NHNG VN C BN V T CHC, B MY CA H THNG CHNH TR NC TA HIN NAY

(Ti liu bi dng thi nng ngch chuyn vin chnh khi ng, on th nm 2012)

I. C CU T CHC CA H THNG CHNH TR NC TA H thng chnh tr nc ta hin nay l mt chnh th thng nht, gn b hu c bao gm: ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Nh nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam, Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc on th nhn dn, di s lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam. 1. ng Cng sn Vit Nam ng Cng sn Vit Nam l i tin phong ca giai cp cng nhn Vit Nam, ng thi l i tin phong ca nhn dn lao ng v dn tc Vit Nam; i biu trung thnh li ch ca giai cp cng nhn, nhn dn lao ng v ca dn tc. ng ly ch ngha Mc Lnin v t tng H Ch Minh lm nn tng t tng, kim ch nam cho hnh ng, ly tp trung dn ch lm nguyn tc t chc c bn. ng Cng sn Vit Nam l ng cm quyn, lnh o nh nc v x hi. ng lnh o bng cng lnh, chin lc, cc nh hng v chnh sch v ch trng ln; bng cng tc tuyn truyn, thuyt phc, vn ng t chc, kim tra, gim st v bng hnh ng gng mu ca ng vin. ng thng nht lnh o cng tc cn b v qun l i ng cn b, gii thiu nhng ng vin u t c nng lc v phm cht vo hot ng trong cc c quan lnh o ca h thng chnh tr. ng lnh o thng qua t chc ng v ng vin hot ng trong cc t chc ca h thng chnh tr, tng cng ch trch nhim c nhn, nht l ngi ng u. ng lnh o h thng chnh tr ng thi l mt b phn ca h thng y. ng gn b mt thit vi nhn dn, tn trng v pht huy quyn lm ch ca nhn dn, da vo nhn dn xy dng ng, chu s gim st ca nhn dn, hot ng trong khun kh Hin php v php lut. 2. Nh nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam Nh nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l nh nc php quyn ca dn, do dn, v dn. Tt c quyn lc ca Nh nc thuc v nhn dn ta m nn tng l lin minh gia giai cp cng nhn vi giai cp nng dn v i ng tr thc lm nn tng, di s lnh o ca ng. Nh nc ban hnh php lut, t chc qun l x hi bng php lut, khng ngng tng cng php ch x hi ch ngha.

Nh nc phc v nhn dn, gn b cht ch vi nhn dn, thc hin quyn dn ch ca nhn dn, tn trng v lng nghe kin ca nhn dn, chu s gim st ca nhn dn; c c ch v bin php kim sot, ngn nga v trng r t quan liu, tham nhng, v trch nhim, lm quyn, xm phm quyn dn ch ca cng dn; gi nghim k cng x hi, nghim tr mi hnh ng xm phm li ch ca T quc v nhn dn. T chc v hot ng ca b my qun l nh nc theo nguyn tc tp trung, dn ch. Quyn lc nh nc l thng nht, c s phn cng, phn cp, ng thi bo m s ch o tp trung, thng nht ca Trung ng. Nh nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng nht ba quyn lp php, hnh php v t php, c s phn cng, phi hp v kim sot gia cc c quan trong vic thc hin ba quyn . 3. Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc on th nhn dn Mt trn T quc Vit Nam l t chc lin minh chnh tr, lin hip t nguyn ca t chc chnh tr, cc t chc chnh tr - x hi, t chc x hi v c nhn tiu biu ca cc giai cp v tng lp x hi, cc dn tc, cc tn gio, ngi Vit Nam nh c nc ngoi. Mt trn T quc Vit Nam l mt b phn ca h thng chnh tr, l c s chnh tr ca chnh quyn nhn dn. ng Cng sn Vit Nam va l thnh vin va l ngi lnh o Mt trn. Mt trn hot ng theo phng thc hip thng dn ch, phi hp v thng nht hnh ng gia cc thnh vin. Cc on th nhn dn tu theo tnh cht, tn ch v mc ch xc nh, va vn ng on vin, hi vin gip nhau chm lo, bo v cc li ch thit thc, va gio dc nng cao trnh mi mt cho on vin, hi vin, va tham gia qun l nh nc, qun l x hi . T chc ca Mt trn T quc v cc on th nhn dn ( nng ct l Cng on, on Thanh nin, Hi lin hip ph n, Hi cu chin binh, Hi nng dn), cc t chc chnh tr- x hi, t chc x hi khc c php lut tha nhn tu theo tnh cht, c im m c quy m t chc ph hp. ng lnh o Nh nc, Mt trn T quc v cc on th chnh tr x hi, t chc x hi thng qua t chc ca ng c lp trong c quan Nh nc, Mt trn v cc on th (Ban cn s ng, ng on); thng qua i ng cp u vin v ng vin cng tc trong cc c quan Nh nc, Mt trn v on th; lnh o bng ngh quyt ca ng, bng cng tc t chc cn b, cng tc kim tra, gim st... ng lnh o lc lng v trang tuyt i, trc tip v mi mt v lnh o trc tip on thanh nin cng sn H Ch Minh.
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II. T CHC CA H THNG CHNH TR NC TA HIN NAY 1. H thng t chc ng iu l ng quy nh: H thng t chc ca ng c thnh lp tng ng vi h thng t chc hnh chnh ca Nh nc. H thng t chc ng thnh lp theo cp hnh chnh lnh th l h thng c bn, bo m s lnh o ton din ca ng mi cp v ca ton ng. Vic lp t chc ng nhng ni c c im ring theo quy nh ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng (Quy nh s 45- Q/TW ngy 01-11-2011 v thi hnh iu l ng ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng). H thng t chc ca ng, cc c quan tham mu gip vic ca cp u cc cp tng bc c sp xp, kin ton hp l v hiu qu hn sau khi thc hin Ngh quyt Trung ng ba, Trung ng by (kho VIII) v Ngh quyt i hi ng ton quc ln th IX, Hi ngh ln th 4, ln th 5, Ban chp hnh Trung ng kho X. Ngh quyt i hi XI v cc Ngh quyt Trung ng 5, Trung ng 6, Trung ng 7(kho XI) tip tc xem xt quyt nh kin ton h thng t chc ca ng p ng yu cu nhim v mi. T chc ca ng Cng sn Vit nam hin nay gm: - H thng t chc ng b, chi b (t cp Trung ng, cp tnh, huyn, c s, chi b); - C quan lnh o ca ng cc cp (i hi, cp u); - C quan tham mu gip vic cp u (cc ban ng, n v s nghip ca ng); - T chc ng c lp trong cc c quan nh nc v on th chnh tr x hi (ban cn s ng, ng on).

1.1. H thng t chc cc ng b, chi b a) Cp Trung ng: ton ng c c quan lnh o ca ng l Ban Chp hnh Trung ng (B Chnh tr, Ban B th). Hin nay c 67 ng b trc thuc Ban Chp hnh Trung ng : - 63 ng b tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng (theo cp hnh chnh lnh th, c chnh quyn cng cp). - 04 ng b khc trc thuc Trung ng l ng b Khi cc c quan Trung ng, ng b khi Doanh nghip Trung ng; ng b Qun i; ng b Cng an Trung ng.

(Trc nm 2006 c 75 u mi, sau khi thc hin NQTW 4 kho X gim c 08 u mi). b) Cp tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng v tng ng c cc ng b trc thuc gm: - ng b huyn, qun, th, thnh ph trc thuc tnh u, thnh u (theo hnh chnh lnh th). - ng b cp trn trc tip ca c s (tng ng cp huyn) trc thuc tnh u, thnh u, ng u trc thuc Trung ng. - Mt s t chc c s ng c v tr quan trng, ng ng vin, nhiu t chc ng trc thuc, c giao mt s quyn ca cp trn c s. - Cc ng b, chi b c s c v tr quan trng trc thuc tnh u, thnh u, ng u khi Trung ng, Qun u Trung ng, ng u Cng an Trung ng. c) Cp huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh v tng ng c cc t chc c s ng trc thuc gm : - Cc ng b, chi b c s x, phng, th trn (theo cp hnh chnh lnh th). - Cc ng b c s c quan, doanh nghip, n v s nghip, lc lng v trang trc thuc huyn y, qun y, th y v tng ng. d) Cp c s x, phng, th trn v cc loi hnh t chc c s ng c quan, doanh nghip, n v s nghip khc c cc t chc ng trc thuc gm: - Cc ng b b phn (ni c ng ng vin); - Cc chi b trc thuc; - Cc t ng ( ni thnh lp chi b, c ng ng vin). 1.2. H thng cp y cc cp Gn vi h thng t chc ng l h thng cp u ng cc cp. Cp u cc cp l c quan lnh o, ch o, iu hnh, chp hnh gia hai k i hi ca ng b cc cp. iu l ng quy nh : C quan lnh o cao nht ca ng l i hi i biu ton quc. C quan lnh o mi cp l i hi i biu hoc i hi ng vin. Gia hai k i hi, c quan lnh o ca ng l Ban Chp hnh Trung ng, mi cp l ban chp hnh ng b, ban chp hnh chi b (gi tt l cp u).
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Theo quy nh ca iu l ng kha X, kha XI v Quy nh thi hnh iu l ng ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng kha XI th nhim k i hi ca t chc c s ng v ca cp y c s tr ln l 5 nm. Nhim k ca chi b, chi y trc thuc ng u c s l 5 nm /2 ln (quy nh ny c p dng t nhim k i hi X). S lng U vin Ban chp hnh Trung ng do i hi ng ton quc quyt nh, s lng cp u vin mi cp do i hi cp quyt nh trn c s hng dn ca Trung ng. H thng cp u ng do i hi cc cp bu, trng hp c bit hoc thnh lp mi, chia tch, hp nht, sp nhp gia 2 k i hi th do cp u cp trn trc tip ch nh. 1.2.1. V Ban Chp hnh Trung ng, B Chnh tr, Ban B th: a) Ban Chp hnh Trung ng l c quan lnh o cao nht trong ton ng gia 2 k i hi; s lng y vin Ban Chp hnh Trung ng do i hi ng ton quc tho lun, quyt nh. Ban Chp hnh trung ng c nhim v, quyn hn: - T chc ch o thc hin Cng lnh chnh tr, iu l ng, cc ngh quyt ca i hi; quyt nh nhng ch trng, chnh sch v i ni, i ngoi, cng tc qun chng v cng tc xy dng ng; chun b i hi i biu ton quc ca ng nhim k tip theo, i hi i biu ton quc bt thng (nu c). Ban Chp hnh Trung ng cn c tnh hnh thc t c th ch o th im mt s ch trng mi cha c quy nh trong iu l ng. - Ban Chp hnh Trung ng hp thng l su thng mt ln; hp bt thng khi cn. - Ban Chp hnh Trung ng bu B Chnh tr; bu Tng B th trong s U vin B Chnh tr; - Thnh lp Ban B th gm Tng B th, mt s y vin B Chnh tr do B Chnh tr phn cng v mt s y vin Ban B th do Ban Chp hnh Trung ng bu trong s y vin Ban Chp hnh Trung ng; - Bu U ban Kim tra Trung ng; bu Ch nhim U ban Kim tra Trung ng trong s U vin U ban Kim tra Trung ng. S lng U vin B Chnh tr, y vin Ban B th v U vin U ban Kim tra Trung ng do Ban Chp hnh Trung ng quyt nh. b) B Chnh tr do Ban Chp hnh Trung ng bu ngay sau i hi i biu ton quc ca ng, c nhim v, quyn hn theo quy nh ca iu l ng l:

- Lnh o v kim tra, gim st vic thc hin ngh quyt i hi i biu ton quc, ngh quyt ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng; quyt nh nhng vn v ch trng, chnh sch, t chc, cn b; - Quyt nh triu tp v chun b ni dung cc k hp ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng; bo co cng vic lm trc hi ngh Ban Chp hnh Trung ng hoc theo yu cu ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng. c) Ban B th lnh o cng vic hng ngy ca ng: ch o cng tc xy dng ng v cng tc qun chng; kim tra, gim st vic thc hin cc ngh quyt, ch th ca ng v kinh t, x hi, quc phng, an ninh, i ngoi; ch o s phi hp hot ng gia cc t chc trong h thng chnh tr; quyt nh mt s vn v t chc, cn b v mt s vn khc theo s phn cng ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng; ch o hoc kim tra vic chun b cc vn a ra B Chnh tr tho lun v quyt nh.
1..2.2. V c quan lnh o a phng cp tnh, cp huyn

a) Nhim v ca ban chp hnh v hnh thc sinh hot ca ban chp hnh: - Cp y tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng (gi tt l tnh y, thnh y), cp y huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph trc thuc tnh (gi tt l huyn y, qun y, th y, thnh y) l c quan lnh o ca ng b tnh, ng b huyn gia 2 k i hi, c nhim v: lnh o thc hin ngh quyt i hi i biu; ngh quyt, ch th ca cp y cp trn. - Hi ngh tnh y, thnh y, huyn y, qun y, th y do ban thng v triu tp thng l ba thng mt ln; hp bt thng khi cn. Hi ngh bu ban thng v; bu b th v ph b th trong s y vin thng v; bu y ban kim tra; bu ch nhim y ban kim tra trong s y vin y ban kim tra. S lng y vin ban thng v v y vin y ban kim tra do cp y quyt nh theo hng dn ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng. b) Nhim v ca ban thng v; thng trc cp y : - Ban thng v lnh o v kim tra vic thc hin ngh quyt ca i hi i biu, ngh quyt, ch th ca cp y cng cp v cp trn; quyt nh nhng vn v ch trng, t chc, cn b; quyt nh triu tp v chun b ni dung cc k hp ca cp y. - Thng trc cp y gm b th, cc ph b th, ch o kim tra thc hin ngh quyt, ch th ca cp y, ca ban thng v v cp y cp trn; gii quyt cng vic hng ngy ca ng b; quyt nh triu tp v chun b ni dung cc k hp ca ban thng v.
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1.3. Ban cn s ng, ng on Thc hin theo iu 42, iu 43 iu l ng. Ban Cn s ng c lp mt s c quan hnh php, t php cp Trung ng, cp tnh. ng on c lp mt s c quan lnh o Nh nc (do bu c) v mt s t chc chnh tr - x hi cp Trung ng, cp tnh. 1.4. H thng c quan tham mu gip vic, n v s nghip ca cp u Theo quy nh ca iu l ng Cp u mi cp lp cc c quan tham mu gip vic theo hng dn ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng. T sau i hi ng ton quc ln th VIII v khi thc hin ngh quyt Trung ng 7 (kho VIII) v NQTW 4 kho X va qua, h thng c quan tham mu gip vic c t chc li gn hn n nay u mi t chc cc ban v c quan ng c tinh gin ng k so vi thi k trc i mi. cp Trung ng, t 24 u mi (16 ban, vn phng v 8 n v s nghip) t chc li thnh 6 ban (Ban T chc TW, Ban Tuyn gio TW, Ban Dn vn TW, U ban Kim tra TW, Ban i ngoi TW, Vn phng TW) v 4 n v s nghip (Bo Nhn dn, Tp ch Cng sn, Nh xut bn Chnh tr quc gia, Hc vin Chnh tr Hnh chnh quc gia H Ch Minh). cp tnh t 12 - 15 u mi t chc li thnh 7 u mi (5 ban v 2 n v s nghip). cp huyn cn t 5 - 6 u mi (5 ban v trung tm bi dng chnh tr cp huyn). Ngh quyt Hi ngh ln th 5 Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng kho XI quyt nh thnh lp li Ban Ni chnh Trung ng v ban ni chnh cp tnh. Hi Ngh Trung ng 6 s tip tc nghe v quyt nh v Ban Kinh t Trung ng. 2. T chc nh nc T chc b my Nh nc bao gm : Quc hi (c quan lp php) v hi ng nhn dn cc cp; Ch tch nc (l nguyn th quc gia, Ch tch Hi ng Quc phng an ninh v thc thi cc nhim v theo quy nh ca Hin php); Chnh ph v u ban nhn dn cc cp (c quan hnh chnh nh nc), Vin Kim st nhn dn, To n nhn dn cc cp (c quan t php). 2.1. T chc ca Quc hi Quc hi do dn bu, thc hin nhim k i biu 5 nm. Quc hi lp ra cc U ban, cc Ban c b phn chuyn trch Trung ng; a phng c cc on i biu, chuyn trch a phng. Quc hi c s i mi v ni dung v phng thc hot ng, tng cng vic xy dng v ban hnh cc b lut, lut, php lnh, th ch ho ng
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li, ch trng ca ng, c th ho cc quy nh ca Hin php, quan h phi hp gia Quc hi, U ban Thng v Quc hi vi Ch tch nc, Chnh ph, To n nhn dn ti cao, Vin Kim st nhn dn ti cao, Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, hnh thnh c ch tip xc gia i biu Quc hi vi c tri, dn ch trong sinh hot Quc hi, tng cng cht vn cng khai ti Quc hi, bo m vai tr lnh o ca ng thng qua ng on Quc hi. 2.2. Ch tch nc Ch tch nc l ngi ng u Nh nc, thay mt nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam v i ni v i ngoi. Ch tch nc l i biu Quc hi, do Quc hi bu; chu trch nhim v bo co cng tc trc Quc hi. Ch tch nc ban hnh lnh, quyt nh thc hin nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh (theo Chng VII, Hin php 1992) v t chc b my chuyn trch gip vic theo quy nh ca php lut. 2.3. Chnh ph v cc c quan hnh chnh nh nc T chc b my ca Chnh ph, c quan hnh chnh nh nc tinh gin hn so vi nm 1986. cp Trung ng, trc 1/8/2007 tng s u mi cc c quan thuc Chnh ph gim t 76 xung cn 38 (26 b, c quan ngang b v 12 c quan thuc chnh ph), hin nay cn 22 u mi (gm 18 b, 4 c quan ngang b). cp tnh t 35 - 40 u mi nay cn 19 - 25. cp huyn t 20 - 25 u mi, nay cn 8 - 12 u mi. Thc hin Ngh quyt Hi ngh ln th 5 Ban chp hnh Trung ng kho X, c cu t chc b my ca Chnh ph c sp xp cho ph hp yu cu, nhim v mi, tinh gn hn, tng hp hn. Chnh ph, c quan hnh chnh nh nc c s i mi v chc nng, nhim v, c cu t chc, b my gn vi qu trnh chuyn i c ch qun l kinh t, lm r hn chc nng qun l v m ca Chnh ph v cc B; phn bit r hn qun l hnh chnh nh nc vi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip nh nc. Chnh ph tin hnh ci cch th ch, tp trung ci cch th tc hnh chnh, nht l trong lnh vc lin quan n sn xut, kinh doanh v i sng nhn dn. 2.4. Cc c quan t php H thng t chc ca to n bao gm: To n nhn dn ti cao, cc to n nhn dn tnh thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng, cc to n nhn dn huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph trc thuc tnh; cc to n qun s; cc to n khc do lut nh. Trong tnh hnh c bit, Quc hi c th quyt nh hnh thnh to n c bit.

H thng t chc ca Vin kim st nhn dn bao gm: Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao, cc vin kim st nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng; cc vin kim st nhn dn huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh; cc vin kim st qun s. H thng cc to n, vin kim st, c quan iu tra, c quan thi hnh n c kin ton v i mi mt bc v t chc v hot ng, v phi hp u tranh phng chng ti phm, gii quyt cc v n hnh s, dn s, hn nhn gia nh, lao ng v cc v n khc, gp phn gi vng n nh chnh tr v trt t an ton x hi. 3. Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc on th nhn dn Cc t chc bao gm Cng on, on thanh nin Cng sn H Ch Minh, Hi Cu chin binh, Hi Ph n, Hi Nng dn c t chc t Trung ng n c s cng vi cc t chc qun chng khc tng bc i mi v ni dung, phng thc hot ng, khc phc mt bc tnh trng hnh chnh ho, coi trng nhim v tp hp v gio dc vn ng on vin, hi vin v nhn dn tham gia qun l nh nc, qun l x hi, gp phn xy dng ng, chnh quyn, y mnh phong tro thi ua lao ng sn xut xo i gim ngho, gi gn an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi. Nhng u im ni bt trong vic i mi, kin ton t chc, b my ca h thng chnh tr nc ta sau 4 nm thc hin Ngh quyt Trung ng 4, 5 kho X (Thng bo kt lun s 39- TB/TW ngy 14/6/2011 ca B Chnh tr) l: - Tng bc sp xp, kin ton hp l hn t chc, b my c quan ng, Nh nc, Mt trn T quc v cc on th chnh tr - x hi theo hng tinh gn. S lng u mi cc b, ban, ngnh gim. - Chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn, phng thc lnh o, mi quan h, l li lm vic ca c quan ng, Nh nc, Mt trn v cc on th chnh tr - x hi c quy nh c th hn, iu chnh, b sung hp l, phn nh r rng hn theo c ch ng lnh o, Nh nc qun l, nhn dn lm ch. V c bn, chc nng, nhim v ca cc ban ng Trung ng, nht l cc ban c s sp xp, kin ton ph hp vi c cu t chc mi, khng trng lp, chng cho. Chc nng, nhim v cc b, c quan ngang b tip tc c hon thin, khc phc c bn s trng dm, cc b c t chc theo m hnh qun l a ngnh, a lnh vc hot ng n nh, c ch phi hp tt hn, hiu lc, hiu qu c nng ln, phn bit r hn chc nng qun l nh nc vi chc nng qun l sn xut kinh doanh, tch dn hot ng hnh chnh vi hot ng ca cc n v kinh t, s nghip v dch v cng.

- T chc ng on, ban cn s ng c xc nh r hn v chc nng, nhim v, t chc v hot ng. - Cht lng i ng cn b cng chc nhn chung c nng ln mt bc v trnh l lun chnh tr, hc vn, chuyn mn, nghip v. a s cn b, cng chc gi gn phm cht chnh tr v o c, li sng, trung thnh vi s nghip cch mng ca ng, thch ng dn vi c ch th trng nh hng x hi ch ngha v hi nhp quc t. Nhng tin b gp phn nng cao hiu qu lnh o, ch o ca cc cp u ng, hiu lc, hiu qu qun l ca Nh nc; i mi hot ng ca Mt trn T quc v cc on th chnh tr- x hi. Nhng khuyt im, tn ti ch yu: - T chc ca mt s c quan ng, nh nc v on th chnh tr- x hi cha thc s tinh gn, hiu qu. Vic thnh lp cc tng cc, cc thuc tng cc nhm p ng yu cu qun l su chuyn ngnh, nhng chc nng, nhim v, c ch phi hp, quy ch lm vic cha r nn hiu lc, hiu qu hot ng cha cao; nhiu c quan tng s lng lnh o cp ph, k c ni khng hp nht t chc; chc nng i din ch s hu cn trng lp, cha r trch nhim; ci cch hnh chnh c tin b nht nh, nhng nhn chung cha p ng c yu cu; ci cch t php chm, cha ng b. - Vic thc hin chc nng tham mu v thm nh v kinh t -x hi, ni chnh Trung ng v a phng c phn cn bt cp; vic qun l, kim tra, gim st trn mt s lnh vc kinh t, x hi cn lng lo, thm ch cn khng nm chc tnh hnh; nhng kh khn, vng mc chm c tho g. - Ni dung v phng thc lnh o ca cp u v t chc ng i mi chm. Nhiu cp u a phng v c s vn cn tnh trng bao bin, lm thay, hoc c mt li bung lng vai tr lnh o. T chc thc hin v kim tra, thanh tra, gim st vn l khu yu; tnh trng ra nhiu ngh quyt, nhiu vn bn lnh o, ch o nhng vic c th ho thng chm, cn tnh trng chp hnh khng nghim. H thng th ch, quy nh, quy ch tuy c r sot, b sung nhng v cn nhng chng cho. M hnh t chc b my, h thng lut php cha phn nh tht r chnh quyn th v chnh quyn nng thn, cha phn nh ht c im ca chnh quyn th, nht l cc th ln, kinh tvn ho- x hi pht trin nhanh. Vic xc nh chc nng t ch, t chu trch nhim trong sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip v chc nng qun l nh nc,qun l ca ch s hu ca cc b, cc a phng cn nhn thc khc nhau, c nhiu s h, hiu qu thp.

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- T chc, b my ca Mt trn v cc on th cn tnh trng nh nc ho v t chc v kinh ph, hnh chnh ho v phng thc hot ng, cn b on th lm vic gn nh cng chc nh nc, khin cho cng tc ca cc on th thiu s gn b mt thit vi qun chng. Cha c tiu ch r rng phn nh cc loi hnh t chc chnh tr - x hi, x hi - ngh nghip, t chc x hi bn cnh mt s hnh thc t chc t qun ca qun chng, nhiu hi c tnh cht ngh nghip v t thin cng yu cu Nh nc chi tr sinh hot ph, cp kinh ph v phng tin hot ng. - Mc tiu tinh gin bin ch cha t yu cu, t sau i hi ng ton quc ln th IX n nay, bin ch khi ng v on th, hnh chnh, s nghip Nh nc v khi ng, on th vn c xu hng tng ln nhng cht lng cn b vn cha p ng c yu cu. i ng cn b va tha va thiu. o to, bi dng cn b, cng chc tng v s lng, nhng cht lng cn nhiu hn ch, nht l o to, bi dng theo chc danh ca cn b, cng chc. C cu v cht lng i ng cn b, cng chc cn bt cp. Mt b phn cn b, cng chc yu km v tinh thn trch nhim v thi phc v nhn dn. III. S CN THIT PHI I MI, KIN TON T CHC, B MY CA H THNG CHNH TR Ngy nay, khi bc vo thi k y mnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc, yu cu khch quan l phi tip tc y mnh i mi, kin ton t chc, b my ca h thng chnh tr nc ta cho ph hp v ng b vi c ch qun l kinh t - x hi mi, nhm tng cng s lnh o ca ng, tng cng hiu lc, hiu qu hot ng ca Nh nc, tng cng php ch x hi ch ngha, thc hin quyn lm ch ca nhn dn. Trc ht, yu cu xy dng v pht trin nn kinh t th trng nh hng XHCN phi c mt h thng chnh tr ph hp : i mi t chc b my ca h thng chnh tr nc ta phi nhm phc v c hiu qu s lnh o, ch o, qun l v iu hnh thng sut nn kinh t th trng, nh hng x hi ch ngha, thc y pht trin vn ho x hi, an ninh quc phng. Mc tiu l trong thp k ti a nc ta ra khi tnh trng km pht trin, nng cao r rt i sng vt cht v tinh thn ca nhn dn, to nn tng n nm 2020 nc ta c bn tr thnh mt nc cng nghip theo hng hin i. Th hai, i mi t chc b my ca h thng chnh tr nhm khc phc cho c nhng yu km tn ti m ng ta ch ra l t chc b my cn cng knh, nhiu u mi vi nhiu tng nc trung gian, cht lng, hiu qu thp, chc nng, nhim v, thm quyn v trch nhim ca nhiu c quan v ngi ng u cha tht r, c ch vn hnh v nhiu mi quan h cn bt hp
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l, i ng cn b, cng chc cn hn ch c v nng lc chuyn mn v tinh thn trch nhim... T quan liu, lng ph, tham , tham nhng khng gim, c mt cn rt nghim trng; trt t k cng b vi phm. Th ba, cc th lc phn ng v th ch tip tc thc hin nhng m mu v th on thm c chng ph nc ta, c bit l m mu din bin ho bnh bo lon lt nhm xo b ch ngha x hi, xo b vai tr lnh o ca ng. V vy i mi t chc b my ca h thng chnh tr nhm khc phc tnh trng tr tr, nng cao hiu lc, hiu qu hot ng ca t chc ng, b my Nh nc, cc on th chnh tr - x hi; ngn chn nhng t tng v hnh ng sai tri, tiu cc; u tranh lm tht bi mi m mu, hnh ng chng ph ca cc th lc th ch. IV. QUAN IM, MC TIU, NGUYN TC C BN KIN TON T CHC B MY CA H THNG CHNH TR NC TA 1. Quan im - Vic i mi, kin ton t chc b my phi ph hp vi c im ca h thng chnh tr nc ta vn hnh theo c ch ng lnh o, Nh nc qun l, nhn dn lm ch do mt ng duy nht lnh o; ph hp vi c im ca nn kinh t th trng nh hng x hi ch ngha, hi nhp kinh t quc t v xy dng nh nc php quyn x hi ch ngha, gi vng v tng cng vai tr lnh o ca ng. - Kin ton t chc b my phi bo m cc c quan trong h thng chnh tr hot ng c hiu lc, hiu qu, tinh gn, khc phc tnh trng quan liu, trng lp, chng cho v chc nng, nhim v hoc t chc khng ph hp vi chc nng, nhim v. Phn nh r chc nng, nhim v, trch nhim ca mi t chc, bo m hiu lc, hiu qu hot ng ca c h thng chnh tr. - Kin ton t chc b my phi bo m tnh ng b, h thng, bo m s lnh o ca ng trong h thng chnh tr nc ta; va xy dng cc c quan ca ng vng mnh, sc thc hin tt chc nng, nhim v, va pht huy vai tr, trch nhim ca cc t chc ng v ng vin trong cc c quan nh nc, Mt trn t quc, on th chnh tr x hi. - i mi, kin ton t chc b my phi va k tha nhng thnh qu v kinh nghim t c, va p ng yu cu ca tin trnh i mi t nc, hi nhp kinh t quc t. 2. Mc tiu Kin ton t chc, b my ca h thng chnh tr phi thc hin c mc tiu tng qut l:

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Gi vng v tng cng vai tr lnh o ca ng, bn cht cch mng ca Nh nc ta, nng cao hiu lc, hiu qu hot ng ca cc t chc trong h thng chnh tr, m rng v pht huy quyn lm ch ca nhn dn, y mnh s nghip i mi, cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc, tng cng tim lc quc gia, gi vng n nh chnh tr, x hi, cng c mi quan h mt thit gia ng, Nh nc vi nhn dn. Mc tiu, yu cu c th l phi tng bc nng cao cht lng chnh tr v hiu qu hot ng ca mi t chc cng nh ton h thng chnh tr; xc nh r chc nng, nhim v, c cu b my, c ch vn hnh, l li lm vic; nng cao cht lng cn b, tng cng k lut, k cng; c th ho ni dung, phng thc lnh o ca ng, ni dung v phng thc qun l ca Nh nc , ni dung v phng thc hot ng ca Mt trn v cc on th chnh tr - x hi, pht huy quyn lm ch ca nhn dn. 3. Nguyn tc c bn kin ton t chc b my ca h thng chnh tr nc ta Mt l, vic i mi, kin ton t chc b my ca ng v h thng chnh tr phi xut pht t ng li, nhim v chnh tr ca ng trong thi k mi, phc v c hiu qu cho s nghip y mnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc, thc y vic thc hin thng li cc mc tiu, nhim v chnh tr ca ng, Nh nc v cc on th. Hai l, i mi, kin ton t chc, b my ca h thng chnh tr l mt nhim v ln, nng n v phc tp, lin quan n nhiu cp, nhiu ngnh. V vy, phi tin hnh va kin quyt, va thn trng, c bc i thch hp, phi bo m s lnh o, ch o tp trung thng nht ca ng v s qun l iu hnh ca Nh nc. Phi bo m nguyn tc tp trung dn ch trong i mi, kin ton t chc b my ca h thng chnh tr, ng thi bo m cho t chc b my ca h thng chnh tr vn hnh theo nguyn tc tp trung dn ch. Ba l, kin ton h thng t chc ng gn vi ci cch, i mi t chc b my ca cc c quan nh nc v on th chnh tr - x hi. T chc b my ca ng phi ph hp vi iu kin ca mt ng cm quyn, gi vai tr lnh o Nh nc v ton x hi; t chc b my chuyn trch phi tinh gn, c cht lng. Pht huy vai tr ca cc t chc ng v i ng ng vin, cc cp u vin v cn b ch cht hot ng trong cc c quan nh nc v cc on th va l ht nhn lnh o chnh tr ca cc t chc , va lm tham mu cho ng v ch trng, chnh sch i vi nhng lnh vc c lin quan. Xy dng i ng cn b ng theo chc danh, tiu chun quy nh.
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- i mi, kin ton b my ca Nh nc phi bo m tin ti xy dng nh nc php quyn x hi ch ngha thc s ca dn, do dn, v dn, l cng c ch yu thc hin quyn lm ch ca nhn dn; bo m c nguyn tc quyn lc nh nc l thng nht, c s phn cng gia cc c quan nh nc trong vic thc hin cc quyn lp php, hnh php, t php. - Kin ton t chc, i mi phng thc v nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca Quc hi thc hin tt chc nng lp php, quyt nh cc vn quan trng ca t nc, quyt nh v phn b ngn sch nh nc, thc hin quyn gim st ti cao i vi ton b hot ng ca Nh nc. - iu chnh chc nng v ci tin phng thc hot ng ca Chnhph theo hng thng nht qun l v m vic thc hin cc nhim v chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho, x hi, quc phng, an ninh v i ngoi trong c nc bng h thng php lut, chnh sch hon chnh, ng b. - Ci cch t chc v nng cao cht lng hot ng ca cc c quan t php thc hin tt chc nng iu tra, truy t, xt x, thi hnh n, khng xy ra oan sai. - i mi, kin ton t chc b my, nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca Mt trn T quc v cc on th chnh tr - x hi phi bo m tng bc khc phc tnh trng hnh chnh ho, ph trng, hnh thc, quan liu, xa dn; pht huy tt vai tr l c s chnh tr ca chnh quyn nhn dn, gp phn xy dng ng, Nh nc trong sch vng mnh, tp hp khi i on kt ton dn phc v s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc. Bn l, ch o v t chc thc hin i mi, kin ton t chc, b my ca h thng chnh tr phi kt hp cht ch c ba mt: Coi trng cng tc gio dc chnh tr t tng cho cn b, ng vin; - C ch , chnh sch ng n, hp l v ng b bo m thc hin tt ch trng ca ng v i mi, kin ton t chc b my ca h thng chnh tr, tinh gin bin ch, khng gy xo trn v nh hng ln ti t tng v i sng ca cn b, cng chc. - cao k cng, k lut, chp hnh nghim tc ch trng, ngh quyt ca ng v i mi, kin ton t chc b my ca h thng chnh tr. C chnh sch ng vin khen thng nhng ni t chc thc hin tt, ph bnh x l nghim tc nhng ni khng chp hnh hoc hiu qu t chc thc hin km.
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V. GII PHP C BN KIN TON T CHC CA H THNG CHNH TR NC TA Vn kin i hi XI nu yu cu tng qut : Tip tc xc nh r chc nng, nhim v v m hnh t chc ca cc t chc trong h thng chnh tr. Sm tng kt vic thc hin sp nhp mt s ban, b, ngnh Trung ng c ch trng ph hp. Kin ton, nng cao cht lng cc c quan tham mu, i ng cn b lm cng tc tham mu, nht l cp chin lc. 1. i vi cc t chc ng Tng kt nh gi ng thc trng, ra cc gii php cng c v i mi m hnh t chc, phng thc hot ng ca cc t chc ng, nht l ng on, ban cn s ng. Tp trung ch o, cng c nhng t chc ng yu km; kp thi kin ton cp u v tng cng cn b ni c nhiu kh khn, ni b mt on kt. Coi trng i mi v nng cao cht lng sinh hot cp u, t chc ng. Pht huy dn ch trong sinh hot ng, t sinh hot chi b, cc cp u n Ban Chp hnh Trung ng. Chp hnh nghim nguyn tc tp trung dn ch trong t chc, sinh hot ng. 2. i vi Quc hi Tip tc i mi t chc, nng cao cht lng, hiu qu hot ng ca Quc hi nhm thc hin tt chc nng lp php, gim st ti cao v quyt nh nhng vn quan trng ca t nc. Hon thin c ch bu c i biu Quc hi c tri la chn v bu nhng ngi thc s tiu biu vo Quc hi. Nng cao cht lng i biu Quc hi, tng cng hp l s i biu Quc hi hot ng chuyn trch. T chc li mt s u ban ca Quc hi theo hng chuyn su hn. Ci tin, nng cao cht lng i biu hot ng ca Hi ng dn tc, cc U ban ca Quc hi, i biu Quc hi v on i biu Quc hi. i mi quy trnh xy dng lut, tip tc gim vic ban hnh php lnh. Trng tm l tng cng cng tc lp php, xy dng chng trnh di hn v lp php, i mi quy trnh xy dng lut, nng cao cht lng lut, php lnh mi ban hnh. Bo m Quc hi thc hin quyn gim st ti cao i vi ton b hot ng ca Nh nc, lm tt chc nng quyt nh cc vn quan trng ca t nc, quyt nh v phn b ngn sch Nh nchon thin quy ch v vai tr, trch nhim ca i biu Quc hi chuyn trch. Nng cao cht lng hot ng ca Hi ng nhn dn v U ban nhn dn ba cp. Tip tc hon thin c ch ng lnh o Quc hi v Hi ng nhn dn cc cp.
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7. i vi Ch tch nc Nghin cu xc nh r hn quyn hn v trch nhim ca Ch tch nc thc hin tt nhim v, quyn hn nguyn th quc gia theo quy nh ca Hin php, thay mt Nh nc v i ni, i ngoi v thng lnh lc lng v trang; quan h gia Ch tch nc vi cc c quan thc hin quyn lp php, hnh php v t php. 8. i vi Chnh ph v cc c quan hnh chnh nh nc Tip tc i mi t chc v hot ng ca Chnh ph theo hng xy dng nn hnh chnh thng nht, thng sut, trong sch, vng mnh, c hiu lc, hiu qu; t chc tinh gn, hp l, tng cng tnh dn ch v php quyn trong iu hnh ca Chnh ph, p ng yu cu nhim v qun l nh nc trong giai on mi ca nn kinh t th trng nh hng x hi ch ngha v hi nhp kinh t quc t. Xc nh r chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn, trch nhim ca cc b, c quan ngang b. Trng tm l iu chnh lm r v thc hin ng chc nng ca cc c quan qun l Nh nc, khc phc tnh trng b trng hoc trng lp v chc nng, nhim v; ci tin phng thc hot ng ca Chnh ph theo hng thng nht qun l v m vic thc hin cc nhim v chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho, x hi, quc phng, an ninh v i ngoi trong c nc bng h thng php lut, chnh sch hon chnh, ng b. nh r quyn v trch nhim ca ngi ng u cc c quan trc thuc Chnh ph v chnh quyn a phng( quyn quyt nh hnh chnh ca Th tng, b trng, ch tch UBND). nh r chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn ca cc b theo hng b qun l a ngnh, a lnh vc trn phm vi ton quc. Phn cng, phn cp, nng cao tnh ch ng ca chnh quyn a phng, kt hp cht ch qun l ngnh v qun l lnh th. T chc hp l Hi ng nhn dn, kin ton cc c quan chuyn mn ca U ban nhn dn v b my chnh quyn cp x, phng, th trn. Nghin cu t chc, thm quyn ca chnh quyn nng thn, th, hi o. Tip tc thc hin ch trng th im khng t chc hi ng nhn dn mt s qun, huyn, phng. Sm tng kt, ng gi vic thc hin ch trng sp xp cc b, s, ban ngnh qun l a ngnh, a lnh vc c ch trng, gii php ph hp. Tip tc thc hin ci cch th tc hnh chnh v thc hin tt c ch mt ca, gim mnh v bi b cc th tc hnh chnh gy phin h cho t chc v cng dn, coi y l nhim v thng xuyn ca tt c cc c quan hnh chnh nh nc cc cp. Thc hin trit vic tch qun l hnh chnh Nh nc vi qun l sn xut, kinh doanh v qun l hot ng ca t chc s nghip, dch v cng.

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9. i vi cc c quan t php Vn kin i hi XI nu nhim v trng tm : y mnh chin lc ci cch t php n nm 2020, xy dng h thng t php trong sch, vng mnh, bo v cng l, tn trng v bo v quyn con ngi. Hon thin chnh sch, php lut v hnh s, dn s, th tc t tng t php v t chc b my cc c quan t php, bo m tnh khoa hc, ng b, cao tnh c lp, khch quan, tun th php lut ca tng c quan v chc danh t php. i mi h thng t chc to n theo thm quyn xt x, bo m ci cch hot ng xt x l trng tm ca ci cch hot ng t php; m rng thm quyn xt x ca to n i vi cc khiu kin hnh chnh. Vin kim st c t chc ph hp vi h thng t chc to n, bo m cc iu kin vin kim st cc cp nng cao hiu qu hot ng, thc hin tt chc nng cng t v kim st cc hot ng t php, tng cng trch nhim cng t trong hot ng iu tra, gn cng t vi hot ng iu tra, nng cao cht lng tranh tng ti phin to. Sp xp kin ton t chc v hot ng ca c quan iu tra theo hng thu gn u mi; xc nh r hot ng iu tra theo t tng v hot ng trinh st trong u tranh phng chng ti phm. Tip tc i mi v kin ton cc t chc b tr t php. 10. i vi Mt trn T quc v cc on th chnh tr - x hi Kin ton t chc b my ca Mt trn T quc v cc on th chnh tr - x hi nhm nng cao hiu qu hot ng, nng cao cht lng i ng cn b trong mi t chc, ch trng hai cp Trung ng v c s; khc phc tnh trng hnh chnh ho; i mi phng thc hot ng, m bo ng tn ch, mc ch, hng v c s, tp trung cho c s; chm lo mt cch thit thc quyn li chnh ng v hp php ca hi vin, on vin, tham gia phong tro thi ua yu nc, tham gia xy dng ng,chnh quyn v qun l x hi; c th ho c ch dn ch i din, t vn, gim st ca Mt trn v cc on th i vi hot ng ca Nh nc. 11. i mi c ch qun l, nng cao cht lng i ng cn b, cng chc trong cc c quan ng, nh nc, Mt trn T quc v cc on th chnh tr - x hi Vn kin i hi XI nu :

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R sot, b sung hon thin quy ch qun l cn b, cng chc; phn nh r chc nng, nhim v, trch nhim v thm quyn ca mi cn b, cng chc; tng cng tnh cng khai, minh bch trch nhim ca hot ng cng v. Nng cao cht lng i ng cn b, cng chc c v bn lnh chnh tr, phm cht o c, nng lc lnh o. ch o iu hnh, qun l nh nc. Trn c s nh k nh gi v phn loi ng i ng cn b, cng chc, tng cng o to, o to li v kp thi thay th nhng ngi khng hon thnh nhim v. Lp qu o to, bi dng cn b, cng chc trong quy hoch, nht l v chuyn mn, ngoi ng, tin hc, qun l hnh chnh v php lut quc t. Thc hin vic iu ng, lun chuyn cn b; coi trng vic s dng chuyn gia, cn b c phm cht chnh tr tt, gii chuyn mn, c kin thc l lun v kinh nghim thc tin, c nng lc nghin cu, tng kt tng cng cho cc c quan ng. Tip tc r sot, lm r chc nng, nhim v ca mi t chc v xc nh chc danh, tiu chun ca tng cn b, cng chc; trn c s , xc nh li nh mc bin ch, tinh gin bin ch cc b phn trng lp, thc hin giao bin ch theo nh k 5 nm. Tip tc chuyn i c ch qun l bin ch theo hng thc hin hp ng i vi cc cng vic phc v thay cho vic tuyn vo bin ch. Mc bin ch ca tng c quan, n v, cc ngnh v a phng phi da trn c s xc nh ni dung v khi lng cng vic c th v tiu chun cc chc danh, c cu cn b, cng chc hp l. Th im vic khon bin ch v khon chi ph hnh chnh n nh khuyn khch vic gim bin ch v tit kim chi ph hnh chnh cc c quan, n v. Khc phc tnh trng tng bin ch tng thm ngn sch. Thc hin ch thu, khon, hp ng mt s loi dch v trong c quan hnh chnh thay cho vic tuyn ngi vo bin ch. Phn nh r bin ch trong b my hnh chnh vi bin ch trong cc n v s nghip, kinh t, dch v cng; th im vic x hi ho mt s lnh vc dch v, y t, gio dc, khoa hc v hot ng vn ho, th thao i mi ch tin lng, nng cao thu nhp ca nhng ngi lm vic trong cc lnh vc ny gn vi nng cao kt qu v cht lng hot ng. Tip tc thc hin c hiu qu vic thi tuyn cng chc vo c quan ng, nh nc, on th chnh tr - x hi; thi nng ngch cn b, cng chc; ch trng o to v o to li cn b, cng chc, cp nht kin thc mi nhm tip
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tc nng cao cht lng i ng cn b, p ng yu cu ca thi k cng nghip ho, hin i ho. Tng cng cng tc t tng; thc hin tt chnh sch i vi cn b, cng chc trong qu trnh sp xp t chc b my, bo m khng nh hng n i sng v thu nhp ca cn b. Chnh ph ch o sa i, b sung chnh sch v tinh gin bin ch, tip tc i mi chnh sch tin lng, bo him x hi i vi cn b, cng chc ph hp vi yu cu i mi, kin ton v nng cao cht lng hot ng t chc b my cc c quan ng, nh nc, Mt trn T quc v on th chnh tr - x hi. Ban hnh v thc hin tt cc ch , chnh sch i vi cn b, cng chc nht l chnh sch o to, bi dng nng cao trnh chuyn mn, nghip v; ng thi ch trng gii quyt tho ng chnh sch i vi cn b, cng chc di ra trong qu trnh sp xp li, bo m thc hin vic tinh gin b my v bin ch, khng nh hng ln n t tng v i sng ca cn b, cng chc.

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