all students in the first and second grades of four different high schools in Istanbul.

from different districts of the city, mainly representing adolescents originating from families of middle or low socioeconomic levels. participation was anonymous and voluntary. the final group consisted of 839 students: 326 (38.9%) male and 513 (61.1%) female.

mean age of the probands was 15.9.

 childhood abuse or trauma, especially childhood sexual abuse eating disorders substance abuse post-traumatic stress disorder borderline personality disorder depression anxiety disorders neglect

Sexual touching of any part of the body, clothed or unclothed; Penetrative sex, including penetration of the mouth; Encouraging a child to engage in sexual activity, including masturbation; Intentionally engaging in sexual activity in front of a child; Showing children pornography, or using children to create pornography; Encouraging a child to engage in prostitution.

Emotional abuse is like brain washing in that it systematically wears away at the victims self-confidence, sense of self-worth, trust in their own perceptions, and self-concept.

Aggressing Denying Minimizing

failure of a parent, guardian, or other caregiver to provide for a child's basic needs. Physical (e.g., failure to provide necessary food or shelter, or lack of appropriate supervision)

Medical (e.g., failure to provide necessary medical or mental health treatment)3

Educational (e.g., failure to educate a child or attend to special education needs) Emotional (e.g., inattention to a child's emotional needs, failure to provide psychological care, or permitting the child to use alcohol or other drugs)

Total (present) n% sexual abuse emotional abuse neglect Self -mutiliaion 90(10.7) 131(15.9) 137(16.5) 175(21.4)

Boys (present) n% 22(6.7) 50(15.6) 41(12.8) 68(21.5)

Girls (present) n% 68(13.3) 81(16.1) 96(18.9) 107(21.3)

P Analysis by Fishers exact test <0.005 NS <0.05 NS

banging 92(11.3) head,hiting fist or other body areas

cutting body areas pulling hair burning other 68(8.4) 35(4.3) 17(2.1) 19(2.3)

38(12.2)

54(10.8)

NS

25(8.0) 6(1.9) 8(2.6) 7(2.3)

43(8.6) 29(5.8) 9(1.8) 12(2.4)

NS <0.01 NS NS

140 120 100 80 60

girls
boys total

40
20 0 neglect emotional abuse sexual abuse