COORDINATE GEOMETRY OF TWO DIMENSIONS Hari. KishanPublished by ATLANTIC’ PUBLISHERS & DISTRIBUTORS B-2, Vishal Enclave, Opp. Rajouri Garden, New Delhi-110027 Phones : 25413460, 25429987, 25466842 Sales Office 7/22, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 Phones : 23273880, 23275880, 23280451 Fax : 91-11-23285873 web : www.atlanticbooks.com e-mail : info@atlanticbooks.com Copyright © Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Application for such permission should be addressed to the publisher. Printed in India at Nice Printing Press, Delhi1. Contents Preface Polar Coordinates, Polar Equations of a Straight Line and a Circle 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Polar Coordinates 1.3. Relation Between Cartesian and Polar 1-27 1 1 Coordinates 1.4. Distance Between Two Points 1.5. General Equation of a Line 1.6. Different Forms of Equation of Straight Line 5 1.7. Polar Equation of a Straight Line through Two Given Points 7 1.8. Perpendicular Lines g 1.9. Polar Equation of a Circle 9 1,10. Equation of the Tangent to the Circle ll 1.11. Area ofa Triangle 12 2. Polar Equations of Conics 28-79 2.1. Polar Equation of a Conic 28 2.2. Axis Inclined at an Angle a 30 2.3. Equation to the Directrices 31 2.4. Tracing of the Conic 2.5. Chord Joining Two Points 2.6. Equation of Tangent 46 49 2.7. Asymptotes 0 2.8. Polar 66