7.

.
7.2

.
7.3

7.4

10.

7.5
.
7.6


.
7.7

.
7.8

7.




. ,
,

.

,
.
,
30 30
,

.
,
()
.

7.1

.

.

,
-
. , 6.4,

. ,
. ,

(, ) (, ),
.
: ,
, , ,
- - ,
, ,
(..7.1).
.

7.1-

, .
(1
10), : d << , : d
.

7.

, .

- .
,
-

(..7.2). -

7.2-

,
, .

10 3 .
-
.
3
(,
). ,

. 10 15
- ,
.

,
.

.
(..6.15 6.16):
1 = o + = 2j sin( kzcos ) e jkysin
2 = + =

1
1
z j z
e e

=0

:
ksin = y;
kcos = z (
).

1
(..7.3).

7.3-

 ,
:

z = an = n
= n , n = 1,2,3,
k cos

: 1 = 0, ..
, 2.3. ,
, (..7.4).
7.4 -
,

n
a= n
: =
.

a
2 + 2 = k2 sin2 + k2 cos2 = k2.
:
2

n
= k = k 1 = k 1
= k 1 n ,
a2
2a
k
2

:
k=

,
- ,
.
:
k > , .
:
1 = 2j sin( z) e jy ,
.. y
.
< , .
:
1 = 2j sin( z) ey ,
.. y
.
k = , :
2 n
cn
2a
=
f=
=
, :

a
2a
n

7.

, ,
:
cn
2a
f =
=

,
2a
n
: , n = 1,2,3,
< (f > f)

.
>
(f < f), ,
.

.
n
n
n n n
=
=
=
a =
,
: cos =
.

k cos
ak a2 2a
, , cos 1
:
cn
2a
f=
=

,
2a
n
.. . ,
, = 0 (os = 1), ..
0
. .7.5.

f >> f

f > f

f = f

7.5-

.

(.. )
.
( ) ,
(..

)

E H .
E H .
( ) ,



E,
E H .
( ) ,

H ,

( ) ,

E H .
,
z
,
:
:

Ez = 0,
0
Ez 0,
0
Ez = 0,
0
Ez 0,
0

Hz = 0, Ex 0, Hx 0, Ey 0, Hy
Hz = 0, Ex 0, Hx 0, Ey 0, Hy
Hz 0, Ex 0, Hx 0, Ey 0, Hy
Hz 0, Ex 0, Hx 0, Ey 0, Hy

7.2 .



.
.

.

1897 . ..

y
a, b
(..7.6).

( = 0).
b
, 1x
2- z
a
:
7.6-

7.

dD
dE
rot =
= a
dt
dt

dB
d
rot =
= a
dt
dt
rot , :
y
z
x

a
t
y
z

x
z
y

a
t
z
x

x
z y

a
t
x
y

x z y

y
z

y x z

z
x

y y x

x
y

(7.1)

z.

E H :
x = H xme jzejt
E x = E xme jzejt
H
E y = E yme jzejt

y = H yme jzejt
H

(7.2)

z = H zme jzejt
E z = E zme jzejt
H
: .
(7.2) (7.1) :

zm
zm
j

=
+
j

,
1
+ j ym, 4

j a xm =
a xm
ym

zm
zm

, 2
,5
j a ym = j xm
ja ym = j xm

ym xm

ym xm
j

,
3

, 6
a zm
a zm

,
(.. , y, y) (..
z z). , m
z z, .5 .1:

 zm

j
+
j xm + zm j a
y
j a
x
zm 2

2 a a xm = j a
+ xm j zm
y
x
ja xm =

xm =

zm

ja
j zm
y
x
2 a a 2
1

: 2aa k2,
.
, , :

zm
E zm
1

+
j

xm = 2
a

x
k

zm
zm
1

ym = 2
a

y
k

ym xm

ja zm =

x
y

zm
zm
1

xm = 2
a
2

x
k

zm
zm
1

+
j

ym = 2
a
2

y
k

ym xm

ja zm =

x
y

(7.3)

(7.4)

. ,
. ,
( )
. ,
z = z = 0, (7.3) (7.4) ,
.
,
.

( ).
z = 0, . (7.3)
(7.4) :

7.

zm
1
j

, 1
xm = 2
a
2

y
k

zm
1

,2
ym
a

2
2

zm
1
j

, 3
xm = 2
2

x
k

zm
1
j

, 4
ym = 2
2

y
k

ym xm

, 5
a zm

(7.5)

(7.5) , zm
.
, .1 .2 .5
(7.5). :
2 zm 2 zm
2
2
k zm =

.
x2
y2
:
(7.6)
2 = k2 2.
- . :
(7.7)
2E zm + 2E zm = 0 ,

: =

+
- .
x2 y2

( ).
(7.7) :
E zm = [A cos(1x) + B sin(1x)] [C cos( 2y) + D sin( 2y)],
: , , , D, 1, 2 .
:
(..
) 0, ..
ym = 0 = 0 = ,
xm = 0 y = 0 y = b
(7.5) ,

, zm = 0 = , y = 0
= b.
= 0 = :
A [C cos( 2y) + D sin( 2y)] = 0,
= 0,

[A cos(1a) + B sin(1a)] [C cos( 2y) + D sin( 2y)] = 0.

= ,

, :
= 0

sin1a = 0
:
1 = m

1 =

m
,
a

m = 0, 1, 2, 3

y = 0 = b:
y = 0, [A cos(1x) + B sin(1x)] C = 0,
y = 0, [A cos(1x) + B sin(1x)] [C cos( 2b) + D sin( 2b)] = 0.

:
C = 0

D sin 2 = 0
n
2 =
:
2b = n
, n = 0, 1, 2

,
:
m
n
m
n
zm = sin( x) D sin( y) = 0 sin( x) sin( y) .
(7.8)
a
b
a
b
: 0 = D .
(7.8)
(7.7):
2

m
n
m
n
m
n

0 sin( x)sin( y) 0 sin( x)sin( y) +

a
b
a
b
a
b
m
n
+ 2 0 sin( x)sin( y) = 0
a
b
2
2
m
n
2

+ = 0
a
b
:
2

m
n
(7.9)
=
+
a
b

zm
(7.5) (7.2)
.

7.

1
z
m
n

j
=

cos(
x
)
sin(
y)ej( tz)
0
x
2 x
2
a

2
z
m
n

j( t z)

j
=

sin(
x
)
cos(
y
)
e
y
0

2 y
2

m
n

j( t z)
z = 0 sin( x)sin( y)e
a

1
z
m
n

=
j
=
j

sin(
x
)
cos(
y)ej( t z)
x
0

2 y
2
a

y = j z = j 1 0 cos(m x)sin(n y)ej( t z)

2 x
2

(7.10)

(7.10)
( ) .

.
1.

z . m n
,
,
mn.
m n
mn. (7.10) , m
,
; n
, b.
, , m = 0 n = 0,
z , ,
. , 0n, m0
.
11. . (7.10) Emn
(..7.7).

7.7- mn

 ,
, :

Ez, E H
,
;
(E = 0),

,
;
m
( ), n (
).
2.

mn. :
2

m
n
= k =
+ ,
a

2

2
2
2
2
m
n
= k =
+ .
a

k2 > 2, , ,
mn

z ( j( t z)).
k2< 2, ,

j[ t (-j )z] = e- zej t, ,
.
.
k2 = 2, :
2

2
2
2
m

=
(7.11)
+ .

a

,
m n
. (7.11)
2
mn =
2
2
(7.12)
m
n .

+
a

:
a.
;

7.
b.

c.

< mn, mn
. mn,
;
b

11, 12, 21, 22 .., <
mn.

3.)
k = 2/,
:
2
=
,

: .
( 7.6) :
2

2
2 2
= k = .

2

=
.7.12
mn , :
2

2 2 2 2
.
=

mn
=

a.

b.

.
(7.13)

1
mn

(7.13) :
,
m n, ,
.

. ,

,
.

4).
.

 V
.
V
() .
V V 7.8.

(..

). ,

= t
7.8-
,
, . .. , - :
AB
= = c,
t
t

: t = . t z (.
c
)
l1. , V

: V = 1 . .7.8 l1 =
. :
sin
t

c
c
V = 1 =
=
.
(7.14)
t sin sin
0 900,
V .
, ,
, .

. , V

.
(7.14) .
:

V. = ,
k
: k
.
, V :

7.

: - .
:
2f
2f
c
V =
=
=
2
2
2
2

. (7.15)
2
2 2

1
1

mn

mn

. .7.8,
. , .
t. z l2 (..7.8).
:

c sin
V = 2 =
= c sin ,
(7.16)
t

V , -
,
(

).
(7.14) (7.16) V V:
V V = c2 ,
(7.17)
V =

c2

V =
= c 1
mn
V

(7.18)

7.3

.

( )
.
z = 0, .

(. - 7.3 7.4)
:


zm
1

xm
a
y
k2 2

zm
1
j

ym = 2
a
x
k 2

zm = 0

zm
1
=
j

xm

x
k2 2

zm
1
=
j

ym

y
k2 2

ym xm
j =

a zm

x
y

1
2
3
(7.19)
4
5
6

(7.19) ,
zm.
. , (1) (2) (6), :
(7.20)
2 zm + 2 zm = 0 ,
: 2 = 2 2 ,
2
2
2
= 2 + 2 - .
x
y
(7.20)
, :
H zm = [A cos(1x) + B sin(1x)] [C cos( 2y) + D sin( 2y)],
: , , , D, 1, 2 .
:
, ..:
ym = 0, = 0 = ,
xm = 0, y = 0 = b.
(7.19) ,
:
zm
= 0, = 0 = ,
x
zm
= 0, y = 0 = b.
y
zm :
zm
= [A1 sin(1x) + B1 cos(1x)] [C cos( 2y) + D sin( 2y)].
x

7.

= 0 : B1 [C cos( 2y) + D sin( 2y)] = 0.

= : [A1 sin(1a) + B1 cos(1a)] [C cos( 2y) + D sin( 2y)] = 0 .
y,
:
B = 0

A1 sin(1a) = 0
m
1 =
:
, m = 0, 1, 2,
a
, y = 0 = b,
:
D = 0

C 2 sin( 2b) = 0
n
2 =
:
, n = 0, 1, 2,
b
z:
m
n
m
n
zm = cos( x)C cos( y) = 0 cos( x) cos( y) .
a

.
zm (7.20) :
2

m
n
2

+ = 0,
a

:

m
n
=
+ .
a

zm (7.19) (7.2)
:
z
ja 2

1
m
n

cos(
x
)
sin(
y)ej( tz)
a
0
x
2
2
y
a
b

z
ja1

1
m
n

j( t z)

=
j

sin(
x
)
cos(
y
)
e
y
a
0

x
a
b
2
2

z
j
1
m
n

= 0 21 sin( x) cos( y)ej( tz)

(7.21)
x
2

x
a
b

z
j 2
1
m
n

cos(
x
)
sin(
y)ej( tz)
y
0

2
2
y
a
b

z = 0 cos(m x) cos(n y)ej( tz)

a
b

.
.
1.
z .
m n ,
,
mn. m n
mn . , (7.21) ,
m = 0 n = 0,
. , .
10,
. (7.21)
mn , ..7.9.
2.
2

m
n
= k =
+ ,
a

, , ,
:
- ;
- (.. mn);
- ;
- V, V ,
, .
.
2

7.9- mn

7.

7.4 10.
10
.

10,


. , mn.
, mn ,
(7.12):
2
2
mn=
=
2
2
2
2
m
n
m
n

+
+
a
b
a
b
,
< mn.
:
- 10 = 2;
- 01 = 2b;
- 20 = ;
- 02 = b;
2b

=
- 11 = 11
; ..
2 + b2
, > b ( , b
), , :
1. 10 ;
2. ( 11 11).
.
.7.10
( = 23
, b = 10 ):
01

10

20

11, 11

02

10

18.34 20
10

20

23

46

01
11, 11

02
,

6.52

13.04 15 16.36

30

7.10- 23 10

 ,
( )
. f10 f20
10. f20 f01
10 20. , f,
.
:
,
.
,
.

:

10.
, .

,
, ,
, .
,

10.
10.
1. 10
m = 1 n = 0, (7.21)
10:
ja1

j( t z)

sin(
x
)
e
=

sin(
x)ej( tz)
y
o
yo

2
a
a

x = xo sin( x)ej( t z)

a
(7.22)

(
)
j

z = zo cos( x)e
a

y =0
x = z =

7.

, 10

7.11- 10

t = 0, (..
7.11). :
10:

= xo x + yo y + zo z = yo yo sin( x)e jz ,
a

: = Re = yosin( x) cos(z) ;
a
:

j z
x+y

= xo
+ zo zo cos( x)e jz =
o y + zo z = xo xo sin( x)e
a
a

= m sin( x) + cos( x) e jz
a a

[]

: m = xo2 + zo2 ,
:

[ ]

= Re = m sin( x) + cos( x) cosz .

a
a

2. ,
.
(7.22) ,
z:
1 1

x = y H z = yosin( x)H zo cos( x) = yoH zo sin(2 x) .

2
a
a
4
a
2
, : x = 0.

1 1

z = y H x = yosin( x)H xo sin( x) = yoH xo sin2( x)

2
a
a
2
a
2
, z: z 0,
, , ,
z. .
,
, :

= zdS
(7.23)
S

: S
.

z dS , (7.23)
:
b

b
zdxdy= 1 yo xo sin2( x)dx dy.
=
20
a
00
0
, yo xo.

y
.
yo
2f a
f
=
= ( .7.22) =
=
= a
=
2
xo

2 /

(7.24)
0
0

= a
=
=
2
2
2

1
0 0 1
1

1
,
: =
0 0
0
= 120 - ()
0
.
yo
(7.24) : xo =
.

:
0 =

7.
b
b
1 a 2yo 2
1 2yo a 2
=
sin ( x)dx dy =
sin ( a x)dx dy=
20
a
2

0
0

0
a/ 2

(7.25)

b 2yo
b

=
= 2yo
1

4
4 0

(7.25), (.
.7.12).
3. .

.
()
,
10:
2b 2
R s 1+
a 2a

=
[1/]
(7.26)
2

0b 1

a
- ;
2
- ;
b .
(7.25)

(.. 7.12).
( )
:
a. RS
;
b. .
()
() 7.12-

:

- .
: Rs =

- .
- .
- .

:

< 10 = 2a
<
a
<

2
> 20 = a

0< b <
> 01 = 2b
2
(7.24) (7.25) , b,
, b
, /2, .. b (0,35 0,45). .
/2 ,

.
(0,7 0,8).
4. .

.
j 10, ,
.
(2.11):
H1 = js
:

[H1, o ] = [ js, po ]

: o , po
(..7.13),

js 7.13-
.

, o = [no,po ],

:

js = [H1, no ]
(7.27)

H
10 ,
(7.27) .
,
, .7.14,

. :

7.

, , ,
, ,
,
.

,
(..7.14).
- 7.14-
,

. ,
(..1.4) :

dD
dE
J =
= a
,
dt
dt

(..7.22):

E(x, y, z) = yoE y = E(x, y) cos(t z) ,

:

J = aE(x, y) sin(t z) .
,
,

E , .. /4.

, ,
. , 1, .7.15,
, 2 .

: ,

. 7.15 - ,


,
.
,

 , , ,
.

7.5.


.
.

2R

.

z
R (..7.16).
r
,
7.16-
( 0). .
1- 2- :

dD
dE
= a
rot =
dt
dt

rot = dB = a d

dt
dt

(r, , z)
. ,
:
1. rot .
2. (.. r, , r, )
z z.
3.

.
,
, . .
, : z = 0,
0.

zm:
2E zm + 2E zm = 0 ,
: 2 = k2 - 2 ;
k ()
;

7.

- ;
2 .
2 , :
1 zm 1 2 zm 2
+ zm = 0.
r
+
r r r r2 2

, :
E zm = E oJ n (r) cos(n) ,
: 0 ;
Jn n , n = 0, 1, 2,
:
0 , .. = 0
r = R. , zm r = R, .:

E oJ n (R ) cos(n) = 0.
,
,
:
Jn(R) = 0.
(7.28
)
.
7.17. ,
(7.28 ) , :

U11 V01 U21 U01 V11 V21 V02

7.17-

R = Vnm ,
(7.28 )

: Vnm m n .
(7.28 ) , - :
V
= nm
R
, :
V

zm = 0J n nm r cos( n ) ,
R
:
V

z = zmej( t z) = 0J n nm r cos( n ) ej( t z) .

(7.29)
R
z,
: Ez, E, Hr, H.

1.

2.

7.29.

z . m n
,
nm. .7.17 ,
V01,
01.
nm .
:
V
2 = k2 2 = nm ,
R
:
2

V
2
= k = nm .

R
2

, :

k2 > 2, , ,
nm
;
2
2
k < , ,
;
:
2 Vnm
=
= .
k2 = 2

R
, ,
:
2R
=
.
Vnm

= k 2 2 , :
2

2
2
2
2
,
=
nm

:
=

(7.30)

1
nm

, (7.30) , .

7.

V V
:

2f

V = =
=
2
2 /
.

V V= 2, :

.
V = c 1

.
z=0,
.
zm:
2H zm + 2H zm = 0.
:
H zm = H oJ n (r) cos(n) .
: = 0 r = R. ,
Hzm r = R , .:
dHzm
= H oJ n (R ) cos(n) = 0.
dr
, :
Jn (R)=0.
(7.31)

. (..7.17),
(7.31), :
R=Unm ,
(7.32)
: Unm m- n- .
, (7.32)
:
U
= nm .
R
z :
z = H zmej(t z) = H 0J n ( U nm r) cos(n)ej(tz) .
H
R

, mn. .7.17 ,
U11,
11.
: k2= 2.
2 U nm
2R
=

, : =
. U11

R
U nm
, 11
nm nm . ,

11. , V, V ,

.

7.6


.

, ,
, :
11, 01 01. ,
.
)

,
.7.18,
, .7.19. , 01
11 01
( , ).
)
:
2R
2R
E =
, H =
Vmn
U mn
: R ;
Vnm m- n- ;
Unm m- n- .
.7.1
.

7.

/R

11
3,42

01
2,61

21
2,06

11
1,64

7.1
11
31
1,64 1,46

.7.20
)

. - )
.7.18, 7.19, 7.20
.7.1
11, 01 )
7.18 - 11 (), 01() 01
01:
()

11
1.
.
,
11

-
;
2.

7.19-
11 (), 01() 01
(..7.18). - ().
, -
, .7.21.
3. ,
, ,
(..7.22);

4.

, 11

.

01
1.

(..7.18),

, 7.20-

( ,
..);
2. 11, ,

11.
01
1.

(
), ..7.19. ,
R
(..7.20);
2. 01
(..7.1).
,

01.

7.21-
11

7.22 -

7.7

.

7.

,
,
2a 2b
(..7.23).
,
a, a (=0) . , 1 2-
:

dE
rot

=
j

E
a
a

7.23 -
dt

rot = a d = j aH

dt
(. 5.2)
:

2H + k 2H = 0

2E + k 2E = 0
2
2
2
2
: = 2 + 2 + 2 ;
x
y
z
k = a a -
, .

z, :
= H m(x, y)e jz ,
H
(7.33)
E = E m(x, y)e jz ;
: - .
(7.33) ,
:
d2E m jz d2E m jz
e
+
e
+ ( j)( j)E me jz + k2E me jz = 0.
2
2
dx
dy
2E m + (k 2 2)E m = 0,

:
2

: =

(7.34)

+
- ;
x2 y2
(k2 - 2) = 2 .
,
,
:

1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
(.. ,
z z),
(7.34), :
2 = k2 2 = 0.

(7.35)

:
2 2
2
2
=
1) = k ,
, = ,

: ;

a a.
,
.
2
= 0, = (f = 0),
2) .. =

: , f
.
, ,
,
.
, a b
, ,
. ,
.
(7.34) (7.35) :
m = 0.
(7.36)

(r, , z).
(7.36) ,
:

dU dU

E m(r, ) = gradU=
+
= (E mr + E m ) ,
dr
d

E
mr Em
: U , .
, : div grad U =

7.

0. div grad ,
:
1 d dU
1 d2U
(r ) + (
) = 0.
r dr dr r2 d 2

r = a r = b. ..
dU
dU
E =
= 0 r = a r = b. :
, ,
d
d
1 d dU
dU
(r ) = 0,
r
= const= A .
r dr dr
dr
dU A
= , U = A lnr .
:
dr r
U
:
dU j(tz)
A j(t z)

j(t z)
E
=
E
e
=

e
=

e
r
rm

dr
r

E = E mej(t z) = dU ej(t z) = d(A lnr) ej(t z) = 0

d
d

:
, : H
= 1 rotE .
rotE = jaH
ja
rot , :
r =0
H

1 A

jej(tz)
H =
ja r

z = 0
, :
A j(tz)

E
=

e
r
r
(7.37)

A
j
(

z
)

H =
e

a r
(7.37) .7.24
.

 7.24

7.8


.

:
1 1 A j(t z) A j(tz) 1 A 2
= E H =
e
e
=
=
2
2
2
r

r
2
r
a
a

1 A 2 a a 1 A 2
= 2
2 r2 a
2 r Zc

a
,
a
.
,
, :

P = dS
: Zc =

dS ,

dS = r dr d , :
b2
2
1A2 b 1
A 2 b
P = rdrd =
rdr
d

=
ln
2

2
Z
Z
a
(7.38)
c ar
c
a0
0

(lnb lna) 2

(7.38)
,

(
r
=
).

(7.37)

7.

A
, : A = E r max a .
a
(7.38), :
E 2r maxa2 b
P=
ln ,
(7.39)
Zc
a
Er max ,
(7.39)
.
.

:
b
b
A
b
U = E rdr = ej(t z)dr = A ln ej(t z)
r
a
a
a
E r max= E rm(r = a) =

,
.

H
d = I

2 A j(tz)
A j(t z) 2
2A j(tz)
I = H d =
e
rd

=
e
d

=
e

Z
r

Z
c
c

0
0
a
d
1 Zc

()
:
U Z
b
b
ZB = = c ln = 60 ln
(7.40)
I 2 a
a

, :
1 1
+
R S a b
=
(7.41)
2Zc b
ln
a
: RS
.

 (7.39) (7.41) ,

P,
-
a b.
P
.7.25

b/.
b/a

.7.25 ,
b a 1,65 7.25 -


, b a 3,6

. b a (7.40)
Z, :

b a = 1,65, Z = 30
,

b a = 3,6,

Z = 77

(7.41)

,
( = 1 2,25)
Z = 20 30 .
,
= 1 2,25 Z =
50 77 .