1

Chng 7:NGN MCH KHNG I XNG

I. Khi nim chung:
Ngoi ngn mch 3 pha i xng, trong h thng in cn c th xy ra ngn mch khng i xng bao gm cc dng ngn mch 1 pha, ngn mch 2 pha, ngn mch 2 pha chm t. Khi h thng vct dng, p 3 pha khng cn i xng na. i vi my pht, khi trong cun dy stato c dng khng i xng s xut hin t trng p mch, t sinh ra mt lot sng hi bc cao cm ng gia rto v stato: sng bc l stato s cm ng sang rto sng bc chn v ngc li. Bin cc sng ny ph thuc vo s i xng ca rto, rto cng i xng th bin cc sng cng b. Do thc t i vi my pht turbine hi v turbine nc c cc cun cn dc trc v ngang trc, cc sng hi bc cao c bin rt nh, c th b qua v trong tnh ton ngn mch ta ch xt n sng tn s c bn. Tnh ton ngn mch khng i xng mt cch trc tip bng cc h phng trnh vi phn da trn nhng nh lut Kirchoff v Ohm rt phc tp, do ngi ta thng dng phng php thnh phn i xng. Ni dung ca phng php ny l chuyn mt ngn mch khng i xng thnh ngn mch 3 pha i xng gi tng ri dng cc phng php bit gii n.

II. Phng php thnh phn i xng:

Phng php ny da trn nguyn tc Fortesene - Stokvis. Mt h thng 3 vct

Fa , Fb , Fc khng i xng bt k (hnh 7.1) c th phn tch thnh 3 h thng vct

i xng: - H thng vct th t thun : Fa1 , Fb1 , Fc1 - H thng vct th t nghch: Fa 2 , Fb 2 , Fc 2 - H thng vct th t khng : Fa0 , Fb0 , Fc0 Theo iu kin phn tch ta c:
. . . . . . . . .

Fa = Fa1 + Fa 2 + Fa0 Fb = Fb1 + Fb 2 + Fb0 Fc = Fc1 + Fc 2 + Fc0

. . . . . . . .

Hnh 7.1 Dng ton t pha a = ej120 ta c:

. F . a 1 Fb = 1 . Fc 1

. 1 1 F0 . a2 a Fa1 . a a2 Fa2 . 1 1 Fa . 2 a a Fb . a2 a Fc

v ngc li:
. F . 0 1 1 Fa1 = 1 . 3 Fa2 1
. . . .

Khi Fa + Fb + Fc = 3 F0 = 0 th h thng 3 vct l cn bng. H s khng cn bng: b0 = F0/F1 H s khng i xng: b2 = F2/F1 H thng vct th t thun v th th nghch l i xng v cn bng, h thng vct th t khng l i xng v khng cn bng.
Mt vi tnh cht ca cc thnh phn i xng trong h thng in 3 pha:

Trong mch 3 pha - 3 dy, h thng dng in dy l cn bng. Dng i trong t (hay trong dy trung tnh) bng tng hnh hc dng cc pha, do bng 3 ln dng th t khng. H thng in p dy khng c thnh phn th t khng. Gia in p dy v in p pha ca cc thnh phn th t thun v th th U d1 = 3U f 1 ; U d2 = 3U f 2 nghch cng c quan h 3: C th lc c cc thnh phn th t.

III. Cc phng trnh c bn ca thnh phn i xng:

Quan h gia cc i lng dng, p, tng tr ca cc thnh phn i xng cng tun theo nh lut Ohm:
. . . .

U1 = j.I 1 . X 1 U 2 = j. I 2 . X 2 U 0 = j I 0.X 0
trong : X1, X2, X0 - in khng th t thun, nghch v khng ca mch. Khi ngn mch khng i xng ta xem tnh trng mch nh l xp chng ca cc mch tng ng vi cc thnh phn i xng tun theo nhng phng trnh c bn sau:
. .

U N1 = E j I N1 . X 1 . U N 2 = 0 j I N 2 . X 2 . U N 0 = 0 j I N 0 . X 0
trong : UN1, UN2, UN0, IN1, IN2, IN0 - cc thnh phn th t ca dng v p ti im ngn mch. Nhim v tnh ton ngn mch khng i xng l tnh c cc thnh phn i xng t cc phng trnh c bn v iu kin ngn mch, t tm ra cc i lng ton phn.
. . . .

IV. Cc tham s thnh phn th t ca cc phn t:

Tham s ca cc phn t l c trng cho phn ng khi c dng, p qua chng. Do tham s thnh phn th t ca cc phn t l phn ng khi c h thng dng, p th t thun, nghch v khng tc dng ln chng. - Tham s th t thun ca cc phn t l cc tham s trong ch i xng bnh thng bit. - i vi nhng phn t c ngu hp t ng yn nh my bin p, ng dy ... th in khng khng ph thuc vo th t pha, tc l in khng th t thun v th t nghch ging nhau (X2 = X1). i vi nhng phn t c ngu hp t quay th X2 X1. in khng th t khng th ni chung l X0 X2, X1, tr trng hp mch khng c ngu hp t th X0 = X2 = X1.

IV.1. My in ng b:
- in khng th t nghch X2 l phn ng ca my in do dng th t nghch to t trng quay ngc vi vn tc 2 so vi rto. Tr s ca X2 ty thuc i xng ca my in, thng ghi trong l lch my. Trong tnh ton gn ng c th ly: My in khng cun cn: X2 = 1,45xd My in c cun cn: X2 = 1,22xd - in khng th t khng Xo c trng cho t thng tn ca dng th t khng: Xo = (0,15 0,6)xd X1 thay i trong qu trnh ngn mch nhng X2 v Xo nu khng xt n bo ha th c th xem l khng i. Tnh ton gn ng c th ly gi tr trung bnh trong bng 7.1.

Bng 7.1:
LOI MY IN

My pht turbine hi < 200MW My pht turbine hi 200MW My pht turbine nc c cun cn My pht turbine nc khng cun cn My b v ng c ng b c ln

0,15 0,22 0,25 0,45 0,24

X2

0,05 0,05 0,07 0,07 0,08

XO

IV.2. Ph ti tng hp:

Ph ti tng hp ch yu l ng c khng ng b nn c th ly mt ng c khng ng b ng tr thay th cho ton b ph ti tnh ton. - in khng th t nghch X2 ng vi t thng th t nghch c trt (2-s), lc s=1 (tc ng c b hm) th X2 b nht, l trng hp nguy him nht c tnh ton trong thc t: X2 = X2(s=1) = XN trong : XN - in khng ngn mch ca ng c vi X*N = 1/I*mm Tnh ton gn ng ly: X2 = X = 0,35 - Hu ht cc ng c c trung tnh cch in vi t nn khng c dng th t khng i qua chng. Do vy khng cn tm Xo ca cc ng c (tc Xo ).

IV.3. Khng in:

Khng in l phn t ng yn, lin lc v t yu nn: Xo X1 = X2

IV.4. My bin p:
My bin p c X1 = X2, cn Xo ph thuc vo t ni dy. T ni dy ch c th cho dng th th khng chy qun trong cun dy m khng ra ngoi li in. T ni dy Y cho dng th th khng i qua cun dy ch khi trung tnh ni t. Ni Yo / :(hnh 7.2) xo >> xII Xo = xI + xII =X1

Hnh 7.2

Ni Yo / Yo :(hnh 7.3) Xo ty thuc vo ch lm vic ca im trung tnh li in.

Hnh 7.3 Ni Yo / Y :(hnh 7.4) Xo = xI + xo

Hnh 7.4 i vi my bin p 2 cun dy gm 3 my bin p 1 pha hoc i vi my bin p 3 pha 4 tr hay 5 tr th xo = , i vi my bin p 3 pha 3 tr th xo = 0,3 1. i vi my bin p 3 cun dy thng c 1 cun dy ni v vy c th b qua xo Ni Yo / /Y :(hnh 7.5) Xo = xI + xII

Hnh 7.5 Ni Yo / /Yo :(hnh 7.6) Xo ty thuc vo ch lm vic ca im trung tnh li in.

Hnh 7.6

Ni Yo / / :(hnh 7.7)

Xo = xI + (xII // xIII)

Hnh 7.7

IV.5. ng dy:
IV.5.1. ng dy trn khng:
X2 = X1 Xo ph thuc ng i ca dng th th khng, ngha l ph thuc vo s phn b ca chng trong t, trong dy trung tnh, trong nhng mch ni t song song (dy chng st). H cm gia cc pha lm gim X1, X2 nhng lm tng Xo. - i vi ng dy n 3 pha (1 l): Xo > X1 - i vi ng dy kp 3 pha (2 l), Xo ca mt l ln hn in khng th t khng Xo ca ng dy n 3 pha do c h cm gia 2 mch song song: Xo = Xo + XI-IIo trong : XI-IIo - in khng th t khng h cm gia 2 l. in khng tng ng ca 1 pha ng dy kp l: Xo = Xo/2 = (Xo + XI-IIo)/2 - Anh hng ca dy chng st: Dy chng st thng c ni t mi ct to thnh nhng mch vng kn cho dng cm ng i qua khi c dng th t khng trong cc pha (i vi dng th t thun v dng th t nghch khng c cm ng v tng t thng mc vng do chng to nn bng khng). Chnh h cm gia dy chng st v cc pha lm gim Xo ca ng dy, h cm ny ph thuc vo vt liu, s lng v s b tr ca dy chng st. Trong tnh ton gn ng c th ly tr s trung bnh trong bng 7.2. Bng 7.2:
TNH CHT NG DY

ng dy n khng c dy chng st ng dy n c dy chng st bng thp ng dy n c dy chng st dn in tt ng dy kp khng c dy chng st ng dy kp c dy chng st bng thp ng dy kp c dy chng st dn in tt

T S Xo/X1

3,5 3 2 5,5 4,7 3

IV.5.1. ng dy cp:
V cp thng c ni t 2 u v nhiu im trung gian (hp ni cp), do to thnh ng i i vi dng th t khng, v cp c nh hng tng t nh dy chng st ca ng dy trn khng. Gi tr ro, Xo ca dy cp thay i trong phm vi rng. Trong tnh ton gn ng, vi cp 3 li c th xem: ro 10r1 Xo (3,5 4,6)X1

V. S Cc thnh phn th t:
V.1. S th t thun v th t nghch:
S th t thun l s dng tnh ton ch i xng. Ty thuc vo phng php v thi im tnh ton, cc my pht v cc phn t khc c thay th bng sc in ng v in khng tng ng. S th t nghch v s th t thun c cu trc tng t nhau v ng i ca dng th t nghch v dng th t thun l nh nhau. im khc bit ca s th t nghch so vi s th t thun l: - cc ngun sc in ng bng khng. - cc in khng th t nghch khng thay i, khng ph thuc vo dng ngn mch v thi im tnh ton. Ta gi: im u ca s th t thun v th t nghch l im ni tt c cc trung tnh my pht v ph ti, l im c th in bng khng. im cui ca s th t thun v th t nghch l im s c. in p gia im cui v im u ca s th t thun v th t nghch tng ng l in p ngn mch th t thun v th t nghch.

V.2. S th t khng:
ng i ca dng th t khng rt khc vi dng th t thun v th t nghch. S th t khng ph thuc rt nhiu vo cch ni dy ca my bin p v ch ni t im trung tnh ca h thng in. Mun thnh lp s th t khng cn bt u t im ngn mch, coi rng c 3 pha ti im nhp chung v c in p l UNo. S th t khng ch bao gm cc phn t m dng th t khng c th i qua. Tng tr ni t cc im trung tnh cn nhn 3, v s th t khng c lp cho 1 pha trong khi qua tng tr ni t c dng th t khng ca c 3 pha.

VI. Tnh ton cc dng ngn mch c bn:

Qui c: - Coi pha A l pha c bit ( trong iu kin khc 2 pha cn li). - Xt ngn mch ngay ti u nhnh r ca phn t v chiu dng ca dng in l t cc pha n im ngn mch. Theo iu kin phn tch h thng vct khng i xng, ta c:

I. . NA 1 I NB = 1 . I NC 1

. 1 1 I N 0 . a2 a I NA1 . a a2 I NA 2

I. . N 0 1 1 I NA1 = 1 . 3 I NA 2 1

. 1 1 I NA . a a2 I NB . a2 a I NC

v cc phng trnh c bn:

U NA 1 = E A j I NA 1 . X 1 U NA 2 = 0 U N0 = 0
. .

(7.1) (7.2) (7.3)

j I NA 2 . X 2 j I N 0 . X 0
.

VI.1. Ngn mch 2 pha:

Xt ngn mch gia 2 pha B, C (hnh 7.8). iu kin ngn mch l:

I NA I NB
. .

=0 = I NC
. .

(7.4) (7.5)

U NB = U NC (7.6) Thay vo cc phng trnh th t: . . U 1 1 1 U NA N0 . . U NA1 = 1 1 a a2 U NB . 3 . 1 a2 a U NB U NA 2 I. . N 0 1 1 1 1 . 0 I NA1 = 1 a a2 I NB 3 . . 2 I NA 2 1 a a I NB

Hnh 7.8

U NA1 = U NA 2

(7.7)

I N0 = 0 I NA1 = I NA 2
. .

(7.8) (7.9)

Gii cc phng trnh t (7.1) n (7.9) ta c:

EA j I NA1 . X 1 = 0 j I NA 2 . X 2 = 0 + j I NA1 . X 2
Nh vy:
.

I NA 1

EA = j( X 1 + X 2 )

I NB = I NC = j 3 I NA 1 U NA 1 = U NA 2 = j I NA 1 . X 2 U NA = 2 U NA 1
. . . . .

;
.

U N0 = 0
.

U NB = U NC = U NA 1

Hnh 7.9

VI.2. Ngn mch 1 pha:

Xt ngn mch 1 pha pha A (hnh 7.10). iu kin ngn mch l:

I NB I NC
. .

=0 =0

(7.10) (7.11)

U NA = 0 (7.12) Thay vo phng trnh th t dng: I. 1 1 1 I. NA N0 1 . I NA1 = 1 a a2 0 3 . 1 a2 a 0 I NA 2 T phng trnh th t p ta c:

. .

Hnh 7.10

. . . 1. I N 0 = I NA 1 = I NA 2 = I NA 3

(7.13)

U NA = U NA 1 + U NA 2 + U N 0 = 0 V t cc phng trnh c bn (7.1) (7.3) ta c:

EA j I NA 1 ( X 1 + X 2 + X 0 ) = 0
Nh vy:

I NA 1 =

j( X 1

EA + X 2 + X 0 )

10

U N 0 = jX 0 I N 0 = jX 0 I NA 1
. . .

;
.

U NA 2 = jX 2 I NA 2 = -jX 2 I NA 1

U NA 1 = ( U N 0 + U NA 2 ) = j I NA 1 ( X 0 + X 2 ) Dng ti ch ngn mch, cng l dng i qua t I:

I NA = I = 3I NA 1
Ap ti ch ngn mch:

U NB = U N 0 + a2 U NA 1 + aU NA 2 = j[( a2 a) X 2 + ( a2 1) X 0 ] I NA 1 . . X = 3 I NA 1 ( X 2 aX 0 ) = 3 I NA 1 X 2 (1 a 0 ) X 2 U NC = U N 0 + aU NA 1 + a2 U NA 2 = 3 I NA 1 ( X 2 a2X 0 )
. . . . .

= j[( a a2 ) X 2 + ( a 1) X 0 ] I NA 1 . X = 3 I NA 1 X 2 (1 a2 0 ) X 2

Hnh 7.11

VI.3. Ngn mch 2 pha chm t:

Xt ngn mch 2 pha B, C chm t (hnh 7.12). iu kin ngn mch l:

I NA
. .

=0

(7.14) (7.15)

U NB = 0

U NC = 0 (7.16) Thay vo phng trnh th t

p:
. U . N 0 1 1 U NA1 = 1 . 3 U NA 2 1

Hnh 7.12

. 1 1 U NA . . . 1 . a a2 0 U N 0 = U NA1 = U NA 2 = U NA 3 a2 a 0
. . . .

(7.17)

T (7.14) ta c: I NA = I NA 1 + I NA 2 + I N 0 = 0 V t cc phng trnh c bn (7.1) (7.3) ta c:

jX 2 I NA 2 = jX 0 I N 0

11

Nh vy:

I N 0 = I NA 1 (
. .

X 2 ) X 0 + X 2
.

;
.

I NA 2 = I NA 1 (
.

X 0 ) X 0 + X 2

T cc phng trnh c bn v (7.17) ta c:

U NA 1 = EA j I NA 1 X 1 = U N 0 = j I N 0 X 0 = j I NA 1 (
Do : Dng ti ch ngn mch:

X 2 ) X 0 X 0 + X 2

I NA 1 = j( X 1
.

EA X 2 X 0 ) + X 2 + X 0 ;
.

I NB = ( a 2

X 2 + aX 0 . ) I NA 1 X 2 + X 0
. .

I NC = ( a

X 2 + a 2X 0 . ) I NA 1 X 2 + X 0

Dng i qua t I l:
.

I = 3I N 0 = 3I NA 1
.

p ti im ngn mch: U NA = 3U NA 1

X 2 X 0 + X 2 . X 2 X 0 = 3j I NA 1 X 0 + X 2

Hnh 7.13 Bng 7.3: TM TT BIU THC I VI CC DNG NGN MCH

Dng NM Dng p
.

(2)

I NA 1
.

EA = j( X 1 + X 2 )
.

U NA 1 = jX 2 I NA 1
. .

I NA 2 = I NA 1 ;
N
(1)

I N0 = 0

U NA 2 = U NA 1 ; U N 0 = 0

I NA 1 =
.

j( X 1
.

EA + X 2 + X 0 )
.

U NA 1 = j( X 2 + X 0 ) I NA 1 U NA 1 + U NA 2 + U N 0 = 0
. . .

I NA 2 = I N 0 = I NA 1

12

(1,1)

I NA 1 = j( X 1
. .

I NA 1 + I NA 2 + I N 0 = 0

EA X 2 X 0 + ) X 2 + X 0

U NA 1 = j I NA 1 (
. .

X 2 X 0 ) X 0 + X 2
.

U NA 2 = U N 0 = U NA 1

VII. Qui tc ng tr th t thun:

Qua bng 7.3 thy rng cc thnh phn i xng ca dng v p t l vi dng th t thun ch ngn mch, do vy nhim v tnh ton mt dng ngn mch khng i xng bt k trc ht l tm dng th t thun ch ngn mch. tnh ton ngi ta a ra qui tc ng tr th t thun nh sau: Dng th t thun ca mt dng ngn mch khng i xng bt k c tnh nh l dng ngn mch 3 pha mt im xa hn im ngn mch thc s mt in khng ph X(n). Tr s ca X(n) khng ph thuc vo tham s ca s th t thun m ch ph thuc vo X2 v Xo.
. ( n) I NA 1

( n) . ( n) . ( n) U NA 1 = jX . I NA 1 ( n) . ( n) . ( n) I N = m . I NA 1

EA = j( X 1 + X ( n) )

trong , m(n), X(n) ty thuc vo dng ngn mch c tnh theo bng 7.4. Bng 7.4:
Dng NM (n)

3 pha 2 pha 1 pha 2 pha - t

(3) (2) (1) (1,1)

0 X2 X2 + Xo

X(n)

m(n)

1 3 3

X 2 X 0 X 2 + X 0

3 1

X 2 X 0 ( X 2 + X 0 ) 2

Nh vy cc phng php tnh ton, cng thc s dng cho ngn mch 3 pha i xng u c th dng tnh ton thnh phn th t thun ca mt dng ngn mch khng i xng bt k.

VIII. S thay th phc hp:

S thay th phc hp l s trong bao gm cc s th t ni vi nhau tha mn iu kin quan h gia cc thnh phn dng in v in p ti im ngn mch. Dng th t ti im ngn mch hay trong mt phn t no l dng trong s th t tng ng. Ap th t l hiu th gia im ang xt v im u ca s th t tng ng.

13

Ngn mch 2 pha:

U NA 1 = U NA 2 I NA 1 = I NA 2
. .

EA = j( X 1 + X 2 )

Hnh 7.14

Hnh 7.15

Hnh 7.16

Ngn mch 1 pha:

Ngn mch 2 pha - t:

U NA 1 + U NA 2 + U N 0 = 0 I NA 1 = I NA 2 = I N 0 = j( X 1 EA + X 2 + X 0 )
. . . .

U NA 1 = U NA 2 = U N 0 I NA 1 = ( I NA 2 + I N 0 ) = j( X 1 EA X 2 X 0 ) + X 2 + X 0
. . . .

S phc hp rt thun tin khi cn nghin cu cc thnh phn dng v p ti mt phn t hoc mt nhnh no , nht l khi dng m hnh tnh ton, v n cho php o trc tip kt qu ngay trn m hnh.

14

IX. S dng phng php ng cong tnh ton:

Bng qui tc ng tr th t thun ta c th s dng ng cong tnh ton tm dng th t thun ca mt dng ngn mch bt k v t tnh c dng ngn mch.

IX.1. Dng mt bin i:

Lp cc s th t thun, th t nghch, th t khng; tnh X1, X2, Xo ca s i vi im ngn mch tnh ton trong n v tng i vi cc lng c bn Scb, Ucb = Utb. Tnh in khng ph X(n) ty theo dng ngn mch v t tm c in khng tnh ton X*tt:

X * tt = ( X 1 + X ( n) )

Sm Scb

trong : Sm - tng cng sut nh mc ca tt c cc my pht c trong s . Tra ng cong tnh ton ti thi im t cn xt tng ng vi in khng tnh ton X*tt c dng th t thun I(n)*N1t. Tnh dng ngn mch ton phn trong n v c tn:
( I ( n) = m( n) .I * n)1t .I m Nt N

trong : Im - dng nh mc tng tng ng vi cp in p cn tnh dng ngn mch.

IX.2. Dng nhiu bin i:

Lp cc s th t nghch, th t khng tnh X2, Xo ca s i vi im ngn mch trong n v tng i vi cc lng c bn Scb, Ucb = Utb. Tnh in khng ph X(n) ty theo dng ngn mch. Lp s th t thun v t thm in khng ph X(n) vo im ngn mch, xem nh ngn mch 3 pha sau in khng ny. Dng cc php bin i, tch ring tng nhnh i vi im ngn mch gi tng tnh in khng Xi ca tng nhnh. Tnh in khng tnh ton ca tng nhnh:

X * tti = X i

Smi Scb

trong : Smi - tng cng sut nh mc ca cc my pht ghp chung trong nhnh th i. Tra ng cong tnh ton ti thi im t cn xt tng ng vi in khng tnh ton X*tti c dng th t thun I(n)*N1ti ca nhnh th i. Tnh dng ngn mch ton phn trong n v c tn:
( I ( n) = m( n) I * n)1ti .I mi Nt N i =1 k

trong : k - s nhnh tch ring ca s thay th. Imi - dng nh mc tng ca nhnh th i tng ng vi cp in p cn tnh dng ngn mch.

15

MT S IM LU :
- Nu c h thng cng sut v cng ln th phi tch n thnh mt nhnh ring, sau khi thm X(n) dng cc php bin i tnh in khng tng h gia h thng v im ngn mch X*HN v tnh ring dng do h thng cung cp:
) I ( n1H = N

I cb X * HN

) I ( n) = m( n) I ( n1H NH N

- V phng php ng cong tnh ton s dng cch tnh gn ng nn c th xem X2 X1 m khng cn lp s th t nghch. - Do cch im ngn mch gi tng thm mt in khng ph X(n) nn s khc bit gia cc ngun t hn. V vy thng dng 1 hoc 2 bin i chung l m bo chnh xc yu cu, ch tch ring nhng nhnh cn thit.

X. S bin i ca dng v p qua my bin p:

Qua my bin p, dng v p thay i c v tr s ln gc pha. Thng t ni dy ca my bin p c gi theo ch s ca kim ng h:
. .

( U a , U A ) = = 30o . N
trong : N - ch s ca kim ng h. Nh vy c th s dng h s bin i phc:

k1 =
vi k =

UA Ua
.

= k.ej = k.ej 30

.N

UA U = mI l t s bin p khng ti. U a U mII

.

k1 chnh l h s bin i ca in p th t thun v n c xc nh trong ch bnh thng, i xng.

k1 =

U A1 U a1
.

U a1 =

1 k1
.

U A1 =

o 1 . U A1.e j 30 .N k

T ta c biu thc bin i dng th t thun da vo quan h:

. .

hay:

. . . . U A1 . U A1 I A1 = U a1 I a1 I a1 = . I A1 = k1 I A1 U a1 . . . . o I a1 = k1.I A1 = k.I A1.e j 30 .N . .

Dng v p th t thun bin i qua my bin p vi cng mt gc pha nh nhau (hnh 7.17).

16

Hnh 7.17

Hnh 7.18 Tng t, dng v p th t nghch bin i qua my bin p cng vi cng mt gc pha (hnh 7.18) ca h s bin i phc k2 lin hip vi k1.

. o k 2 = k1 = k.e j 30 .N . o 1 . 1 . U a2 = . U A 2 = U A 2.ej 30 .N k k
.

. . o I a2 = k 2.I A 2 = k.I A 2.ej 30 .N

. .

Dng v p th t khng bin i qua my bin p (nu c th c) hoc cng pha hoc lch pha nhau 180o. Xt mt s trng hp sau: - Trng hp my bin p ni Y/Y-12 hay /-12 (tc N=12), cc vct dng v p 2 pha trng pha nhau, ngha l h thng vct xem nh khng lch pha khi bin i qua my bin p. Khi N=6, h thng vct 2 pha ca my bin p s lch nhau 180o. i vi my bin p ni Yo/Yo cn tnh n s bin i ca thnh phn dng v p th t khng. - Trng hp thng dng nht my bin p ni Y/-11, khi bin i t pha Y qua pha th h thng vct th t thun s quay mt gc 30o ngc chiu kim ng h. Mt s lu : - Dng trong cun dy ni ca my bin p c th c thnh phn th t khng, nhng dng dy v p dy khng c thnh phn ny. - Trong h n v tng i th t s bin p k = 1, do h thng vct 2 pha ca my bin p c ln bng nhau, ch khc nhau v gc pha.