12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia 1/ 10 en. wikipedia.

org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging A RCH ER s i mpl i fi ed hyp e rs p e ctral imaging s ens or di agram Hyperspectral imaging From Wi ki pedi a, the free encycl opedi a Hyp e r s p e ctr al im agi n g, l i ke ot h er spect ral i m ag i n g , col l ect s an d processes i n f orm at i on f rom across t h e el ect rom ag n et i c spect ru m . Mu ch as t h e h u m an ey e sees v i si bl e l i g h t i n t h ree ban ds (red, g reen , an d bl u e), spect ral i m ag i n g di v i des t h e spect ru m i n t o m an y m ore ban ds. Th i s t ech n i qu e of di v i di n g i m ag es i n t o ban ds can be ex t en ded bey on d t h e v i si bl e. En g i n eers bu i l d sen sors an d processi n g sy st em s t o prov i de su ch capabi l i t y f or appl i cat i on i n ag ri cu l t u re, m i n eral og y , ph y si cs, an d su rv ei l l an ce. Hy perspect ral sen sors l ook at obj ect s u si n g a v ast port i on of t h e el ect rom ag n et i c spect ru m . Cert ai n obj ect s l eav e u n i qu e 'f i n g erpri n t s' across t h e el ect rom ag n et i c spect ru m . Th ese 'f i n g erpri n t s' are kn own as spect ral si g n at u res an d en abl e i den t i f i cat i on of t h e m at eri al s t h at m ake u p a scan n ed obj ect . For ex am pl e, a spect ral si g n at u re f or oi l h el ps m i n eral og i st s f i n d n ew oi l f i el ds. Contents 1 Acqu i si t i on an d an al y si s 2 Di f f eren t h y perspect ral i m ag i n g t ech n ol og i es

3 Di f f eren ces between h y perspect ral an d m u l t i spect ral i m ag i n g 4 Appl i cat i on s 4.1 Ag ri cu l t u re 4.2 Mi n eral og y 4.3 Su rv ei l l an ce 4.4 Ph y si cs 4.5 Ast ron om y 4.6 Ch em i cal Im ag i n g 4.7 En v i ron m en t 5 Adv an t ag es an d di sadv an t ag es 6 See al so 7 Ref eren ces 8 Ex t ern al l i n ks Acquisition and analysis Hy perspect ral sen sors col l ect i n f orm at i on as a set of 'i m ag es'. Each i m ag e represen t s a ran g e of t h e el ect rom ag n et i c 12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging Two-dimensional projection of a hyperspectral cube spect ru m an d i s al so kn own as a spect ral ban d. Th ese 'i m ag es' are t h en com bi n ed an d f orm a t h ree- di m en si on al h y perspect ral dat a cu be f or processi n g an d an al y si s. Hy perspect ral cu bes are g en erat ed f rom ai rborn e sen sors l i ke t h e NASA's Ai rborne Vi si bl e/ Inf rared Imagi ng Spect romet er (AVIRIS), or f rom sat el l i t es l i ke NASA's Hy peri on .

[1] Howev er, f or m an y dev el opm en t an d v al i dat i on st u di es, h an dh el d sen sors are u sed. [2] Th e preci si on of t h ese sen sors i s t y pi cal l y m easu red i n spect ral resol u t i on , wh i ch i s t h e wi dt h of each ban d of t h e spect ru m t h at i s capt u red. If t h e scan n er det ect s a l arg e n u m ber of f ai rl y n arrow f requ en cy ban ds, i t i s possi bl e t o i den t i f y obj ect s ev en i f t h ey are on l y capt u red i n a h an df u l of pi x el s. Howev er, spat i al resol u t i on i s a f act or i n addi t i on t o spect ral resol u t i on . If t h e pi x el s are t oo l arg e, t h en m u l t i pl e obj ect s are capt u red i n t h e sam e pi x el an d becom e di f f i cu l t t o i den t i f y . If t h e pi x el s are t oo sm al l , t h en t h e en erg y capt u red by each sen sor cel l i s l ow, an d t h e decreased si g n al - t o- n oi se rat i o redu ces t h e rel i abi l i t y of m easu red f eat u res. Mi croMSI, Opt i cks an d En v i are t h ree rem ot e sen si n g appl i cat i on s t h at su pport t h e processi n g an d an al y si s of h y perspect ral dat a. Th e acqu i si t i on an d processi n g of h y perspect ral i m ag es i s al so ref erred t o as i m ag i n g spect roscopy . Dif f erent hyperspectral imaging technologies Th ere are basi cal l y t h ree di f f eren t t ech n i qu es u sed t o real i z e a h y perspect ral i m ag i n g (HSI) dev i ce. A f i rst cl ass of HSI dev i ces i s obt ai n ed by i n t eg rat i n g a di spersi v e m ean s (a pri sm or a g rat i n g ) i n an opt i cal sy st em , wi t h t h e drawback of h av i n g t h e i m ag e an al y z ed per l i n es (pu sh broom scan ) an d som e m ech an i cal part s i n t eg rat ed i n t h e opt i cal t rai n . Th e HSI dev i ces bel on g i n g t o t h e secon d cl ass are based on opt i cal ban d- pass f i l t ers (ei t h er t u n eabl e

or f i x ed) an d t h e spect ru m h as t o be scan n ed i n st eps. Bot h HSI t ech n i qu es l ead t o g ood qu al i t y resu l t s bu t h av e l ow ef f i ci en cy i n t erm of l i g h t g at h eri n g power an d l on g i n t eg rat i on t i m es are n ecessary t o obt ai n a f u l l HSI cu be. A t h i rd m et h od f or HSI t o obt ai n t h e spect ru m of a l i g h t sou rce i s t h e so cal l ed Fou ri er t ran sf orm (FT) spect roscopy ; i n t h i s t ech n i qu e t h e FT i s appl i ed t o t h e i n t erf erog ram acqu i red by a scan n i n g i n t erf erom et er i n order t o cal cu l at e t h e spect ral com posi t i on of t h e l i g h t en t eri n g i n t h e i n t erf erom et er. Th ere are two ef f ect s wh i ch m ake t h i s t y pe of spect rom et ers i n t ri n si cal l y f ast er: Th ere i s n o spect ral scan n i n g an d al l t h e spect ral com pon en t s are acqu i red at t h e sam e t i m e (Fel g et t or m u l t i pl ex adv an t ag e). Th e apert u re u sed i n FTIR spect rom et ers h as a l arg er area t h an t h e sl i t s u sed i n di spersi v e spect rom et ers, t h u s en abl i n g h i g h er t h rou g h pu t of radi at i on (Jacqu i n ot or t h rou g h pu t adv an t ag e). Th ere are two di f f eren t t y pe of i n t erf erom et ers t h at cou l d be i m pl em en t ed: ei t h er t h e Mi ch el son i n t erf erom et er or t h e Fabry - Perot i n t erf erom et er. [3] Dif f erences between hyperspectral and multispectral imaging 12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia 3/ 10 en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging H ypers pec tral and Mul ti s pec tral Di fferenc es . Hy perspect ral i m ag i n g i s part of a cl ass of t ech n i qu es com m on l y ref erred t o as spect ral i m ag i n g or spect ral an al y si s. Hy perspect ral i m ag i n g i s rel at ed t o m u l t i spect ral i m ag i n g . Th e di st i n ct i on

between h y per- an d m u l t i - spect ral i s som et i m es based on an arbi t rary " n u m ber of ban ds" or on t h e t y pe of m easu rem en t , depen di n g on wh at i s appropri at e t o t h e pu rpose. Mu l t i spect ral i m ag i n g deal s wi t h sev eral i m ag es at di scret e an d som ewh at n arrow ban ds. Bei n g " di scret e an d som ewh at n arrow" i s wh at di st i n g u i sh es m u l t i spect ral i n t h e v i si bl e f rom col or ph ot og raph y . A m u l t i spect ral sen sor m ay h av e m an y ban ds cov eri n g t h e spect ru m f rom t h e v i si bl e t o t h e l on g wav e i n f rared. Mu l t i spect ral i m ag es do n ot produ ce t h e " spect ru m " of an obj ect . Lan dsat i s an ex cel l en t ex am pl e. Hy perspect ral deal s wi t h i m ag i n g n arrow spect ral ban ds ov er a con t i n u ou s spect ral ran g e, an d produ ce t h e spect ra of al l pi x el s i n t h e scen e. So a sen sor wi t h on l y 20 ban ds can al so be h y perspect ral wh en i t cov ers t h e ran g e f rom 500 t o 700 n m wi t h 20 ban ds each 10 n m wi de. (Wh i l e a sen sor wi t h 20 di scret e ban ds cov eri n g t h e VIS, NIR, SWIR, MWIR, an d LWIR wou l d be con si dered m u l t i spect ral .) 'Ul t raspect ral ' cou l d be reserv ed f or i n t erf erom et er t y pe i m ag i n g sen sors wi t h a v ery f i n e spect ral resol u t i on . Th ese sen sors of t en h av e (bu t n ot n ecessari l y ) a l ow spat i al resol u t i on of sev eral pi x el s on l y , a rest ri ct i on i m posed by t h e h i g h dat a rat e. Applications Hy perspect ral rem ot e sen si n g i s u sed i n a wi de array of appl i cat i on s. Al t h ou g h ori g i n al l y dev el oped f or m i n i n g an d g eol og y (t h e abi l i t y of h y perspect ral i m ag i n g t o i den t i f y v ari ou s m i n eral s m akes i t i deal f or t h e m i n i n g an d oi l i n du st ri es, wh ere i t can be u sed t o l ook f or ore an d oi l ),

[2][4] i t h as n ow spread i n t o f i el ds as wi despread as ecol og y an d su rv ei l l an ce, as wel l as h i st ori cal m an u scri pt research , su ch as t h e i m ag i n g of t h e Arch i m edes Pal i m psest . Th i s t ech n ol og y i s con t i n u al l y becom i n g m ore av ai l abl e t o t h e pu bl i c. Org an i z at i on s su ch as NASA an d t h e USGS h av e cat al og u es of v ari ou s m i n eral s an d t h ei r spect ral si g n at u res, an d h av e post ed t h em on l i n e t o m ake t h em readi l y av ai l abl e f or research ers. Agriculture Al t h ou g h t h e cost of acqu i ri n g h y perspect ral i m ag es i s t y pi cal l y h i g h , f or speci f i c crops an d i n speci f i c cl i m at es, h y perspect ral rem ot e sen si n g u se i s i n creasi n g f or m on i t ori n g t h e dev el opm en t an d h eal t h of crops. In Au st ral i a, work i s u n der way t o u se i m ag i n g spect rom et ers t o det ect g rape v ari et y an d dev el op an earl y warn i n g sy st em f or di sease ou t breaks. [5] Fu rt h erm ore, work i s u n derway t o u se h y perspect ral dat a t o det ect t h e ch em i cal com posi t i on of pl an t s, [6] wh i ch can be u sed t o det ect t h e n u t ri en t an d wat er st at u s of wh eat i n i rri g at ed sy st em s. [7] An ot h er appl i cat i on i n ag ri cu l t u re i s t h e det ect i on of an i m al prot ei n s i n com pou n d f eeds t o av oi d bov i n e spon g i f orm en ceph al opat h y (BSE), al so kn own as m ad- cow di sease. Di f f eren t st u di es h av e been don e t o propose al t ern at i v e

t ool s t o t h e ref eren ce m et h od of det ect i on , (cl assi cal m i croscopy ). On e of t h e f i rst al t ern at i v es i s n ear i n f rared m i croscopy (NIR), wh i ch com bi n es t h e adv an t ag es of m i croscopy an d NIR. In 2004, t h e f i rst st u dy rel at i n g t h i s probl em wi t h h y perspect ral i m ag i n g was pu bl i sh ed. [8] Hy perspect ral l i brari es t h at are represen t at i v e of t h e di v ersi t y of i n g redi en t s u su al l y presen t i n t h e preparat i on of com pou n d f eeds were con st ru ct ed. Th ese l i brari es can be u sed 12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia 4/ 10 en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging A s et of s tones i s s c anned w i th a Spec i m LWIR-C i mager i n the thermal i nfrared range from 7. 7 m to 12. 4 m. The quartz and fel ds par s pec tra are c l earl y rec ogni zabl e. [9] H ypers pec tral thermal i nfrared emi s s i on meas urement, an outdoor s c an i n w i nter c ondi ti ons , ambi ent temperature -15Crel ati ve radi anc e s pec tra from vari ous targets i n the i mage are s how n w i th arrow s . The i nfrared s pec tra of the di fferent obj ec ts s uc h as the w atc h gl as s have c l earl y di s ti nc ti ve c harac teri s ti c s . The c ontras t l evel i ndi c ates the temperature of the obj ec t. Thi s i mage w as produc ed w i th a Spec i m LWIR hypers pec tral i mager. [9] of i n g redi en t s u su al l y presen t i n t h e preparat i on of com pou n d f eeds were con st ru ct ed. Th ese l i brari es can be u sed

t og et h er wi t h ch em om et ri c t ool s t o i n v est i g at e t h e l i m i t of det ect i on , speci f i ci t y an d reprodu ci bi l i t y of t h e NIR h y perspect ral i m ag i n g m et h od f or t h e det ect i on an d qu an t i f i cat i on of an i m al i n g redi en t s i n f eed. Mineralogy Geol og i cal sam pl es, su ch as dri l l cores, can be rapi dl y m apped f or n earl y al l m i n eral s of com m erci al i n t erest wi t h h y perspect ral i m ag i n g . Fu si on of SWIR an d LWIR spect ral i m ag i n g i s st an dard f or t h e det ect i on of m i n eral s i n t h e f el dspar, si l i ca, cal ci t e, g arn et , an d ol i v i n e g rou ps, as t h ese m i n eral s h av e t h ei r m ost di st i n ct i v e an d st ron g est spect ral si g n at u re i n t h e LWIR reg i on s. [9] Hy perspect ral rem ot e sen si n g of m i n eral s i s wel l dev el oped. Man y m i n eral s can be i den t i f i ed f rom ai rborn e i m ag es, an d t h ei r rel at i on t o t h e presen ce of v al u abl e m i n eral s, su ch as g ol d an d di am on ds, i s wel l u n derst ood. Cu rren t l y , prog ress i s t owards u n derst an di n g t h e rel at i on sh i p between oi l an d g as l eakag es f rom pi pel i n es an d n at u ral wel l s, an d t h ei r ef f ect s on t h e v eg et at i on an d t h e spect ral si g n at u res. Recen t work i n cl u des t h e Ph D di ssert at i on s of Werf f [10] an d Noom en . [11] Surveillance

Hy perspect ral su rv ei l l an ce i s t h e i m pl em en t at i on of h y perspect ral scan n i n g t ech n ol og y f or su rv ei l l an ce pu rposes. Hy perspect ral i m ag i n g i s part i cu l arl y u sef u l i n m i l i t ary su rv ei l l an ce becau se of cou n t erm easu res t h at m i l i t ary en t i t i es n ow t ake t o av oi d ai rborn e su rv ei l l an ce. Aeri al su rv ei l l an ce was u sed by Fren ch sol di ers u si n g t et h ered bal l oon s t o spy on t roop m ov em en t s du ri n g t h e Fren ch Rev ol u t i on ary Wars, [12] an d si n ce t h at t i m e, sol di ers h av e l earn ed n ot on l y t o h i de f rom t h e n aked ey e, bu t al so t o m ask t h ei r h eat si g n at u res t o bl en d i n t o t h e su rrou n di n g s an d av oi d i n f rared scan n i n g . Th e i dea t h at dri v es h y perspect ral su rv ei l l an ce i s t h at h y perspect ral scan n i n g draws i n f orm at i on f rom su ch a l arg e port i on of t h e l i g h t spect ru m t h at an y g i v en obj ect sh ou l d h av e a u n i qu e spect ral si g n at u re i n at l east a f ew of t h e m an y ban ds t h at are scan n ed. Th e SEALs f rom DEVGRU wh o ki l l ed Osam a bi n Laden i n May 2011 u sed t h i s t ech n ol og y wh i l e con du ct i n g t h e rai d (Operat i on Nept u n e's Spear) on Osam a bi n Laden 's com pou n d i n Abbot t abad, Paki st an . [13][1] 12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia

5/ 10 en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging Tradi t i on al l y , com m erci al l y av ai l abl e t h erm al i n f rared h y perspect ral i m ag i n g sy st em s h av e n eeded l i qu i d n i t rog en or h el i u m cool i n g , wh i ch h as m ade t h em i m pract i cal f or m ost su rv ei l l an ce appl i cat i on s. In 2010, Speci m i n t rodu ced a t h erm al i n f rared h y perspect ral cam era t h at can be u sed f or ou t door su rv ei l l an ce an d UAV appl i cat i on s wi t h ou t an ex t ern al l i g h t sou rce su ch as t h e su n or t h e m oon . [14][15] Phys ics Ph y si ci st s u se an el ect ron m i croscopy t ech n i qu e t h at i n v ol v es m i croan al y si s u si n g ei t h er en erg y - di spersi v e X- ray spect roscopy (EDS), el ect ron en erg y l oss spect roscopy (EELS), i n f rared spect roscopy (IR), Ram an spect roscopy , or cat h odol u m i n escen ce (CL) spect roscopy , i n wh i ch t h e en t i re spect ru m m easu red at each poi n t i s recorded. EELS h y perspect ral i m ag i n g i s perf orm ed i n a scan n i n g t ran sm i ssi on el ect ron m i croscope (STEM); EDS an d CL m appi n g can be perf orm ed i n STEM as wel l , or i n a scan n i n g el ect ron m i croscope or el ect ron m i croprobe (al so cal l ed an el ect ron probe m i croan al y z er or EPMA). Of t en , m u l t i pl e t ech n i qu es (EDS, EELS, CL) are u sed si m u l t an eou sl y . In a " n orm al " m appi n g ex peri m en t , an i m ag e of t h e sam pl e i s si m pl y t h e i n t en si t y of a part i cu l ar em i ssi on m apped i n an XY rast er. For ex am pl e, an EDS m ap cou l d be m ade of a st eel sam pl e, i n wh i ch i ron X- ray i n t en si t y i s u sed f or t h e i n t en si t y g ray scal e of t h e i m ag e. Dark areas i n t h e i m ag e wou l d i n di cat e n on - i ron - beari n g i m pu ri t i es. Th i s cou l d pot en t i al l y g i v e m i sl eadi n g resu l t s; i f t h e st eel con t ai n ed t u n g st en i n cl u si on s, f or ex am pl e, t h e h i g h at om i c n u m ber of

t u n g st en cou l d resu l t i n brem sst rah l u n g radi at i on t h at wou l d m ake t h e i ron - f ree areas appear t o be ri ch i n i ron . By h y perspect ral m appi n g , i n st ead, t h e en t i re spect ru m at each m appi n g poi n t i s acqu i red, an d a qu an t i t at i v e an al y si s can be perf orm ed by com pu t er post processi n g of t h e dat a, an d a qu an t i t at i v e m ap of i ron con t en t produ ced. Th i s wou l d sh ow wh i ch areas con t ai n ed n o i ron , despi t e t h e an om al ou s X- ray cou n t s cau sed by brem sst rah l u n g . Becau se EELS core- l oss edg es are sm al l si g n al s on t op of a l arg e backg rou n d, h y perspect ral i m ag i n g al l ows l arg e i m prov em en t s t o t h e qu al i t y of EELS ch em i cal m aps. Si m i l arl y , i n CL m appi n g , sm al l sh i f t s i n t h e peak em i ssi on en erg y cou l d be m apped, wh i ch wou l d g i v e i n f orm at i on reg ardi n g sl i g h t ch em i cal com posi t i on ch an g es or ch an g es i n t h e st ress st at e of a sam pl e. As tronomy In ast ron om y , h y perspect ral i m ag i n g i s u sed t o det erm i n e a spat i al l y - resol v ed spect ral i m ag e. Si n ce a spect ru m i s an i m port an t di ag n ost i c, h av i n g a spect ru m f or each pi x el al l ows m ore sci en ce cases t o be addressed. In ast ron om y , t h i s t ech n i qu e i s com m on l y ref erred t o as i n t eg ral f i el d spect roscopy , an d ex am pl es of t h i s t ech n i qu e i n cl u de FLAMES [16] an d SINFONI [17] on t h e Very Larg e Tel escope, bu t al so t h e Adv an ced CCD Im ag i n g Spect rom et er on Ch an dra X- ray Observ at ory u ses t h i s t ech n i qu e. Chemical Imaging

At war, Ch em i cal Warf are Ag en t s (CWAs) an d Tox i c In du st ri al Com pou n ds (TICs) at t acks are som e of t h e m ost m al i ci ou s t h reat s f or an y f i el d t roops. In f act , sol di ers can be ex posed t o a wi de v ari et y of ch em i cal h az ards bot h on an d of f t h e bat t l ef i el d. Th ese t h reat s are m ost l y i n v i si bl e an d v ery h ard t o det ect . Howev er, t h e h y perspect ral i m ag i n g t ech n ol og y of f ers a u n i qu e st an dof f det ect i on , i den t i f i cat i on an d i m ag i n g capabi l i t y f or su ch ch em i cal warf are ag en t s. Th e Tel ops Hy per- Cam , i n t rodu ced i n 2005, h as dem on st rat ed t h i s capabi l i t y i n m u l t i pl e f i el d CWA- TIC m easu rem en t cam pai g n s. Wi t h i t s st an dof f capabi l i t y , t h e Hy per- Cam en abl es on - t h e- f i el d det ect i on an d i den t i f i cat i on of m u l t i pl e CWAs an d TICs i n v ari ou s en v i ron m en t s, at di st an ces u p t o 5 km an d wi t h con cen t rat i on s as l ow as a f ew ppm . [19] 12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia 6/ 10 en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging Remote c hemi c al i magi ng of a s i mul taneous rel eas e of SF 6 and NH 3 at 1. 5km us i ng the Tel ops H yper-Cam i magi ng s pec trometer [18] con cen t rat i on s as l ow as a f ew ppm . [19] Environment

Most cou n t ri es requ i re con t i n u ou s m on i t ori n g of em i ssi on s produ ced by coal an d oi l - f i red power pl an t s, m u n i ci pal an d h az ardou s wast e i n ci n erat ors, cem en t pl an t s, as wel l as m an y ot h er t y pes of i n du st ri al sou rces. Th i s m on i t ori n g i s u su al l y perf orm ed u si n g ex t ract i v e sam pl i n g sy st em s cou pl ed wi t h i n f rared spect roscopy t ech n i qu es. Som e recen t st an dof f m easu rem en t s perf orm ed al l owed t h e ev al u at i on of t h e ai r qu al i t y bu t n ot m an y rem ot e i n depen den t m et h ods al l ow f or l ow u n cert ai n t y m easu rem en t s. Th e Tel ops Hy per- Cam , an i n f rared h y perspect ral i m ag er, n ow of f ers t h e possi bi l i t y of obt ai n i n g a com pl et e i m ag e of em i ssi on s resu l t i n g f rom i n du st ri al sm okest acks f rom a rem ot e l ocat i on , wi t h ou t an y n eed f or ex t ract i v e sam pl i n g sy st em s. Em i ssi on qu an t i f i cat i on m easu rem en t s h av e been ach i ev ed wi t h t h e Hy per- Cam wh i ch can n ow be u sed t o i n depen den t l y , saf el y an d rapi dl y i den t i f y an d qu an t i f y pol l u t i n g em i ssi on s f rom a rem ot e l ocat i on . [21] Adv antages and disadv antages Th e pri m ary adv an t ag e t o h y perspect ral i m ag i n g i s t h at , becau se an en t i re spect ru m i s acqu i red at each poi n t , t h e operat or n eeds n o pri or kn owl edg e of t h e sam pl e, an d post processi n g al l ows al l av ai l abl e i n f orm at i on f rom t h e dat aset t o be m i n ed. Hy perspect ral i m ag i n g can al so t ake adv an t ag e of t h e spat i al rel at i on sh i ps am on g t h e di f f eren t

spect ra i n a n ei g h bou rh ood, al l owi n g m ore el aborat e spect ral - spat i al m odel s f or a m ore accu rat e seg m en t at i on an d cl assi f i cat i on of t h e i m ag e. [22] Th e pri m ary di sadv an t ag es are cost an d com pl ex i t y . Fast com pu t ers, sen si t i v e det ect ors, an d l arg e dat a st orag e capaci t i es are n eeded f or an al y z i n g h y perspect ral dat a. Si g n i f i can t dat a st orag e capaci t y i s n ecessary si n ce h y perspect ral cu bes are l arg e, m u l t i di m en si on al dat aset s, pot en t i al l y ex ceedi n g h u n dreds of m eg aby t es. Al l of t h ese f act ors g reat l y i n crease t h e cost of acqu i ri n g an d processi n g h y perspect ral dat a. Al so, on e of t h e h u rdl es research ers h av e h ad t o f ace i s f i n di n g way s t o prog ram h y perspect ral sat el l i t es t o sort t h rou g h dat a on t h ei r own an d t ran sm i t on l y t h e m ost i m port an t i m ag es, as bot h t ran sm i ssi on an d st orag e of t h at m u ch dat a cou l d prov e di f f i cu l t an d cost l y . [1] As a rel at i v el y n ew an al y t i cal t ech n i qu e, t h e f u l l pot en t i al of h y perspect ral i m ag i n g h as n ot y et been real i z ed. See also Ai rborn e Real - t i m e Cu ei n g Hy perspect ral En h an ced Recon n ai ssan ce Fu l l spect ral i m ag i n g Mu l t i spect ral i m ag e Met am eri sm (col or), t h e percept u al equ i v al en ce t h at h y perspect ral i m ag i n g ov ercom es Ch em i cal i m ag i n g Rem ot e sen si n g 12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia

7/ 10 en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging Top panel : Contour map of the ti me-averaged s pec tral radi anc e at 2078 c m -1 c orres pondi ng to a CO 2 emi s s i on l i ne. B ottom panel : Contour map of the s pec tral radi anc e at 2580 cm -1 c orres pondi ng to c onti nuum emi s s i on from parti c ul ates i n the pl ume. The trans l uc ent gray rec tangl e i ndi c ates the pos i ti on of the s tac k. The hori zontal l i ne at row 12 betw een c ol umns 64-128 i ndi c ate the pi xel s us ed to es ti mate the bac kground s pec trum. Meas urements made w i th the Tel ops H yper-Cam. [20] Sen sor f u si on ERDAS IMAGINE Li qu i d Cry st al Tu n abl e Fi l t er Ref erences 1. ^ abc Sc hurmer, J . H . , (Dec 2003), A i r Forc e Res earc h Laboratori es Tec hnol ogy H ori zons

2. ^ ab El l i s , J . , (J an 2001) Searching f or oil seeps and oil-impacted soil with hyperspectral imagery (http://www. eomonline. com/Common/currentiss ues/Jan01/ellis. htm) , Earth Obs ervati on Magazi ne. 3. ^ Pi s ani M. and Zuc c o M. " Compact imaging spectrometer combining Fourier transf orm spectroscopy with a Fabry-Perot interf erometer" , (http://www. opticsinf obase. org/v iew_article. cf m? gotourl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. opticsinf obase. org%2FDirectPDFAccess%2FD6CFC8E5-BF7B-C8D9-7D621DAB9C555E56_179426%2Foe-17-10-8319. pdf %3Fda%3D1%26id%3D179426%26se q%3D0%26mobile%3Dno& org=) , Opti c s Expres s , V ol . 17 Is s ue 10, pp. 8319-8331, (2009). 4. ^ Smi th, R. B . (J ul y 14, 2006), Introduction to hyperspectral imaging with TMIPS (http://www. microimages. com/getstart/pdf /hypr spec. pdf ) , Mi c roImages Tutori al Web s i te 5. ^ Lac ar, F. M. , et al . , Use of hyperspectral imagery f or mapping grape v arieties in the

Barossa Valley, South Australia (http://hdl. handle. net/2440/39292) , Geos c i enc e and remote s ens i ng s ympos i um (IGA RSS' 01) - IEEE 2001 Internati onal , vol . 6 2875-2877p. doi : 10. 1109/IGA RSS. 2001. 978191 (http: //dx. doi . org/10. 1109%2FIGA RSS. 2001. 9 78191) 6. ^ Ferw erda, J . G. (2005), Charting the quality of f orage: measuring and mapping the v ariation of chemical components in f oliage with hyperspectral remote sensing (http://www. itc. nl/library/Papers_2005/phd/f er werda. pdf ) , Wageni ngen U ni vers i ty , ITC Di s s ertati on 126, 166p. ISB N 90-8504-209-7 7. ^ Ti l l i ng, A . K . , et al . , (2006) Remote sensing to detect nitrogen and water stress in wheat (http://www. regional. org. au/au/asa/2006/plena 12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia 8/ 10 en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging (http://www. regional. org. au/au/asa/2006/plena ry/technology/4584_tillingak . htm) , The A us tral i an Soc i ety of A gronomy 8. ^ Fernndez Pi erna, J . A . , et al . , ' Combi nati on of Support V ec tor Mac hi nes (SV M) and Near

Infrared (NIR) i magi ng s pec tros c opy for the detec ti on of meat and bone meat (MB M) i n c ompound feeds ' J ournal of Chemometri c s 18 (2004) 341-349 9. ^ abc H ol ma, H . , (May 2011), Thermi s c he H ypers pektral bi l dgebung i m l angw el l i gen Infrarot (http: //w w w . photoni k. de/i ndex. php? i d=11&np=5&arti d=848&L=1) , Photoni k 10. ^ Werff H . (2006), Knowledge based remote sensing of complex objects: recognition of spectral and spatial patterns resulting f rom natural hydrocarbon seepages (http://www. itc. nl/library/papers_2006/phd/v dw erf f . pdf ) , U trec ht U ni vers i ty, ITC Di s s ertati on 131, 138p. ISB N 90-6164-238-8 11. ^ Noomen, M. F. (2007), Hyperspectral ref lectance of v egetation af f ected by underground hydrocarbon gas seepage (http://www. itc. nl/library/papers_2007/phd/noo men. pdf ) , Ens c hede, ITC 151p. ISB N 978-90-8504-671-4. 12. ^ " Fl eurus (Muni c i pal i ty, Provi nc e of H ai naut, B el gi um)" . CRW Fl ags Inc . . Retri eved 2010-04-21 13. ^ Marc A mbi nder (May 3, 2011). " The s ec ret

team that ki l l ed bi n Laden" (http: //nati onal j ournal . c om/w hi tehous e/the-s ec ret-team-that-ki l l ed-bi n-l aden-20110502) . National Journal. http: //nati onal j ournal . c om/w hi tehous e/the-s ec ret-team-that-ki l l ed-bi n-l aden-20110502. Retri eved September 12, 2012. 14. ^ Fros t&Sul l i van, Tec hni c al Ins i ghts , A eros pac e&Defenc e (Feb 2011): Worl d Fi rs t Thermal H ypers pec tral Camera for U nmanned A eri al V ehi c l es (http: //w w w . fros t. c om/prod/s ervl et/s egment-toc . pag?s egi d=D870-00-48-00-00&c txi xpLi nk=Fc mCtx3&c txi xpLabel =Fc mCt x4) 15. ^ Spec i m' s Ow l s ees an i nvi s i bl e obj ec t and i denti fi es i ts materi al s even i n a pi tc h-dark ni ght (http: //w w w . kauppal ehti . fi /5/i /yri tyks et/yri tys u uti s et/?oi d=20110261185) . 16. ^ " FLA MES - Fi bre Large A rray Mul ti El ement Spec trograph" (http: //w w w . es o. org/s c i /fac i l i ti es /paranal /i ns tru ments /fl ames /) . ESO. 12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia 9/ 10 en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging http: //w w w . es o. org/s c i /fac i l i ti es /paranal /i ns tru ments /fl ames /. Retri eved 30 November 2012. 17. ^ " SINFONI - Spec trograph for INtegral Fi el d Obs ervati ons i n the Near Infrared"

(http: //w w w . es o. org/s c i /fac i l i ti es /paranal /i ns tru ments /s i nfoni /) . ESO. http: //w w w . es o. org/s c i /fac i l i ti es /paranal /i ns tru ments /s i nfoni /. Retri eved 30 November 2012. 18. ^ M. Chamberl and, V . Farl ey, A . V al l i res , L. B el humeur, A . V i l l emai re, J . Gi roux et J . Legaul t, " H i gh-Performanc e Fi el d-Portabl e Imagi ng Radi ometri c Spec trometer Tec hnol ogy For H ypers pec tral i magi ng A ppl i c ati ons , " (http: //w w w . tel ops . c om/i ndex. php? opti on=c om_c ontent&vi ew =c ategory&l ayout= bl og&i d=34&Itemi d=68&l ang=en) Proc . SPIE 5994, 59940N, September 2005. 19. ^ Farl ey, V . , Chamberl and, M. , Lagueux, P. , et al . , " Chemi c al agent detec ti on and i denti fi c ati on w i th a hypers pec tral i magi ng i nfrared s ens or, " (http: //l i nk. ai p. org/l i nk/? PSISDG/7486/74860C/1) Proc eedi ngs of SPIE V ol . 6661, 66610L (2007). 20. ^ K evi n C. Gros s , K enneth C B radl ey and Gl en P. Perram, " Remote i ndenti fi c ati on and quanti fi c ati on of i ndus tri al s mokes tac k effl uents vi a i magi ng Fouri er-trans form s pec tros c opy, " (http: //pubs . ac s . org/doi /abs /10. 1021/es 101823z

? prevSearc h=%255B Contri b%253A %2B Gros s % 255D&s earc hH i s toryK ey=) Envi ronmental Sc i Tec h, 44, 9390-9397, Oc t 2010. 21. ^ Trembl ay, P. , Savary, S. , Rol l and, M. , et al . , " Standoff gas i denti fi c ati on and quanti fi c ati on from turbul ent s tac k pl umes w i th an i magi ng Fouri er-trans form s pec trometer, " (http: //w w w . tel ops . c om/i ndex. php? opti on=c om_c ontent&vi ew =c ategory&l ayout= bl og&i d=34&Itemi d=68&l ang=en) Proc eedi ngs of SPIE V ol . 7673, 76730H (2010). 22. ^ A . Pi c on, O. Ghi ta, P. F. Whel an, P. Iri ondo (2009), Spectral and Spatial Feature Integration f or Classif ication of Non-f errous Materials in Hyper-spectral Data (http://doras. dcu. ie/15600/1/whelan8. pdf ) , IEEE TRA NSA CTIONS ON INDU STRIA L INFORMA TICS, V OL. 5, NO. 4, NOV EMB ER 2009 External links 12/ 20/ 12 Hy perspect ral imaging - Wikipedia, t he f ree ency clopedia 10/ 10 en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Hy perspect ral_imaging A Mat l ab Hy perspect ral Tool box (h t t p: / /m at l abh y perspec.sou rcef org e.n et / ) An open - sou rce Py t h on Hy perspect ral Tool box (h t t p: / / h y perspy .org / / )

Ret ri ev ed f rom " h t t p: / / en .wi ki pedi a.org /w/ i n dex .ph p?t i t l e=Hy perspect ral _i m ag i n g &ol di d=525844911" Cat eg ori es: Sat el l i t e m et eorol og y an d rem ot e sen si n g Mat eri al s sci en ce Im ag i n g Rem ot e sen si n g In f rared i m ag i n g Su rv ei l l an ce Spect roscopy In f rared spect roscopy Mi l i t ary el ect ron i cs Nav igation menu Th i s pag e was l ast m odi f i ed on 1 Decem ber 2012 at 11: 38. Tex t i s av ai l abl e u n der t h e Creat i v e Com m on s At t ri bu t i on - Sh areAl i ke Li cen se; addi t i on al t erm s m ay appl y . See Term s of Use f or det ai l s. Wi ki pedi a i s a reg i st ered t radem ark of t h e Wi ki m edi a Fou n dat i on , In c., a n on - prof i t org an i z at i on .