Phn I: Khi qut v h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3.

Phn I: Khi qut v h thng thng tin di ng th h 3.

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G. 1.1 Tnh hnh thng tin di ng trn th gii. 1.1.1 S tng trng ca th trng hin nay. Ngy nay c ti hn 574 mng GSM ang hot ng ti hn 190 nc trn th gii. Thm vo l s lng ln ngi s dng h thng PDC ca Nht, cc chun D- ASMP v CDMA. Cho n nay c khong hn 1,5 t thu bao di ng trn ton cu, khong hn 1 t trong s l thu bao s dng cng ngh GSM. Rt nhiu trong s h s bt u s dng truy nhp v tuyn cho cc ng dng s liu v d nh nhn tin, truy nhp mng LAN, truy nhp Internet, Intranet, hi ngh truyn hnh, gi v nhn nh cht lng cao Mng thng tin di ng 2G rt thnh cng trong vic cung cp dch v ti ngi s dng trn ton th gii, nhng s ngi s dng tng nhanh hn rt nhiu so vi d kin ban u. C th a ra cc thng k v s tng trng ca th trng di ng phn on theo cng ngh nh (hnh 1.1)

Hnh 1.1 Phn b thu bao di ng trn ton th gii. i vi cc nc pht trin, t l ngi s dng di ng d on s tng rt cao trong nhng nm ti. Tt c cc kt qu v d bo ny s gi mt tim nng rt ln cho cc thu bao di ng Vit Nam. 1.1.2 Th trng mi tim nng Bn cnh nhng thu bao truyn thng hin nay, c th tin tng rng rt nhiu my di ng c th c thit k c bit phc v cc mc ch khc nh giao dch, thng tin ch dn im ti im, im ti trung tm. Nh vy tim nng th trng s ch nn rt ln. Th trng s liu trn mng di ng c d bo s chim khong 50% tng lu lng trong vng 10 nm ti.

Hnh 1.2 Thng k s tng trng th trng di ng phn loi theo cng ngh. Cn c vo s lng thng k (hnh 1.1, hnh1.2) ta thy GSM l mt chun v tuyn di ng 2G so lng thu bao ln nht trn ton th gii. Nhng tc d liu cn hn ch v s lng ngi s dng tng ln, c bit l ngi dng a phng tin c nguy c khng p ng nhu cu ca th trng. Khi cc h thng thng tin di ng ngy cng pht trin, khng ch s lng ngi s dng in thoi di ng ngy cng tng ln, m rng th trng, m ngi s dng cn i hi cc dch v tin tin hn khng ch l cc dch v cuc gi thoi v dch v s liu tc thp hin c trong mng 2G.

Hnh 1.3 Cc lnh vc v nhu cu ca th trng. Nhu cu ca th trng c th phn lm cc lnh vc sau: Dch v d liu my tnh (Computer Data): S liu my tnh

E-mail Truyn hnh nh thi gian thc(Real time image transfer) a phng tin (Multimedia) Tnh ton di ng (Mobile Computing) Dch v vin thng (Telecommunication) Di ng (Mobility) Hi ngh truyn hnh (Video conferencing) in thoi hnh (Video telephony) Cc dch v s liu bng rng (Wide band data services) Dch v ni dung m thanh hnh nh (Audio - Video services) Hnh nh theo yu cu (Video on demand) Cc dch v tng tc hnh nh (Interactive video services) Bo in t ( Electronic newspaper) Mua bn t xa (Teleshopping) Cc dch v Internet gi tr gia tng (Value added internet services) Dch v pht thanh v truyn hnh (TV& Radio contributions) iu ny thc y thc y cc t chc nghin cu pht trin h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii tin hnh nghin cu v p dng trong thc t chun mi cho h thng thng tin di ng: Thng tin di ng 2,5G v 3G. 1.2 S pht trin ln 3G ca cc cng ngh di ng C nhiu con ng a nh khai thc mng pht trin ln 3G, hoc l pht trin qua giai on trung gian 2,5G(2G2,5G3G), hoc l pht trin thng ln 3G(2G3G). Phng thc pht trin mng qua th h 2,5G ch yu t ra vi cc nc, cc cng ty pht trin mng 2G hoc c vn nh. Hai cng ngh giao din v tuyn chim u th u theo con ng thng nht c th ln 3G. Nh khai thc GSM c th chn mt vi s kt hp GSM, GPRS, EDGE v tin ln WCDMA hnh thnh UMTS, ngha l l trnh s l: GSM,TDMAGPRSEDGE WCDMA(3G). Cn nh khai thc cdmaOne c s la chn cdma2000 1x, 1x EV-DO, 1x EV-DV. u im ca s pht trin qua giai on trung gian: p ng nhu cu v chuyn d liu "dng 3G" vi chi ph u t thp. Ko di thi gian v tng nhu cu v 3G. Tng kinh nghim v kh nng khai thc mng di ng chuyn mch gi v tnh cc i vi mi dch v ny. Vic chuyn t 2,5G ln 3G d hn t 2G ln 3G. Hn ch:

Nhu cu v 2,5G l nht thi, khng lu. Kh nng cp cc gii php 2,5G. Cn phng thc tin thng 2G3G thng p dng i vi nhng cng ty, nhng nh khai thc mi c giy php 3G.(V vy cc cng ty mi s ng dng lun mng 3G) u im: Cng ngh hin i, tng kh nng lm ch cng ngh v khai thc. Hn ch: Chi ph ln, nhu cu cha cao, v tng chm. Xu th chung ca cng ngh di ng l phi p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao v cht lng, dung lng, tnh tin li, gi c, tnh a dng dch v ca ngi s dng. V vy sau khi tn ti mt thi gian th cc cng ngh 2G b l nhng im yu l khng th p ng c cc yu cu trn m phi i n cng ngh 3G. i vi cc nh khai thc dch v di ng cng vy, h khng ch dng li cng ngh ang khai thc m lun c l trnh cho vic pht trin cng ngh tip theo. L trnh tin ti cng ngh 3G cng c nhiu con ng , tuy nhin nh khai thc phi da vo cng ngh hin ti ang khai thc xc nh l trnh thch hp, tit kim chi ph v hiu qu nht.

Hnh 1.4 S pht trin ln 3G. Trong tin trnh pht trin ln cng ngh khng dy th h tip theo (3G) ni nn theo hai hng pht trin theo hai tiu chun chnh c ITU-T cng nhn l CDMA 2000 v WCDMA. Chu u i theo hng : GSMGPRSEDGE WCDMA(3G). Bc M, Hn Quc, Trung Quc v mt s nc khc i theo hng :

IS-95A IS-95B CDMA 2000 m bc u l CDMA2000 1x. Ring Nht th h pht trin mng PDC ca mnh theo c hai hng WCDMA (NTT Docomo, J-phone) v CDMA 2000(KDDI).

1.3 Cc t chc chun ha 2,5G v 3G trn th gii. 1.3.1 Tng qut Trong mi lnh vc, mun p dng bt c phm vi no trn phm vi ton th gii u phi c xy dng mt b tiu chun cho cng ngh bt buc cc nh cung cp dch v, nh sn xut thit b hay nh khai thc phi tun th nghim ngt b tiu chun ca cng ngh . Hin nay trn th gii, tham gia vo vic chun ha cho h thng thng tin di ng 2,5G v 3G c cc t chc sau: ITU-T (T-Telecommunications) ITU-R (R-Radio) 3GPP : 3rd Global partnership project 3GPP : 3rd Global partnership project 2 IETF: Internet Engineering Task Forum Cc t chc pht trin tiu chun khu vc (SDO- Standard Development Organization) Ngoi ra, cn c s tham d ca cc t chc khc trong c s tham d ca cc nh khai thc thch ng v lm hi ha sn phm trn c s cc tiu chun chung. Cc nh khai thc tham gia nhm xy dng v pht trin h thng thng tin di ng mt cch hp l, ph hp vi thc t khai thc. Cc t chc l: OHG - Operator's Harnomonisation Group 3G.IP - Working Group 3G- WG8G. MWIF - Mobile Wireless Internet Forum Cc t chc trn tuy hot ng theo hng khc nhau, da trn nn tng cng ngh khc nhau nhng c cu trc v nguyn tc hot ng tng t nhau. Tt c cc t chc ny u hng ti mc tiu chung l xy dng mng thng tin di ng 3G. ng thi cc t chc ny u c quan h hp tc gii quyt cc vn kt ni lin mng v chuyn vng ton cu. Hai t chc chu trch nhim chnh trong vic xy dng tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng 3G l 3GPP v 3GPP2. Hai t chc ny c nhim v hnh thnh

v pht trin cc k thut cc lnh vc ring nhm tha mn cc tiu chun k thut ca h thng thng tin di ng 3G thng nht. 1.3.2 T chc 3GPP Nm 1998, cc c quan pht trin tiu chun SDO khu vc ng thnh lp mt t chc thnh lp tiu chun ha UMTS, c t tn l 3GPP bao gm cc thnh vin: ETSI: European Telecommunication Standard Instiute (ca Chu u). ARIB: Association of Radio Industry (ca Nht). TTA: Telecommunication Technology Association (ca Hn Quc). T1: ca Bc M. TTC: Telecommunication Technology Commitee CWTS: China Wireless Telecommunication Standard Group (ca Trung Quc). Ngoi ra cn c cc i tc t vn v th trng l: 3G.IP ca M. GSA ca Anh. GSM Association ca Anh IPv6 Forum ca Anh. UMTS Forum ca M. 3G American ca M. 3GPP cn mt s quan st vin l cc t chc pht trin tiu chun khu vc c tim nng tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc trong tng lai. Hin ti gm c: TIA: Telecommunication Industries Association (ca M). TSACC: Telecommunication Standards Advisory Council of Canada (ca Canada). ACIF: Australian Communication Idustry Forum (ca c). Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn l hon ton mi v da trn WCDMA , cc thnh vin ca mng s c pht trin trn nn tng ca cc mng thng tin di ng th h th 2 c vi nguyn tc tn dng cao nht nu c th. V mng li da trn m hnh ca GSM chng t c hiu qu trong thi gian trc. 3GPP c chia thnh cc nhm tiu chun k thut (TSF: Technical Specification Group) chu trch nhim v tng lnh vc: TSG-SA: V dch v v kin trc. TSG-CN: V tiu chun ha mng li. TSG-T: V thit b u cui. TSG-RAN: V mng truy nhp cho 3G. 1.3.3 Tnh hnh chun ho cng ngh 2,5G v 3G. CC CNG NGH 2.5G.

3GPP hon thin ch tiu k thut GPRS, hin cc SDO nh ETSI c b tiu k thut GPRS. Mt s nc thuc nhm cng ngh ny nh Chu u, Hng Kng bin son hoc chp thun p dng nguyn vn cho phu hp vi iu kin cng ngh ca mnh. 3GPP2 hon thin cc ch tiu k thut CDMA2000 1x. Cc nc c cng ngh IS-95 hoc IS-95B hu ht c tiu chun chp thun p dng nguyn vn cng ngh 2,5G. V cng ngh 3G tnh hnh chun ho phc tp hn nhiu trn 3 mng chnh: + Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn. + Mng li. + Giao din vi cc h thng khc. V cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn, co 5 h cng ngh c ITU-R chp nhn.

Hnh1.5 Cc h truy nhp cng ngh v tuynIMT-2000. Cc t chc xy dng xut trnh ln ITU: + Theo hng dn ITU-R M.1225 + Thc hin t nh gi ch tiu cht lng h thng xut. Kt qu l mt h bao gm 5 tiu chun c chp nhn theo khuyn ngh ITU-R M.1475: IMT-2000 CDMA DS WCDMA FDD (Chu u, Nht Bn, Hn Quc). IMT-2000 CDMA TDD WCDMA TDD (Chu u, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Trung Quc). IMT-2000 MC cdma2000 (Bc M, Hn Quc) IMT-2000 TDMA mt sng mang UWC-136 (Bc M). IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA DECT (Chu u, Nam M). Hai h thng ch o c quan tm ch yu l: WCDMA FDD/TDD: Theo 3GPP. Cdma2000 1x EV: Theo 3GPP2.

Vi vic nng cao tc ng k, cng ngh cdma2000 1x EV tho mn v yu cu tc truyn dn i vi yu cu 3G ca ITU. Thc t, nhu cu v dch v Multimedia trong 3G nh nn a s nghin cu v hng trin khai ln 3G theo nhnh cdma2000 u nhm n cdma2000 1x EV. Cu trc mng trong tng lai c xc nh trn c s hai ng lc chnh l cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 v Internet nh trin khai cc cng ngh IP nh thoi v a phng tin qua IP trn cc mng di ng. Hng pht trin ti cu trc mng ton IP cung cp dch v 3G c xc nh vi mt khi nim mi l mi trng thng tr o (VHE). Theo hng ny c hai phng n h tr cc dch v VoIP trong cc cu trc mng 3G: Phng n th nht c da trn cu trc dch v IN tp trung truyn thng. Phng n th hai trin khai trn c s mt cu trc mng phn b mi c thit b iu khin cc cuc gi VoIP thc hin cc giao din cu trc dch v m. Chng ta s phn tch kh nng pht trin t mng li GSM vi cc kt qu thu nhn ca 3GPP.Theo l trnh ny chng ta s c hai giai on trin khai chnh. Giai on mt ch yu da trn cc ch tiu ca Release 99 c a vo cui nm 1999 u nm 2000, t trin khai thng mi vo cui nm 2001. Thc cht v mt cng ngh giai on ny l bc pht trin logic t mng di ng th h 2.Giai on 2 tp trung cho bc trin khai hon thin trn c s Release 2000 hay cn gi l cng ngh R00. phn tch hng pht trin v mng, chng ta s tp trung xem xt cu trc mng c xut trn c s R00. Thc ra, k t gia nm 1999 th trong vic tiu chun ho 3G theo 3GPP cho thy hai xu hng pht trin v mng c nh hng n pht trin v mng 3G. Xu hng th nht l pht trin mng theo hng ton IP, v y l yu t c bn c xt trong R00. V mt cng ngh, cu trc trong mng ton IP theo R00 s thay th ton b cng ngh truyn ti theo chuyn mch knh thnh chuyn mch gi theo kh nng h tr a phng tin cho cc mng li 3G. Xu hng th hai l yu cu pht trin hng ti mt cu trc dch v m (OSA). Xu hng ny i cc nh khai thc mng phi c kh nng cho php cc nh cung cp dch v thuc bn th 3 c th truy nhp tt vo cu trc mng 3G qua cc giao din chun ho c tnh m. Cc c quan qun l vin thng trn khp th gii hin ang quan tm ti vic thc y trin khai xu hng ny v n gip y nhanh qu trnh t do ho th trng vin thng bng cch tng cng kh nng cung cp dch v gia cc mng v u cui khc nhau. Trong chun ho ca 3GPP th kh nng cung cp dch v ny c hiu qua khi nim mi trng thng tr o (VHE). C th hiu khi nim ny l mi trng cho php cc nh cung cp dch v bn th 3 c th pht trin cc ng dng v dch v 3G trn mt vi loi mng v u cui.

Nhm Phi hp d n
TSG mng truy nhp v tuyn TSG mng li TSG Cc thit b u cui TSG cc kha cnh h thng v dch v TSG mng truy nhp v tuyn GSM/ EDGE

CU TRC BN TRONG 3GPP

CC C TNH K THUT Hnh 1.6 Cu trc chc nng ca PCG v TSG trong 3GPP
ETSI UTRA ARIB WCDMA

FDD Phng php a truy nhp Tc chp Mcps Khong cch sng mang di khung S ln iu khin cng sut trong mt khe thi gian Khong thi gian mt khe thi gian iu ch s liu Up/Downlink iu ch tri ph Up/Downlink H s tri ph Dng xung

TDD

WCDMA

TD-CDMA

WCDMA 3,84 5MHz 10ms

TD-CDMA 3,84 5MHz 10ms

WCDMA 3,84 (1,024/7,68/15,36) 5(1,25/10/20)MHz 10ms

TD-CDMA 3,84 (1,024/7,68/15,36) 5(1,25/10/20)MHz 10ms

15 Khng tn ti QPSK QPSK 4-512 hm cos nng r=0,22

15 625ms QPSK QPSK 1,2,4,8,16

15 Khng tn ti QPSK/BPSK QPSK/BPSK 2-512

15 625ms QPSK/BPSK QPSK/BPSK 2-512

hm cos nng hm cos nng r=0,22 hm cos nng r=0,22 r=0,22

Bng 1.1 Cc tham s c bn ca UTRA FDD v TDD, ARIB WCDMWCDMA FDD v TDD

Cc tiu chun dnh cho 3G m 3GPP xy dng c pht trin da trn giao din v tuyn GSM-MAP v UTRA WCDMA. Khi nim UTRA bao gm c cc ch

 hat ng F v T h tr mt cch hiu qu cc nhu cu dch v UMTS khc nhau v cc dch v i xng v khng i xng. Trong qu trnh nh gi UTRA trong ETSI SMG 2, vic kho st c tp chung vo ch FDD. Khi nim TD-CDMA c chp thun dng cho ch TDD cha ng hi ha cc tham s gia FDD v TDD. Cc tham s ca UTRA c trnh by trong bng 1-1. 1.3.4 3GPP2 3GPP2 c thnh lp vo cui nm 1998, vi 5 thnh vin chnh thc l t chc pht trin tiu chun sau: ARBI: Association of Radio Industry Board ca Nht CWTS: China Wireless Telecommunication Standard ca Trung Quc. TIA: Telecommunication Industry Association ca Bc M. TTA: Telecommunication Technology Association ca Hn Quc TTC: Telecommunication Technology Council ca Nht. Ngoi ra cc t chc ny cn c mt s i tc t vn th trng: CDG: The CDMA Development Gruop MWIF: Mobile Wireless Internet Forum IPv6 Forum C th nhn thy rng thnh phn tham gia 2 c quan chun ha 3GPP v 3GPP2 v c bn l ging nhau, ch khc im 3GPPc s tham gia ca ETSI. V vy v c bn cu trc t chc, nguyn l hot ng ca 2 c quan ny gn ging nhau. S khc nhau ca hai h thng ny l con ng pht trin ln h thng 3G. V cu trc chc nng, 3GPP2 c mt ban ch o d n PSC (Project Steering Commitee). PSC s qun l ton b cc tiu chun ha theo cc nhm k thut TSG. 3GPP2 hin nay c 4 nhm tSG, bao gm: TSG-A: nghin cu v cc h thng giao din mng truy nhp. TSG-C: v CDMA2000 TSG-S: v cc kha cnh dch v v h thng. TSG-X: v hot ng lin kt cc h thng Ta c th thy cng vic chnh ca 3GPP2 chnh l xy dng tiu chun ha CDMA2000. CDMA 2000 cung cp mt con ng pht trin ln 3G bng cch s dng cc tiu chun TIA/EIA-95B hin c bao gm: TIA/EIA-95B: Cc tiu chun trm di ng v giao din v tuyn. IS-707: Tiu chu cho cc dch v s liu (dng gi, khng ng b v fax) IS-127: Tiu chun cho b m thoi tc 8,5Kbps EVRC IS-733: Tiu chun cho b m ha thoi tc 13Kbps IS-637: Tiu chu cho dch v nhn tin ngn (SMS). IS-638: Qun l cc thng s v vic kch hot qua khng gian (h tr vic cu hnh v kch hot dch v ca cc trm di ng qua giao din v tuyn). IS-97 v IS-98: Cc tiu chun dnh cho cc hot ng mc ti thiu.

Cu trc knh TIA/EIA-95 c bn. Cc tiu chun m rng cho cc cu trc knh TIA/EIA-95B c bn h tr lp ghp knh v bo hiu h tr cc knh pht qung b (knh hoa tiu, knh tm gi, knh ng b) IS-634A: Khng chu s thay i quan trong no khi dng cho CDMA2000 dn dn tch hp vi cu trc thnh phn ca IS-634A. TIA/EIA-41D: Khng cn thay i nhiu khi s dng cho CDMA2000. V cu trc phn tng ca CDMA2000 to ra kh nng d tch hp vi cc dch v gia tng. Cc tiu chun ca 3GPP2 c pht trin theo cc bc sau: Pha 0: Ton b cc tiu chun c cc SDO hon thin Pha 1: Ch yu l cc ch tiu k thut cho Release 1 k tha tan b phn 2G IS-95A v IS-95B. Hon thin vo nm 2000. Pha 2: Bt u t gia nm 2001 nhm h tr kh nng IP Multimedia, phin bn u tin hon thin nm 2002, cc phin bn sau 2003. Pha 3: Thm cc chc nng theo hng mng li IP. Hin nay giai on ny c khi ng. Ngoi ra, hin nay CDMA2000 1xEV ca 3GPP2 c ITU chnh thc chp thun 3G.

1.3.5 Mi quan h gia 3GPP v 3GPP2 v ITU. 3GPP v 3GPP2 hp tc ln u nhm gii quyt vn kt ni lin mng, chuyn vng ton cu, tp trung vo 3 kha cnh chnh: Truy nhp v tuyn Thit b u cui Mng li Hot ng hp tc ny thng qua OGH v cc nhm ad hoc c s tham gia ca c hai bn 3GPP v 3GPP2. Hin nay, IETF l mt trong cc nhn t mi cng vi 3GPP v gii quyt hng mng li chung ton IP. Mi y, sau khi nghin cu HSDPA (3GPP) v 1xEV-DO (3GPP2), c hai t chc ny u ang tip tc l lc theo hng mng li IP chung qua cc cuc hp nm 2002. ITU chu trch nhim phi hp s hot ng ca cc t chc tiu chun ho c th l2 n v chu trch nhim trc tip: ITU-T SSG: Special Study Group. ITU-R WP8F: Working Party 8F. Trong , ITU-T SSG c 3 nhm lm vic vi 7 vn , gii quyt 90% cng tc chun ho v mng (Network Aspects), tp trung vo cc mng: Giao din NNI. Qun l di ng. Yu cu giao thc.

Pht trin giao thc. Ngc li, ITU-R WP8F c trch nhim gii quyt 90% cng tc chun ho vo giao din v tuyt tp trung vo cc nhim v: Ch tiu ton din ca mt h thng IMT-2000 Tip tc chun ho ton cu bng cch kt hp cc c quan tiu chun SDO v cc Project (3GPP 3GPP2) Xc nh mc tiu sau IMT-2000: 3,5G v 4G Tp trung vo phn mng mt t (tng tc d liu, mng theo hng IP) Phi hp vi ITU-R WP8F v v tinh, vi ITU-T v ITU-D v cc vn lin quan. Vai tr ca tng thnh phn trong mi quan h gia cc t chc ny c th rt gn nh sau: 3GPP v 3GPP2: m bo pht trin cng ngh v cc chi tiu giao din v tuyn cho ton cu; Cc t chc tiu chun khu vc SDO: Lm thch ng cc tiu chun chung cho tng khu vc. Kt qu l s xut hin ca cc tiu chun IMT-2000 trn c s chi tiu k thut ca 3GPP v 3GPP2 ITU-T v ITU-R: m bo kh nng tng thch v roaming ton cu vi cc ch tiu. C th r vic phn cng v trch nhim qua ITU-R.M 1457 v ITUT Q.REF. Hin nay, c 3GPP v 3GPP2, ITU v IETF tip tc phi hp cht ch gii quyt mng li chung IP theo cc cng ngh 3,5G v 4G.

Chng 1: Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng 3G.

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