THIT K BN T DUY TRONG DY - HC SINH HC 12

Trn Thi Ton - THPT Thnh Sen

Thc t cho thy, vn cn nhiu hc sinh cha bit cch hc, cch ghi kin thc vo b no m ch hc thuc lng, hc vt, thuc mt cch my mc, thuc nhng khng nh c kin thc trng tm, khng nm c s kin ni bt, hoc khng bit lin tng, lin kt cc kin thc c lin quan vi nhau. V vy, vic hng dn HS cch hc, lin h kin thc theo h thng l iu rt cn thit trong qu trnh dy hc. Mt trong nhng phng php dy hc hin nay gip HS c th khc phc c cc tn ti trn l phng php thit k v s dng bn t duy. Bn t duy cn gi l s t duy, lc t duy l hnh thc ghi chp nhm tm ti, o su, m rng mt tng, tm tt nhng chnh ca mt ni dung, h thng ha mt ch bng cch kt hp vic s dng hnh nh, ng nt, mu sc, ch vit c bit y l mt s m, vic thit k s l theo mch t duy ca mi ngi.

Vic ghi chp thng thng theo tng hng ch khin chng ta kh hnh dung tng th vn , dn n hin tng c st , nhm , hn ch t duy logic. Cn bn t duy tp trung rn luyn cch xc nh ch r rng, sau pht trin chnh, ph mt cch logic. Cc bn t duy khng ch cho thy cc thng tin m cn cho thy cu trc tng th ca mt ch v mc quan trng ca nhng phn ring l trong i vi nhau. N gip bn lin kt cc tng v to cc kt ni vi cc khc.

 xy dng bn t duy, gio vin cn phi xc nh c mc tiu ca bi, ca chng nu c ni dung chnh m bo theo chun kin thc k nng, qua hng hc sinh lu trng tm, nh hng c ni dung cn nm c th t h thng li bng s . Trong chng trnh mn sinh hc bc THPT, sinh hc 12 ng gp mt phn rt quan trng, n va tip ni chng trnh sinh hc 11 cng ng thi tng kt chng trnh sinh hc ca bc hc THPT. Theo cu trc thi Tt nghip THPT, i hc, Cao ng ca B GD&T th ni dung thi gn nh nm trong chng trnh Sinh hc 12. Trong qu trnh dy hc Sinh hc 12, ti hng dn HS thit k c 37 bn t duy. Sau y ti xin gii thiu mt s bn t duy m ti xy dng v ng dng trong dy hc sinh hc 12 c hiu qu 1. S m ta mi quan h gia gen va tinh trang:

1 gen

1 tinh trang

Tri hoan toan Tri khng hoan toan ng tri Tng tac b sung Tng tac at ch Tng tac cng gp Gen a hiu

Nhiu gen

1 tinh trang

1 gen

Nhiu tinh trang

2. S cc dng t bin

3. Cc pht hin b sung cho t l ca Menen

4. S cc c trng c bn ca qun th

5. S cc mi quan h dinh dng trong qun x

6. S h sinh thi

Qua thc t dy hc chng ti thy, khi s dng bn t duy, a s hc sinh hng th hn trong qu trnh hc tp, hc sinh thc c tm quan trng ca vic xc nh c ni dung trng tm trong bi hc v trnh by kin thc theo h thng. Qua s t duy hc sinh xc nh c trng tm vn d dng hn, ghi nh kin thc c lu hn v tit kim c nhiu thi gian n tp. Vic s dng phng php thuyt trnh da trn s t duy pht huy c tnh tch cc, ch ng sng to ca hc sinh, rn k nng mnh dn v t tin khi trnh by trc m ng. H Tnh, ngy 10 thng 01 nm 2011 TC GI