I

[Hari:

Hi Hema, What's new?

has played (has + past participle) =

( , N-?)

[.

Hema: Every thing OK. Thank you. How is

the world with you?

( C. y o?)
Hari: Good so far, Thanks.

(p C.)
Hema: I've (I have) been waiting here for the
bus for the past twenty minutes. It
hasn't turned up. By the way, Where
are you coming from?

( 20 EN-- ] ho. C p ]. -F,

y-\ # h-o?)
turn up = [, [
by the way- topic a--E
Hari: From college. I have been going
round the college for my certificates
for the past three days. They haven't
(have not) made them ready yet. The
clerk hasn't (has not) been attending
college since the college reopened
last week.

([ V- Jd--x -
d A--o. Rx E
-]. ] - J#--p # x\ [ ])
Hema: I understand your trouble.
have been waiting, have
been going, has been attending
verbs
form- have been + ing/
has been + ing.
I, We, You and They
have been+ ing;
He, She, It
has been + ing
form
verb
present perfect continuous
tense
lesson
verb formhave + PP/has + PP - Present Perfect tense)
have been + ing/has been + ing
sentences
have + PP, has + PP

j --

-E- . O
O L- ?

[.

.

(]

J-Eo
J-Q-L-. -- #a
o u- J--

a.

] 3 d 2005

has been playing (has been + ing) =

[-o[.
2(a) She has been working here since

the opening of the office.

verb- has been working = (has been +
ing)

\[
\[ v-G-#--p < \[
EhC.
(p # p ).
2 (b) verb has + pp - E-C E.
for

since

a)

Eo -, Eo V-, o-x
for the past (so many) hours/ days/
years .
b) j #, V #,
-q # since .
(since = #)

( --E= to call; B[= lift)

: x-] \--j x?
(= perhaps)
5) v: -- E h-o[.
Jh -].
v: v-V- - N
x-f-E v-Ao-h-o. - j --].
v: E E- # G@

Prakash: I've (I have) been trying to talk to/

discuss with him something. I
haven't (have not) found the time.
Prasad: This work has been keeping him
busy since saturday. He hasn't
found the time even to see the doctor.
Prakash: What's (What is) his problem?
Prasad: For the past (one) week he has
been having a bad cold and
headache.

-C. d ---E
-E j --].
(j -[ = not find the time;
= even)
v: N u?
v: - -, --p
C.

6) Jayanth: Have you read (gone through)

today's paper?
Jayakar: We haven't received/ got the
paper yet/ so far. Of late we
have been getting the paper
late.
(of late = lately =
Jayanth: Haven't you
(have you not)
complained to
the agent?
Jayakar: I have been
complaining
since sunday.
He
hasn't
cared. Since
M. SURESAN
sunday we've
(have) been getting the paper at
7:30 AM. What's the news in the
paper?
Jayanth: The paper has reported a terrorist
attack in Kashmir
Jayakar: How many have died?
Jayanth: Eight. The terrorists have set fire
the Government Hospital.

p[ ...!

He has worked/ has been working here for

the past 2 years/ since 2003 (2005-

2=2003)
for the past 50 years - since 1955 (200550=1955)

C - -E-.
Shyam: What have you been doing since
this morning?

(]l# h-o? p[ )
Ramu: I have been studying for exam
tomorrow.

( K ]---o p[ )

x 27

Shyam: How many chapters have you covered?

(p Eo dx Jh--?)
Ramu: I have finished nine chapters so far.

(-- NtC dx Jh--)

Shyam: How long have you been using your
scooter?

(y -- F \- -T-h-o?)
Ramu: It has been serving me well for the
last two years. It hasn't given me any
trouble.

Tendulkar has been playing cricket ...

1. a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for
the past fifteen years. (since 1989/1990)
b) Tendulkar has played cricket for the
past fifteen years (since 1989/1990).
2. a) She has been working here since the
opening of the office.
b) She has worked here since the opening
of the office.
1 (b), 2 (b)
1(b)
(for) / 198990
(since)
sentence
verb- has+ PP.
1(a)
1(a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for
the past fifteen years/ since 1989-90
1(a)
verb- has been + playing (has been +
ing).
cricket

n O
[-\ C---x
#
v [ (p).

DEE
a.

DE n [-\ C---x
[--o[ ().
(198990 #)

(-x C ----[-C.
v y-].)
... -E- !
1) have + pp/ has + pp - v #
p J-T - [.
2) have been + ing/ has been + ing -
v # --o -
[.
3) -u so far, for the past, for the last,
since have + pp/has + pp; have been
+ ing/ has been + ing- verb [. O have + pp/has + pp
already (p-), yet (... ])
h-.
C u- English practice .
1) O \[ E h-o?
2) p O Eo E-
?
3) -x ]---o/
-- o (reader [).
4) : a?
N: ]. E --
h-o (wait [).
: y ?
N: - --E -- vAo-h-o. Rxx B].

6)

: V C-?
-: -- ].
]u -u
hC (get [).
: - complain -?
-: C- # complain ho.
F [ d-[ ].
V # [-o-
hC. N x N?
(d-----[ = not care).
: Qtx v-Jd J#
Jd C.
-: -C E----N?
: E-N-C-C. v-y--vAE v-Jd ---d.
(---d[ = set fire)

Answers:
1) How long have you been working here?
2) How many movies have you seen so far
this month?
3) I have been reading/ I have been a reader
of this paper for the past ten years.
4) Ramana: Has Ashok come?
Ravi:
No. I've (have) been waiting for
him for the past half an hour.
Ramana: Have you phoned him?/ Have
you called him?
Ravi:
I have been trying to phone him/
ring him up/ call him for the past
half an hour. No one in his place
has lifted the phone.
Ramana: Perhaps they have all gone
somewhere.
5) Prasad: Phani has been doing that work
for the past half an hour. He hasn't (has not) yet completed it.

]u)

vo: How do you do? n N?

DE - pL?
] v-, K--
: How do you do? ?/-o?/--o?
expression -o- d--]-J J- --p[ . x
J- - 'How do you do?' E -Jh. ] -L x p] How
do you do?. yA # How are you
[.

vo: I have finished my work.

Have I finished my work.

I haven't finished my work.
DE interrogative- have In't finished
my work? C j- ?

. -A, -[-
C
E Jh -? ( EJh ?) n d.
I haven't finished my work C, Have
you finished your work? question
answer d. j u present perfect
continuous tense J# N- C.
[.

'Haven't I finished my work?

[Sukumar: My bike has been giving trouble

since monday. I haven't been able
to find a good mechanic.

(- # j v
hC. # -E -x])
Sudheer: Why don't you try my mechanic?
He has been attending to my bike
for a long time now, and he has
done a good job of it so far.

( -E- ] -[]? j h-[.

p--- [).
Sukumar: I haven't thought of it. Thank you.
Let's take my bike to him.

have + pp/ has + pp --T

v 5 d 2005

]s

1) (-) j LE past actions.

2) p--# p--- (p-[-p[)
--o - (actions from then till
now/ (sometimes) even now;

3) just N --p[ p --
- (actions just completed).
Have been + ing/ has been + ing: p--j vi, --o -.
Ram: How long have you been waiting here?

(y \[ p#
ho?)
Raghu: I have been waiting for you for ten
minutes now.

( N -- -#-]. j \- B-.)

(C EN-- F
ho).
\ situation -E-.

Sudheer: He hasn't opened shop yet. 10 o'

clock will be OK.

Suneel:

]).
jo x (E AJT #a y G).
We have been to Chennai.
(We have gone to Chennai
I, We 'have gone'

])
[. N subjects

x... Rx a?
'I have been waiting for you for the past ten

(-E --]. 10 R J--C).

Sukumar: OK then. I haven't (have not) had
my bath and breakfast yet. I will
be at your place by 9.30.

( o -]. v-d
-]. O 9.30
x h).
Sudheer: OK ()
have + pp/ has + pp, have been + ing/ has
been + ing

- --

.
I
we
you
they

have+pp

He
has+pp
She has been+
ing
It

minutes (for ten minutes now) E J -o[? . p[? #a

y... #a o[ d waiting hx . have been waiting
E -o[.
I have waited for you for ten minutes now ].
\[ have been waiting/ have waited
[ d. [ ]l ].
continue -C
continuity

E
vu yLq h

[-a.

a)

x - x.
They have gone out.

M. SURESAN

b)

Lx-]-v[ j]- x.

My parents have gone to Hyderabad.

\[ -E-.

ux N j-N?
! J 'God
L F 'God bless
E ]?
F ? uEo Tx-
E h. F
L-? uEo Tx-
L?
. P, jy--[
: O ux CN
5) 'God' third person
blesses you'
you'
6)
'Do you know?'

Correct.
1) Will she have played?
2) He never uses pencil
3) What is your native place?
4) At what time does the Bangalore
express reach Bangalore?
5) 'God bless you'
'May God
bless you'
'May'
'God bless you'
6) Don't you (Do you not) konw?

Jh-
Qq.
.

C-
(F

M?)

( E- x I/we went [a.)

sentences English practice .
1) K: O, Eo v Nyx .
\---x?
N: Eo \u d V. Rx-
x.

C u [
x -J x.

a)

They have gone to the US/ They have left

for the US.
b)

ou Mx x[.
My brother has left for/ My brother has
gone to Delhi.

c)

j]-- Rx a.
We have been to Hyderabad.

d)

- Rx--a.
I have been to Bangalore.

Sudha, where have you been?

x 28
/ i Rx--a/Rx-a.
I/ We have been to Mysore.

a) They have gone

Will she has played?

2) He never uses pencil.
He never use pencil.
3) Which is your native place?
What is your native place?
4) At what time does Bangalore
express reach Bangalore?
At what time Bangalore express
reaches Bangalore?

have been + ing/ has

been + ing better.

have been+ing

vo: 1) Will she have played?

(at all =
I went there last saturday.

p--x?)

Rx- -a.
I have been to Mumbai
(I have gone to Mumbai

x x-E .
x AJT ]. x J
a, x---o
a E.
b) My parents have gone to Hyderabad
x j]-- x--J L, j]-- J L E. p[
C [
I have gone to Hyderabad.

Dn j]-- x E
j]-- x JF (on the way to
Hyderabad) , j]-- JF L E
.
E -J p--?
v-- (fellow passenger) -
. j]-- J y I have gone to
Hyderabad E -. \[ J-nA.
j]-- # AJT #a y j]--
Rx--a-E p[. d English C
p--E I have gone to Hyderabad J-]
. We () u.

u-i

I/ We

'have gone' verb ]. ]-

F F \--j Rx #a y
\- x -. E English- 'have
gone' ].
Saritha: Sudha, where have you been?

(, \-[-o -?)
Sudha: I have been to college.

( -- Rx a).
\[ I have gone to college n
hC? -- x (\ o)
E. \ J- x - ].

\[ n, J x
J J# E .
a) Smitha: Do you know Mumbai well?

(F ?)
b) Sridhar: Oh, Yes. I have been there a
number of times.

( . -\ -x x.)
n N subjects
[-a.
Mithun: How familiar is he with Chennai?
familiar=
Mittal: He has been there a number of times.

( jo ?
L [[/ J- [[)

( \- -x x[
- J#
E)
Mithun: Have you ever been to Chennai?

(y-p-j jo x? \[
Have you gone Have you
been [[ #C.)
Mittal: I haven't (have not) been there so
far

.
( \- -- x-].)
'have gone'/ 'has gone'- Rx-- n
v hC. Rx AJ-T--#a J-nA J#
p].
Suneel: I returned from Delhi the day before.
(
)
Sumanth: Why did you go there at all?
When did you go there?

Mx # o AJT a.

( \- ] x?

K: y ]u -- i
--o?
N: ]. -p[ o[.
K: y-p-[- x?
N: -x x. J y?
K: -- x-]. j] x-].
2) : O o---\[?
F: ---x.
: \---x?
F: x v .
: ---C --Rx? (has
been v [)
F: -
Answers:
1) Karim: Ravi, you were not at home yesterday. Where did you go?
Ravi: Yesterday was my sister's birthday.
I went to her place.
Karim: Have you met Jayakumar, of late?
Ravi: No. He is in Mumbai
Karim: Have you ever been to Mumbai?
(ever
Ravi: I have been there a number of
times. What about you?
Karim: I haven't (have not) been there so
far. I haven't been even to
Hyderabad. (even
2) Sumanth: Where's (where is) your father?
Sunil:
He has gone out.
Sumanth: Where did he go?
Sunil:
He went to his friend's.
(friend's=
friend's house
friend's home
friend's
best)
Sumanth: How long has he been out?
Sunil:
He has been out for half an
hour now.

= p-j)

= )

v .
y-].

[Gowtham: Hi Jagadeesh, it's you! How long

have you been here?

(-D, y? -- \[
o? C --J.
u --
xj E-#--p[ -T--a.)
Jagadeesh: I've (have) been here since the
day before. I joined an I-CET
coaching centre here yesterday.

(o # \ o. \[
# -
.)
Gowtham: How long will your course last?

(O q - C?
last = [[)
Jagadeesh: It's a forty day course, so it will
continue for another forty days.

(C j V q. 40
V u -C.)
Gowtham: Shall we meet this evening?

( V v -l?)
Jagadeesh: Certainly. Where shall we meet?

(p-. \[ l?)
Gowtham: I will return home at 5 PM. We will
meet then at my home.

( ] - h.
p[ x l.)

C 7 d 2005

( h -u h. -u.)
Sumeet: I'll (I will) be there till 7.30. Don't
worry.

( 7.30 . vK .)
j -- 'shall be', 'will be'- be forms
d [-Eo .
shall + 1st RDW/will + 1st RDW - shall
come, will go, shall see, will meet -
verbs N-u-h -- .
a) I shall be there tomorrow.

\[ .
b) I shall go (shall + 1st RDW) there tomorrow.
(shall go = action)

\- .
C u- J-Q-L-.
a) x \[ .

They will be here tomorrow.

b)
(action).

I, We shall future [[E, E

-[F #a ] (indefinite).
1. I/We shall be there tomorrow.

(/ \[ /.
[[ (indefinite) #a])
2. I/We shall meet you there.

(/ Eo \[ --/ - #a] J-T --C

].)

\[ will, p[ shall?
x \- h

They will come here tomorrow (will + come

- action)
c)

Sx \[ .
We shall be here again tomorrow.

d)

\- AJ-T-h.

We shall return here tomorrow.

shall be, will beshall + 1st RDW/ will + 1st Regular Doing
Word (RDW) =
(action)

N-u-h [[

N-u-h E--[
shall p[, will p[? N
]-s-N? v-h -E-.

Pradeep: I shall buy a car soon.

( y )
Pratap: When will you buy it?

d I/ We shall h future
#a-E state of being ([-[)-E, E
(action) E -C.
you, he, she, it and they will ,
C- #a-E (indefinite) N-u-h L--hC. [[ , E
.
3. My friends (they) will be here next week.

vq a- \[ .
([[ #a-])
4. She will help you.

F hC
#a-])

(indefinite =

5. You will know it soon.

(p[ ?)
(FC y- -hC

indefinite)

3) -. \[ C
V . -- AJT h.
4) : O-p--h?
y: a- h. (Jh u
practice )
: Jd--q Fo h?
y: Fo B--. u-i- h.
: O vU Jd-- h?
y: C --? (necessary
[)
: a- p[ h?
y: a - h.
Answers:
1) We shall meet again tomorrow.
2) When will you start for college tomorrow?
3) I shall go to Mumbai tomorrow. I shall be
there for 10 days. I shall return by the
month end.
4) Jayanth: When will you come?
Jaswanth: I shall come next week.
Jayanth: Will you bring all the certificates?
Jaswanth: I shall not bring all of them. I
shall bring only the important
ones.
Jayanth: Will you bring the degree certificate?
Jaswanth: Is it necessary/ Will it be necessary?
Jayanth: When will you come next week?
Jaswanth: I shall come next Thursday.

6. It will happen.

(C --C
When will you be free?
Jagadeesh: I will make it then. Bye.

( p- h. j)
j ---E verbs -E-.
have been - -- [-Eo L-hC. (since = -j # )
joined (yesterday) - Past Doing Word - past
action time known

.
Fo L-. -- h

verbs:
1) will last (will + last - 1st Regular Doing
Word)
2) will continue (will + continue - 1st Regular
Doing Word)
3) shall meet (shall + meet - 1st Regular
Doing Word)
4) will return (will + return - 1st Regular Doing
Word)
5) will make (will + make - 1st Regular Doing
Word)
6) will meet (will + meet - 1st Regular Doing
Word)
shall/ will + 1st Regular Doing
Word (I RDW) form
six
forms of verb
V form
(shall be/ will be- 'be' forms.
future

Fo

,
N
.
N [
(N-u-h) [-Eo )

Sumant: Where will you be at 7 this evening?

(v [ \[
?)
Sumeet: I will be at home. (x )
Sumant: I shall be a little late. Please wait for
me.

x 29
Pradeep: Depends. I expect some money
next week. Once I get it, I will buy
it.

(a [s L. C
C .)
Depends = j v- E
N- O] --- - J#
p--p[ It all depends/ depends .
C conversational bit. Practice O - [.
--:
Prameela: Will you help me with a little
money?

( Cl [s h?)
Pramoda: It all depends, I expect some
money tomorrow. If I get it,
I will give it.
(It all depends/ depends
=

p p-.
[s h F-h.
E-y[, -Lq
[sj -- C)
vD ], 'I shall buy' M. SURESAN
E, y 'I will buy' -o[. v '...will
you buy it?' E [---o[ ? C
-E-.
I and we + shall (I, We shall); you, he, she,
it, they + will (you, he, she, it, they will)
#aE N-u-h L--h. Future #a, Eo d
shall, will [.

Indefinite)

7. Kiran (He) will return soon.

Indefinite)

( y- AJ-T--h[

8. Kamala (She) will shop for saris tomorrow.

Indefinite)
Questions
I
and we
will
you, he, she, it and they
shall
Questions
I and we shall; you, he, she, it and
they
will
Preethi: I want to see you about those
books. When shall I see you?

( < C
-u
---p[
E,

E .

-p[

v [.

( h- N- Eo ---o. p[ -?)
Prema: When will you be free?

(F-p[ BJ?)
Preethi: When will you be free? Shall I see
you tomorrow?

(F BJ--p[? Eo ?)
That's OK. ()

Prema:
Preethi: Will the books (they) be with you
tomorrow?

( h- F ]_--?)
Prema: Will your father (he) get new books
this evening?

(O o- h h-
v h?)
j -- questions Eo- I/we
shall; you, he, she, it, they will [
.
p[ C u- English practice
.
1) Sx --.
2) -- p[ ----? (start
for [)

vo: They cut forests- cut V1 N? V2 N-?

u-E passive formForests are cut by them/
were cut by them

Forests

- C

d?
x- [, Lx-x
: They cut forests- \[ 'cut' V1
( past simple). V2 p[ verb ].
p-j V2 (Past Participle) ] 'be'
form F, have, has, had etc F #a--p
verb. ]-sEo d forests are cut, forests
were cut [ d.
vo: -E ing form a[ x C
noun -? verb -? --[ ? walking, eating, giving
verb forms -?
noun forms -?
v , --o
: 'ing' form Jh noun -C. 'ing'
form ] 'be' form verb ]E
] -J L--.
vo: He is Ravi u subject C?
He o, Ravi o !
-], --A--
: He is Ravi u subject he.
Sentence- 'He'E J# C d
subject.

[Pranav: Mom, I will go to the first show today.

(t, V d- -.)
Narmada: You shall finish your home work
first.

(y ] \ JhL.)
Pranav: Tapan, my friend, will be here in a
few minutes. We will finish our
homework together.

( v Cl EN-x \--h[. ]l L \ )
Narmada: Look here, Pranav, You shall see
the next movie only a month later.
I will not allow you to waste your
time.

(Sx y E
N h--[]. Eo xE-y.)

I/We + will

Eg-Eo L--hC.
2) I/We will x--J l-Eo (intention)
L--hC.
a) SriRam: What do you want to Shravan?
Shravan: I will be (will become) a doctor.

( d- / d---
(l) will be/ become
l (intention)).
b) Praneetha: My friend Pratibha will be
here in a few minutes.
Prasanna: We will take her home, then.

( B l (intention))
Praneetha: Later, I will take you and her to
a movie. We will have some
time together.

(y Eo, E-
B--. j L we will have (inten-

Pranav: But if my friends invite?

( vq Lh?)
Narmada: I will tell them they shall not invite.
You shall study well, and get good
marks. Dad and I will allow you to
watch movies only then.

(Eo ]lE x .
y CN # \
a--L. p y E-
[-E , o --Ah.)
j -- verbs o -E. ] lesson
Go I, and We will; you, he, she, it and
they shall a .
-J h--a-.
I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they will
#a--E N-u-h L---h. shall be,
will be N-u-h [-Eo, shall + 1st
Regular Doing Word (1st RDW), will + 1st
RDW N-u-h - Lh.
p[ I/We will; you, he, she, it and they
shall EE L-h l.
1) I/We will x-[--o-x Eg-Eo
L--hC.

tion))
3) I/we
will
(Promise).

#a-x

a) Surekha: Teacher, I have some doubts in

English.

(, Tx- Eo o.)
Teacher: I will clear all your doubts. Don't
worry.

(F --Fo B-h C
teacher's promise)
b) Prasanth: Dad, the course costs Rs.
20,000/- a year.
Dad: Don't you worry son. I will give you

#a- y C
Eg.
--o [
#a ].
a) Teacher: You will get a prize only if you
score more than 90% marks.

(90 o \ \
a- F wj hC).
Ramana:

OK Teacher, I will work hard.

I will do my best to get the
more than 90%

( d- ]--. 90%
o \ a-E vAo-h I will - Eg)
Teacher: Will you and Mohan come to
me tomorrow? I will clear your
doubts.

( y, ]_-J
h? -i
B-h I will - Eg)
b) Rahim: Will you buy that car?

( ?)
Rasheed: I will buy it whatever the price.
I will -

( K-j .
Eg)

c) Teacher: Will you all come for the picnic

on sunday?

(O C- o h?)
Pupils: We will come, teacher.
we will d) Kumar: Won't you see that movie?
Won't you=
will you not)
Peter and John: We will see it, of course.

(h

Eg)

( E [?

(#a-
h.
])

7) Ng: -x x.
y: -J v x.
Ng: vt x?
y: [-x
x[.
8) vA: y ? (won't
you [.)
AX: y x p[ ?
vA: x .
AX: J- .

tomorrow?
Prasanthi: I am/ shall be at home all the
day tomorrow.
Santhisri: But I shall go to Guntur tomorrow.
Prasanthi: When will be back?/ When will
you return?
Santhisri: I shall go to Chennai in a week
and from there return.
Prasanthi: I shall buy a cell phone tomorrow.
Santhisri: Will you be in touch with me

y...!

I will buy a car soon.

I shall buy a car soon.

9 d 2005

x 30
all the money you want. Just study
well and come out with success.
I will
give; I
will - promise -

(F Lq- [s Eh

y[)

c) Vijay: I want to contest in the coming

municipal elections.

(a Eq- Eo-x -----o.)

from tomorrow ?

vA: Sx p--h?
AX: y jo Rx \ #
AJT h.
vA: - .
AX: #
?
9) : , -?
: , -...
y o?
: o.
G-
?
: Eg---].
:
. Eo M. SURESAN
-d-u- .
: o V- x
. h-o.
#a y Eg B.

(. Eo d h
We will support - promise)

4) We will meet the CM tomorrow.

3) I will give you whatever book you want.

5) We will not allow such things.
6) Bharat:

( N-- h Eg)
([s h
C u English practice .
1) #a- jo .
2) x \- Ey.
3) F h -Lq h.
4) p- - h.
5) N --Ey (such things,
allow [).
6) : E-p[ x?
_: \ -?
: -- -.
_: O vq p--h?
: x o- y ?

Tarun: Fine. Have you joined MBA?

Varun: I haven't (have not) decided yet.
Tarun: I have joined MCA. I joined the
institute yesterday.
Varun: My father has been out of town for
the past four days. I am waiting for
him. Decision is possible only after
he comes back.

vo: a) The meeting will be held on tomorrow evening

sentence tense
]-C? tense voice
N?
b) Definite article 'the'E \[ -T-L. The French, The whip E
-a?
.. v, N--o

1) I will go to Chennai tomorrow.

2) We will not let them come here.

Vinai and Vikram: We will help you with

money also.
Promise)

Varun: Fine. Thank you. How are you?

Answers:

Vinai and Vikram: Go ahead. We will support you.

Vijay: I will file my nomination then.

9) Tarun: Hi Varun, How are you?

Shall I go now?

Bhargav: Where will you go?

Bharat:

To college

Bhargav: When will your friends come?

Bharat:

Won't you (will you not) join us

for the picnic tomorrow?

7) Vishnu: I have been to Mumbai quite a

number of times.
Eshwar: I have been there too; just once.
Vishnu: Has Brahmam too been to
Mumbai?
Eshwar: He has been to Mumbai just
once or twice.
8 )Prasanthi : Won't you come home to
me?/ Won't you come to our
place?
Santhisri: When will you be at home

a) 'will be held tomorrow evening'

verb(on tomorrow evening
will be held.
Tense: future simple/ indefinite.
Voice: passive.
b) The French
French
french
'The'

J-]). \[

vq -n.
.
[ h N- y hC.
vo: Eo curd ? curds
?
. -, y-
: 'Curd', 'curds' [ d.
curd y singular verb, curds y plural verb L. The curd is tasty.

The curds are tasty.

vo: 'Obey the parents' u-E

sive

pas-

N?

. , y-
Let the parents be obeyed.
sentences passive

C.

'-

[Sumathi: Hi, Vimala, well met. When shall

we sit to plan our holiday?

( N! ---[
#-jC. M x --E
p[ a?)
Holiday = n .
n \j - Rx
V E.

You, he, she, it and they

will Indefinite
future.
you, he, she, it and
they shall

(#a--E)
p[ j --

]-s
] #a --
1) #a- future -----o N.
a) It shall be this evening.

Vimala: Why not this evening? I shall be

away from tomorrow onwards.

v C #a- -C/--C, -L/--yL.

b) She shall come.

( v ] a-[]?
# G@ .)
why not = ] []?

p- h-[/--L.
d) They shall not.

( V v
a. - y \[
L.)

x -[]/
e) You shall be here.

Ny-\[ L.

Vimala: What about Sudhakar, Your cousin?

(O > - -?)
Sumathi: He shall join us too.

Officer: You shall be here till 7 in the

evening.

(F, u [ ?)

d O ]-J- \--
C. x d
L. ]--E-x p-E-

(y \[ v --
L c)

Sumathi: Why they? They shall not. I don't

like them.

Manoj: Why so long, Sir?

(x-]? x -[]. d ])
-- you, he, she, it and they
shall [ -E-.

Officer: You shall finish all this work and then

only go.

(- ]-?)

x 31

(y E Jh xL.)
(v- L.)

(-
d-[]. M. SURESAN
- - Ny-\[ -Lq.)

y Jh L (c

y d--[] (c

E [ -d C
j J-T-x E--#C).

ii) They appear to have killed the tiger.

(Tiger
-past

E--C-- x E
x p[ E-h-o.)

iii) I like to have gone with them.

(x Rx [--E d[o x Rx--.

p[ x-[o.)

( -E
C)
c) To \ be F being [- p].
i) I like to be here for sometime.

( \[
-o.)

ii) I object to being treated as a

stranger.

(o h [E
u- --o.)

vo: O x --
I was there exactly at 6
when the function began
'I had been there exactly at 6 when the function began'

#a

uEo

E -a?

command)

command)
c) You shall not go on leave.
command)
d) You shall stay.

(N sC --?)

to have gone, to have killed, to have

done etc.
i) He seems to have done it.
(
(past

She likes to have sung

Ny-\[ L (c
b) You shall finish.

Officer: They shall stay too. They shall not

apply for leave either, till Monday. My

N?
\ being be
E n N?
. y--,
: a) Infinitives J# -] #a x N-J C
[.
b) to have + V3 - V3 past participle. To have + V3 ---:

( ----C)

a) You shall be here.

Manoj: What about the others Sir?

c) to

She likes to sing.

-J v-x B--L.
[ \ V v
E-L.)
-- Officer, you, he, she it and
they shall [[ -E-. [[
c (commands) y--E.
you, he, she, it and they shall c-
(commands) LhC.

Officer: You shall not

go on leave till
Monday. You
shall stay here
as long as I
want you to.

vo: a) Infinitives N?
b) 'to + have +V3'

d \[ L (c

v-x p- BL (c
command)

h) The office (it) shall work.

command)
you, he, she, it and they
shall
(Commands/ orders)

E--L (c
-hC
c
[.

ya.

i) You shall not smoke here.

Manoj: I want leave on Friday Sir.

-- --C J h--.
1) I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they
will #a--E N-uh (Indefinite future)
L--h.
2) I/We will Eg-- (decisions),
l- (intentions) L--h.
3) I/We will promise --E
[.
-E-# N- v-
I/We shall - Indefinite future
I/We will determination (Eg)

x \[ L. (c

L... p]!

( p hC. h-E
#aC.)

It shall be;
She shall come;
He shall join;
They shall (not);
You shall be

y L (c

(-- \[ ?)

( -? ?)

( p- h[.)

command)
e) They shall stay too.
command)
f) My steno shall stay.
command)
g) She shall take print outs.

(x p- . -
x M [-[].

Manoj: How long am I to be here, Sir?

Sumathi: She shall come, ofcourse. She has

promised me.

Vimala: Won't Neeraj and Kalyan come?

steno shall stay longer than all of

you. I have a lot of letters to dictate,
and she shall take out their print
outs before tomorrow morning. For
two more days the office shall work
till 7PM.

p- h-C/--L.
c) He shall join.

Sumathi: It shall be this evening then. You

shall be here at 7 PM.

Vimala: How about Sourabha? Won't she

(will not she) join us?

11 d 2005

#o, x

a) I was there exactly at 6

when the function began.
function begin
Function
begin

DE n
--p[ -\[ d J- o E.
[ J-, -\[ oC
J- E.
b) I had been there exactly at 6 when
the function began-

C J-].

'I had been there when the function began exactly at 6',
sentence
sentence (a)
(b)
function

DEo

E Jh
j n hC.
n
DE j
u-E n
hC.
d J- viC. ]
\[ o E.
vo: a) Would E ]-sx -T-h?
b) Let you write p?
p? ]?
P-v-, \

a) 'would'

Eo y- NJh.
b) Let you write - C p. Let ] ux NJ. -u Let 'you'
[[ []. \-J [-a.
You let yourself into the room, when he
opens the door.

( --, y v-P
E n. \[ yourself
reflexive [ -E-)
Let you write n y .
'write' JC .

j)

y \[ t --[].
O public, university exams answer books
instructions Fo shall [
.

i) No candidate (he/she) shall bring any slips

of paper into the exam hall.

(K - T xp B---[]. - order)
ii) Absolute silence shall be observed.
order)
you, he,
she, it, they
shall
Court orders
orders
you, he, she, it and they
(official)
(unofficial)
'shall'
English
practice
shall, will

(Jh Ezl -L
vy v, E-] Eox

c- [[ O
.
Ea.
K --E
C--J-
, -C--J

[-.

. ]C u
[ [.
sEo d
1) ---O y --[] (such= ).
2) y \ - (order).
3) -v-E-x E Jh--L.
4) Ram: Sx p[ \?
Raghu: y Sx \- -[].
Ram: y x-[--[].
Raghu: y E Jh--L. y
o ---L.
Ram:
-v #a- E
Jh-h.
Raghu: -v-E y E Jh-L.
Answers:
1) You shall do no such thing/ You shall not

do any such thing.

2) You shall be/ shall come here at 7 tomorrow.
3) You/He/She/They shall finish/ complete
the work by tomorrow.
4) Ram: When shall I come here again?
Raghu: You shall not (shan't) come here
again.
Ram: You shall not (shan't) talk like that.
Raghu: You shall finish the work. Then
only you shall see/ meet me.
Ram: I'll (I will) finish the work by this
evening.
Raghu: You shall (finish), then.

---
Bhaskar: Good morning, sir. Will you give
me the books I've asked you for,
sir?

Father: You have wasted a lot of money,

(---Jo . --T h- -h?)

p- s %--.
. n--?
C a-J (Warning)

Teacher: Yes, Bhaskar, they shall be with

you this afternoon. Don't worry.

already. you shall not waste any

more money, understand.

Son:

(N uo F _--,
?)

Bhaskar: Moreover, I need your notes too,

sir, for the next week's exam.
exam

(--, a-

O q L.
Moreover=; notes- plural;

note- singular)
Teacher: You shall have them, what more?
(notes
Bhaskar: My sister wants you to help her out
with some of the lessons.
sister
lessons

F-h. L?)

(
Eo
N- O L.)

Teacher: She shall have my help. Let her not

worry, but she shall see me only in
forenoon. I am busy the next of the
day.

( C. F
o lo -L. N
- busy)

Bhaskar: She shall see you in the forenoon

only, sir, I assure you.
sister
sir)
Teacher: One of the books is rare. It shall
not be lost or damaged.

(
NtLo l--
-hC,
(x h -jC,
C ,-*-J-T-- L.

Bhaskar: It shall not be, Sir.

'shall'

j --
J-Q-L-.
p--- --o will, shall
-- h a-.
i) I/We shall- you, he, she, it and they
will- indefinite future (E-Pa N-u-h)
--.
ii) I/ We will L-C:
a) Determination (Eg)
b) Intention (l)
c) Promise ( y)
iii) You, he, she, it and they shall L-C.
a) commands/orders (c)
b) Definite future (N-u-h *a
---N)
p Bhaskar, teacher u conversation
-E-:
Shall u:
You, he, she, it and they shall :

I do, dad. It shall not happen again.

(n--C. C Sx - o C O Assurance)
Father: You shall keep an account of every
paise you spend.

(y a-d vA j \--L)

2) She shall have my help=

p C. C
O (Assurance)

3) She shall see me only in the forenoons =

l-- v o --L. (c)

4) She shall see you only in the forenoons =

l NtLo ---C.
(Assurance)

5) It shall not be lost or damaged.

(C -, *---
a-J)

Warning -

6) It shall not be, sir =

- -.

six sentences

(Assurance)

shall you, he, she, it,

they O-L-y--E, a-J y--E
.
j

Father: You shall have the money. How

much do you want?

Son: I will, dad.

( s F hC. ( F
s h= I will give you the
money. You shall have - C promise)
L?)

will-Eg \ Assurance)
d you, he, she, it and they shall
(I

1) Orders/ commands
3) Assurances

2) Warnings

Parvathi: About Rs 10000/-

--C.

Prem: I am going to contest in the next elections

( C-)

Father: You shall have more than that. Don't

worry.
Worry

3) Samuel:

*
--?
)

novels

(Available

Samson: Read well book stores

=at).

.
( \ O
-Lq --C (get,
whatever book )
Samuel: p \-?
Samson: Saturday v y p . Eo
p- \- B--.

shall, will - -- --C!

( a Eo-x ----o)

Ram and Swaroop: Go ahead. You shall

have our total support.
support

(--F,
C)

F Jh

You shall have even our financial support.

(
financial support

F p
C)
\ you shall have our support C
O-o d p-
Promise *a-i y)

-x--- 32
O hC.I/We will
h. (Promise)
you, he, she it and they shall
promise -a.
Parvathi: Dad, I want to take coaching of
CAT. I need some money.
CAT exam
coaching

(--o,

B------o. s L)

1) They shall be with you this afternoon =

N u-o-E F _ .
-- E u-o-E F h-/--) C O (Assurance)

--E 13 -d 2005

vo:

1)

-o \ h.

they

l.

Answers:

You, he, she and

shall

1) We will attend the function.

C--

1)Orders/commands
2)Warnings
3)Assurances
4)Promise

2) Gopi:

Shall I take/ have/ borrow your

bike for an hour?

Govind: You shall not.

M. SURESAN

uu-

practice
. (-sEo d will, shall
. N verb forms p---
--oN Lq a).
1) p- function h. (attend
)
2) Gopi:
- F bike B-?
Govind: B--l. (Jh sentence
.)
Gopi:
C Sx F _ p C.
(It begin , back )
Govind: E-y.
o v
ul. (will/shall v
)
English

O The Egg (C ) -E p. an egg

E --?
2) The E p , p -- N-
---.
3) I had been watching the TV, I have been watching
the TV N-J---.
-yA, -
: 1) 'an egg' , 'the egg' C -sEo-d C. - egg, egg
n 'an egg' . eg: There is an egg on the
plate. (Plate () f C. \ f
n -o d an egg.
- f E p--p the egg . He ate the egg
on the plate. \ plateE egg ( egg? question - the egg on the plate answer hC d) the
egg . The egg on the plate is for Ramesh. (PlateE
egg -). eg: An umbrella is useful in rain ( j-

Gopi:

It shall be back with you in just

an hour.

Govind: I will not give it (I won't give it).

You shall not trouble me any
more.
3) Samuel: Where are such good novels
available?/ Where do we get
such good novels?
Samson: At Readwell Book Stores. You
shall get there whatever book
you want.
(you get

E -a)

Samuel: When shall we go there?

Samson: You come home to me/ come to
my place on Saturday evening.
I will take you to the shop.

- { -----C. The umbrella in that

corner is mine \ - ( o )
o d 'The umbrella' . ( ?
h? E vo -E - h, The )
2) 'The' - J* y N- --.
3) -- lesson have been J* N-J
. I have been watching the TV ----*
p---/ O h-o, E. -- TV
h-o E.
I had been watching the TV (past) E v --E-- J-T had been + ing.
I had been watching the TV when he came in =
ap TV h o. a
--O v-G* a-- h o
E. -u EE J* p--p had been
watching (had been + ing) verb from .

[PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
Countable singulars

] p

15 d 2005

Tara:

article

'a'
a book, a pen, etc.

L.

\[ 'a' pronunciation- ]. ,
\[ J-]. \[ article 'a' pronounce -Lq N] L h ' '. C
----C. d 'a
book' =
'a pen' = etc.
about, above - ab- combinations
a --Eo- 'a' E ' ' ( )
l --.
about = ( \ -L) ].
above = ( \ -L) ].

u [--E vAo-h.
Chandra: y-p[
-u.
--E .
Tara:
-u -.
\[ # p[ --?
Chandra: ] C (p-)
---.
2) Basheer: \[ p-[[?
Roshan:
] D--C p-
\[ [.
Basheer:
] ]---x v L.
Roshan:
p- v-C.
Basheer:
h -u h. y v ]
10.30 ]l L.

E: y p L. D u
. (D = That too)
v: y p-] #a-
h. O j v---?
(y p-] = if you insist, insist =
N O] d-]- [[. p

Basheer: I shall be a little late. But you

shall make every thing ready by
10.30 AM
indefinite
I shall be)
Roshan: What about refreshments for
them?
Basheer: Ameer shall take care of them.
3) Karim: You shall attend Namaz on Friday.

(\[

Ux ]... Tx!

Roshan:
Basheer:
3) Karim:
Kowser:

ax Jv--q
() -?
N O -[. (take care [)
y v- - L.
F J h.
? (=Masjid or

x-E d--[--o[

E: v 4.15 v L.
v: .

Mosque)

x 33

Karim:

\- ]_-- C.
E. uo 12.30
Ny-\- L. u -[].
Kowser: u . v
B-?
Karim:
v
M?

v CE O -CE B-- M. SURESAN

-L.
( v = According to

What shall we discuss at the meeting?

-- l- syllables .
]'sen' syllable, tence

-C. sentence C
- o.
(Tx Ux ]) - L-p[ E syllable N syllables
\ \----. Eo stress
. DEo dictionary ' h y h.
'
eg. English- English
lEo \
---o-.
a'bove - \[ b syllable
\ stress Eo \ -L.
C u- Tx- practice .
1) Chandra: \[ (p) .
v] (p) [.
Tara:
Eo-p[ ---?
Chandra: F y O-
y L. O o
L. y u -[].
sentence
syllable
two syllables
English

the Koran)
4)

v: O- Jal?
(Ja-[ = discuss, meeting
= at the meeting)
E: a college day px
Jal.
(college day px = arrangement for the college day)

He insists on

going now)

Answers:

Kowser: I am new to this place/I am a

stranger here. Which Masjid
(Mosque) shall we go to?
Karim: There is one nearby. We shall go
to it. You shall come here at
12.30 PM. You shall not be late.
Kowser: I won't (will not) be late. Shall I
bring along my friend?
Karim: Don't you know that much?
According to the Koran you shall
bring to prayer as many as possible.
4) Priya:

1) Chandra: I will be (I'll be) here tomorrow.

My brother shall also be here.
Tara:
When shall I see you (meet
you) tomorrow, then?
Chandra: You shall come as early as
possible. Your brother shall
come too. You shall not be late.
Tara:
I'll (I will) try my best not to be
late.
Chandra: You are always late. Come
early tomorrow at least.
Tara:
I will not be (won't be) late, I
assure you. When shall we
start from here?
Chandra: We will start at 10 AM.

What shall we discuss at the

meeting?
Janani: We shall/ We will/ Let us discuss
the arrangements for the college
day next week.
Priya:
Do you want me to come?/
Shall I come?
Janani: You shall come. That too, on
time/ without being late.
Priya:
If you insist, I will come. Will the
meeting being on time.
Janani:
It shall at 4.15 PM.
Priya:
OK.

O !

2) Basheer: When will Sharook be here?

Roshan: He shall be here at 10.10AM.
Basheer: The shooting shall begin at 11
AM.
Roshan: It shall (begin).

p Tx O
p Tx, vA\, [,
>[, j]82

# a.
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

v: o t-?

vo: Tx {vF -Lq - N English you, singular (y), p- J -) J# -o

N?

V, E
: English-Telugu dictionary
--- Telugu-English dictionary
---. , NJ - English -
L_ --. English x---p[
---[-C.
vo: You, He, She N singular forms.
Singulars L-- ]
verb singular L. F
W x How are you,
Are you fine? . O are
] [-?
N, N---
: English singular form of the
verb -LqC Eo singular subjects
]. III person- singular subjects
v singular verbs [.

plural

(O). verb N- you

y p[ plural verb v L.
'How are you?' (you p[ plural verb) 'I am fine' [ [.
O - --E 'Are you
fine?' . 'How are you?', 'Are you
OK?' [.
vo: Present Perfect Tense --p[
EJl-d time/ period p !
O

I have coffee in the morning.

My mother has breakfast at 8 AM.

E -d?
>. y, C--

: I have coffee in the morning.

My mother has breakfast at 8 AM.

sentences
past actions

( J-T -) J# ]-
x[C. Regular actions (v

sentences
Past actions
Past Doing Word
Regular actions
forms

N.

p[
u
d.

j G
hC. j
d verb

vo: See, Watch ]u N?

I see movie.
I watch movie

. C d?Eg. n
N? Eg., Ex. C d.
-[, x

I see movies, I watch movies

[ d. am seeing/ is seeing/
are seeing [ d, E ] am
watching/ is watching/ are watching

L.
e.g.- C for example (---)
E abbreviation.
e.g.- C d. ex d ]. C exercise abbreviation.

vo:

I wish I had joined the Army.

I wish I joined Army.

j [ ux C ]-s
L? ]u N?
, q-d-
: 'I wish I joined the army'
p[ Army J C E.
'I wish I had joined the army!
Army J
-C E.

vo: Have been, has been, had been

- u ]sx --T-h? Have, has,

had tensex [-?
. --, . -y--,
--Lx
: p Tx Lessons
have been, has been, have, has - NJ. [.

---
Prasad: Pranav, When shall I see you
again?

--- 17 -d 2005

disappointed if you don't get a

seat in medicine.
(F medicine seat -

(-v--, Sx Eo-p --?)

Pranav: Will you meet me tomorrow at 4?

E----)

Sumanth: My teachers (they) will be sad too

if I don't make it to medicine .
( medicine ---
teachers ---)
Dad:
You will be happy to know that I
am going to buy a bike for you.
(F bike oE Lh y

( -T- ---?)

Prasad: Where shall I meet you ?

(\ --?)

Pranav: Will you come to LB Park? I will

meet you there.
(LB Park h ? \ Eo

---.)

Prasad: Will Pratap come with you too

----)

Sumanth: Really, dad? I shall be grateful to

you for this.
(E-? %-Vc-E)
j : Happy, sad, disappointed,
grateful - feelings uh--- -,
I/We shall; you, he, she, it, and, they

(v F h?)

Pranav : Of course, will you bring along your

friends too?
(-h-, O friends

Bh)
(bring along = B--)

Anjali: p-. F -
(you begin )

Sukumar:

C.

o -- p.
-UL. Uh?
U- = draw)

Ankita: -y t
(you . t
Anjali: p U?

We shall be disappointed
I shall be happy to meet them.
Will they come? Will your sister
come too?
(x -h? O sister h-o)
Prasad: Of course. I'll (I will) bring them
along.

-x--- 34
will ---. ( I/We Will -F, you, he,
she, it and they shall -F, , --

(p-, x B--h).
j -- -E- Questions
shall and will --. Questions p-
I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they
will v h. ( I/ We will -F,
you, he, she, it and they shall -F ).

, --n- p--E )
C d :
(will and shall -- Eo o.
u formal, informal spoken English
u-i-N. N -y- --.)

eg: a) When shall I see you?

b) Will you meet me?
c) Where shall I meet you?
d) Will you come?
e) Will Pratap (he) come?
f) Will they come?
g) Will your sister (she) come?

Subjects

Shall

I / We shall; you, he, she, it

and they will -.
Dad:
Sumanth, this time I expect you
to score better than last time.

1. Determination

(Eg)

(E-Pa N-uh)

(, --, -n-)
3. Questions (vo)

You, he, she,

it and they

1. Definite happens

Speaker

(-p-. ---- -\-- -a- - ---h- %--h.)

p CE English practice .
O-j- shall/ will .
1) Anjali: v E- ------?
Ankita: assignment p complete ?
Anjali: y h? ?
Ankita: assignment complete
--E y ---?

Sumanth: Sure, dad. I will do my best to get

100%

I shall be happy to see you get it.

(y a- ---)

Sumanth: Why you alone dad? Mother

(she) will be happy too.

(O-\ o-, t
----C)

We (your mother and I) shall be

(x-- a)

1) All the glitters is not gold --o.

E--E All the glitters are not gold --L ?
2) Sweet are the uses of adversity. DE
Sweet is the uses of adversity E L

3) Taking a stick, he beat the dog.

Having taken a stick he beat the dog.

j u- N?

4) --u -%AhE -Tx- -?

5) He has been appointed by DEO
He is appointed by DEO

- u- N p---.
.-.-,

1)

sentence- verb subject d

C? Sentence No.1 'all'
everything, every one of - vAD n

2. Intention
3. Promise

(l)

( y-)
1. Indefinite future

(*a- ---- N-)

2. Orders & Commands (c)
3. Warnings (a-J-)
4. Assurances (O)
5. Promises ( y-)

(J ---- \
\ -\ -h----o)

vo:

Will

2. Feelings & emotions

-p

Dad:

Answers:

12 - v-Gl?
Anjali: lunch
p l?
Ankita: - F
lunch p?
uo 2 M. SURESAN
K
late - -?(K late = too late )
2) Sukumar: V-- \?
Sunil: h-E-\ V?

1. Indefinite future
I, We

-u , -n-AE --L

Dad:

, L. y
x supervise L.

Ankita:

(x ---- d ).

(E-Pa N-uh)

2. Feelings & emotions

(, -- -n-)
(vo)

3. Questions

Sukumar:

-\ N h.
( v- N, %u
= sight seeing, go sightseeing E .)
Sunil: -Fo -p- -- - -!
Sukumar: y -Lq-N -
v---o. \- ---.
Sunil: V ?

? Everyone, subject --p C

singular . -E verb singular
L. -x All that glitters is not gold
is d.
2) Sweet are the uses of the adversity- sentence
d. Word order 'The uses of adversity are
sweet' -C. (Sweet are these fruits E poetic N-y . prose order/ conversation , These fruits are sweet
). The uses of adversities are sweet op subject C? The uses ? C plural, E verb are.
3) Taking a stick, he beat the dog - v BE \
d- -E. Having taken a stick, he beat the dog
n v--a-o y , \ d
sentence d . j n
(a: Having gone to Hyderabad, he could

--o ?

3) Bhanu: -\ p--?
Bhaskar: y -\ C---x L.
late --.
Bhanu: 10 K ?
Bhaskar: Meeting ----x begin
L. E arrangements

1) Anjali: Shall we go to a movie this

evening?
Ankita: When shall I complete my assignment?
Anjali: Will you come, or won't you?
Ankita: Then will you help me to complete my assignment?
Anjali: Certainly, you shall have my help.
What do you want me to do? /
What shall I do for you?
Ankita: You shall draw these pictures.
Will you?
Anjali: When shall I draw them?
Ankita: Shall we begin at 12 noon?
Anjali: When shall we have lunch, then?
Ankita: When is your lunch, usually? will
2 O' clock be too late for you?
2) Sukumar: Won't you (will you not) stay
here for another two days?
Sunil: What shall I do here for two more
days?
Sukumar: We shall/ will go sightseeing
here.
Sunil: You have already shown me all the
sights here.
Sukumar: There are still two or three
more places to be seen. We
shall go there.
Sunil: Won't one day (will not one day) be
enough?
Sukumar: Will you then stay here for
atleast oneday?
3) Bhanu: When shall I be here tomorrow?
Bhaskar: You shall be here at 10. You
shall not be late.
Bhanu: Won't 10 be (will not 10 be) too
early?
Bhaskar: The meeting shall begin at 11
AM Sharp. (Sharp= -d)
Balu and Babu shall make all
arrangements. You shall supervise them.

not meet the CM. j-- Rx CM ---).

4) '-u priesthood -a.
-u, priesthood Jh -n-Eo --y-. -u --u--, priesthood --u-- --
- --d.
5)a) He has been appointed by the DEO- DEO
-E--N---f- DEO -E appoint
-- --C. \ has been appointed
J-T-- EE -L--h-C.
b) He is appointed by the DEO- \ verb, 'is
appointed' --C regular action, passive voice -
--E ( Job E- -E) DEO
appoint h. --E /--p- --E.
(a: A lecturer is appointed by the committee lecturer committee x appoint
h - E/--p E.

---
Namitha: Hi Namrata, What brings you
here?

(- --v-, a)
C --J O conversation

Namratha: I want a book from you, and

advice from your father

( F _--* h L.
O o-J L)

Namitha: What book?

Namratha: The book, 'How to face
Interviews'. I am attending an
interview the day after.
(How to face Interviews

h L . x

Interview attend yL)

Namitha: And what do you want my dad's
advice?

( o-J ?)

Namratha: I have got interview calls for

admission in MBA in two collegesPotti
Sreeramulu
College, and Prakasam School
of Management. I want to know
from your dad which is the better
(MBA --E colleges * interview letters

a/an

oN

E \--d--L-T-N.

book - one book, three books etc.

friend - one friend, two friends etc.
hour - one hour, three hours etc.
meeting - one meeting, two meetings,
etc. jFo countables.
uncountables. \--d--EN.
eg: Water - one water, two waters -
. , sugar, rice, milk, etc. Fo
numbers p. d N
uncountables.

(p AJ--h?)

Namitha: In an hour perhaps.

( )

Namratha: I have work at home. Will he be

at home this evening?

(x C. v
x ?)

Namitha: He has a meeting to attend.

(- meeting C).
Namratha: Then I will see him tomorrow
morning

( -Eo --- h).

j -- underlined words
? x Eo-- 'a' or 'an'
o. --JEo- -.

vo: Weak verbs, Strong verbs N?

OE a-- p-E-? ---
---- N-J---.
u, o, t-
: '-ed', '-d', '-t' a
x past tense, past participle
p verbs weak verbs
. O Regular verbs
E .

eg: Present - Past - Past

Participle
1. talk - talked - talked
2. love - loved - loved
3. smell - smelt - smelt
L-C j verbs verbs Eo-E
'-ed', '-d' or '-t' a y past tense,
past participle form N weak/ regular
verbs.
Strong verbs irregular verbs E
. N past tense, past participle, weak
verbs , verb form p p-

-.

eg: Present - Past - Past Participle

1. Sing - sang - sung
2. Know - knew - known
3. do - did - done
verbs strong verbs.

4) 'A'

p? 'An' p?
-- Lesson N-J-*--x ,
, , , , , , , , , l- v
u English -- 'An' .
N l- v u
'a' . Ant (\ 'a' * l
'an')
a) An Ant, An abode ();

2. Anil: O x TV
Amar: vo?

?
Vx TV E
x ?
( Vx nowadays)
Anil: v---J TV --?
(... you mean )
Amar: l C-. u---A
x--J TV C.

A, An --Lq-!

Namitha: Congrats. All the best. But my

dad is out on business. He's
(=He has) gone out to call on a
friend.

(call
called on the President yesterday).
Namratha: When will he be back?

EN

a book
advice
an interview
business
a friend
work
an hour
a meeting
\ a/an book, interview,
friends, hour, meeting- OE countables
. , , , 10, 20

a. C * O o
--J-E --T ----E).

( o- E-O -
}, friend -
--E).
on= uhE - The PM

a/an

--v- 19 -d 2005

-x--- 35
-C---E v-h follow .
1) English countables v
plurals .
( v singular,
\ plural)
Singular
Plural
book
books
pen
pens
man
men
child
children
sheep (v)
sheep (v)
2) uncountables \--d--EN. O plural
.

(milks, golds, silvers . milk,

gold, silver N uncountables d O
plural .
3) Very very important: English countable singular \ E- *a 'a' F 'an' F L.
a) A cow (cow - countable singular) gives
milk ( hC)
b) An umbrella (umbrella- countable singular) is in that corner (

C)

c) A watch (watch - countable singular)

shows the time
(Watch Time -hC)
, \ Countable singular
*a E- p 'a' 'an' --

. - p.

d) A doctor treats patients

(d - ju h Treat ju Treatment - ju)

A / an - ' E n.
English A / an x -
. English A cow gives milk
d.
o - , '--L-hC
F, ' L-hC .
N -L-y-?
' { -----C
F, { -----C
. English x---p Countable
Singulars a / an omit h. C
J-.
S} h--. English Countable
Singulars a / an . L.
-- p

an arm, an egg();
An Indian ();
An ox, an idea () etc.
an honour ();
an hour () etc
b) a Tree, a Book etc
University - ()
d a University
M. SURESAN
European - ()
d a European
N: A , An C
Countable Singular a d

C.

eg: a question - an important question

a story - an uninteresting story
an idea - a useless idea
a boy - an honest boy
5) Uncountables A/an p .
a Water, a milk !
n -E English x---p

h----Lq N-:
a) countables v singular, plural

b) countable singular A/ an Lq
c) Uncountables Plural
d) Uncountable A/ an .
n ---Lq important
points:

Uncountable , E plural
, E- A/ an .
(Dictionary --o \ (C) F,
(U) F C. (C) countable, (U)
uncountable. Eod Eg---L. 'A/ an' h, E)
C u- English practice .
eg:

Ram:

Fan hC?
(What does a fan do?)

Ramana:

L-E-hC.

(It gives air)

Ram:

\- fan d.
(Please fix a fan here).
1. Suman: * doctor ----o.

Suresh: \- * doctor .
Suman: \ fees B--?
(fees N B-- = charge)
Suresh: \ B--.
Suman: B--?
Suresh: --- --J.
Suman: . o.
doctor - .

3. Kumar:

\- _- j school
?
Karim: \ schools o.
Kumar: s * school
L.
Karim: schools *.
Kumar: O
- school suggest
(*-) h?

Answers:

1. Suman: I want to see a good doctor.

Suresh: I know a good doctor (around)
here.
(here E d. Around here \ _- C conversational. --x

.)

Suman: Does he charge high?/ Does he

charge a high fee?/ Does he
charge high fees?/ Are his fees
high?/ Is his fee high?/ Is he
expensive?
Suresh: Yes. He does.
(He charges high)
Suman: How much does he charge?
Suresh: A hundred rupees the first time.
(hundred, thousand, lakh, crore, million,
etc - Fo countable singulars. d
O- p- 'a' L.
132 = A hundred and thirty two.
1500= A thousand and five hundred.
bank notes v 'A' one h)
Suman: OK. That's enough. I am all right. I
don't need a doctor now/ any
more.
2) Anil: Have you a TV at home?
Amar: What a question! Is there a home
without a TV nowadays?
Anil: Do you mean that all people have
TVs?
(Do you mean, - C practice

. n F l-?/ n? E.
What do you mean? - F n, F l
N?)
Amar: I do not mean that. All middle
class people have TVs.
3) Kumar: Is there a school near/ around
here?
Karim: There are two schools.
Kumar: I want a good school for my
son?
Karim: Both the schools are equally
good.
Kumar: Which school do you suggest?

---
(-- -- C: Countable

A/ an .
Uncountables plural . -
A/an ).

Singulars

Gowtham: Hi Gowri, What news?

Gowri:

Certainly I have news for you

(F h pL)
Gowtham: Out with it please

( p)
p. C O
conversations practice
Out with it.

Gowri:

I have information. Tomorrow's

exam has been put off until next
Thursday)

( exam a - ---x - CC)

Put off = .
Gowtham: That's good news. Thank you

(C * h).

--C- 21 -d 2005

Krishna:

. F-o ?
L. h (Quire)
Krishna: h.
3) Brahmam: ---N ---vT
B---C. N-
l .
Vishnu: OK y . -
urgent
o.
Kesav:

ANSWERS:
1) Purnima: I want/ need advice

a) Advice. a piece of advice -a. A few

(an advice).

pieces of advice E

Preethi: What about?

Eg: 1) Let me give you advice/ Let me

Purnima: I want to do business

2) I want a piece of advice from you.

3) He had two or three pieces of
advice for students in his speech.
b) bread.

Uncountable.

C p
E

'breads'

).

plural

a lot of.. some

Gowri:

That's from the horse's mouth,

Gowtham: OK. I have work. I am off.

(

C. h.)
I'm (I am) off= -ho.
Conversation .
\ . news, information,
work A/ An --, news,
information, workN English uncountables. O plurals . O- A/
An .
h -*-: - j E
countables news (h/
h) information (-- );
work (E/ ). h--. News,
information, work- uncountables. -
A/ An -. plurals -.
Eo uncountables... advice, bread, business, furniture, luggage, paper, soap.
News, information, work

Fo
- A/ An .
O plurals. J conversations OE
uncountables - --L.
a) F -h = good news for you/
uncountables-

I have good news for you

(A good news/ I have a
good news for you )
letter u-i - C.
= The letters has important information.
(... has an important information -)
c) u-i E C =

b)

I have urgent work.

(I have an urgent work

).
CE English practice .
1) Purnima : L.
Preethi : E J*?
Purnima: u -- -o.
Preethi: u?
2) Krishna: o -E --C.
s L.
Kesav:
y --- ---o?

C.

-x--- 36
Preethi: What business?
2) Krishna: I want to have a bath/ I feel like
having a bath. I want soap.
(a soap ?)
Kesav: Are you going out?
Krishna: Yes, Do you want anything?
Kesav: I want paper. A Quire
(Papers ?)
Krishna: I'll (= I will) get it.
3) Brahmam: That old woman is carrying a
lot of luggage. Let us help
her.
(a Luggage/ many luggages ).
Vishnu: OK. Let's hurry up. I have two or
three urgent jobs attend to.
(a work/ works ?)
-E- . j- Plural
. A/ An -. - English
usage Fo uncountables.
Uncountables - hair (Vd).
hairs (v- n)
English

loaf

of bread.
(A loaf of
bread

or

three

M. SURESAN

loaves of
milk

a litre/ 2 or 3 litres of

milk) bread

slices

Govind: What did you have for breakfast?

(Break Fast

Ao)

Gopal: I had two slices of bread and

omlet
c) Business -

n 1) E 2) u,
n- x Business
uncountable. ( A business/ businesses )

Seenu: Hi, long since we met. what are

you and where are you?

( Q, -C.
h-o (u)? \
o?)
Srikanth: I am doing business

(u ho)
Seenu:

She has fine dark / luxuriant hair.

What Business?

( u?)

Vd x _ - C.

Srikanth: I have two or three lines

(

u-
u p-,
lines of business . -F
Businesses )
Business

-.
(Eo E)

p ----o.
Advice, advise ..

business.

C d?

Advice, advise C d vo -C ---o.

Advice . He gives advice - * h.
Her advice is always good - p -C.
Advise= y C verb
NvA B---E F h-o= I advise you to take rest.

dx NvA B---Lq-C h-o =

O u?
= What's your

business? what is your

line?

business shop/ company n

C. p-C countable.
a) - stationary shop C.
He has a stationary business.
b) x

d F C.

They have a cloth business.

(very important:

j pFo spoken
u-i -s-. j -
B--d Englisha, C
a-a).
j p uncountable Eo,
\- E p--E a lot of, -E
some -a.
A lot of/ some advice, bread, business,
information, news etc.

bread.

* Vd C.
She has black smooth hair.
(A Hair/ Hairs )
p--- Eo Uncountables
Eo- Specific

u---o.

English

bakery

you know
[C ( h) - -x _-- *
*aC.Horse's mouth = ----C
p--L-T x h. Municipal polls date
u-vA v-h C, from the horse's
mouth; college Principal v-h
C from horse's mouth].

Tatas

The Tatas have a number of lines of

give you a piece of advice.

(E J*, E N?)
'What about' spoken English
--- expression. - .
(a business

-a.

Doctors advise her to take rest.

DE English p: -J y
Ans: a) I don't give advice to anybody
b) I don't advise anybody
j ---E -a --- -u a) advice=
- -u b) advise = y.
Advise: present tense - advise; past tense and past participle = advised.
He, She it subjects advises.

Now practice the following conversation

in English:
a) Sandhya:

F Vd !
{u C.
({u--=envy)
Swathi: soap . 'Darksilk'
shampoo -. C
* Vd ---E --C.
Sandhya: Eo s .
L .
Swathi:
s
b) Pramod: Hi Prasanth, h-- -
o?
Prasanth: u v-G---o.
Pramod: u? (Line )
Prasanth: u- Eg---.
C) Vikram: Breakfast B--o?
Vikranth: v, x
Vikram: v B--o?
Vikranth: slices, .

vo: Princess

Apostrophe 's'

-E
E a-

N L? Princess's ring
E -a? v qE
N- L-----.
.-E-, y-, t >x.

Princess
Apostrophe s =
Princess's. Princess's ring d. - lesson L. '\
n Apostrophe s v o ,

- v . v-E --i . - of
. Eg: The Pages of the book.

---
Vinod: When did you get the letter? What's
the news?

( --*aC? -?)

Vijai: Important news. My uncle is moving

into his new home by the month end.
He has given me an important job to
do.

(u-i h. -J h --o.
u-i E p--p.)
Vinod: What is it? (C?)
Vijai: I have to buy furniture here and send
it to him.

(\ Jo- E - -L.)

Vinod: How much?

- furniture uncountable)
Vijai: It's a tall order. At least 8 to 9 items.

(?

( \. F E-NC, NtC
h-)
(tall order= \. -j --* E \ --E a tall order . O
conversation DEo practice .)
- -E-. furniture
uncountable E ---o
? furniture specific u
p- an item/ items of; a piece/ pieces
of furniture -a. An item/ items of furniture C shops , official language
. conversational a piece of/ pieces of
furniture .
Customer:
I want some furniture.
Shop keeper: What are the items, Sir, and
how many?
Customer:
Just a few items
business language
item

\
(= h) -o.

Ramana: Look at that sofa there and the

dining table.

( , jE )

Raghav: Yes, what about them?

(, N?)

Ramana: Those two pieces of furniture

have been with us for the past
twenty years.

( _ 20 x o.)
- business/ official
informal d a piece of /
pieces of furniture .
-- Vijai o?
He has given me an important job to do

E . 'work' uncountable. -E E/ E p--E job/ jobs

-a. (Job n u.
job E = work n C.
'work' uncountable; 'job' countable.)

Vittal: Why are you in such a hurry?

( -?)

Vikram: I have two or three urgent jobs to

do before 3 in the afternoon.

( uo
Lq C.)

Vittal: I have a job to do too. Mom wants

me to take her shopping.

( E C. t
B--xC.)
Soap uncountable. Eo u p- _--o.

Kiran: How much soap do you use a

month?

Practice the following aloud in English:

-F ----L-h-o,
C ?

( O s -?)

I am giving you a hundred rupees. Will

that do?

Kashyap: Depends. In summer at least 5 to

6 cakes of soap. In winter, two
or three.

C . - \ L.

That will not (won't) do. I need more

than that.

(-N - s Gx,
Q- .)

1) Madan:

s
-t?
)
Mother: v-V h s Bo. C -?
Madan: ---C. p s
L.
(Mom

a piece of/ pieces..

Hemanth: You waste a
lot of paper.

-x--- 37
C.

let me
have soap/ a piece of soap/ some soap
(pronunciation- cake
news, information
a piece of good/ bad news;
a piece of information/ some pieces of
information
a) He has leaked out an important piece of
information.

x L --E

= )
N.

- C.

(u-i - ---d.)

b) A piece of news is missing in this letter.

( L. F _-?)
( _ x v o.)

Hari: One sheet will do for me.

( .)
will do = . C conversational.
O spoken English ' - .

u p !
E L ?
. \--,

: 1) Suneetha is like her sister,

Suneetha looks like her sister correct.

Suneetha is like her sister.

y n-

Suneetha looks like her sister.

Dn \ L- v (--E).

2) Ramu and his brother are alike in their

appearance
are
verb

He went out an hour ago.

went
use
Went (Past doing
word)
She has gone out just a minute ago.
has gone

\ L- d O
E p.
d. J

u L-. F

.
Fo
v-h---Lq
*o-*o .
p- T- % .

He has written his address on a slip of

paper and given it to me.

v C. \ T \
.
The floor is clean, not a piece of paper
anywhere.

E O
a?

(Past Participle) use

. - . X, j--
: She has gone out just a minute ago. \ just
a minute ago p n B---F,
j p-x . just x n
hC. American usage p--p
complete - Past Doing Word
(past simple) .
He has gone out just a minute ago.
just
has gone outbetter, British usage
time
past
action
Past Doing Word
correct.
'could'
'mould'

F d C L-,
x, -- E.

C d.
. d d .

sheets of paper;
a slip of/ slips of paper;
a piece of paper/ pieces of paper
Spoken English

v T \ O
-a.

Hemanth: I have only two sheets.

L !

( y. M. SURESAN
- o.)
--E, printing
paper p uncountable.
n papers E-F, a paper E-F .
u-- --- a sheet of/

He has already wasted four sheets of

paper.

( - - .)

Hari: I want paper. Have you any?

Suneetha looks like her sister

2) Ramu and his brother alike in appearance
Ramu and his brother are
alike in appearance

(y
% h.)

Hari: Let me have just

one sheet. I am in
a hurry

shop
a cake/ cakes of soap

vo: 1) Suneetha is like her sister p ?

vo:

--- 23 -d 2005

vu d
v.
p
v h---L.
p
-
vo: Tx
E ' E,
E 'f E
--? C Tx- ?
. B--f, N--
: English pronunciation system o x
- h. English
pronunciation E origin d C.
E -Eo-d. C a English ,
* *a Eo d
C. d Dictionery E pronunciation
-- _. -? vo
- -.

Mother:

s K \ --o.
t -C vh!
Madan: \ s -.
Mother: -h C. Vx
s --d-.
2) Prasanth: y - Eo- -?(when ... go to bed
).
Pramod: - vA 10. F

V
u
o.
u-i --o.
N y -.
Prasanth: -x? x
u-i E C?
B--o. j--
L. T B--o.
Pramod: N ?
Answers:

1) Madan: I want soap/ some soap, mom.

Mother: You took a new cake of soap
just two days ago. Have you
done with it?
(have done with =
conversational. 'Have you used it
up?'
bookish.
'Have you used it up?'
spoken form- Have you done with it?/ Are
you done with it.
Madan: Yes, mom. I am done with it. I
want soap now.
Mother: You are using too much of soap,
boy. It dries up your skin, be
careful.
Madan: I use very little soap.
Mother: I know. That's why you have
used up a whole cake in just four
days.
2) Prasanth: When do you go to bed usually?
sleep =
(go to bed =

h
C
-a. F C
u-J-
E

Ev v-N-,
EvC- !)

Pramod: Usually at 10. I shall be late

today. I have two or three jobs
to do. I will go to bed only after
finishing them.
Prasanth: Shall I go then? I have important work at home too. Shall I
take some paper? I have an
assignment to do. I am taking
four sheets.
Pramod: Will that (they) do?

---
Jagadeesh: I came for you yesterday. You
were out.

- 25 -d 2005

verbs verb form: was + ing / Were

+ ing.

(Eo F a.
Nyx )
You were out = y x .
Were you in? = Nyx -o?
. in, out, be forms *o conversation --a. *o*o --i - spoken english x- C - E-hC. *o --
Eo - --- conversation
u.
Jayanth: I was at Sekhar's. I was playing
chess with him.

Singular subjects (I, he, she, it, they)

was + ing

. Plural subjects (we, you,

were + ing -C.
(English you = y / O; n
C plural verb )
Was + ing / were + ing form verb, past
continuous tense C.
C sentences .
a) -L *a--p h -o = I was reading a book when he
they)

came in.
b)

- *a--p - C =

The sun was shining when we went out.

( Rxx o. -
--o)

While the teacher was teaching the

Pradeep: TV

hC.
hoE O--J L?
Pradeep: h-o-E . F
E s B--h-ox
L-.

pupils were talking

Pratap:

u teacher teach , x
x- Continuous past
actions ! -E was + ing / were + ing.

You were out

ANSWERS:
a) I saw her when she was going out.
b) He was studying while she was cooking.
c) Venkat: What were you doing when all
this happen?
Vinai: I was reading the newspaper.

Sekhar's

; Sekhar's
Sekhar's place Lq E-

home,

-x--- 38

Jagadeesh: On my way home I saw your

father and his friend. They
were taking a walk.

c) Warden

L-*ap x (pupils)
----o = The pupils were studying when the Warden came in.

d)

( --a?)
Jagadeesh: I was just going this way. I

e)

(y *a--p brother, sister

x ?)
call = -, call at = -- x.
Eo O -a = I called at your place

uncle

Jagadeesh: They were, of course. They

were watching the T.V.

j -- verbs -E-.
Verbs

j x
-L *a--p h -- continuing past action d
- *a--p
continuing action in the past, d was
shining (was + ing)

c) warden

He often calls at his uncle's =

-L--*a--p x (pupils)
--- - a continuous past action
- d were studying (were + ing)
d) { Eo --- C
a continuing past action d was raining (was +ing)

Forms

- -h-- a continuing past action

d was having (was + ing)
C- .
Teacher h--p x x---o
e)

1. Was playing - was +...ing

2. Were taking - were+... ing
3. Was going - was+... ing
4. Were watching - were+...ing

( --op Nu-n
dance h-o)

Venkat: He stole the watch while you

M. SURESAN

vo: 1) I am having lunch

What were you doing when he knocked

vo:

Present perfect tense, present perfect

They have lived here for 10 years.

having a lesson d
better.

. 'He has a les-

bringing money.
Important:

-u C verbs
was + ing/ were + ing form .
C verbs . Was see-

(-sEo d Eo verb forms )

a) - -o-p -
.
b) --- hC.
c) Venkat: J-T--p y ho?
Vinai: news paper ---o.
Venkat: Table Oo watch E -E-?
Vinai: p news paper --o
Venkat: y news paper ---op watch T-L-.
(T-L- = steal)
d) Pradeep: --- --p -x
---o.
Pratap: O t- h-o?

They have been living here for 10 years,

a bath d. 'He is having a lesson' is

Pradeep: We knew that he was coming,

but we didn't know he was

4) He is having a lesson

having lunch, are having juice, is having

Didn't (Did not) any of you

know that he was coming?

(q --o-p -)

3) She is having a bath

O N d, N . N-J---.
.N.---- -, t---,
>x
: O u- am

Pratap:

The boy jumped from the bus while it

continuous tense

playing

was moving

2) They are having juice

son'

were reading the newspaper.

d) Pradeep: I was studying while they were

Now, Practice the following in English

h.

was reading (was + ing)

b)

I've (I have) told you/ I told you,

I was reading the newspaper.

Pradeep: She was watching the TV

/ were + ing form

spoken english expression.

Vinai:

( d--p y h-o?)
\ h-o continuous past
action d 'were you doing?'

actions over a duration in the past) was + ing

yesterday.
practice.

table?

students

l l NE--*--p -ho =

-E- j ux -
o - (Continuous actions in the past-

a)

not)

Pratap: What was your mother doing?

noise.

called?

you

at the door?

special.

and sister at home when you

Eo { h C = It was rainI was having my meal when I heard that

Jayanth: Weren't (were not) my brother

her

(Did

ing the whole of yesterday.

thought of seeing you. Nothing

( J h-o. Eo l--o. vu--i l- )

She was singing

while

you

observe the watch on the

were dancing

( -x J O o-,
o-o . x -h-o)
Jayanth: Why did you come for me?

Venkat: Didn't

---x p
'while' .

u N?

NJ---.
x- --, ---,
N--- >x
: a) Present Perfect tense -
v--i--p--- J-T -
. Present Perfect Continuous
Tense - v-i
--o - .

ing/ were seeing; was noticing/ were noticing; (h-

J*)was smelling/ were

smelling; was believing/ were believing; was

knowing/ were knowing; was understanding/
were understanding; was wanting/ were
wanting; was loving/ were loving; was hating/
were hating; was containing/ were containing; was consisting/ were consisting; was
possessing/ were possessing etc.

O-Eo

past doing words.

eg: He loved her.

(He was loving her

She understood his point.

(She was understanding his point

) N--- .

( ~ t Present perfect - p---, Present

p-o ). O
-- \ -- p-a. - lessons O J* Ja--o.

perfect continuous -

b) They have been living here for 10 years 10 x \ -o p-

\ o
They have lived here for 10 years 10

x x \ o. p--- o.
p--o, N
Sentence -p.

---
Bharat:

You were reading a book yesterday. Whose book was that?

(Eo y h ---o.
C J h?)

Bhargav: My book of course. I lent you a

book last week. I want it back this
evening. If your assignment is
complete, let me have it. It is not
mine.

( h-. - F h
a. v C L.
E F E - a. C
C )
(Lent - Lend Past doing word. Lend-N-y)

Bharat:

Not yours? Whose is it then?

(FC ? --JC?)

Bhargav: I got it from Ramu. It is his book.

This note book is his too.

Bharat:

11. ours
12. their
13. theirs

C
J, x
JC, xC, JN, xN
j -Fo -J C---E
(Possessions) --. English
u spoken english simple ,
--E O --- u.

Prakash: Whose idea is this?

(C J idea?)
Prasad: My idea. Why? Is it not so good
as your idea?
( idea. ? F idea ?)
Prakash: It is certainly better than my idea.
Only, I thought it was your dad's
(his) idea.
(. idea o C.
C O o-J idea -

o)

Prakash: No. My mom thinks better than

(C _ * B-o. C E h-. note

book -E)

I attended your sister's dance

programme the other day. It was
really good. Who is her dance
teacher?
(V O sister u v-z
. C. dance
teacher ?)
Bhargav: Our family friend Mrs. Nrityasri.
The Choreography was completely hers. The Singer is also a
friend of ours.
(N family friend. %u
z-y
(Choreography)
(Pronunciation J--v)
N-. --N friend)
Bharat: Does Mrs. Nrityasri run a school?

(. , h -
--o. o school. E--xE
p dancers -C x
Nu-n)
famous - =o, v -Cl-
dancers - q
j -- underline -
-E-.

n
1. Whose (book)? J (h)? / -JC?
2. My (book)
(h)
3. Mine
C
4. Your (book)
O / F (h)
5. Yours
OC / FC
6. his (book)
(h)
7. his
-C
8. her
(\ dance teacher)
9. hers
C
10. our
(family friend)

a)

C J h? = whose book is this?

-N-,
h -JC? = Whose is this book?
b) I) C h= That is my book
ii) h C = That book is mine
c) i) C F = This is your advice
ii) F? = Is this advice yours?

Kasim:

F bike B--x?
C . C bike.
D, D .
C C.
3) Avinash: x S h-o? C
OC ?
Alankar: C .
Krishna: C

Whose is it?
d) i)

-x--- 39
my dad. It is her idea.

(. o t
-*-hC. C idea)

Prasad: Any way, it is for our good. Their

interest is our success.

(--, C * .
x-\---C N-)

( \ --?)

run -/Ey--
Bhargav: Yes, She and her husband. Their
school is famous. Some of great
movie dancers were students of
theirs.

--C- 28 -d 2005

Prakash: OK, then. When shall we begin?

(, p v-Gl?)

Prasad: Depends on money. Its availability is everything.

( s O -- C.
E availability (u) )
j ---E possessives C-- possessives a.
1. Whose? (J?)
Whose? (-JC? / -JN?)
2. my ()
mine (C / N)
3. your (F / O)
yours (FC, OC / FN, ON)
4. his ()
his (-C / -N)
5. her (\) hers (C / N)
6. our ( / ) -
ours (C / N,
C / N)
7. their (x, ) theirs (xN, C /
xN, N)
8. its (E) its (EC / EN)

vo: -- ---u -spoken

english
spoken english

-a--o-.
-

--- tenses --u-?

--- - ---L?
..----v, o
: Tenses a-- u. --
vocabulary (, n, N
--- -). W English
Newspaper n , -- -.
vd --x L C. u lessons simple present, N tense N-
N-J. -.
vo: -C u- Tx- L-----.
1. O x ?
2. -E -@ Jp-
3. -u- x- --h-o
4. Eo E- B---
5. - j \ Jp-
6. -E ---d

Avinash:

C (\)
<? = Is this her

-JC?
Uncle C
Avinash: - C xC?
Alankar: x Grand father's time *
x.
4) Prameela: Eo J necklace C?
O d a--?
x? (d: relatives)
Laxmi: C x-C-. x -Fo v
o.
Alankar:

sari?
ii) < C =
This sari is not hers
e) i) teacher =
She is our teacher
ii) p C
M. SURESAN
-C? = How
is this fault ours?
f) i) C watch = This is his watch
ii) watch -C ? = Isn't (Is not)
this watch his?
g) i) C x h = This is their property
ii) C x h -C? = How is
this property theirs?
h) i) x.. J-- d
= I like the
house and its surroundings
ii) v EN =The wheels are its.
Very important: E, EE -Eo its
. \ S apostrophe (')
. Apostrophe It's It is E.
Apostrophe (') l --

ANSWERS:
1) Is this your car? / Is this car yours? where
are its keys?
2) Kasim: Who came yesterday? / Who
was it that came yesterday?
Krishna: My friend / A friend of mine
( expression conversation
\ -)
Kasim: Did he take your bike?
Krishna: That was not mine. That was
his bike. Mine and his look the
same / look alike only, mine is

Eo -hC)

Eg: 1) This car and its wheels=

slightly older than his.

, E

v.
2) It's my car = It is my car. (C
)

Now practice the following aloud in

English: (j possessive )

1) F? E -N?
2) Kasim: Eo *a--?
Krishna: o- (my, mine
)

7. o -- al
8.Sir, Madam E E-~--u- -a?
9. S.C., S.T. d-- L?
>. N, -Lx

: 1. Is your tap off? / Have you turned off your tap?

/ Has your tap been turned off?

2. I have admitted him in college
3. The teachers are making the students sweep
the class rooms / The teachers are getting the
students to sweep the rooms / The teachers
have the students sweep the rooms.
4. I will take you to the movie
5. I taught him cycling
6. I put him to bed
7. Don't compare me with others / Don't compare
me to others- -s-Eo-d
8. -J-j Sir / Madam E -a.
9. S.C.s and S.T.s

-E- C the
E short farm- DE
n '\ N N- / --N simple ' E. slightly=
Cl.
conversational bits.
\

'only'

only things

3) Avinash: Why are you vacating the

house? Is it not yours? / Don't
you own it?
(Vacate pronunciation:

- /
-- \ -L n S- (x N)
Alankar: No, it's (it is) not ours.
Avinash: Whose is it, then?
Alankar: Our uncle's
Avinash: How long has it been theirs?
Alankar: (It has been theirs) since their
grandfather's time.
4) Prameela: Whose necklace was lost /
was

missing

yesterday?

You had relatives yesterday,

was it theirs?
Laxmi: No, not theirs; their ornaments /
jewels are all safe.

---
Srilekha: Did you meet them yesterday?

(Eo y x ---o?)
Surekha: Whom do you mean?

(y-C J J*?)
Srilekha: Savithri and her husband

(NvA, h J*)
Surekha: I met her, but not him

( ---o, E -E
---)
Srilekha: Did you show her the letter?

letter

-?)

Surekha: Yes, I Showed it to her. She will

show it to him today.

(- -.
- -hC)
Srilekha: Did she enquire about me?

--- 30 -d 2005

Supriya:

y - ---? -E y d---?
Suchithra: O v o--! -E d--?
(- F-d -)
Supriya: Brother, sister -J-- d- N
Suchithra: v- --O vl
. o worry hC.
(neglect )
Supriya: v - trouble
y. t o ---. x- v-h
---. C -o
B--h. q tLo

much. He gives him

()

whatever he wants. only, he asks

him to study well (him=E)
Supriya: By the by, our teacher gave us an

- n
-
- L
-
.h ..
-x---

asked me to give you her best

wishes. She wants us to visit her

40

soon. She likes to give us a dinner.

( Eo ----C. Eo-T-x p-C. Lo Rx---J

tC. dinner y---C.)
Srilekha: That's fine. Let's go to them
tomorrow in my car. I will show
them my new car.

(C. x
_- . h x
-h.)
-- them, whom, her, him,
you, us, me -E-.
English conversation natural ,
simple --- O n, OE Eo
- -sx C ---
u. *o-*o - o --E nFo -- simple conversation --- --a. lesson
J* --.
I =
me = o;
we =
us = t-, / -,
you = y / O
you = Eo, Nt-- / F, O
he =
him = -E, -
she =
her = , ( \)
it = C
it = EE, E
they = x, N
them = x, E/ x,
who =
whom = -JE/ -J.
n- - d-E *a
Surekha, Srilekha dialogue G_- -J
-.
Practice the following aloud in English.
Suchithra: brother

h. o d---.
(like )

(-- --o
topic a-p 'by the by'- -
'C- . us =
). When did he ask
us (Lo) to complete

Ny-h.
Suchithra: brother
---. Eo t
y doctor _-
B--}. o v
d. -C -o
h.- --E v
-.
Supriya: C-, Eo assignment a . Jh---o Lo?
Suchithra: a E- -.
--V ?
Supriya: p E? -o--
y?

conver-

Answers:
Suchithra: My brother helps me a lot ()
He likes me very much
Supriya: Do you help him too? Do you like

Suchithra: You have a brother too.

also

too better.)

Don't you (=Do you not) like him?

(o)

Supriya: Nothing surprising a brother and a

sister liking each other.
Suchithra: But my brother neglects studies. That worries me.

(o)

Supriya: My brother doesn't (does not) give

me that kind of trouble/ such trouble. (such=that kind=)
He helps my parents too a lot. He
takes

But

good

care

of

them.

(Them=x)
He gets us what we want

().

He makes us laugh with his jokes

Suchithra: My brother helps us too. My
mother had a fever yesterday
and he took her to doctor.
(English

fever, countable,

p -
Hari: (over phone) Hello, who is it please?

Supriya: Who told you so?/ Who told you

that? Whom did you ask?

[[[[[
a) y Eo -JE ---o? = Whom
did you meet yesterday? L. Jo = whom. - spoken English whom who -ho. C d spoken English.
Who did you meet yesterday?

C u formal
( p ).

written English

C spoken form, conversational.

b) y Eo -J x---o?
(Spoken) Who (Whom )
Were you talking to yesterday?

, To whom
E .)
\ -E--Lq N: Preposition
'to'- sentence . sentence 'to' begin h whom L.
(-,

(?)

formal

were you talking yesterday?

-v-o:

(,

-)
Hari: That's nice, hearing your voice... after
a long time.

( , y F
N)
Hemanth: Was that your brother who
appeared in the TV serial yesterday?
(Eo TV serial E--*C O
brother ?)
Hari: Yes, it's (= it is) him (, ) and
the little girl he was walking with... do
you know who she is? ( -ho

*o- F ?)
Hemanth: Wasn't it (was it not) your
youngest sister?
Hari: Yes, it's her.
j -- -E-: It's me, it's him,
It's her. - , It is I, It is he, It is
she -E
-. F spoken
English It's me, It's her, It's him -

d.

1. Shop closed

- u Negative.
J---?
3. Not shop closed n?
4. School going children. DEE Negative N- L?
5. World's largest selling Newspaper. DEE Negative - -
---.
. , j-
2. Shop n't closed

---: 1, 2, 3

Shop closed - DE shop not closed. Shopn't closed - n't

- x . an, is, are... v . Not
shop closed j English . \ shop not closed
'shop open' better . 4. Non school going children C
school going children negative. 5. The world's largest selling
News paper negative - not the world's largest selling newspaper
-a.
form

(tLo)

Who are you talking about? (whom )

d) -J x-C?
Who did he quarrel with?
e) -JE Eo?
Who (Whom ) did you see yesterday.
f) Jo Rx - M
I do not know who she married
( sentences whom
. Who common, spoken
English)

Hemanth: It's (it is) me, Hemanth

Who did you meet yesterday?

him too?

(-; -E: Do you also help him?

o Do you help him too- \- -
Spoken English)
(-- p-x

M. SURESAN

-JE J* x---o?

isn't it (= is it not) a holiday for

us? (us =

formal writ-

Who are you writing (letters) to ?

c)

Suchithra: The coming

think.

Jo -----o?
) do you want to see?
-J h- h-o?

it.?
Saturday, I

writing,

ing h.
Spoken form v, 'to' - sentence
* hC. sentence 'whom' ,
who v-Gh. 'who' (whom -Lq
x) questions v-G-- spoken
English d.
Who (whom

sation

Surekha: She wishes to see you. She

My father likes my brother very

assignment yesterday.

( J* T?)

(to whom were you talking?)

'a fever', her=)

[Radha: Hi Roja, how are you? long since we

met.
(

past participle (pp)

a)
I have met (have + pp) him.

Roja: Fine thank you. How are you?

\[ , j ( V, , ,
etc.) ---oD L-----[ x
have met- have + pp [-o.

o? L
V-jC.)

( o. y o?)
Radha: Fine to. Thanks. How about going to
the movie Black?

(o! x E -?)
Roja:

I've (I have) seen it. Think of some

other movie.

(C . E j p)
Radha: I haven't (I have not) seen it so far.
so far=

(p C [-].
p)

Roja: That's surprising. It has run for three

weeks now, and you haven't seen it!

[.
E ---o.

b) I met him yesterday.

yesterday
Past Doing Word
c) He has gone out.
time
- has + pp
d) He went out an hour ago.
(
went- Past Doing Word)
e) She has bought a car.

\[
x

E j L--[
[-o)

L--[ ]. d has gone

v E j L--[ x
( oC.)

(au ! C [ -
[-C. y [-?)
Radha: How about some coffee before going
to a movie?

(E-x ] h -?)

1 d 2005

f) She bought it last week.

( EE ] oC)
-E-
- j LE Past Actions

(for the past / for the last ten years =

-x x v # p)
2) --x Tx C.
(p)
He has taught English for the past/ for the
last four years

III) have + pp/ has + pp, just, just now

p--

p h- - [.
a) x p v--iC.
The class has just begun.
b)

Rx-p a.
They have just arrived.

.
3) p 100 #vx -#C.
She has acted in 100 movies so far.

4) ].
He has not come yet/ so far.

j L..?

Roja: I have just had coffee. I don't feel like

drink any more.

(p . Sx -E ].)
-- -E--Lq N
have + past participle (have + pp) / has + pp
I, We, You and They
have +
pp
He, She, It
has + pp
present perfect tense
form verb

-.

[.

[. DEo
.
J-Eo ---
a) My father (he) has gone out.

( o x)
b) My mother has bought a saree for my sister.

( -) have/ has + pp .
JT j L Past Actions Past
Doing Words [.
d have + pp/ has + pp d--] Past actions, time not stated (j
L--E, J-T) - [.
eg: 1) y E-- -?
Have you seen the movie?

2) [ a?
Has he come?

3) F #a?

( t d- < oC.)
c) My friends (they) have left for Hyderabad.
(
d) Tendulkar has scored thirty five centuries
so far.

x 26

vq j]-- x.)

([-\ 35 -K d[.)
e) The class has just begun.

Have you received the invitation?

4) \- RxC?
Where has she gone?

(x p viC)
f) We haven't (have not) read the report yet.

( p Jd ]--])
p[ v-h E-
I) ] --o past actions,
time stated ( JT, j L -)
Past Doing Words (came, sang, liked, knew
verbs)

[.
1) JT j L-E, L--E have + past participle (pp)/ has +

5) p [ x a[.
He has already (p-) changed two
cars.
II) have + pp/ has + pp

vi p J-T/
-o (p-[-p[) have +
pp/ has + pp [.
1) \[ x o.
I have lived here for the past/ for the last
ten years.

(p ] -[
p J-TC).
(yet = ; so far = p)
\[ -E-.
have been/ has been- N forms.
] -o.
p # p
[-Eo 'have been/
has been' L--h.
C u-
J-Q-L-.
a) He has been a
teacher of English for
the past two years.

teacher here from 2001 to 2003'

E . - verb- pres past tense

C -d N-J-.
uh A [ 'Ah
J# p--p[
be form verb -T-L? Question tag Am I/
Are I, Amn't I/ Aren't I C
--T-L?
XA o-v--]-, --[
: - p[ o o[,
C . C past E, present
ent tense, English

M. SURESAN

b) He has taught English for the past two

years.

( -x Tx C- p
.)
c) He has been an English teacher.

C - [[.
(C action) English for the

d) He has taught
past two years.

sentences

Eo [ N-

state of being
action

vo: ux [ 2001 # E.
2003 \[ - o[
uEo Tx- 'He was a

c)

( x Tx
o[.)

j[

English v p[
[[, p[ [Eo p--E
am, is, are; ox p--E
was, were --Th.
2001 # 2003 (past)
d, He was a teacher here from
2001 to 2003 d.
- uh A o-p[
'Ah past was, present is,
future will be/ shall be -T-L.

([[),
(E) L---h-o.

Aren't I L.
vo: p Tx- active voice
passive voice N?
. -u, -
Am I- not

: verb 'be' form + past participte

(PP)

C passive voice. N
forms C active. Passive voice
verb [ n -
hC.
Shops are closed on sundays.

Manmohan Singh was a Finance

(verb- are closed- are (beform) + closed

Minister

(PP), verb- passive) -

()

Manmohan Singh is Prime Minister

(vh)
Manmohan Singh will be the PM for
some time to come (future)

How about going to the movie Black?

C-- shops --[-.

- passive [. English
\
simple - C.

EN v RxC.
She has gone out just a minute ago.

sentences
just
past action time not stated
They have just gone.

]--. p[
-C.

Rx-p x.
They have gone.

x x.
C u- English G_- practice
.
1) [-\ 15 -q-- v
[.
2) Rx-\[ E--? ( How
long [)
3) p -].
4) x - h -].
5) E p viC.
6) x h C-?
7) y-p-[o ?
8) \ V # L ]-o. (since our school days [).
9) \[ E ?
10) Rx ].
Answers:
1) Tendulkar has played cricket for the past
fifteen years.
2) How long have they worked here?
3) She has not taken/ has not had tea so far.
4) They haven't (have not) written a letter to
me for the past four months.
5) The movie has just begun.
6) Have they read the book?
7) Have you ever helped me?
8) We have studied together since our school
days (since =
9) How long have you worked here?
10) They have not come so far.

#).