m- n- mxn .

11 12 1
11 12 1
21 22
2
21 22 2
(

) | | .
1 2
1 2
=| |=( ) = 1,2, , ; = 1, 2, , .
.
,
2-
11 , 12, 21, 22
11 12
(
) 2-, 2- 2- .
21 22
11 12
|
|=11 22 12 21 2- .
21 22
.
2-
+ =
{11 + 12 = 1
21
22
2
11
= |
21

12
1
22 |, = |2

1)

21
11
22 | , = |21

1
2 |,

{
=

11 = 12 1 = 0, 0, 0
21

21

2)
11 = 12 = 1 = 0, = 0, = 0
21

21

, , .
3)
0 , , .
:
4 2
|
| = 4 6 = 2
3 1
+ 2 = 8
{
3 = 3
14
21
1 2
8 2
1 8
= |
| = 7, = |
| = 14, = |
| = 21 = 7 = 2 = 7 = 3
3 1
3 1
3 3
3-

11 , 12, 13,
21 , 22 , 23,
31, 32 , 33
11 12 13
( 21 22 23 ) 3-, 3- 3-
31 32 33
.
11 12 13

| 21 22 23 |=11 22 33 + 12 23 31 + 21 32 31 13 22 31 12 21 33
31 32 33
23 32 11 3-
:

4 3 7
= |1 9 5| = 4 9 2 + 6 5 3 + 0 6 7 9 0 6 = 222
6 0 2
3-
1)
, .
11 12 13
11 21 31
| 21 22 23 | = | 12 22 32 |
31 32 33
13 23 33
2)
, .
11 12 13
12 11 13
| 21 22 23 | = | 22 21 23 |
31 32 33
32 31 33
3)
() = 0 .
4)
()-
.
11 12 13
12 11 13

| 21 22 23 | = | 22 21 23 |
31 32 33
32 31 33
5)
()-
.
6)
()-
.
11 12 13
11 + 12 + 13 +

22
23 | = | 21 22 23 | + | 21 22 23 |
| 21
31 32 33
31
32
33
31 32 33
7)
()-
() .
11 12 13
11 + 21 12 + 22 13 + 23

21
22
23
| 21 22 23 | = |
|
31 32 33
31
32
33

,
.
11 12 13
22 23
( 21 22 23 ) = |
|
32 33
31 32 33
(1)+ .
22 23
= (1)+ |
|
32 33
-
- .
= a11 A11 + a12 A12 + a13 A13
:
4 3 1
= |1 9 5|
3 0 2
A11 = (1)1+1 |

9 5
9
|= |
0 2
0

5
| = 18
2

A12 = (1)1+2 |

1 5
1 5
|= |
| = 13
3 2
3 2

A13 = (1)1+3 |

1 9
1
|= |
3 0
3

9
| = 27
0

= 4 18 + 3 13 + 1(27) = 84
8)
- ()- ()-
.
a21 A11 + a22 A12 + a23 A13 = 0

.

,

.
11
0
= |
.
0

0
22
.
0

. 0
. 0
|
.
.
.

.
1
0
E=|
.
0

0
1
.
0

.
.
.
.

0
0
|
.
1

C=A+B
11
21
A=| .
1

12
22
.
2

11 + 11
21 + 21
C=|
.
1 + 1

.
.
.
.

1
2
. |,

12 + 12
22 + 22
.
2 + 2

11
21
B=|
.
1
.
.
.
.

12
22
.
2

. 1
. 2
|,
.
.
.

1 + 1
2 + 2
|.
.
+

1- ()- 2- ()-
.
4 1
3
C=AB D=BA .
| = |5 3|
0
1 2
24+15+31 21+13+32
16
=|
|=|
44+25+01 41+23+02
26
42+14 41+11 43+10
12
= |5 2 + 3 4 5 1 + 3 2 5 3 + 3 0| = |22
12+24 11+22 13+20
9
=|

2 1
4 2

11
| = 160 286 = 126
10
5 12
11 15| = 27
5
3