsu hkafkka
woyia lrkafka ksYaph lsuh th ks;ru fodia mejf M, ksmojhs fodia mejfuka
isfjkafka i;=rd iu yjq,a in|;djla we;s lr .ekSuh Tyq ifydaorhkag reoaOj
ks;ru fodia mjrhs th fjk mqoa.,fhl=f.a jrola fyda ;udf.a jrola ug mqMZjk
fodia;eu we;s ;ekl ljqre fyda mqoa.,fhla ks;r jerlre fjhs fuh i;Hhla
fkdfo@ fuh ksia iajNdjhhs ks;r wkqka ksYaph lrkafkda wiqNjd RKd;aul
mqoa.,hka njg mj:kh fj;s Tjqyq idOdrKh bgq lrkq uekjehs lshd fokag ks;r
fudr .i;s
4

.e,u ,en Y=oaOd;aufhka ms isk wmf.a yoj; k Whfka kej; jrla jkfha jDCIh
isgqjd we; wm tu jkfha jDCIfhka wkqNj lf<d;a isjkafka l=ula o@ th wka whj;a
wmj;a f.dvk.d ffOhu;a lr jOkhg fhduq lrhs jkfha .fika lkakd wka whg
wdYsjdo lrkjd i Ydm lrkafka ke;' iudj fokjd i fodia mjrkafka ke;
1996 uu fmkaisflda,df tfi,s T*a f.da iNdf fcdaka ls,ame%la iu. ld,hla
.; flf< wjqre .Kkdjlg fmr" ;u iNdjg ix.S; lKavdhul wjYH;dj .ek
hd{d lrka is whqre Tyq ug lSfh Tyq fndfyda g hd{d lf<a iajdks" ug
ix.S; lKavdhulau kE hs lshks'
ix.S; lKavdhulg fjka l< ysia bfvys weka Tyq ks;r hd{d lf<ah mshdfkdaj
jdokhg yer wka lsisu jdok NdKavhla jehSug flfkla fkdisfhah km;du f.dia
fuu wvqj .ek fokag ueis,s fovqfh' fohks" f ksiaiq fldfyao@ ls;=Kq Yrhg
is ;sfnkafka l=ulao@ f wh bhg we;a ix.S;h jdokh fkdlrkafka wehs@ hhs
lshka Tyq ks;r fokag fl|s .Efh fufia lsfuka Tyq w;ska isjQfha ;u jpk
Wmfhda.S lrka ish,a,u ksYaph lrka jro ;euhs
kla fohkajykafia Tyqg l:d fldg Tn ueis,s fodvjkjd fjkqjg ukqIHhkag
wdYSjdo lrkak mgka.kak lshd mejiQfial fuu woyi Tyqj u;hg m;a lf<ah miqj
Tyq tu ia:dkhg f.dia" fuu ia:dkhg wdYSjdo lrkak mefKkak isk mqoa.,hkag
wdYSjdo lrkak Tnjykafiaf.a lreKdj Tjqka u; mefKajd rcqkaf.a rc iajdkaf.a
iajdkag jdokh lsug mefKk Tjqkag wdYSjdo fjd lshd Tyq fohkajykafiag
hd{d lf<ah
tfia mjid b;d iqMZ ld,hl mqoa.,fhla Tyq fj;g ;a ;udg g%m tlla we;s nj;a
th ;rula fydka jdokh lsf yelshdjla ;udg we;s nj;a lshd leu;s k mshdfkdaj
iu ;ukago jdokh lsug wjirh fokakehs b,afh fcdaka f ms<sn|j mquhg m;aj
tfia lsug wjirh kafkah b;du;a iqMZ ld,hlska fkdfhl=;a fokd meK tys jQ wvqj
ke;s lf<dah ix.S; lKavdhug fjkajQ ia:dkh imQKfhkau ms .sfhah
fuys k.; hq;= jeo.;au lreK k wdYSjdod;aul jkfha jpk l:d lsf we;s
jkdlu Tyq fohkajykafiaf.ka bf.k.ekSuh bka wk;=rej tu iNdj ;=< b;du;a
uy;a n,j;a msula wdrN h
jkh i urKh l:d fkdlsu b;du;au jeo.;ah
wrg Ydm lrkjd fjkqjg bmkaoula ,au jvd fyd|h hk lshuk u;l ;nd .kak
wmf.a is;=,s .%yKh lr hgm;a lsug h fohla l< hq;=uh wms fjkia ug wdYd
h hq;=h iajdks uf.a wNHka;r iajNdjh imQKfhkau fjkia lrkak wvqu ;rka
ishhg iaila wiqNjdj Rkd;aulj o ishhg wiQjla iqNjdj Okd;aul f,i o fjkia
lr.kak msysg fjkak'
Tnf.a yojf;a f foh ;SrKh lr.kak Y=oaOd;auhdKka ks;ru Y=Njd Okd;aul jk
w;r id;ka ks;ru wiqNjd Rkd;aulh m<uqj f foa weiq l, fuh wka;jd lshukla
5

f,i ug ye=ks tfy;a i;s .Kkla f ms<sn|j fkdfhl=;a wdldrfhka lreKq uid
ne,Sfuka miq th i;Hhla hhs ms<s.;s fohkajykafia wmj ksjer lrk wjia:dj,
th ks;ru iqNdjd Okd;aul Ydjlg keUqrefjk w;r Wkajykafia ks;ru jkh yd
u f.k fohs fuh Wkajykafiaf.a yoj;hs
i;=rd ks;ru wiqNjdh" RKd;aulh i;=rd mefKkafka fidrl lrkak;a urkak;a
kdY lrkag;a muKs ^fhdydka 10(10& Tyq ks;ru fodia ;nhs kdY lrhs Tyqf.a woyi
is; fodia ;eu h n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla fkdue;slu f.k tau;a mdmhg iy jrog
m;alsu;ah wmf.a is;=,s hgm;a lr .%yKh lsug wjYH k i;=rd wm flf we;s
n,mEfuka ksoyia h hq;=h ^2 fldka;s 10(5&'
jkfha .fika wkqNj lsu hkqfjka woyia lrkafka Y=oaOd;auhdKkag wmf.a yoj;a
ilialsug bv wm ;=, .,d hEug bv uh wjg iskakkag ks;r wdYSjdo lr"
iudj m%ldY lsfuka wm ;=< ksu, njla we;s lrhs jro;eula ke;s ;ek jrola o
ke;'
hym; iy kmqr k.kSf .iska lEug fmr wdo iy taj ksu,j isfhdah ye.d
mjik wkaoug Y=oaOd;au wdf,amh .,d hkafka wysxil yoj;la ;=,ska muKs fuu is;=,a,
ud u;hg m;a l< w;r th i;Hhla nj uu oks
wm wi, fkdisk wm fkdokakd mqoa.,hka .ek l:d lsfuka wms fndfyda g je,lS
isuq wm iu. lsgq inkaO;djhla fkd;nk mqoa.,hkag wmj fldamhg m;alsug fyda
wmf.a yoj;a .eUqfrka ;=jd, lsug fyda fokdjg m;a lsug kqmqtZjk
wmj fokdjlg m;a l< yels mqoa.,fhda k wmg b;d lsgq mqoa.,fhdah fYaIfhka
wm flf wdm;Hla we;s foumshka iNd kdhlhka .=rejreka ;u ydmq;=kah jeks
wh f ta w;r wms fndfyda n,dfmdfrd;a;= r|jd ;sfnk wmf.a ;=rka o f fldgigu
wh;a f fuu mqoa.,hkag wmj fokdjg m;a lsug yelshdj ;sf tfyhska Tjqkaj
ks;r ksYaph lsf mqreoaola we;s ug bvlv je w;r fuhska Tjqka .ek jer is;=,s
f.dvkef.a' fjd fl<jrjkafka Tjqkag fodaIdfrdamKh lsfuks'
ksYaph lsf kS;sh
Y=oaOd;auhdKka wm yoj;a mCIdlr .eUqfrka ls%hd lsug leu;sj isshs
uf; 7(1-2 wkqka ksYaph lrkakl= fkd jkak' tg Tn;a tjeks ksYaphlg yiq fkd
jkq we;' ukao" Tng ksYaph mefKkafka Tn wkHhka ksYaph lrk whqkauh Tn
uek fok fukau Tng;a uek fokq ,ef' Tn fuu moh Yajdi lrkjdo@
fhaiqiajykafia tfia mejiSh' uu th Yajdi lrkafk fuys mjikafka Tng reoaOj
l< jer Wfoid hqla;sh idOdrKh b,a,d isfhd;a Tn wka whg i,lk wdldrfhkau
Tng o i,lkq ,nk njhs Tng m%;sldr lrkq ,nkafka Tn wka whg m%;sldr l< fnfy;a
jfgdareju Wmfhda.s lrf.kh

uu fuys we;s n,h f;are .;a miq iajdkS jefhkau idudj fok fm%auh m%ldY lrk
wka wh f;are .kakd jQ mqoa.,hd uu h hq;=h fohkajykafiaf.ka fyda hCIhdf.ka
fyda ,eh hq;=j ;sfnk ksYaph ,eug uu fkdlefu;af; hs lshd hd{d lf<'
wjqre .Kkdjlg fmr iajdkajykafia ug l:d lr hqla;sh idOdrK;ajh hym;ah"
tfy;a ohd-lreKdj Bg;a jvd fyd|h hkqfjka foajjpkfha we;s m%;sm;a;sh .ek lshd
kafial' hqla;sh idOdrKh foaj jHjia:djlah thska mjikafka Tn ug ;=jd, lf,d;a
ug o Tng ;=jd, l< yels njhs Tn h flfkl=g jrola lf,d;a tu jro ksjer l<
hq;=h hqla;sh idOdrKh ms<sn| wmg we;s wjfndaOhg fuh jegfya' weilg weila o;lg
o;la ;hlg ;hla h hq;=h idOdrKh k fuh f
Tn hqla;sh idOdrKh b,a,d iskafka k Tn inkaOfhkao tu kq oKavu Wmfhda.S
lr.; hq;=h fuh foaj jHjia:djls fuh hym;a fukau idOdrKh tfy;a hCIhdo
ls%hdlrkafka fujeksu mirhlh kvq mjrkakd Tyqh jro ;nkakd;a Tyqh fuys .egMZj
k Tn iska lr we;s jer j,g idOdrK o~qjula ,enqfkd;a tu je/oao ksjer lsug
iodld,h jqjo fkdiEfyah tfia jqj;a wmg fodia;eug i;=rdg fkdyels ;ekla we;
tu ia:dkh k fhaiqiajykafiaf.a wkq.%yfha ia:dkhhs th lreKdf fm%aufha iy iudj
f ia:dkhhs
fuh jvd hym;a Wiia ia:dkhls wkq.%yh iy lreKdj wkqj ;h .;l<fyd;a
id;kag t;ekg <d ug fkdyel t;ekg meKSug Tyqg whs;shla ke; Tn fuh
okakjdo@ tfy;a Tnf.a ld,fhka ishhg wiQjla ksYaph lrka hqla;sh idOdrKh
fidhka isfhd;a Tnf.a ld,fhka ishhg wiQjl id;=rdg jdih lsug whs;shla ;sf
uf.a yojf;a hd{dj k fo iajdkS foaj wkq.%yh ;=< je jefhka j;a ug
Wmldr lrkq uekj lshdh
uf; 7(3-5 Tfu wefia we;s ,S fldgh .ek lsis wjOdkhla fkd olajd" Tf
ifydaorhdf.a wefia we;s ,S l=v .ek mr lrkafka wehs@ Tf wefiys yeu gu ,S
fldghla ;sh Tf ifydaorhd wu;d" Tf wefia we;s ,S l=v bj;a lrkak bv fokakehs
lshkafka flfiao@ fflrdlh" m<uqfldg Tfu wefia we;s ,S fldgh bj;a lr .kak'
tg Tf ifydaorhdf.a wefiys we;s ,S l=v bj;a lsug meye,sju Tng fmfkkq
we;'
wka whf.a jer lSug ;shqKq weila ys wm wfmau jer bfha wkaOh' ksoyia ;hla
.; lsug fuh wjfndaO lr.ekSu b;d wjYHh fhaiqiajykafia fuys lshkafka
m<uqfjkau ;ukaj ksYaph lr.kak lshdh Tnf.a mdm j,g lreKdj laula
wjYHk Tn wka whg fndfyda fia lreKdj lah hq;=h Ydm fkdlr wdYSjdo
mejiSug mgka.kak fufia lsfuka b;d uy;a ksoyila Tng ,efnhs
wka wh wmg l< ;=jd, iy is;a o .ek we;s ;s;a;l isf;a r|jdf.k iSu ksid
wmf.a Yla;sh fndfyda fia kdia;s fjhs tfy;a wms wka whg i,lk wdldrh ms<sn|j
fm!oa.,sl ksCIKhla fkdlrkafkuq wka wh wmg l< jer j,g lreKdj iy wkq.%yh

fmkajka iudjfuka h .; lf<d;a fhaiqiajykafiaf.a h.y b;du;a myiq nj;a

t;=udf.a nr ieye,a nj;a f;are .ekSug yelsfjkq we; ^uf; 12(30&
jemsf iy fk,d.ekSf kHdh
fhaiq ikaf.a joka foi n,uq"
la 6(37-38 wkqka ksYaph fkdlrkak tg Tn;a ksYaph lrkq fkd,ef' wkqka jrog
m;a fkdlrkak tg Tn;a jrog m;a lrkq fkd,ef' ludj fokak tg Tng;a lud
lrkq ,ef' fokak tg Tng;a fokq ,ef' Tjqyq Tng;a fyd| fuka Tn Tnd" fid,j
fid,jd" ms b;sfrkakg Tf Tfvdlal=jg uek fokq we;' Tn uek fok fukau Tng;a
uek fokq ,ef'
f jemsf yd fk,d.ekSf kHdfhys we;s n,h wm fidhd n,kafka uqo,a fuka ,efnk
wdYSjdoh ms<sn|j i,ld ne,Sf muKla u mquhla fkdfo@ kuq;a fuys mjikafka
uqo,a wdYSjdo ms<sn|j muKla fkdf' fuys fYaIfhkau mjikafka foaj wkq.%yh ksoyia
lsu ms<sn|jh
kslauhdu 20(4 mjid we;s wkaoug mshdf.a mdm mrmrd y;rlg .,dhhs wmf.a ;fha
wiqNjd Rkd;aul foaj,a kej; kej;;a isf rgdjla olsk l, i;=rd wmf.a ;hg
we;=,aug Wmfhda.S lr.;a fodrgq wjfndaO lr.ekSug mqMZjk tu fodrgq ;j;a mrmrd
.Kkdjlg jD;j ;nd.ekSug i;=rdg Wjukd we;
u;amekg jy,a jQ msfhl=f.a orejd o tu mqreoaog jy,a ;=kajk mrmrdj olajd th
me;s hEu ms<sn| WodyrKhla .kak tfia;a ke;ak mshdf.a fnlu l uu k
ljodj;a fnoafola tlal jdy fjkafkau keye hs jqrd.kakd hKshlf.a WodyrKh
.kak
jdy jir mylg miq wE wef.a iajdhd foi n,d lshkafka ug k wdfha th;a
tlal j;a fjkak nE thd fnoafola fj,d uf.a orejkag jo ysxid lrkjd uf.a ;d;a;d
jf.auhs lshdh fudjqkag fudkjo fj,d ;sfnkafka" fufyu fohla isfjkak hk njg
fmr ks;s lafl keoao@ lshd iuyr g wms fujeks wjia:d j, wid we;af;uq'
mqudldr wdlYKhlska i;=rd ;ud imhg ukqIHhka weo.kshs wk;=rej Tjqyq
i;=rdf.a yia;hg yiq fj;s fuh fohkajykafiaf.a hqla;sh iy idOdrKfha kHdh
ls%hd;aul uh id;ka tu kHdh yhdlrj ls%hdlrkjdo lshd fydka n,d ishs Tyq
jemsf iy fk,d.ekSf jHjia:dj ^.,d;s 6(7-8& Wmfhda.s lr.kshs ukqIHhka ;u
foumshkaj ksYaph lr;s tu ksYaph lsu fya;=fjka i;=rd th wmrdOhla f,i
fmkaug kS;suh whs;shla ,nd.kshs tfia jqj;a fohkajykafiaf.a leue;a; k iudj
iqjlsuhs

hqla
l;
a sh idOdrKh o ke;fyd;a ohdohd-lreKdj fmkau o@
wmf.a mdmfha l=,sh jrog jkah fhaiqiajykafia l=reish u; ord .;af;ah uf.a mshd
fnoafola ug Tyqj fmkakkak nE lshd Tn mjik g Tn ksjer f,i Tf mshd
lr we;s iEu wjevlg iy mjid we;s iEu fohlgu fodia ;nkafkah' tfia;a ke;ak
jro ;nkafkah thska Tn mjid iskafka hqla;sh iy idOdrKh bIaG lrk f,ih is;a
oul iy ;s;a;lul uq,anei isk wms ksYaphla b,a,d isuq tg wm lr we;s mdm
Wfoido hqla;sh idOdrKh bIaG u ish hq;= w;r ta i|ydo f.ula l< hq;=h hk
merKs .siqf jHjia:duh ls%hdj,shg wms o we;=,a jkafkuq tfia lsfuka Tn is lrkafka
i;=rdg Tnf.a ksjfia h;=r fokjd yd iudk fohlah
we;s tlu wdrCIs; m%;spdrh fufia hd{d lsuh( iajdks" Tnjykafiaf.a lreKdj
Tjqkg fmkajkq uekj' ohd lreKdj ksYaph wNsnjd hkq ,efjd ^hdfld 2(13&' iajdkS
Tnjykafia uf.a we;s fu;r ish wmrdOj,g iudj kakdfiau Tnjykafia ug we;s
rdcHfha h;=r /f.k ish fokdju iudjfuka ksoyia lrkafk ug reoaOjdl l<
is;a o l< ug reoaOj ish wmrdO l< ish,a,kakg iudj ksoyia lr
uf; 18(23-35 i|yka lr we;s l:dj fydka lshjd n,kak fuu l:df tu rcq ;u
fiajlfhl=g remsh,a ,shk .Kkdjl uqo,la Khg ka w;r th kej; f.ug Tyqg
kqmqjka jQ nj o fhaiqiajykafia mejiqfh
kla rcq fiajlhdf.ka tu Kh uqo, b,a,d isfhah' ;ukag tu uqo, f.ug fkdyels
ksid lreKdj fmkajk f,i Tyq b,a,d isfhah tfy;a rc Tyqf.ka uq Kh uqo, b,a,d
isfhah' f.ug fkdyels k Tyq;a Tyqf.a mjq,;a Tyqg whs;s ish,a,u;a l=Kd yels
muK uqo,la kej; whlr.kakd f,i wK lf<ah
tg fiajlhd rcq bfha u je lreKdlr ug iudj fokq uekj ug Tnf.a lreKdj
fmkajkq uekj lshd b;du;au ne.Em;aj b,a,d isfhah tg rcq Tyqj ksoyia lr lula
kE' Tng tu uqo, lsis l,l f.ug neye' th wu;l lrkak uu iudj fo' Tn f.dia
Tng whs;s jevla lrkak lshd ksoyia lr yefhah Tnf.a Kh nfrka uu Tnj ksoyia
lr hk jpk weiSu ksid fiajlhdf.a yojf;a fl;r ia;=;shla yg .kakg we;ao@
kuq;a" f isoah wjika jQ jydu Tyq ;udg Khj is wfkla fiajlfhl=f.a f.,ska w,a,d
;u Kh uqo, jk remsh,a 500 jydu f.jk f,i n, l< wdldrh fhaiqiajykafia ia;r
lf<ah Khj is mqoa.,hd fmr isoafha wldrfhkau lreKdj fmkajk f,i b,a,d is
w;r kqre kl tu uqo, f.ug ld,h fok f,i o b,a,d isfhah tfy;a iajdhd
lsisu lreKdjla fkdfmkajd ;u Kh uqo, f.jd ksufjk f;la wfkld ysrf.org heh
f m%jD;a;sh rc;=udg k .kakg ,enqks rc tu mqoa.,hdj le|jd kmqre fiajlh
kqU ug Khj ;snQ t;r Yd, m%udKhla i|yd uf.a ohd lreKdj fmkajd uu kqUg
iudj kakd fkdf o@ ta wdldrfhkau kqUf.a ifydaor fiajlhdgo ohd lreKdj
fmkajkakg ;snqKd fkdfo@ hhs lshd isfhah'

fuu l:dj uu fydka kf.k ish;a wka wh iu ixi|kh lsf uu t;r

Yd, mdmhla fkdlrk njg ;l flf< uu wkq.ukh lf<a fo ms<fj;ls' ud
jrola l< g ug ohdj lreKdj wjYH h tfy;a wka wh ug jrola l< g hqla;sh
idOdrKh b,a,d isfh wka wh uf.a yoj; ojd ;sfhkjd' Tjqka ud .ek jer foaj,a
lshd ;sfnkjd' tksid fjd ksjer l< hq;=h' flfia jqj;a uu lrk jer j, ug ohd
wkqlmdj iy wkq.%yh ,eh hq;=h
wms f foflka tlla f;dard.; hq;=j we; flfkla udj ;=jd, l< ksid ug isjqkq
wdidOdrKhg Tyqg ksYaph ,eh hq;=h tfy;a ud wkHhkag lrk jer j,g
ohdkqlmdj ,eh hq;=h by; mejiQ isoafha tu mqoa.,hd ls%hd lf<a tfiauh uu
hqla;sh idOdrKh b,a,ka fudrfokjd k uu kgu;a ohd lreKdj fmkajk
wkq.%yfhka bj;aj iskafk uu idOdrKh fidhk ia:dkhg meK is
mqoa.,hka fjk;a mqoa.,hkaj o foumshka orejkaj o orejka foudmshkaj o iNdmd,lhka
;u fik. o fik. ;u iNdf md,lhkaj o fokdjg m;alsu iq,nh fuh f,dj
iEu ia:dkhluo ls;=Kq iNdj ;=<o isfjhs
fujeks mqoa.,hkaf.ka wms wik fYaI m%Yak lSmhla we; Tnf.a mshdf.a iajNdjh l=ula
o Tnf.a uj l=ukdldr mqoa.,fhla o@ Tnf.a jeuy,a ifydaorhd l=ukdldr mqoa.,fhla
o@ Tjqka Tng m%;spdrh lajQfha flfiao@ fujeks m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re f Tjqka wjqre
.Kkdjla ;siafia yjd ;snQ l=Kq f.dvj,a u;=fjkq wm l we;' ta iu.u Tjqkaf.a
ksYaphld m%;spdrhkao wms olskafkuq m%;sfCIamf fokdj ks;r ;uka yUd tkafka
ukahs miqj Tjqka ia;j fidhd n,;s'
tl t,a,fha h wk;=re ;=k y;rlg uqyqK ka mqoa.,hka iu. ud l:d lr we; ug
f fudkjo jkafka@ uu" udj ymamkak lshd fnda tlla t,a,f.k hkjo@ lshd Tjqyq
wi;s' fuys isfjka mj;skafka jemsf iy fk,Sf jHjia:dj ls%hd;aul uh
mshjrekaf.a mdm j,g orejkag uqyqK ug isfjk nj foaj jpkfha mjid we; ^kslauhdu
20(5& fuh foaj jHjia:djls -hqla;sh yd idOdrKfha jHjia:djhs jemsf iy
fk,d.ekSf jHjia:djhs Tnj kdY lsu i|yd fuu jHjia:dj Wmfhda.S lsug id;ka
j.n,d.kshs fufyhska kej; kej;;a tlu wdldrfha isoaka Tng isfjhs Tng
wdrCIdj we;af;a fhaiqia jykafiaf.a lreKd-ohd wkq.%yh ;=< muKs
lreKdlreKd-ohdj we;s ia:dkh
hqla;sh idOdrKh b,a,k Kh kej; b,a,k ia:dkfhka bj;aj iajdks ug jer l<
iEu flfkl=gu uu iudj fo hs lshk ;ekg fkdtkafka ukao@ is we;s iEu
widOdrKhlau l=reish u; ;nkak tg fhaiqiajykafiaf.a lreKd ohd wkq.%yh wm fj;
.,d tkq we; tg fm%auh fndfyda m jikjd we; ^1 fma;Dia 4(8&' foaj rdcHh hkq
wd.l jd;dj;a yd jHjia:djka meje;au fkdf' th OIaG;djh iudodkh iy
Y=oaOd;auhdKka ;=< m%S;sh hs ^frdau 4(17&' fuu mS%;sh wm fj; / mj;skfa ka fuu
ohd-lreKdj we;s ;ek .gu kej;S / isfuka muKs
10

2
idudj u f;dard.kak
wm cSj;a jkafka b;d ukyr ld,hl fkdfo@ wm tlsfkldf.ka iudj b,a,d isu ksid
iy iudj fok wdldrhg fohka jykafia wmj fndfyda fia wdYSjdo lr we;s nj ug
fmkS hkjd fufia lsfuka ukqIHhka Tjqkaj fohkajykafia lef|jdjQ foh lsu i|yd
ksoyia fjhss
iudj ;=,ska ksoyi
uf.a Ndhdj jk ler,a iy ud lekvdf Tkafhdf iage* ys wm iNdj wdrN
l< g fjk;a ls;=Kq iNdjka wmj ykajd kafka jer wd.l l,a,shla f,ih ler,af.a
.f 27000 la muK iqMZ msila is ksid iEu fokdu tlsfkldj fydka yk;s wm
tys is kjl ls;=Kq idNdj h wjqre fod<ylg muK miqj fgdrkafgdays mej;s
iNdkdhlhkaf.a iuqMZjl l:d lsug ug wdrdOkhla ,enqKs
ty tl iNd kdhlfhla ud fj; meK" fcdaka ug Tnf.ka iudj b,a,kak wjYHhs
fya;=j uu Tng reoaOj jer lr,d ;sfhkjd uu ys;=f foaj rdcHfha wfma iNdj
w;s fYaIhs lsh,hs h fYaI fohla isfjk wjia:df th wm w;r o is fkdjqfkd;a
th wms .Kka .; hq;= ke; lshd ud rE wld,amh b;d jerhs lreKdlr,d ug iudj
fokak hs lSfh' f mqoa.,hd tu m%foaYfha uq,a ld,fha iQ iNdmd,lfhlah Tyq m%isoafha
foaYkd lrk g wmsg reoaOj l:d lr ;snqks
tu iNd kdhlhdf.a iNdf is tla iNslfhla ka wm iNdf ishs wm iNd fol
w;rg meK we;s f iqjh iudodkh wid Tyq i;=gq lMZ fyMZfh
uE;l fgdrkafgda kqjr b;d Yd, ls;=Kq iNdjl kdhlfhla uf.ka iudj b,a,Sh Tyq
wm iNdj ms<n|j b;du;a krl foa mjid ;sfnk nj;a fYaIfhkau wm iNdf Y+oaOd;au
ls%hdld;aj ms<sn|j jer foa mjid ;su ms<sn|j;a Tyq iudj b,a,d isfhah
Y=oaOd;auhdKkaf.a wNsuqLh m%ldYs;j mj;sk jljdkqjl wm iNdjg Tyqg wdrdOkh l<
g Tyq thg reoaOj m%;spdr lajQfhah Tyq wm iNdj iu lsis .Kqfokqjla lsug
wlue;sj isfhah fohkajykafiaf.a ls%hdj,sh Tyq kej; kej;;a m%;sfCIam lf<ah miq
ld,hl fmkaiflda,dfjys mej;s msf /iaulg f.dia tyS foaj wNasuqLh n,j;a f,i
w;alSf fya;=fjka Tyq uf.ka iudj b,a,Sug meKsfhah
Tyq ;=< fl;r m%n, Y=oaOd;au ls%hdjla isjQfhahs lsjfyd;a kla wm iNdf bod
/iaulg meK wm iNdjg reoaOj o Y=oaOd;au ls%hdjg reoaOj l:d lsu .ek iudj
b,a,d isfhah fcdaka" wmg msula w;HdjYHhs uu okakjd Tnj fpkh lsu ksid
uu Y=oaOd;auhdKkag la kak nj' ug fohka jykafiag reoaOj Khla ;shd .kak nE
uu fohka jykafia ug reoaOj iskjdg wlue;shs uf.a wd;auhg;a uf.a iNdjg;a
msula w;HdjYHhs fohkajykafiaf.a wdYSjdofha fodrgq jr fjkjd olskak uu
11

leue;shs lshd fm!oa.,slju lSfh' f fya;=j ksid wm iNdjka fol w;r n,j;a
iqjula ish
fujeks inkaO;djkaf.a iqjula isug fya;=j Tn okakjdo@ fohka jykafia
Wkajykafiaf.a uqMZ iNdjgu miq;eulg yd iudjf yd iudj .ekSf ;eklg
wdrdOkd lr we; iaj.h jrj we;af;a ksYaph mrojd ohd-lreKdj ch.%yKh lrk
neks Tjqyq fhaiqiajykafia mejiq foh lsug leu;sj is;s' tk( tlsfkldg iudju
tlsfkldg ohd lreKdj fmkau iy tlsfkldg fm%au lsuhs tlsfkldf.kao mjq,a j,skao
iNdjka j,skoa k.r j,skao foaY j,skao iudj .,dhkq lSug wms leue;af;uq
hdfld fmdf;a ;=kajk mfoh jg fl;r n,hla we;a hs mjihs osjla jeks l=vd
fohlg b;d uy;a n,mEula l< yel wYajfhla lgl,shdjlska o kejla l=vd
iqlaldkulska o md,kh l< yel md,kh l< fkdyels osjla Nhdkl Ila jeksh
iuyrg h:d;;ajhg m;a l< fkdyels jpk mejiSug mqMZjk l:d l< jpk ksid
fndfyda fokd yoj;ska fokd ;s fohks uf.a uqLh wdrCId lrkak lshd fyda
iajdks uf.a uqLfha jpk wdrCId lrkak wka whg fokd ug uu fkdleue;af;
lshd uu fndfyda g hd{d lrkafk
uf.a jpk ksid wka whf.a is;a ou .ek Y+oaOd;auhdKka ug reoaOj iskjdg uu
Nhfj fohkajykafiaf.a yoj;g b;du;a fokdld isoahla we;af;a ls;=Kqjka
tlsfkld ms<sn| lrk fpkh f fpkh fuka wd;al msula fl<jr lrk fjk
lsisu fohla ke; ohd-lreKdj hqla;sh idOdrKh wNsnjd hk ch.%dyS ia:dkhlg
fohka jykafia wmj le|jkfial Tn Khj is ta Yd, Kh m%udKh fhaiqiajykafia
iska l=reisfhys f.jd ksu l< nj wu;l fkdlrkak
wms fhaiqiajykafiag f.h hq;= Kh
ukqIH j.hd l< by<u wmrdOh isyslrkak ish wmrdOj,g jvd by<u wmrdOh
l=ulao@ th fik. ,shk .Kkdjla kdY l< ys,f.a fyda iagd,skaf.a wmrdO fkdj
tfia;a ke;ak fjk mqoa.,fhl=f.a wmrdO o fkdj ukqIH j.hd l< by,u wmrdOh"
wjqre fooyilg fmr foaj mq;%hdKkag jO l=reisl t,a,d ueuh fhaiqiajykafia ljqo@
Wkajykafia idudkH hym;a mqoa.,fhla fkdf Wkajykafia fmdf<djg meK frda.Ska
iqjm;a lr jkfha jpkh W.kajd ksiaj.hdg wdYSjdo lr ;u ;h je.srE
;ekkajykafiah kmqre ukqIHfhda Wkajykafiag WiqMZ iqMZ lr jO ysxid lr l=reishl
t,afjdah Wkajykafia meh yhl ld,hla la |" f,a jykh fuka urKhg m;a h
Wkajykafia th ord.;af;a ukqIHhdf.a mdmhg <hla f.h hq;=j ;snqK neks ksfodia
jQ ;ekkajykafia wfma wmrdOh ordf.k ;u ;h mQcd l< fial'
Wkajykafiaf.a urKhg fya;= jQfha Tn iy ud l< mdmhh wm ieuf.a mdm luj,
Kh jkah Wkajykafia f.jQfial wmf.a mdmhkaf.a ,h f.ug fhaiqiajykafia
l=reim;a u w;HdjYH h Wkajykafiaj l=reim;a lf<a wmf.a mdmhh
Wkajykafiaj l=reism;a l< mdmhg wu;rj wm fm!oa.,slj l< mdmhkao g tl;=f'
wmf.a ldu:dpdrh ryia wiNH fmd;am;a myrKh wksh inkaO;d fidrl
12

ls fndrelS kSue tlsfkldj mdjd iy fjk fkdfhl=;a mdmhkao Bgu

we;=<;af' wmf.a fuu mdm ,ehsia;=jg wmf.a jro ;nk .erySf uqLho wka wh yd
wm .eku lr we;s ;s;a; ksYaphka o tl;= l< hq;=h
tg wmg f.h fkdyels w;s Yd, Kh m%udKhla we;s nj fmfka' wms fhaiqiajykafia
fj; meK" iajdks ug fjd ish,a,u kvq Yd,dfjka msg; i|d .ekSug kE ug
,eh hq;= ksYaph ,nd.ekSug ksYaph oji olajd uu bkak leu;s kE uu Tnjykafiag
Yd, Khla ;sfhkjd ug th f.jd .kak nE wfka Tf ohdlreKdj fmkajd ug
uf.a mdm j,g iudj kq uekj lshd mejish hq;=h tg Wkajykafia uf.a mq;d j
uf.a mq;%hdKka jk fhaiqiaf.a wkq.%yh iy ohd lreKdj fj;g mshjr k.kak uf.a
mq;%hd Tng f.h fkdyels Kh f.jd ksu lr wjidkh lshd mjikfial
Wkajykafia tfia mejiQ jyd ud fj; iudj .,d wdfh ud ka fmr wms lsisu mdmhla
fkdl<d yd iudk h iEu mdmhlau jeiS .sfhah fhaiqiajykafia ud Wfoid ;h mQcd
lr uf.a iEu Khlau f.jd ksu lf<ah Yajfha is we;s f.h hq;= Kh m%udKhg
jvd f.jd we;s by<u Kh ^w;sla;h& m%udKh fuh f wfma wmrdO Wfoid
Wkajykafiaf.a ksu, m;% msis mdm rys; ;h mQcd lf<ah Tn yd ud f.h hq;=j
;snQ Kh m%udKh foaj mq;%hdKka iska u f.jd ksu lf<ah wms iaj.hg hdka;ka we;=,a
fkdjkafkuq' f.h h;= imQK m%udKhu wm fjkqfjka f. we;s ksid we;=,a fjuq
flfkla iaj.hg we;=,a fkdjkafka ;ukaf.a ta uq Kh f.ug fkdyels jQ ksidh
bka wk;=rej fohkajykafia lshd iskafka" uf.a iudj ,efnk ;ek ks;ru / bkak
Tng k k Tn wka whg;a iudj fokak kE lshdh .Kqfokqj fuhh ud l< jer
i|yd ug ohd-lreKdj wjYHhs' tfy;a wka wh ug lrk jer j,g hqla;sh idOdrKh
ish hq;=hs lshd lSug ka u;= fkdyel fuh Tng meye<s jkafkao@ Tn ohdkqlmdj
iy hqla;s idOdrKh hk folska tlla f;dard .; hq;= f tfy;a folu ,nd .ekSug
fkdyel
iudj u f;dard.kak
uf; 6 9-13 Tn hd[d l< hq;af;a fufiahs' iaj.fha fjfik wmf.a mshdfKks" Tnf.a
YS% kduh mdY=oaO fjd' Tnf.a rdcHh mefKajd' Tnf.a leue;a; iaj.fha fukau
fmdf<df;a is fjd' wmf.a km;d fNdackh wo wmg k uek' wmg jro lrk
whg wm lud l< whqkau wmf.a jro o wmg lud l< uek' jrfoys fkd ne|Sug
wmg u. fmkajqj uek" kmqrdf.ka wm uqod.; uek'
fodf<dia jk mofha jro lrk whg wm lud l< whqka hk fldgi ka fmr Tn
l ;sfo@ wmf.a jro wmg lud lrkafka wmg jro lrk whg wm lud l< whqkauh
fhaiqiajykafia bkamiq mejiQ foh o fydka n,kak
uf; 6(14 wka wh Tng tfrysj jro lrk l, Tn Tjqkg ludjkafka k" Tnf.a
iaj.Sl mshdKkajykafia Tng lud lrk fial' tfy;a" wkHhkaf.a jro Tn lud fkd
lrkafka k" Tnf.a mshdKkajykafia Tng;a lud fkd lrk fial'
13

fuys .; hq;= ;SrKh b;du;au meye<sh Tn f;dard.kafka ohdlreKdj o tfia;a

ke;ak hqla;sh idOdrKho@ Tng wjYH l=ula o@ Tn b,a,d iskafka ohd wkqlmdj
o@
f foh wid Tn hg m;aug fmr Tn k.; hq;af;a fujeks ;hla .; lsug
fohkajykafiaf.a wkq.%yh kgu;a we;s njh f w;ru wms k.; hq;= ;j;a fohla
k ls;=Kq ;h mshjfrka mshjr bhg .; yels ls%hdj,shla njh ta jqk;a"
tlsfkldf.a is;a o is;a fokdj iy h fuu .ufka bhg mshjr ke.Sug ndOd
we;slrhs iuyr wjia:dj, wmf.a fokdj b;du;a wl ksid is;a o iy fldamh
w;a fkdyer isug wmsg fYaI wjirhla we;sh lshd yefhs
;udju ksfodaI lr.ekSu k W.=,
neka" mQcdikh bfhys Tn" Tf m~qqre mqok l," Tng tfrysj Tf ifydaorhd
h reoaO;ajhlska miqjk nj tys isys jqjfyd;a" Tf m~qre mQcdikh mfilska ;nd"
m<uq fldg f.dia Tf ifydaorhd yd iu.sjkak' bkamiq wjq;a Tf m~qr mqokak hhs
uf; 5(23 ys lshhs' fufia lf<d;a Tng m;% yoj;la ,ef'
fhaiqiajykafia Mishd iy iqx. whlrkakd .ek l:dj mejiqfh ia;=;shs iajdks uu
w;k bkak wr ukqIHhd jf.a fkdf uu ksrdydrj iskjd uu hd{d lrkjd wka
whg fokjd uu f yeu hym;a foa lrkjd hhs Mishd lSfh'
iqx. whlrkakd hgy;aj we;a hd{d lrka iajdkS ug Tnf.a ohd lreKdj
fmkajkq uekj uu mldrfhla hs lSfh' Tyq ;udj fjk mqoa.,fhla iu. ikaika|kh
fkdlf,ah Tyq mjid isfha ;ud fld;r Yd, jrolrejlao lshd muKs ^la 18(10
n,kak& fhaiqiajykafia fuyS mjid isfha hgy;aj meKs mqoa.,hd OIaG l< w;r
;u OIaG;djfhka ms mqoa.,hdg tfia fkdl< njh
uu fuh b;du;a m%dfhda.sl f,i fmkajd fokak uu lekvdf ksfm.a k.rfha foaj
wkq.%yh yd iudjf we;s n,h ms<sn| foaYkd lrka isfh /iafuka miqj
mqoa.,fhla b;d l,n,ld f,i l:d lrka" fcdaka" ug isoaofj,d ;sfhk foa Tng f;are
.kak nE hhs lSfh' Tyq l:dj mjik w;r uu ijka kafk
uf.a mshd wjre ;=kla jhi we;s uf.a hKshj IKh l<d rch flg inkaOu
ksid wfma ;h b;du;a hjq,a ;;ajhlg m;afj,d uf.a hKsh ka ks;ru kskafoka
h fjkjd f w;r uf.a mshd fujeks fohla is jqfka ke;ehs lshkjd uf.a uqMZ mjq,u
ud;a iu. ;ry fj,d ka uyd fodka;hla fj,d ;sfhkafka ka Tn lshkafka ug
uf.a mshdg iudj fokak lsh, o@
uu Tyqg fufia lSfj uy;a;hd uu Tng lshkafka Tn Tyqg iudj h hq;=u lshd
fkdf tfy;a uu lshd iskafka Tn isk isrf.hska msg;g meKsh yels tlu l%uh
k iudju muKla njhs bkamiqj Tn Tyq ksYaph lsf jrog iudj .;hq;=hs Tn
fuys b,a,kafka hqla;sh idOdrKh ish hq;=h lshd k th Tng ,efnhs tfia lf,d;a
Tn k.; hq;= lreKla k i;=rd o f isoah foi n,d isg Tnf.a jer j,go
14

idOdrKh bgq lsug j.n,df.k isk njhs f lreKq ish,a, fydka i,ld n,d iudj
ug leu;ska ta i|yd wjYH wkq.%yh fohkajykafia Tng Tnf.a wNHka;r
fokdj Tnf.ka bj;a lr ouhs fufia lsfuka Tng fohkajykafiaf.a ohd lreKdj
we;s wkq.%yfha N+fhys j;a ug mqMZjk'
iuyre b;d Ndhkl lror j,g uqyqK fo;s Tjqka is;kafka ;uka ,a,g yiqj we;s
njh' wkqka ksYaph lsu ksid ;ukag ks;r ks;r tlu m%Yakhg uqyqK ug is we;s
nj Tjqyq jgyd fkd.ks;s fuh b;d myiqfjka wmj uq,d lrhs
ukqIHhka fndfyda g m lrk l, m lrkafka fjk;a mqoa.,fhl=g reoaOjh f ksid
wkawh fokdjg m;afj;s fuh widOdrKhs fkdfo@ fndfyda g fohkajykafia
fufyu foa is fjkakg bv ykafka wehs@ lshd wms m%Yak lruq we;af;kau fjdg fohka
jykafia bv we;af;a ukqIHhdg ksoyia f,i f;dard.ekSf leue;a;la we;s ksidh
wmg fm%au lsug fyda m lsug f;dard.ekSf ksoyi ;sf ksoyia f;dard.ekSu fm%auhg
w;HdjYHh fm%auh ukqIHhd ;=<ska .,d hEug k" f;dard.ekSf ksoyi ;sh hq;=h
tlsfkldj wdYSjdo lsu ;SrKhls tfia fkdue;sk wms rElvj,g iudk fjuq
ta wkqj wmg wdYSjdo lsug fyda ^wd;aud:ld f,i mfldg& oug ;SrKh .;
yel' wmg jkh fyda urKh ksoyia lsug yel ksoyiaj f;dard .ekSug we;s whs;h
s
iu wmg mekfjk j.lSu thhs wms fm%aufhka fkdjk fohla lrk iEu wjia:djlu
wmgu fyda wka mqoa.,hdg ojkafkuq ke;fyd;a tu.ska fomdIjhgu fokdj f.k
fokq we; ta wkqj wmg ka ml< mqoa.,hd ^mlrejd& iy tu mdmsIaG ls%hdj ksid
fokd k mqoa.,hd ^fokd kakd& hkqfjka fofofkla ishs
wms mlrejd f,i ls%hd l< wjia:dj, Y=oaOd;auhdKka ta .ek wfma wjOdkh fhduq l<
jydu wms fohkajykafiaf.ka b,a,d iskafkaa ohdlreKdj fmkajk f,i fkdfo@ tfy;a
fokd kakd njg m;a jQ jydu wm b,a,d iskafka hqla;sh idOdrKh is lrk f,ih
ta w;ru ;s;a;luo wm ;=< rclrkakg .kshs fuh id;kaf.a lm W.=,la nj fndfyda
fofkla f;are fkd.ks;s i;=rdg wmj fuu W.=,g wiqlr .ekSug yelsjqfkd;a hqla;sh
idOdrKh b,a,d isk ;eklg wmj weo.kakg yelsf' tu.ska wmj jemsf iy fk,Sf
jHjia:djg yiqlr wmg o fk,d.; hq;= M, ,nd fokakg ffk;sl wjirh i;=rdg Wodf
i;=rdf.a ie,eiau fuh f f fya;=fjka hCIdhdg wmj md,kh lsug kS;suh whs;shla
,efnhs uqMZ f,dalhdu tlaj fhaiqiajykafiaj l=reishg hef Wkajykafia mshdfKks
f kSurejkag hq;= o~qju fokak lshd lSf ke; wjidk jrg l=reisfha fhaiqiajykafia
y~ k.d lSf l=ula o@ mshdfKks Tjqka fkdk lrk jrog iudj fokak lshdh ^la
23(34&'
wdfn,af.a f,hg jvd fhaiqiajykafiaf.a f,h jvd hym;ah lshd fyfn% 12(24 ys
mjikafka f ksidh wdfn,af.a f,h b,a,d isfha uf.a ifydaorhd uf.a ;h kdY
l< ksid Tyqf.ka m<s.kak lshdh ^W;am;a;s 4(10&' tfia jqj;a fhaiqiajykafia b,a,d isfha
mshdfKks Tjqka lrk foh Tjqka fkdokakd ksid" ohd lreKdj fmkajkq uekj iudj
fokq uekj lshdh ohdkqlmdj ksYaph wNsnjd hhs ^hdfld 2(13&'
15

lu;
mK; jQ ls;=Kqjkag Ydl iqjh ,nd .ekSu fndfyda g wudre ldhhla jk w;r
wNla;slhkag iqjh ,nd.ekSu fndfyda g b;d myiqfjk wdldrh ms<sn|j uE;l uu
;=frla iu l:d lrka isfh fiajh lrk ldhd,fha fyda uy u yuqjk ls;=Kq
fkdjk whg hd{d l< g fohkajykafia ydial lrhs tfy;a wjqre .Kkdjla
fiajh lrka isk foaj Nla;sl ldka;djlg fld;r hd{d l<;a lsisjla is fkdfjhs
fuhg fya;=j l=ulao@ iuyrg fkdfhl=;a wjia:dj, h mdmhla ms<sn|j iudj b,a,d
miq;e,s jk f,i fohkajykafia kej; kej;;a fmkajd kak;a hg fyda Wv=lug
fyda ;ryg fyda fokdjg fyda bvyeu fya;=fjka tu m%Yakh ksrdlrKh fkdfjhs iqjh
i|yd fuh uq,sl fya;=j ug mqMZjk 1 fldka;s 11 f i|yd ms<s;=rla imhhs th frda.hla
je<ug we;s tla fya;=jla muKla nj u;l ;nd .kak tfyhska is; fodia ;nd .ekSfuka
j,lskak
1 fldka;s 11(23-29 ukao" iajdkajykafiaf.ka ud ,o ls;=Kq ms<sfj;au ms,smeug mjrka
Tng b.ekajqfj' fhaiqia iajdkajykafia i;=rka w;g mdjd fokq ,enQ rd;%sfhaoSu"
t;=udfKda frd f.k" fokag ia;=;s " th lvd" fuia mejiQ fial' Tn Wofid jk
udf.a Yrh fuhhs' ud isysu msKsi fuh lrkak' frd je<e|Sfuka miq" tf,iu
t;=udfKda mdk l=i,dk f.k" f l=i,dk udf.a f,hska msysgqjk w;a .siquhs' Tn
fuhska mdkh lrk yeu glu ud isysu msKsi fuh lrkake hs lS fial' Tn" fuu
frd wkqNj lrk" f l=i,dfkka mdkh lrk ljr fgl jqj" iajdkajykafia kej;
mefKk ;=re t;=udKkaf.a urKh thska m%ldY lr;s' tneka" kqiqiq f,i
iajdkajykafiaf.a frd wkqNj lrk" kqiqiq f,i t;=udKkaf.a l=i,dfkka mdkh lrk
ljrl= fyda fjd" iajdka jykafiaf.a Yrhg;a" t;=udKkaf.a rerhg;a tfrysj
jrolrefjla fjhs' fuu frd wkqNjhg;a" fuu l=i,dfkka mdkhg;a fmr yeu flfklau
iajhx ksYaphlg m;a h hq;=h' iajdkajykafiaf.a Yrh hkafkys wre; yek fkdf.k
tfia wkqNj lrk" tfia mdkh lrk wh foaj ksYaphg ;ud ,la lr .kska wkqNjfhys;a"
mdkfhys;a fhfo;a'
fuys i|yka lr we;af;a we;af;a Y=oaO iyNd.slug .kakd fkdfhl=;a l,ukd ms<sn|
jh lshd uu wjqre .Kkdjla ms<s.;s fuu fldgfia mjid we;af;a fhaiqiajykafiaf.a
kdjq udxYuh Yrh ms<sn|j muKla fkdj" Wkajykafiaf.a Yrh jk ls;=Kq iNdj
ms<sn|jo fjhs iNdj Wkajykafiaf.a ukd,sh ksid wms Wkajykafiag b;du;a jeo.;ah
Wkajykafiaf.a Yrfha idudlhka tlsfkldg reoaOj l:d lrk g th Wkajykafiag
uy;a fokdjla f.k fohs mdjq,a mejiQ foh n,kak
fldka;s 11(30 31 Tn w;frys fndfyda fofkla n,j iskafka;a" frda.Sj iskafka;a"
fndfyda fofkla h .sfha;a f fya;=j ksiduh' tfy;a wms" wmu ksYaph lr .kafkuq
k" foaj ksYaphg wm ,la jkafka ke;'
fl;r n,j;aa lshuklao wms iEu fofklau tlsfkld ksYaph lsf mdmh ms<sf.k
fohkajykafiaf.ka iudj b,a,d ishfyd;a wmj ksYaphg Ndckh fkdfjhs flfia
fj;;a ls;=Kqjka jk wms fndfyda fofkla wmf.a ld,fhka ishhg wiQjla wka ls;=Kqjkaj
16

ksYaph lrka iy my;a lrka .; lrk ksid fohkajykafia wmsj Wkajykafiaf.a

OdkH fmd,k lu;g f.ke;a we; wms kg iskafka uu;ajhg uefrk ld,hl nj
uu Yajdi lr wm fudkh l%uhlg fyda fuu wmyiq ld,h ;=,ska hd hq;= jkafkah
Wkajykafia meK Y=oaOd;aufhka iy .skafkka n;Siau lrkq we; hs fhdydka ^uf;
3(11& mejiqfh Wkajykafia ;ukaf.a lu; uekka m;% lrhs tfia lsu i| yd
Wkajykafiaf.a l=,a, Wkajykafiaf.a wf;a we;s nj k.kak
wkq.%yfha ia:dkh
iajdkajykafia wmf.a ;fha we;s fnd,a fldgia bj;a lr wmj ksoyia lsug leu;sh
t;=ud wfma yoj;aj, we;s Wkajykafiag wlue;s ish,a, mqMZiaikfial' tksid m;%
yoj;lska hq;=j foaj fm%auh iy wkq.%yh ;=< bhg hkakg wmg bv ie,fia
hqla;-s idOdrKfha jrola ke;' f,dalhd tu ;,fha Sj;a ug W;aidy lr;s uu hqla;sh
idOdrKh bgq lrkakg Wmldr lrk fmd,sish Widh yd kS;s;s ksid fohkajykafiag
ia;=;sjka; fj tfy;a wmg j;au i|yd Bg jvd by, ;ekla we; Tn miqmiska
tk i;=rdg fhaiqia ikaf.a wkq.%yfha N+hg we;=ug fkdyel l%sia;shdksh thhs'
th wm fjkqfjka yd wka ieufokd fjkqfjka jkh yd lreKdj .,k ;ekls'
fohkajykafia Tn iu. isk f;la lsisfjlag Tnj mrdch l< fkdyels nj Tn
okakjdo@ i;=rdg Tn miqmi t;ekg tkakg fkdyel' t;=udf.a wkq.%yfha ia:dkhg
id;kag w;=,ah yelafla flfiao@ Tyq wkq.%yh fkdokshs Tyq bkafka jHjia:dj hgf;ah
tfy;a wmg wkq.%yh k ia:dkfha j;afjkakg mqjk' wmj t;ek ;nd /lj,a lrkakg
wd;auhdKkag we;s yelshdj u; uqukskau hefmkakg mqjk'
f iEu ia:dkhlu fhaiqia ika imQKfhkau ch.%dyslh Wkajykafia id;kaj
imQKfhkau hgm;a lf<ah fhaiqiajykafia fohkajykafiauh wiS; f,i
wd;auhdKka t;=uka ;=< l%shdl< neka ksia fjiska meKs l<;a fhaiq;=ud ;=< uy;a
Y=oaOd;au n,hla ;sKs ^fhdydka 3(34& Wkajykafia hCIhd iy Wf.a iEu n,hlau
imQKfhkau | fyMZfh ta lsisjla fjkia ke; tajd ;ju;a mrd;h' tfy;a ohd
lreKdj fjkqjg hqla;sh idOdrKh f;drd.ekSfuka id;kag ls%hd lsug wjYH n,h wmsu
,ndfokafkuq
ls;=Kqfjl=g ;jrg;a lsisu whs;sjdislula ke;s nj h flfkla kla ug lSfh th
i;Hhls wmg we;s tlu whs;sjdisl k imQKfhkau foaj iudj ,eu wms u<
miq iaj.hg hEu fhaiqiajykafiaf.a fm%aufha jyf,la u iy ish foa i|yd Wkajykafia
flf muKla hemSu muKs
000

17

3
ksYapfha ydksfhka ksoyia u
ler,a wdk
fyfn% 12(15 Tn lsisjl=g fyda fohkajykafiaf.a lreKd wkq.%yh wys fkd jk f,io
.eg u;= fldg fndfyda fokl=g ydks meKh yels-wksgq M, Wmok ;sla;lf
me,Ehla ^uq,la& Tn w;f jefvkakg bv fkd fok f,io j. n,d .kak'
fuh wfma ;hg n,mdkafka flfiao@
uu ls;=Kqfjla njg m;a f iudjf jeo.;alu ms<sn|j bf.k .;s ug fndfyda
fokdjka ka uf.a uj ug lr we;s iEu jrolgu iudj ks flfia fj;;a ug wEg
wjxl f,i fm%au lsug fkdyels nj uu f;are .;af; uu wEg kej; kej;;a iudj
kak;a wEg yoj; m;af,ka wjxl f,i fm%au lrkakg fkdyels h ug is we;af;a
l=ulao@ uf.a iudjf we;s je/oao l=ulao@
rsojSu ;=,ska yg.;a jsksYaph
uf.a uj <uqka wg fofkl= w;rska yhfjkshd jQjdh ;u f.dmf,a jev lsug ms
orefjl= n,dfmdfrd;a;=jQ wjia:djl uf.a ujf.a meKsu wef.a foumshkaf.a
n,dfmdfrd;a;=j lvlsuls wE mjq,g wkjYH jQ orefjls
wef.a foumshka ks;ru f.dmf,a jev l< ksid wEj /l n,d.ekSug wf.a jeys
ifydaohkag ndr lf<dah fndfyda g wE ;udf.a ifydaohkaf.ka jO ysxid j,g
,lajQjdh Tjqyq wef.a f;d,a, b;d f.fhka fi,jQfjdah wE y~k l< ldurhl ysrlr
jid ;enqfjdah fujeks is fya;=fjka wef.a yoj;g isjQ ;=jd, miql,l fl;r
fokd fokakg we;ao@
ud l=vd wjfha ujf.a fuu m%;afCIamf fokdj ykd.ekSug uu wfmdfydi;a
we ug ie,l+ wdldrh .ek ug .Kqfokq lrkakg ish orefjla ;ud jrola l< g
thg o~qj ,enqjfyd;a th iOdrKhhs Tyq okshs tfy;a fkdl< jrolg ovqj ,eu
uy;a widOdrKhla nj Tyq fydka wjfndaO lr.kshs Tjqyq msg;ska ler,s fkd.eiqj;a
wNHka;rfhka ;u foumshka b;d kmqre widOdrK whqla;sfhka ms wh f,i ksYaph
lr;s
ugo isjQfha fuhhs msg;ska ler,s .eiSug uu h ' tfia l< wjia:dj, wE uf.a
mshdf.a bmh f.k fyd|gu ;ejdh j;udkfha tjeks foaj,a lsu kS;sfhka ;yk
lr we; ,enQ myr ksid uf.a Yrfha fkdfhl=;a ia:dk ks,a meye f.k ;snqfkah ug
ienE fokdj Kqfka Yrhg fkdj ukigh tajd uf.a uki b;,d .sh wNHka;r
li myrj,a njg m;a h uu we;=,dka;fhka wEg ffjr flf< uu wEj ksYaph l<
w;r m%;sfCIam flf,

18

ls;=Kqjla jq miq uf.a yojf;a iudj fkd fndfyda ;snQ nj;a tajd j,ska ksoyia jQ nj;a
wjfndaO lr.;s ud uf.a ujg yels wdldrfhka iudjug W;aidy l<;a wE .ek ug
;snQ jer yeSfuka ksoyia ug fkdyels h fohks fuys h fohla jer we;ehs lshd
uu hd{d flf< uf.a yoj; fjkia lr.ekSug fld;r W;aidy l< o th wid:l
h miq ld,hl tfia ug lr.ekSug yels jQfha fcdaka iy fmda,d ieka* hqj, ka
wjjdohka Wmldrhka ksidh ksYaph uq,aweo we;af;a ;s;a;lfuys nj uu wjfndaO
lr.;s
foaj jpkfha mjid we;af;a fyd| ls;=Kqjka f,i hym; lf<d;a muKla ;ukaf.a ujg
iy mshdg f.!rj lrkak lshdo@ ke;' foaj jpkh tfia mjid ke; foaj jpkh fufia
mjihs (
oa;Shl:dj 5)16 fo i|dKka jykafia kqUg wK l<m kqf mshdg o ujg o f.!rj
lrkak tg fo i|dKka jykafia kqUg fok foaYfhys kqU rd;a ld,hla j;a
jkafkysh kqUg fi; ie,fikq we;
Tng iqN isoaO fkdjkafka Tn Tjqkag wf.!rj l< isoah wkqjh wmf.a foumshka lr
we;s iEu isoahla wkqj wms Tjqka ksYaph lrkafka ke; wms Tjqkg wf.!rj lrkafka
Tjqka wmj ojd ;=jd, l< wxYhkg wkqjh
iajdkS uu wehg iudj wjidkhs' tfy;a ug f isfjkafka l=ulao@ hhs lshk g
iajdkajykafia ug l:d lr mejiqf Tn wEg f.!rj lr ke;' wEg wf.!rj lsfuka
Tn m lr we; lshdh f isoafha fome;a;la we;s nj fohkajykafia ug fmkajd
kafkah wm iudj h hq;=h' ta w;ru ksYaph lsu .ek miq;e,s h hq;=h tla
wdldrhlska ud uf.a ujg iudj h hq;=j ;snqks ta wkqj uu wEg iudj kafk tfy;a
;j;a w;lska uu wEg ffjr lf< wEj ksYaph lf< uu wehg h hq;= f.!rjh
kqkafk
uf.a mdmh fuh h uu wehg lajQ m%;spdrh jer nj uu fkdk isfh id;ka
ksYaphld jHjia:dffhla yehg fohkajykafiaf.a bhg f.dia fufia lshhs(
fohks ler,a wef.a ujg reoaOj ksYaph lsf mdmh lr we; wE ta .ek miq;e,s
ke; ta fya;=fjka jemsf yd fk,Sf jHjia:dj wkqj wE .ek ls%hd lsug ug whs;shla
we;'
jemsrE foh fk,d .ekSu
Tn flkl fyda chla me< lr ;sfo@ WodyrKhla f,i nv b= chla me< lf,d;a
fk,d .ekSug isfjk c .Kk fl;ro@ tl chla o@ ke; Tng ish .Kkl
M,odjla ,efnhs fuh jOkhf jHjia:dj k f fufia uf.a uj udf.a ;h
f,i md,kh l<dla fuka ;j;a ldka;djka fndfyda fofkla uf.a ;h md,kh lsug
.;af;dah
fuu ldka;dfjda uf.a ;h f,i md,kh l< w;r Tjqka uf.a ;hg fndfyda
fokdjka f.k kafkdah uu fuu .egMZj udfj; meKs wdldrh fkdgqfj iajdkS
19

fujeks fokd ug ud lr we;s jro l=ulao@ lshd fohka jykafiaf.ka uiqfj

uf.a mmqf uf.a ;h f,i md,kh lrm,a,d lshd fnda ,E,a,la t,a,f.k
ishdla fuka ks;r ud hk hk ;ek f ldka;dfjda udj md,kh lf<dah
fuh ienEjls wd;al ;,fha uu tfia ix{d ,E,a,la t,a,df.k isfh tfia isjqfka
uu uf.a uj ks;ru ksYaph lrka is ksidh i;=rdg uf.a ;hg jemsf iy
fk,d.ekSf jHjia:dj ls%hd lrug uu bv yefh
f jk g uf.a uj ls;=Kqfjl=j ishdh uu wE fj; f.dia ( wf uu iudj .ek
wf;ka bf.k.;a;d' ug ka f;are hkjd uu Thdg reoaOj m lr ;sfhk nj
uu Thdj ksYaph l<d' Thdg uf.a yoj;ska ffjrh l,d f yeufoau uu ksjer
lr.kak kE lshd uu wEg lSfj
ler,a uu ka jhig .sh flfkla' w;S;fh f.dvdla foaj,a isfj,d ;sfhkjd' uu tajd
.ek l:d lrkak leu;s kE' wdfha ug fjd .ek u;la lrkak tmd lshd weh ug lSjdh
ka uu l< hq;af;a l=ula o lshd uu is;=fj
fohkajykafia iqjh f.k fohs
iajdkajykafia ug l:d fldg ler,a Tn iqjh ,nd .kak leu;so@ lshd weiqfh uu
iqjh ,eug wjYH nj Wkajykafiag lshd isfh
Wkajykafia ug l:d fldg" Tnf.a yoj; k f.j;a; fldgkak ug bv fokak Tnf.a
W;aidyfhka yeu fohlau yrd wjqiaikak k kE ks;ru Tn lrk jer .ek muKla
is; fhduq lrf.k bkak tmd Tn .kqfokq l< hq;=j we;af;a Tn ksYaph lr we;s
ia:dkhkah tajdg w; .ikak ug wjir fokak hs lshd isfial' uu Wkajykafiag T
iajdkS uu Tng wjirh fokak lshd lsfj
miqj uu hd{d lrka ( fohks uu uf.a ujg h hq;= f.!rjh fkdfuka o ksYaph
lsfuka o m lr we; wE ug lr we;s iEu jrola .ek iudj fo wE ug fmr,d
f.h hq;= lsisu Khla ke; ug iud jqj uekj uu jro lr we;s ia:dkh ug fmkajd
fok f,i uu Tnjykafiaf.ka b,a, hs lSfj'
fuu hd{dj ksid uf.a ;h ms<sn|j .Kqfokq l< hq;= lreKq inkaO wjqre
;=kydudrl > ls%hdj,shla mgka .;af;ah' iuyr kj, uu ksYaph l< wjia:d
oyhla fyda myf<djla t;=ud ug fmkajd kafkah fjd ms<sn|j ug lsisu u;lhla ;snqfka
ke; fuh isjqkq ojfia isg f tl tl wjia:djla .ek fjk fjku .Kqfokq flrefj
iajdkS wyj,a ls%hdj lsu .ek uu uf.a uj ksYaph lf< uu wehg f.!rjh
fkdkafk tu wjia:df uu wEg ;ka ffjr lf< ug iudj fokak lshd uu ta
ta tlsfkl wjia:d .ek hd{d flf< fujeks wjia:dj, ug lsisu wdldrfha yeSula
fkd;snqk;a uu fkdlvjd hd{d flf<

20

fjk g wvqu jYfhka i;shlg foj;djla fyda uf.a uj yuqug f.dia yels iEu
hhlau fhdod wEj je<|f.k wdorh fmkaug yels W;aidyhlau refj
fufia jir ;=klg muK miq kla uu wEj yuqug f.dia wdmiq hk wjia:df ud
wEj je<|.;a fudfydf;a h wmQre fohla is h uf.a uj flf mqudldr wdorhla
uf.a yoj; ;=,ska .,d wdfh tk fohka jykafia uf.a yoj; iqjl< nj uu k.;s
f wjia:df isjQ ;j;a fohla k uf.a yoj; iqj jQ jydu uf.a ujgo wNHka;r
ksoyila ,euh wE jvd fyd| w;lg fjkia h wef.a fm%auh fmkaug wE ka ksoyia
we; uf.a uj foaj jpkh yhdldrj fhdod .kafka flfiao lshd fkdokakd ksid weh
fuu isoah ms<sn|j flfia .Kqfokq l< hq;=o lshd fkdk ishdh tfy;a uf.a iqj
u;a iuu wEg o iqjh ,enqfkah
id;kag ls%ug kS;uh
suh whs;shla oSu
fcdaka iy uu iNd folla /l n,d .kafkuq' wmf.a m<uq iNdf wh iNdf we;s ish
wiqNjd Rkd;aul ueis,s ug mjid wmydi lf<dah tfy;a Tjqyq lsisgl tajd fcdakag
fkdmejiqfjdah Tjqkaf.a fm!oa.,sl ; j, ;snQ m%;sCIamf yeS ish,a,u ud msgg
l=Kq f.dvla fuka mefgfjdah Tjqka ug ks;ru lshk f foaj,a ms<sn|j ud fcdakag lSj;a
Tyq tjd lsisu .Kklg .;af;a ke;
uf.a iajdhd ug wjxl f,i fm%au lrk nj wmj yKk yeufokd okakd lreKls
h flfkla ug ojkakg iQodk jqjfyd;a Tyq udj /l.ekSug laIKhlska mefKhs
flfia fj;;a iNdf f ldka;djka ug lrk f wmydi ls%hdj Tyqg f;are .ekSug
fkdyels h
ug mejiQ h fohla .ek uu Tyq iu. l:d l,fyd;a Tyq lshkafka Thd ta wh .ek
BIHdjla ;shdf.k bkakjd' tfyu ke;ak Thd fjd j,g wf;kq;a od,hs lshkafk
lshdh ;j;a wjia:d j, Tyq" jd jefh .Kka .kak tmd lshd lshhs fujeks
wjia:dj, uu" iajdkS wehs Tyqg uu f lshk foa f;are fkdhkafk@ lshd wi'
miqj wmf.a fojk iNdj fgdrkafgda kqjr wdrN l,dhska miq tu iNdf isjqk foh
Tn okakjdo@ tu ldka;djka lf<a uq,a iNdf l< fohuh Tjqka meK iNdf jer
ms<sn|j ueis,s fodvjk g ud tajd uf.a iajdhdg lSj;a Tyq uf.a Wmldrhg meKsfha
ke; iuyr g Tyq ud lshk lsisu fohlg ijka fkdkafkah Tyq ta whf.a me;a;
.;af;ah f fya;=fjka udj kdYhg m;afjkjd uu
wjidkfha uu kej;;a hd{d lr iajdkS" fudkjo f fjkafka@ uu fk,d.kafka
l=ula Wfoid jemqrE M,o@ hs weiS' f wjia:df iajdka jykafia" Tnf.a mshd .ek
Tn orkafka l=uk wdl,amhlao@ lshd weiQfial uu mquhg m;ajqfk uf.a mshd b;du;a
hym;a mqoa.,fhla uf.a mshdg uu fndfyda fm%au lr Tyq ienkau i;a.=Kj;a
mqoa.,fhla uu Tyqj lsis gl ksYaph lr ke;

21

tg" T Tn Tnf.a mshdj ksYaph l,d uj Tng myr fok g Tnj wdrCId lsug
Tyq fkdmekSu .ek Tn Tyqj ksYaph l<d hs iajdka jykafia ug lSfh'
ud mshd .ek l< ksYaph ug fk,d .ekSug ish i;=rd fuh w;fldjla lr.;af;ah
f wjia:dj jk g uf.a ;fha isk fYaI;u mqreIhd jk uf.a iajdhd jk fcdakag
uf.a uj fuka ls%hd l< iNdf ldka;djkaf.ka ud wdrCId lsug fkdyels h tu
ldka;djkag Tjqkaf.a wiqNjd ish,a, ud u; fkdhj mejiSug yels h tfy;a uf.a
iajdhdg udj wdrCId lsug meKsh fkdyels h uu jemqrE foh ugu fk,d .;
hq;=h hk kHdh bIaG lsug i;=rdg fodrla jD; lf<
wmQrehs fufia isjkakg mqMZjkao@ f jk g fujeks b.eka j,g uu kjlfhlaj
issfh miqj f .ek uf.a ;=rsfhl=g lSfj' uu ys;k hg fohka jykafia ug
lshkafka flhs uu f .ek uf.a iajdhdg lshkafka kE taa;a uu Thdg mdfmdpdrKhla
lrkak lshd wEg lSfj
uf.a mshd uf.a ujf.ka udj wdrCId fkdl, jrog uu Tyqg iudj m%ldY flf< bka
miqj udf.a iajdhd udj ta oreKq lrorldr ldka;djkaf.ka wdrCId fkdl< ksid uu
Tyqg o iudj m%ldY flf< uf.a mshd iy iajdhd hk fofokdju ksYaph l< mdmhg
uu fohkajykafiaf.ka iudj b,a,d .;s
jemsu fk,d.ekSf kHdh iy uf.a yoj; w;r Wkajykafiaf.a l=reish ;nk fuka uu
b,a,d isfh
Bg udi follg miq iNdf ldka;djla kej;;a l=Kq f.dvla f.ke;a yejdh ta jydu
uu fcdaka fj; f.dia f lreK meye,s lr ks Tyq tu ldka;dj ;u ldhd,hg
le|jd wE ug lrk wmydih meye<s lf<ah fuh uy;a mqudldr fjkils Tyq m%isoafha
udj wdrCId lsug meKsfhah tod isg ish,a,u fjkia h uf.a iajdhdj nkaOkhlg
f.k udj wdrCId lsfuka j,lajkak id;kag yels jQfha ud lr ;snQ ksYaph ksidh
Tnf.a ;fha kej; kej;;a wiqNjd foaj,a isfjka mj;skafka k wdorh l< hq;=
mqoa.,fhl=g wdorh lsug Tng fkdyels k Y=oaOd;auhdKkag Tnf.a ;h mCId
lr n,k f,i b,a,d iskak Tnf.a ;fha jeo.;a ia:dkhla .kakd mqoa.,fhl=j Tn
ksYaph lr ;sfo lshd Wkajykafiaf.ka wikak h wdldrhlska Tjqkaf.a is;a ojd
wf.!rj lr we;ahs fmkajkak lshd b,a,d iskak
h mqoa.,fhl=g reoaOj lsisu wdldr fldamhla fyda ffjrh fyda jer yeS kg
fkd;sfnkakg mqMZjk Tn Tyqj ksYaph l,dh lshd o Tng yefkafka ke;s jkakg
mqMZjk tfy;a jer wdldr wiqNjd foaj,a ks;ru isfjka mj;skafka k ta ms<sn|
fidhd ne,Su jeo.;af ;s;a;lula ;ryla fyda is;a fokdjla uq,alrf.k Tn ksYaph
lr we; tksid Tng myru i|yd fodrla i;=rdg jD;j we;

22

ksoyia jkak
iajdkajykafia meKsfha uvkd ,oaoka uqokakh kQ yoj;a iqjlrkakh isrlrejka
ksoyia lsugh ^fhidhd 61(1& fufia ksoyi f.fkkafka ug muKla fkdf iEu ish
mqoa.,fhl=gu tfia lrkakg leu;sj ishs
iudju ;=,ska ksoyi ,nd.ekSug yelsj ish;a i;=rd ls;=Kq iNdf fndfyda fofkla
wkaOldrfha nkaOkhlg m;a lr we;s nj uu Yajdi lr ls;=Kqjka fuu i;Hh
k.ekSfuka je,elaug i;=rd jEh fhdohs uf.a fik. kdY iskafka fkdokakdlu
ksidh lshd nhsn,h mjihs ^fydfIhd 4(6&'
fuu b.ekaf i;H;djh fm!oa.,sl f,i ug fvd, ,shk .Kkdjlg jvd w.hla
we;af;ah tu.ska ud ksoyia iqjh ,nd we; fohkajykafia udj ksoyia lf<ah th
uysudka; ksoyils
000

23

4
iudj ug ld,h meK we;
uf; iqNdrxfha 16(19 mjid we;s foh ka wmg f;are .ekSug mqMZjk iaj. rdcHfha
h;=re uu Tng fokafk' fmdf<df Tn hula n|skafkao" iaj.fha th n|skq ,ef'
fmdf<df Tn hula uqokafkao" iaj.fha th uqokq ,efh hs mejeiQ fial'
wfma ; j, inkaO;d ms<sn|j .eg we;af;a fldfyahs fidhd n,d i;=rdf.ka tu
h;=re Wrd.; hq;=h wka wh wmf.a yoj;a j, lr we;s .eUQre fokdjka iy ;s;a;l
ms<sn| ksYaphka fkdfyd;a wmg ,eh hq;= Kh m%udKh wms lud l< hq;=h hqla;sh
idOdrKh b,a,d isk ;eka fidhd n,d iudjfuka iy miq;e,sfuka tajd iu
.kqfokq l< hq;=h wkawh we;s l< is;a fokdjka iy ksYaph ls j, we,S j;au
wmg l< fkdyel tfia lsrSu id;kag wfma ;fha md,kh Wfoid h;=r oSu yd iudkh
iudjfuka wka wh wysj hEu
wmg uyd W;= jia;=jla we; wmf.a ;h fhaiqiajykafiag mQcdlsfuka miq" lsisu
w.hla ke;sj is wmj ish,af,ka imQK h wmg f.jd.ekSug fkdyelsj ;snQ uyd
Yd, mdmh k Kh m%udKh fohkajykafia f.jQfial ka Wkajykafia wmg lshd
iskafka Tng l< yels b;du;au wju foh k Tf fiajlhdg Tf foumshkag
iy ifydaor ifydaohkag iudj fokak lshdh
l=vd wjfha ;u ifydaorhkaf.ka jO ysxid ,enQ ldka;djka lSmfofkla .ek uu oks
fujka wh msrskag oafY lr;s iuyreka ldka;djkag o oafY lsug mqMZjk
uf.a uq,a jdyh | jegqkdhska miq kau;= lsisu ldka;djlg uf.a ys; kakg bv
fkdyk njg uu jqrd .;s ler,af.a Wmldrho iu. tu jqrefuka ksoyia ug ug
ld,hla .; h ud jgd oudf.k ;snqKq mjqr |" ler,a ud fj; meKSu .ek uu
wehg ia;=;sjka; fj ;s;a;lu uq,alr.;a ksYapfhka iqjm;a ohdkqlmdj ksYaph
wNsnjd hk wdldrh w;aug thska ug mqMZjka h ^hdfld 2(13&'
iuyrg is we;s fojdplhka fld;r ne?re o lsjfyd;a iqMZ hd{djla lsrSfuka
muKla ksoyi ,nd.ekSug mqMZjkah lSu is;d.kak ne wiSre lreKla njg m;af' iuyr
wjia:dj, wmg is we;s ;=jd, b;d uE;l isjQjd fjkakg mqMZjk' tjeks wjia:dj,
tajd iu .Kqfokq lsug .=ld,hla .;fjkq we;
wfmdaia;= mdjq,af.a ; fjkig n,mEf fuu n,j;a uQ,Ouh kis iaf;amka k
;reKhd .,a myr ,en wjika yqiau fy,k w;r lshd is iajdkS f mdmh Tjqka u;
fkd;enqj uekj hk joka h ^l%shd 7(60&'
iuyrg fufia fudr.ik g Tyqf.a oEia ;reK idjq,a u; fhduqj ;sfnkakg we;
iaf;amka iudj m%ldY l< neka idjq,aj lsisu wd;al nkaOkhlg ,la fkdh i;=rdg
Tyqf.aa ;h md,kh lsu i|yd kS;suh wjirh we;s h;=r fkd,enqfkah miq ld,hl
24

fohkajykafia idjq,aj fm!oa.,slj iuqLfuka Tyqf.a yeru ish wo wm Tyqj

ykajkafka wkHcd;Skaf.a wfmdaia;=MZjrhd jk mdjq,a f,ih
wms wka whg Tjqka ,nkakg fkdjkd ;Hd.h h hq;=h wmg reoaOj m lr wmg
fokd ka iEu wfhl=gu lsisu m%Yakhla fkdwid iudj m%ldY l< hq;=h we;af;kau
Tjqka wmg f.h hq;= Khla we; tfia jqj;a Tjqka ,nkakg fkdjgkd ukdj jk iudj
wm Tjqkag m%odkh l< hq;=h fohkajykafiaf.a lreKdj k N+hg mshjr f.k fufia
m%ldY l< hq;=h' ohd lreKdj hqla;sh idOdrKh wNsnjd hd hq;=hs fohkajykafia
wmf.ka b,a,d iskafka fuhhs
ish,a,g jvd fhaiqiajykafiaf.a lreKd wkq.%yh ug iEfya ug reoaOj m l< ieug;a
udj fokdjg m;a l< ish fokdgu;a uu iudj keu;s ukdj fkdf,a m%odkh lr
iudj ,eug ;r iqiq ke;s wjia:djl uf.a fomshdKka ug iudj kakd fiau uf.a
idudj ,eug iqiq ke;sjQjkag uu o iudj fo ug wjYHjkafka lreKd ohdj i
hqla;s idOdrKh fkdf fufyhska uu ish fokdgu iudj ug ;SrKh lr lreKd
ohdj fmkafuka ugo lreKd ohdj ,efnhs' ^uf; 5(7&'
ler,a mejiQ wdldrhg is we;s foaj,a fidhd n,d Y=oaOd;auhdKkag tajd .ek ls%hd
lsug h ld,hla .; ug bv we; foaj leue;a; k wmj ksoyia m%S;su;a
ikaf;daIu;a mqoa.,hka njg mj;kh lsuh jemsu iy fk,d.ekSf kHdh ;=,ska
i;=rd bm;a lrk is;a fokdjka fldamhka iy h Wfoid wmg jeh lsug Y%uh
fyda ld,hla b;sj ke;
id;ka ls%hdlrkafka ksS;suh whs;sjdisl ;=,ska nj wu;l fkdlrkak wms wfma leue;a;
w;yer iajdks" Tnjykafia leu;s wdldrfhka u fmkajkak lshd lsj hq;=h iajdks
f mdmh Tjqka u; fkdr|jkak lshd mejiSfuka fhaiqiajykafia iy iaf;amka fuka wmg
o ls%hd lsug mqMZjk wms fohkajykafiag fufia lshd isuq ( ;s;a;lu yd is;afokdj
ksid ud Tjqkaj ksYaph lsu .ek iudj kq uekj ug l< jrog hqla;sh idOdrKh
ish hq;=h lshd b,a,Su .ek iudj kq uekj
iNd kdhlhka we;e wjia:dj, iNdkh /lSu Wfoid .;hq;= ls%hd ud. .ek uu
fuys l:d fkdlrk nj is;a ;nd.kak fuys Tnf.a yoj;g I fmdjk fya;= .ek
iy tajd ;=,ska id;kag Tnf.a ;hg we;=,a Tyqg leu;s wdldrhlg Tf ;hg
kdYhla f.k taug bv fok foaj,a ms<sn|j o l:d lrk nj f;are .kak
fohkajykafiaf.a yoj;g im ksYap," flSh ia:dkhla we; mrdl%uhdKkaf.a mshm;a
hgf;a jdih lsug ia:dkhla we; ksYaph iy hqla;-s idOdrKh mrojd lreKd ohdj
ch.%yKh lrkakdjQ fhaiqiajykafiaf.a l=reish mduq, ish yels ia:dkhla wmg we;af;ah
Tng mq;%hdKkaf.a uy;ajQ ksoyig meKSug mqMZjk tu ia:dkh k wkq.%yfha iy ohd
lreKdf ia:dkh f
uu" Tn ka iudj h hq;=uh lshd n, lrkafka ke; tfia lsfuka m%;sM, fkd,efnhss
Tjqka Tng l< foh l=ula jqj;a Tn ls;=Kqfjl= k iudj h hq;=uh lshd iuyre
lshkq Tn wid ;sfnkakg bv we;' tfia lSu jerh Tn ls;=Kqfjl= ksid Tn iudj h
25

hq;=uh lshd n, l< fkdyel iudj fkdug leu;s k tfia lsug Tng ksoyi ;sf
tfy;a iudjf we;s n,h Tn f;are .ekSu b;du;a jeo.;ah
Tng hqla;sh idOdrKh b,a,d isug whs;shla ;sf Tn tfia lrkafka k" Tno jmqrk
wdldrhg fk,d.kakg hk nj f;are .; hq;=h Tn lr we;s jer j,g ohd lreKdj
fjkqjg hqla;sh idOdrKh ,efnkjd ksh;h ud tu i;Hh f;are .;a jydu
fhaiqiajykafia mejiQ ohdjka;fhda Nd.Hj;ah ukao" Tjqka ohdj ,nkq we; hk jok
o jyd wjfndaO h ^uf; 5(7&'
iudj .,d hEug bv ykak
fohkajykafiaf.a jpkh lvqjla fuka Tnf.a yoj; midre lrf.k f.dia we;s nj uu
Yajdi lr Y=oaOd;auhdKka Tnj Wkajykafiaf.a lu;g f.ke;a Tnf.a fnd,a fldgia
bj;a lrkakg leu;sj iskfial Tn iska iudj h hq;= wh ljqo @
ud Tnj hd{djlg u fmkajkafk tfy;a" yoj;skau lshd fkdisfhd;a thska lsisu
m%;sM,hla fkd,efnkafkah Tnf.a yoj;skau fuh mjid ish hq;=h' iajdks" ug f
foh fydka f;are f.k ls%hd lsug lreKdj fokak fuys lshd we;s foa lrkak ug
Yla;sh fokak lshd hd{d lsu jvd;a hym;ah fohkajykafia tjeks hd{djlg
f.!rjh olajhs ;jo" wka wh ksYaph lsu ms<sn| mdmhg wm iudj .;hq;=h wiqNjd
RKd;aul is;=,sj,g bv yk wjia:dj, wmg ta nj u;la lr fok f,i o wms
iajdkaf.ka b,a,d isuq
wfma uqfjka wdYSjdo m%ldY lrkjd i lsisgl Ydm m%ldY fkdl< hq;=h iudjf
ukdj ,eug kqiqiaikag wms iudj m%ldY lr odhd-lreKdfjka ms f.!rjkSh Ndck
njg m;a fjuq Y=oaOd;auhdKkaf.a kj hqI iy ff;,h ;nd .; yels fm%aufhka iy
ksoyfika .uka lsug yels" kj i Ndck njg m;a fjuq
wms hd{d lruq
mshdfKks wms Tnj kuialdr lruq wmg fujeks wjYH;djhla we;s nj wm Tn bfha
fufia lshd isuq Y=oaOd;auhdKks Tn jykafia meK wmg Wo lrk f,i b,a,d isuq
wms ksYaph lrkjd fjkqjg ohdkqlmdj f;dard .;suq wmg ojk wh fjkqfjka Tjqkag
,eh hq;=ke;s iudj keu;s ukdj f fudfydf;a m%odkh lruq wmg kdYh f.k
taug whs;sh we;s i;=rdf.a n,h wms | fy<uq
ug b;d uy;a f,i fokdj ka ug reoOj m l< ish,a,kagu uu iudj fokakg
f;dard.kafk uu uf.a mshdg iudj fo uf.a ujg iudj fo uf.a ifydaorhkag
iy ifydaohkag iudj fo uf.a iajdhdg iy uf.a Ndhdjg iudj fo uf.a
fiajdia:dkfha m%Odkshdg o uf.a .=rejrekag iy iNd kdhlhkag iudj fo uf.a
;=rkago uu iudj fo ug reoaOj m l< iEu flfkl=gu uu iudj fo

26

iudj ,eug kqiqiq ish,a,kagu lsisu fohla n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkd iudj m%odkh lr
Tjqka ug f.h hq;= lsisu Khla ke; fohkajykafia f ish,a,u hym;g fmr,kakg
hkafka hhs uu Yajdi lr'
iajdks uu uf.a wiu;al .ek ugu iudj fokafk uu f ish,a,u ka w;a
ykafk iajdkS uu uf.a mdmh Tng lshd is uu ;s;a;lka iy fldamfhka hq;=j
f ish,a,kaju ksYaph lr we;af; uu ksoyia ug leue;af; ug iudj fokq uekj
uf.a foumshkag wf.!rj l< wjia:d .ek iudj b,a, uf.a .=rejreka iNd kdhlhka
iy ;=rkag wf.!rj l< wjia:d .ek iudj b,a, .egMZj i|kjd fjkqjg uu
.egMZjla u .ek Tnf.ka iudj b,a,d is hqla;sh idOdrKh b,a,d ud fudr .eiqf
uf.a we;s Wv=lu ksidh ug iudj fokq uekj
iajdkS uu ksoyia ug leue;af; i;=rdg uf.a ;hg we;s whs;sjdislu | ou
jemsf iy fk,d.ekSf kHdh ls%hd lsu fya;=fjka ug kakg ;snQ m%;sM, b;d uy;ah
wo ud fhaiqiajykafiaf.a l=reish f w;r isgqj Y=oaOd;auhdfKks ud iudj h hq;= iy
iudj .; hq;= mqoa.,hka we;ak ta wh ljqrekao lshd fmkajd fokakg uu Tn jykafiag
wjirh fo uu ksYaph hqla;sh idOdrKh fjkqjdg ohd wkqlmdj m;
wka wh ug f.h hq;= iEu Khlau f fudfydf;a l=reish mduq, ;n Tnjykafiaf.a
wkq.%yh iEfyk nj uu lsh uu fmdf<df h fohla ksoyia lrkafkao th
iaj.fhyso ksoyia lrkq ,nhs uu ish,a,u Tnjykafiaf.a n,j;a yia;hg ksoyia lr
uf.a ;fha n,j;a f,i ls%hd lrk f,i Tnjykafiag wjirh fo fuh b,a,d iskafka
fhaiqiajykafiaf.a W;= jQ kdufhks
ka Tn fjkqfjka wm;Hfha iy m%ldY lsf hd{djla hd{d lrkafk
mshdfKks f ukqIHhkaf.a ; j, hCIhdg ls%hd lsug we;s whs;sh uu bj;a lr
id;ka kqU fohkajykafiaf.a fik flf we;s mdrml whs;sh uu | fy<
Tjqkaf.a nkaOk ksoyia lr Tjqkaf.a ; j,ska bj;a fjk f,i uu fhaiqiajykafiaf.a
kdufhka kqUg wK lr fhaiqiajykafiaf.a f,aj, n,h lsisl,l ySk fkdfjhs tu f,aj,
kdufhka uu fuu ldka;djka mqreIhka ksoyia lr foaj mq;%h fohkajykafiaf.a
ukqIHh uu Tnj ksoyia lr ksYaph hqla;sh idOdrKh wNsnjd ohd wkqlmdj ka
rc lrhs
hCIhd md,kh lrk ish n,fldgqj,ska iy ;hla md,kh lrk fhka fldamfhka
m%;sfCIamfhka uu fhaiqiajykafiaf.a kdufhka Tnj ksoyia lr Tnf.a .e,jqlrejQ
fhaiqiajykafia Tnj lef|jQ imQK;ajh lrd hEu i|yd uu Tnj ksoyia lr hqodf
isxyhd i;=rdf.a iEu n,hla iy ls%hdjlau hgm;alr ke.S ishs hCIhdj wmf.a md hg
;nd fohkajykafiaf.a ohd lreKdj keu;s ia:dkhg mshjr k.s fhaiqiajykafiaf.a
n,j;a kdufhka wdfuka
wmf.a Khlrejkag wms iudj fokakdla fuka wmf.a Kh j,g iudj fokq uekj
^uf; 6(12&'
27