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PHNG PHP QUY I
I. C s l thuyt.
1) Khi quy i hn hp nhiu cht (V d: hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4 .
..) (t 3
cht tr ln) thnh hn hp hai cht ( nh- : Fe, FeO hoc Fe, Fe
2
O
3
hoc.) mt cht ( nh- : Fe
x
O
y

)ta phi bo ton s mol nguyn t v bo ton khi l- ng hn hp.
2) C th quy i hn hp X v bt k cp cht no, thm ch quy i v mt cht. Tuy nhin ta
nn chn cp cht no n gin c t phn ng oxi ho kh nht, n gin trong vic tnh ton.
3) Trong qu trnh tnh ton theo ph- ng php quy i i khi ta gp s m ( nh- s mol m,
khi l- ng m) l do s b tr khi l- ng ca cc cht trong hn hp, trong tr- ng hp ny ta
vn tnh ton bnh th- ng v kt qu cui cng vn tho mn.
4) Khi quy i hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
th Oxit Fe
x
O
y
tm - c ch l oxit gi nh khng
c thc( v d nh- : Fe
15
O
16
, Fe
7
O
8
)
5) Khi quy i hn hp cc cht v nguyn t th tun theo cc b- c nh- sau:
B- c 1: quy i hn hp cc cht v cac nguyn t to thnh hn hp
B- c 2: t n s thch hp cho s mol nguyn t cc nguyn t trong hn hp.
B- c 3: Lp cc ph- ng trnh da vo cc nh lut bo ton khi l- ng, bo ton nguyn t, bo
ton electron.
B- c 4: lp cc ph- ng trnh da vo cc gi thit ca bi ton nu c.
B- c 5: gii cc ph- ng trnh v tnh ton tm ra p n.
6). Mt s bi ton ho hc c th gii nhanh bng ph- ng php bo ton khi l- ng, bo ton
nguyn t, bo ton e song ph- ng php quy i cng tm ra p n rt nhanh, chnh xc v l
ph- ng php t- ng i - u vit, kt qu ng tin cy, c th vn dng vo cc bi tp trc nghim
phn loi hc sinh.
7) Cng thc gii nhanh.
Khi gp bi ton dng st v hn hp st ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh sau: Khi p
dng cng thc ny th chng ta cn chng minh nh v vn dng linh hot trong qu ttrnh
lm cc bi ton trc nghim (cng thc - c chng minh ph- ng php bo ton e).
a. Tr- ng hp 1: tnh khi l- ng st ban u tr- c khi b xi ha thnh m gam hn hp X gm:
Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
.

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hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n
m (1)
10
+
= ,
b. Tr- ng hp 2: tnh khi l- ng m gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
.

Fe e
hh
10.m 56.n
m (2)
7

=
c. Tr- ng hp 3: tnh khi l- ng mui to thnh khi cho m gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3

v Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch HNO
3
nng d- .
3 3 3 3
Fe
Fe(NO ) Fe , Fe(NO )
m
n n ymol m 242.y gam(3)
56
= = = =
d. Tr- ng hp 4: tnh khi l- ng mui to thnh khi cho m gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3

v Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng d- .
2 4 3 2 4 3
Fe
Fe (SO ) Fe , Fe (SO )
m 1
n .n x mol m 400.x gam(4)
2 112
= = = =
II. Cc bi ton c th
1. Bi ton quy i v hn hp 2 cht
Bi ton 1: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn
hp X trong dung dch HNO
3
d- thot ra 0.56 lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m
l:
A. 2.52 gam B. 1.96 gam. C. 3.36 gam. D. 2.10 gam.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht Fe, Fe
2
O
3

Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
0,025mol 0,025mol

NO
0, 56
n 0, 025mol
22, 4
= =

2 3
Fe O
m = 3 - 0,025 .56 = 1,6gam
2 3
Fe(trongFe O )
1, 6
n 0, 02mol
160
= =
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m
Fe
= 56(0,025 + 0,02) = 2,52 gam A ng
Ch : Nu
2 3
Fe(trongFe O )
1, 6
n 0, 01mol
160
= = m
Fe
= 56.(0,035) = 1,96g B sai
Cch 2: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht FeO, Fe
2
O
3

3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
3.0,025 0,025
m
FeO
= 3.0,025 . 72 = 5,4g
Fe(FeO)
5, 4
n 0, 075mol
72
= =

2 3
Fe O
m = 3 - 5,4 = -2,4g

2 3
Fe(Fe O )
2.( 2, 4) 4, 8
n 0, 03mol
160 160

= = =
m
Fe
= 56 .(0,075 + (-0,03)) = 2,52 gam A ng
Ch : + Kt qu m ta vn tnh bnh th- ng v y l ph- ng php quy i
+ Nu
2 3
Fe(Fe O )
n 0, 015mol = m
Fe
= 56.0,06 = 3,36g C sai
Cch 3: Quy hn hp cht rn X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y

3Fe
x
O
y
+ (12x - 2y)HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+(3x-2y)NO + (6x -y)H
2
O

3.0, 025
3x 2y
0,025mol

x y
Fe O
3 3.0, 025
n
56x 16y 3x 2y
= =
+

3 2
Fe O
x 3
m 200
y 2
= =

Fe(oxit )
3.56.3
m 2, 52g
200
= = A ng
Ch : Nu
2 3
Fe O Fe
3.2.56
m 160 m 2,1g
160
= = = D sai
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
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hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.3 56.0, 025.3
m 2,52gam
10 10
+ +
= = =
=> A ng
Bi ton 2: ( Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A- 2008). Cho 11.36 gam hn hp gm Fe,
FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long d- thu - c 1.344 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X sau phn ng - c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 34.36 gam. B. 35.50 gam. C. 49.09 gam D. 38.72 gam.
Bi gii.
Cch 1: Quy i hn hp v hai cht: Fe, Fe
2
O
3

Ho tan hn hp vi HNO
3
long d- 1,344 lt NO
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O (1)
0,06mol 0,6mol 0,06mol
Fe
2
O
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
(2)
0,05 0,1mol

NO
1, 344
n 0, 06mol;
22, 4
= =
T (1) m
Fe
= 56 . 0,06 = 3,36 g
2 3
Fe O
m 11, 36 3, 36 8g = =

2 3
Fe O
8
n 0, 05mol
160
= = m
X
= 242 (0,06 + 0,1) = 38,72g D ng
Cch 2: Quy hn hp v hai cht: FeO, Fe
2
O
3

3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
0,18 0,18mol 0,06
Fe
2
O
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
-0,01 -0,02
m
FeO
= 12,96g;
2 3
Fe O
m 1, 6g =
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3
Fe(NO )3
m 242(0,18 0, 02) 38, 72g = = D ng
Cch 3: Quy hn hp v mt cht Fe
x
O
y

3Fe
x
O
y
+ (12x - 2y)HNO
3
3xFe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x - 2y)NO + (6x-y)H
2
O

3.0, 06
3x 2y

3.x.0, 06
3x 2y
0,06

x y
Fe O
11, 36 0, 06.3
n
56x 16y 3x 2y
= =
+
150x = 160y
x 16
y 15
=

3 3
Fe(NO )
3.16.0, 06
m .242 38, 72g
3.16 2.15
= =

D ng
Cch 4. p dng ph- ng php quy i nguyn t
Ta xem 11.36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
l hn hp ca x mol Fe v y
mol O. Ta c: m
HH
=56x+16y =11,36 (1).
Mt khc qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh- sau
0 3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x
+

0 2
O 2e O
y 2y

5 2
N 3e N
...0,18 0, 06
+ +
+

p dng LBT E ta - c:

e
n 2y 0,18 3x, 3x 2y 0,18 (2) = + = => =
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,16 mol, y=0,15 mol.
3 3 3 3
Fe(NO ) Fe , Fe(NO )
n n x 0,16mol m 0,16.242 38, 72gam = = = => = = , D ng

Cch 5: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.

3 3 3 3
hh e
Fe
Fe( NO ) Fe , Fe( NO )
7.m 56.n 7.11, 36 56.0, 06.3
m 8, 96gam
10 10
8, 96
n n 0,16mol m 0,16.242 38, 72gam
56
+ +
= = =
= = = = =
=> D ng
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Cch 6. Ly cc p n em chia cho khi l- ng mol ca mui l 242 th cc s u l nh- ng ch
c p n D l s khng l l 0,16
Bi ton 3: Nung 8.4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu - c m gam X gm Fe, FeO,
Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4 .
Ho tan m gam hn hp X bng HNO
3
d- , thu - c 2.24 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) l
sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A. 11.2 gam. B. 25.2 gam. C. 43.87 gam D. 6.8 gam.
Bi gii.
- Cch 1: + S dng ph- ng php quy i,
Quy i hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
ho tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
d- ta
c:
Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O:
2
NO
n 0,1mol =
0,1/3 0,1
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe
2
O
3
l:
Fe
8, 4 0,1 0,35
n (mol)
56 3 3
= =
2 3
Fe O Fe
1 0,35
n n
2 2.3
= =
Vy
2 3
X Fe Fe O
0,1 0,35 33, 6
m m m .56 .160 11, 2g
3 6 3
= + = + = =
A ng
Ch :
+ Nu
2 3
Fe O Fe X
0,35 0,35
n n m (56 160) 25, 2g
3 3
= = = + =
B sai
+ Nu
2 3
Fe O Fe X
0,35 0,35
n 2n 2. m (56 320) 43,87g
3 3
= = = + =
C sai
+ Nu khng cn bng pt :
2
Fe NO Fe
8, 4
n n 0,1mol n 0,1 0, 05mol
56
= = = =

m
X
= 0,05 (56 + 80) = 6,8 D sai
Tt nhin m
X
> 8,4 do vy D l p n v l)
- Cch 2: Quy i hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3

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FeO + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,1 0,1

Fe
8, 4
n 0,15mol
56
= =
Ta c:
2
2Fe O 2FeO
0,15mol
0,1 0,1mol
+

2
2 2 3
h X
4Fe 3O 2Fe O
m 0,1.72 0, 025.160 11, 2g
0, 05 0, 025mol
+

= + =
`
)
A ng
Ch : Vn c th quy i hn hp X v hai cht (FeO v Fe
3
O
4
) hoc (Fe v FeO) hoc (Fe v
Fe
3
O
4
) nh- ng vic gii tr nn phc tp hn, c th l ta phi t n s mol mi cht, lp h ph- ng
trnh, gii h ph- ng trnh hai n s).
Cch 3: Quy hn hp X v mt cht Fe
x
O
y
:
Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x - 2y) HNO
3
xFe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x - 2y) NO
2
+ (3x -y) H
2
O

0,1
3x 2y
mol 0,1mol
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t st:
Fe
8, 4 0,1.x x 6
n
56 3x 2y y 7
= = =

Vy cng thc quy i l: Fe
6
O
7
(M = 448) v
6 7
Fe O
0,1
n 0, 025mol
3.6 2.7
= =

m
X
= 0,025 . 448 = 11,2g A ng
Nhn xt: Quy i hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
v hn hp hai cht FeO, Fe
2
O
3
l n
gin nht.
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
hh e Fe e
Fe hh
7.m 56.n 10.m 56.n
m m
10 7
+
= => =
trong m
Fe
l khi l- ng st, m
hh
l khi
l- ng ca hn hp cc cht rn st v xit st, n
e
l s mol e trao i. Cng thc ny - c chng
minh trong cc ph- ng php bo ton e..
Ta c;
Fe e
hh
10.m 56.n 10.8, 4 56.0,1.
m 11, 2gam
7 7

= = =
=>A ng
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Bi ton 4: Nung m gam Fe trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ta thu - c 11,2 gam hn hp
cht rn X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO. Ho tan ht 11,2g hn hp cht rn X vo dung dch
HNO
3
d- thu - c 2,24 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A: 7,28gam B: 5,6gam C: 8,40gam D: 7,40gam
Bi gii:
Cch 1: T- ng t nh- v d 1, i vi cch 1
- Quy v hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:
3 3 3 2 2
Fe 6HNO Fe(NO ) 3NO 3H O
0,1
0,1
3
+ + +

S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe
2
O
3
l:
2 3
Fe Fe O
m 0,1 1 m 0,1
n mol n
56 3 2 56 3
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

Vy m
X
= m
Fe
+
2 3
Fe O
m
0,1 1 m 0,1
11, 2 56. .160
3 2 56 3
| |
= +
|
\ .
m = 8,4 C ng
Cch 2: T- ng t cch 2 quy i hn hp X v FeO v Fe
2
O
3
m = 8,4 g
Cch 3: T- ng t cch 3 quy i hn hp X v Fe
x
O
y
m = 8,4 g
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.11, 2 56.0,1
m 8, 4gam
10 10
+ +
= = =
=> C ng
Bi ton 5: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
trong dung dch HNO
3
c
nng thu - c 4,48 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu - c
145,2gam mui khan, gi tr m l:
A: 78,4g B: 139,2g C: 46,4g D: 46,256g
Bi gii:
p dng ph- ng php quy i: Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht
Cch 1: Quy hn hp X v 2 cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:
Ho tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng d- .
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Ta c: Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
| + 3H
2
O (1)
0,2/3 0,2/3 0,2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
Ta c:
2
NO
4, 48
n 0, 2mol
22, 4
= = ;
3 3
Fe(NO )
145, 2
n n 0, 6mol
242
= = =
mui khan

T pt (2):
2 3 3 3
Fe O Fe(NO )
1 1 0, 2 0,8
n n 0, 6 (mol)
2 2 3 3
| |
= = =
|
\ .


2
2 3
Fe Fe O
h X
0, 2 0,8
m m n .56 .160 46, 4g
3 3
= + = + =
C ng
Nu
2
2 3
Fe Fe O
h X
m m n 0, 66.56 0, 266.160 46, 256g = + = + = D sai
Cch 2: Quy hn hp X v hn hp 2 cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
ta c:
3 3 3 2 2
2 3 3 3 3 2
FeO + 4HNO Fe(NO ) + NO + 2H O (3)
0,2 0,2 0,2
Fe O + 6HNO 2Fe(NO ) +3H O (4)
0,2mol 0,4mol

3 3
Fe(NO )
145, 2
n 0, 6mol
242
= =
, m
X
= 0,2 (72 + 160) = 46,4gam C ng
Ch : + Nu t (4) khng cn bng
2 3
Fe O
n 0, 4mol =
m
X
= 0,2 (72 + 2 . 160) = 78,4 gam A sai
Cch 3: Quy hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
:
Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x -2y) HNO
3
xFe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x - 2y)NO
2
+ (3x - y) H
2
O

0, 2
3x 2y
0,6 0,2
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Fe:
0, 2 0, 6
3x 2y x
=

6y= 8x
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x 3
y 4
= Fe
3
O
4

2
h
0, 2
m .232 46, 4g
3.3 4.2
= =

C ng
Ch : + Nu m
hh
= 0,6 232 = 139,2 g B sai
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
3 3
Fe Fe(NO )
145, 2
n n 0, 6mol
242
= = =
=> m
Fe
= 0,6.56=33,6 gam
Fe e
hh
10.m 56.n 10.33, 6 56.0, 2
m 46, 4gam
7 7

= = =
=> C ng
Bi ton 6: Ho tan hon ton 49.6 gam hh X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4
c,
nng thu - c dung dch Y v 8.96 lt kh SO
2
(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi l- ng ca
oxi trong hn hp X v khi l- ng mui trong dung dch Y ln l- t l:
A. 20.97% v 140 gam. B. 37.50% v 140 gam.
C. 20.97% v 180 gam D.37.50% v 120 gam.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: + Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
ta c:
49,6gam
2 4 2 4 3 2 2
2 3 2 4 2 4 3 2
2FeO 4H SO Fe (SO ) SO 4H O
0, 8 0, 4 0, 4mol
Fe O 3H SO Fe (SO ) 3H O
0, 05 0, 05
+ + +



`
+ +



)

2 3
2 3
Fe O
Fe O
m 49, 6 0, 8.72 8g
8
n 0, 05mol
160
= =
= =

n
oxi (X)
= 0,8 + 3.(-0,05) = 0,65mol

O
0, 65.16.100
%m 20, 97%
49, 6
= =
A v C
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
m [0, 4 ( 0, 05)).400 140gam = + = A ng
Ch : + Nu
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
m (0, 4 0, 05).400 180g = + = C sai
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+ T- ng t quy i v hai cht khc
Cch 2. p dng ph- ng php quy i nguyn t
Ta xem 49,6 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
l hn hp ca x mol Fe v y
mol O. Ta c: m
HH
=56x+16y =49,6 (1).
Mt khc qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh- sau
0 3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x
+

0 2
O 2e O
y 2y

6 4
S 2e S
...0,8 0, 4
+ +
+

p dng LBT E ta - c:

e
n 2y 0,18 3x, 3x 2y 0,8 (2) = + = => =
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,7 mol, y=0,65 mol.
2 4 3
2 4 3
Fe (SO ) Fe
Fe (SO )
0, 65.16 1
%O 100% 20,97%, n n 0,35mol
249, 6 2
m 0,35.400 140gam A dung
= = = =
=> = =

Cch 3: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.

hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.49, 6 56.0, 4.2
m 39, 2gam
10 10
+ +
= = =

49, 6 39, 2
%O .100 20,97%
49, 6

= =

2 4 3 2 4 3
Fe (SO ) Fe Fe (SO )
1 39, 2
n n 0,35mol, m 0,35.400 140gam
2 56.2
= = = = =
=> A ng

Bi ton 7: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3,
cn 0,05 mol H
2
.
Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng th thu
- c th tch V ml SO
2
(ktc). Gi tr V(ml) l:
A.112 ml B. 224 ml C. 336 ml D. 448 ml.
Bi gii:
Cch 1:
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Quy i hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
vi s mol l x, y
Ta c:
0
t
2 2
FeO H Fe H O + + (1)
x x x
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
2Fe + 3H
2
O (2)
y 3y 2y
T (1) v (2) ta c:
x 3y 0, 05 x 0, 02mol
72x 160y 3, 04 y 0, 01mol
+ = =

+ = =


2FeO + 4 H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 4H
2
O (3)
0,02mol 0,01mol
Vy
2
SO
V =0,01 22,4 = 0,224 lt hay 224ml B ng
Ch : Nu (3) khng cn bng:
2
SO
V = 0,02 22,4 = 0,448 lt = 448ml D sai
Cch 2: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
O H O
n n 0, 05mol, m 0, 05.16 0,8gam = = = = m
Fe
= m
xit
m
O
=2,24 gam =>
e 2
10.22, 4 7.3, 04
n 0, 01mol, Vso 0, 01.22, 4 0, 224lit 224ml
56.2

= = = = =
B ng
Bi ton 8: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
vi s mol mi cht l 0.1 mol ho tan
ht vo dung dch Y gm ( HCl, H
2
SO
4
long) d- thu - c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch
Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo dd Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng
v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc ph- ng n no:
A. 50 ml v 6.72 lt B. 100 ml v 2.24 lt.
C. 50 ml v 2.24 lt D. 100 ml v 6.72 lt.
Bi gii:
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4

Hn hp X gm: Fe
3
O
4
mol: Fe(0,2mol) + dung dch Y
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O (1)
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0,2mol 0,2 0,4mol
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
| (2)
0,1 0,1
D
2
Z (Fe
2+
: 0,3mol; Fe
3+
: 0,4mol) + Cu(NO
3
)
2
(3)
2 3
3 2
3Fe NO 4H 3Fe NO 2H O
+ + +
+ + + | + (4)
0,3 0,1 0,1
V
NO
= 0,1 22,4 = 2,24 lt;
3 2
3
Cu(NO )
NO
1
n n 0, 05mol
2

= =

2
3 2
d Cu(NO )
0, 05
n 0, 05
1
= = lt (hay 50ml) C ng
Ch : + Nu
3 2 3 2
3
Cu(NO ) Cu(NO )
NO
n n 0,1mol V 100ml

= = = B sai
+ T (4) nu khng cn bng: V
NO
= 0,3 22,4 = 6,72 lt A sai
2. Quy i nhiu hp cht v cc nguyn t hoc n cht tng ng

Bi ton 1: Nung x mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu trong khng kh mt thi gian thu - c 63,2 gam
hn hp cht rn. Ho tan hon ton hn hp cht rn trn

bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng, d- thu - c
dung dch Y v 6,72 lt kh SO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca x mol l:
A. 0,7 mol B. 0,3 mol C. 0,45 mol D. 0,8 mol
Bi gii.
Xem hn hp cht rn l hn hp ca x mol Fe , 0,15 mol Cu v y mol O.
Ta c: m
HH
=56x + 64.0,15 +16y=63,2
56x+16y=53,6 (1)
Mt khc qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh- sau
0 3 0 2
Fe 3e Fe Cu 2e Cu
x 3x 0,15 0, 3
+ +



0 2
O 2e O
y 2y

6 4
S 2e S
...0, 6 0, 3
+ +
+

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p dng LBT E ta - c:

e
n 3x 0,3 0, 6 2y, 3x 2y 0,3 (2) = + = + => =
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,7 mol, y=0,9 mol. A ng
Bi ton 2. Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeS , FeS
2
, v S bng HNO
3
nng d- thu
- c 9,072 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc, sn phm kh- duy nht ) v dung dch Y. Chia dung
dch Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
d- thu - c 5,825 gam kt ta trng.
Phn 2 tan trong dung dch NaOH d- thu - c kt ta Z, nung Z trong khng kh n
khi l- ng khng i - c a gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca m v a ln l- t l:
A. 5,52 gam v 2,8 gam. B. 3,56 gam v 1,4 gam.
C. 2,32 gam v 1,4 gam D. 3,56 gam v 2,8 gam.

Bi gii.
Xem hn hp cht rn X l hn hp ca x mol Fe u v y mol S.
Qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh- sau
0 3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x x
+

0 6
S 6e S
y 6y y
+



5 4
N 1e N
...0, 405 0, 405mol
+ +
+

p dng LBT E ta - c:

2
e NO
9, 072
n 3x 6y n 0, 405mol, 3x 6y 0, 405 (1)
22, 4
= + = = = => + =

Mt khc trong 1/2 dung dch Y:
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0
2
4
3
3OH t
2
3 3
6
Ba 2
4 4
BaSO
Fe Fe(OH) (Z) Fe O
x x
mol ................................ mol
2 4
S(SO ) BaSO
y y
mol..................... mol
2 2
y 5,825
n 0, 025mol y 0, 05mol
2 233

+
+
+

+
+
= = = => =

Thay vo (1) ta - c x=0,035 mol
m = m
X
=56x+32y=56.0,035+32.0,05=3,56 gam

2 3
Fe O
x 0, 035
a m .160 .160 1, 4gam
4 4
= = = = => B ng
III. Bi tp p dng.
Cu 1. Nung 8,4g Fe trong khng kh , sau phn ng thu - c m gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
,
FeO. Ha tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
d- thu - c 2,24 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) l sn phm kh
duy nht. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,2g B. 10,2g C. 7,2g D. 6,9g
Cu 2. m g Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu - c 11,8 gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
,
FeO. Ha tan hon ton 11,8g X vo dung dch HNO
3
long thu - c 2,24 lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm
kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,02g B. 10,04g C. 15,12g D. 20,16g
Cu 3.(H-C-KB-2007). Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi thu - c 3 g hh cht rn X .Ho tan X trong dd
HNO
3
d- thu - c 0,56 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Ga tri ca m l :
A. 2,22 B. 2,62 C. 2,52 D. 2,32
Cu 4.Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3
long thu - c 672ml kh NO
duy nht (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu - c 50,82g mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 16,08g B. 24,1 C. 12,24g D. kt qu khc
Cu 5. Cho 12g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dd HNO
3
long (d- ), thu - c 2,24
lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X.C cn dd X thu - c m gam mui khan Ga
tr ca m l
A. 43,56g B. 30,60g C. 48,40g D. 50,82g
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Cu 6.(H-C-KA-2008). Cho 11,36 gam hh gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dd HNO
3

long d- , thu - c 1,344lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht ) v dd X. C cn dung dch X thu - c m gam
mui khan. Ga tr ca m l
A. 35,50g B. 34,36g C. 49,09g D. 38,72g
Cu 7. Ha tan hon ton 49,6g hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4
c nng thu - c
dung dch Y v 8,96 lt kh SO
2
(ktc).
a/ Phn trm khi l- ng oxi trong hn hp X l.
A. 40,24% B. 30,7% C. 20,97% D. 37,5%
b/ Khi l- ng mui trong dung dch Y l.
A. 160g B. 140g C. 120g D. 100g
Cu 8. Ha tan hon ton 75,2g hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4
c nng thu - c
dung dch Y v 6,72 lt kh SO
2
(ktc).
a/ Khi l- ng oxi trong hn hp X l
A. 19,2g B. 22,4g C. 10,4g D. 38,4g
b/ Khi l- ng mui trong dung dch Y l.
A. 200g B. 400g C. 89,60g D. 100g
Cu 9. kh hon tan 3,04g hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
th cn 0,05mol H
2
.Nu ha tan ht
3,04g hn hp X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng th thu - c th tch kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht
ktc) l
A. 224ml B. 448ml C. 336ml D. 112ml
Cu 10. a g Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu - c 18 gam cht rn X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
,
Fe
3
O
4
. Ha tan hon ton X bng H
2
SO
4
c nng thu - c 6,72 lt kh SO
2
(duy nht, ktc). Ga tr ca
a l.
A. 15,96g B. 16,0g C. 11,76g D. 19,6g
Cu 11. Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1mol, ha tan ht vo dd Y
gm (HCl v H
2
SO
4 l
long) d- thu - c dd Z. Nh t t dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo dung dch Z cho ti khi
ngng that kh NO. Th tch dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ( ktc) l:
A. 25ml; 1,12 lt B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt C. 50ml; 2,24 lt D. 50ml; 1,12 lt
Cu 12. Ha tan 2,4g hn hp X gm FeS
2
, FeS v S (trong s mol FeS bng s mol S) vo dung dch
H
2
SO
4
c, nng d- . Tnh th SO
2
(ktc) thu - c ?
A. 0,784 lt B. 0,896 lt C. 3,36 lt D. Kt qu khc
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Cu 13. (H-C-KA-2008). ho tan hon ton 2,32g hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO (trong s
mol FeO bng s mol Fe
2
O
3
), cn dng va V lt dd HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,16 B. 0,18 C. 0,23 D. 0,08
Cu 14. Ho tan ht 3,76g hh X gm S, FeS, FeS
2
dng bt trong dd HNO
3
long thu - c 0.48 mol
NO
2
v dd D.Cho dd D tc dng vi dd Ba(NO
3
)
2
d- , lc v nung kt ta n khi l- ng khng i thu
- c m gam hn hp cht rn. Ga tr ca m l :
A. 11,650 B. 12,815 C. 17,545 D. 15,145
Cu 15.(H-C-KA-2008). Cho 9,12g hn hp gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dd HCl d- . Sau khi
cc P xy ra hon ton , - c dd Y, c cn dd Y thu - c 7,62 g FeCl
2
v m gam FeCl
3
. Ga tr ca m l
A. 9,75 B. 8,75 C. 7,80 D. 6,50
Cu 16. Nung 8,96g Fe trong khng kh , sau phn ng thu - c hn hp X gm Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO. Ha
tan ht X cn 0,5mol HNO
3
long ,thu - c V lt kh NO

(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca V
l:
A. 0,224 B. 0.896 C. 0,672 D. 0,448
Cu 17. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3
c nng thu - c 4,48 lt kh
NO
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu - c 145,2g mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 35,7g B. 46,4g C. 15,8g D. 77,7g
Cu 18. Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu - c 24,8g hn hp cht rn X gm Cu, CuO, Cu
2
O.Ho tan
hon ton X trong H
2
SO
4
c nng thu - c 4,48 lt SO
2
(ktc) duy nht. Vy gi tr ca m l
A. 9,6g B. 14,72g C. 21,12g D. 22,4g
Cu 19. Hn hp X gm Mg, MgS, v S.Ho tan hon ton m gam X trong dd HNO
3
c nng thu - c
2,912 lt kh N
2
duy nht (ktc) v dd Y.Thm Ba(OH)
2
d- vo dd Y - c 46,55g kt ta. Ga tr ca m
l
A. 4,8g B. 7,2g C. 9,6g D. 12,0g
Cu 20. (H-C-KA-2008). Hn hp X c t khi so vi H
2
l 21,2 , gm propan,propen,propin. Khi
t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi l- ng ca CO
2
v H
2
O thu - c l
A. 20,40g B. 18,96g C. 16,80g D. 18,60g
Bi 21: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3
thu - c 2.24 lt
kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng - c 96.8 gam mui khan. Gi tr
m l:
A. 55.2 gam. B. 31.2 gam. C. 23.2 gam D. 46.4 gam.
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Bi 22: mt chic kim bng st lu ngy b oxi ha, sau ng- i ta cn - c 8,2 gam st v cc
xit st cho ton b vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng thu - c 4,48 lt kh mu nu duy nht
(ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y thu - c m gam mui khan.
1. khi l- ng chic kim bng st l:
A. 6,86 gam. B. 3,43 gam. C. 2,42 gam D. 6.26 gam
2. gi tr ca m gam mui l:
A. 29,645 gam. B. 29,5724 gam. C. 31,46 gam D. 29,04 gam
Bi 23: cho 12,096 gam Fe nung trong khng kh thu - c m
1
gam cht rn X gm Fe v cc
xit ca n. Cho m
1
gam cht rn X trn vo vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng thu - c 1,792 lt kh
SO
2
duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng m
2
gam cht rn
khan.
1. gi tr ca m
1
l:
A. 14 gam B. 16 gam. C. 18 gam D. 22,6 gam
2. gi tr ca m
2
l:
A. 43,6 gam. B. 43,2 gam. C. 42,0 gam D. 46,8 gam
Bi 24: Sau khi khai thc qung bxit nhm c ln cc tp cht: SiO
2
, Fe, cc oxit ca Fe.
loi b tp cht ng- i ta cho qung vo dung dch NaOH c nng d- thu - c dung dch X v m
gam cht rn khng tan Y. xc nh m gam cht rn khng tan chim bao nhiu phn trmtng
qung ta cho m gam cht rn vo dung dch HNO
3
long d- thu - c 6,72 lt kh NO duy
nht(ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng 121 gam cht rn khan. Gi
tr ca l m
1

A. 32,8 gam B. 34,6 gam. C. 42,6 gam D. 36,8 gam
Bi 25: Nung y mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu - c 16,08 gam hn hp A gm 4 cht
rn gm Fe v cc xit st. ha tan ht l- ng hn hp A trn bng dung dch HNO
3
long d- thu
- c 672 ml kh NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui. Gi tr ca l y:
A. 0.21 mol B. 0,232 mol. C. 0,426 mol D. 36,8 mol
Bi 26: Ha tan m gam hn hp X bn cht rn gm Fe v cc xit st bng dung dch HNO
3
d-
thu - c 4,48 lit kh NO
2
duy nht(ktc) v 145,2 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca l m gam:
A. 44 gam B. 46,4 gam. C. 58 gam D. 22 gam

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