C s Truyen ong ien

2.5 KHI ONG ONG C DC KCH T NOI TIEP

H2.19

Khi ong bang ien tr phu mach phan ng. He thc ac tnh c cua qua trnh khi ong bang ien tr phu mach phan ng la:
m = m R + R kt + R ph Ud I k kt k kt ( I )

R + R kt + R ph U = d M k kt k kt ( I ) 2

(2.18)

H2.20

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Khi ong bang cach thay oi ien ap nguon cung cap (mach chnh lu, bo bien oi ien ap mot chieu). He thc ac tnh c cua qua trnh khi ong bang
cach thay oi ien ap nguon cap cho mach phan ng Ud la:
m = m Ud R + R kt I k kt ( I ) k kt

U R + R kt M = d k kt k kt ( I ) 2

(2.19)

H2.21

H2.22

2.6 HAM ONG C DC KCH T NOI TIEP Cac che o ham ong c mot chieu kch t noi tiep. che o ham, chieu dong ien i qua cuon kch t c thiet ke sao cho gi nguyen. Ta co: k kt = k f .I kt . (2.20)

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Neu qua trnh ham xay ra trong pham vi goc phan t th hai. Chieu dong ien cuon kch t ngc dau dong ien phan ng:
k kt = k f .I kt = k f .I
2 M = k kt .I = k f .I I =

M kf

(2.21)

Phng trnh ac tnh c co dang (chu y > 0 ; M < 0 ):

= Ud kf . M + R kf

(2.22)

Neu qua trnh ham xay ra trong pham vi goc phan t th t, chieu dong ien cuon kch t cung dau dong ien phan ng:
k kt = k f .I kt = k f .I
2 M = k kt .I = k f .I I =

M kf

(2.23)

Phng trnh ac tnh c che o ham co dang (chu y < 0; M > 0 ):

= Ud kf . M R kf

(2.24)

2.6.1 HAM TAI SINH Ham tai sinh ong c mot chieu kch t noi tiep oi hoi ieu khien c nguon ien dc co s o nguyen ly nh tren hnh ve H2.23a.

H2.23

Cuon kch t c au day sao cho gi nguyen chieu nh cu. ien ap nguon U c ieu chnh (dung mach bo bien oi ien ap mot chieu- v du bo tang ap) giam xuong nho hn gia tr sc ien ong E. Muc ch cua che o tren e am bao dong

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ien mach phan ng co chieu i ve nguon va e gi gia tr t thong khong oi khi van toc ong c (va E) giam. che o ham tai sinh, van toc ong c b giam. en mot gia tr van toc nhat nh, kha nang t kch cua ong c khong con. Dong ien kch t va moment ong c triet tieu. Luc o, ong c ch co the dng lai di tac dung cua moment can cua tai xem H2.23b.

H2.23b- ham tai sinh

2.6.2 HAM ONG NANG ong c mot chieu kch t noi tiep co the lam viec che o ham ong nang neu ta thc hien au day mach ien tr phu nh tren hnh ve H2.25a,b. e ong c co the t kch trong che o may phat, v tr au day cua ong c c thc hien sao cho dong ien qua cuon kch t co chieu khong thay oi nh trc che o ham. Khi van toc ong c giam xuong, sc ien ong E va do o dong ien, moment ham giam theo lam cham qua trnh ham. en mot gia tr ti han cr , ong c khong co kha nang t kch c na va moment ham triet tieu (xem qua trnh mo phong minh hoa H2.27). e tang cng che o ham ong nang va giam van toc ti han cr ti gia tr thap nhat, co the cat dan ien tr bang cong tac c kh hoac ieu khien ien tr ham bang bo bien oi ban dan. Co the thc hien ham ong nang bang cach chuyen mach ong c dc kch t noi tiep sang dang cau hnh kch t oc lap, chieu dong ien qua cuon kch t gi nguyen (s o H2.25b va ket qua mo phong H2.26). Moment ham ong nang tac dung en khi ong c b dng lai (w=0).

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H2.25

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H2.26

H2.27

2.6.3 HAM NGC Trng hp ao chieu nguon dc cung cap. Phan ng ong c mac vao nguon ien dc a ao chieu. Chu y, cuon kch t c au day sao cho gi nguyen chieu dong ien kch (chieu t thong). Neu thc hien ao chieu dong ien kch t, mach t b kh va lam mat ac tnh t d cua ong c va ieu nay lam mat kha nang tao moment ham khi dong ien giam xuong thap. ong c se b ham en dng lai. S o mach, ac tnh

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c c ve tren hnh H2.28a. Do ac tnh c co gia tr moment ham khac khong khi van toc ong c triet tieu, can thc hien cat ong c ra khoi nguon e tranh hien tng ong c quay theo chieu ngc lai. Qua trnh cac ai lng khi ham dng va ao chieu van toc theo cau hnh H2.28a c ve tren H2.28c. Tng t nh trng hp ham ngc cua ong c dc kch t oc lap, che o ham ngc ve mo ta c s dung thuan tien cho viec ieu khien ao chieu van toc ong c. Trng hp nguon dc khong ao chieu: xay ra khi thc hien ha tai trong ( < 0 )-H2.28b. Do s oi chieu quay cua van toc, sc ien ong E oi dau va ong c tr thanh nguon phat. Do dong ien phan ng va dong kch t khong oi dau, moment keo cua ong c duy tr theo chieu cu chong lai s tang van toc (chieu am) cho en khi xac lap v tr can bang.

H2.28

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H2.28c Ham dng va ao chieu van toc ong c bang ham ngc

2.7 IEU KHIEN VAN TOC ONG C DC KCH T NOI TIEP Phng trnh ac tnh c:
=
Ud R + R kt M k kt (k kt )2

(2.25)

Gia s mach t tuyen tnh, moment ong c dc kch t noi tiep co the xac nh theo he thc:
2 M = k kt .I = k f .I

hay I =

M kf

(2.26)

2.7.1 ieu khien van toc bang ien ap nguon dc ieu khien van toc ong c kch t noi tiep bang cach thay oi ien ap nguon dc co ham ac tnh c mo ta bi he thc:
=
Ud kf . M

R + R kt kf

(2.27)

Nguon ien ap ieu khien c co the la cac dang nguon chnh lu ieu khien hoac bo bien oi ien ap mot chieu. ac tnh c khi thay oi nguon cung cap c ve tren H2.19b.

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Do pham vi ieu khien ien ap phan ng gii han en ien ap nh mc, phng phap ieu khien nay s dung cho pham vi ieu khien van toc t zero en nh mc. 2.7.2 ieu khien van toc bang ien tr phu mach phan ng Khi moment tai khong oi th dong ien phan ng khong thay oi. Neu gi nguyen o ln nguon cung cap va them ien tr phu mac noi tiep mach phan ng, van toc ong c thay oi (giam) theo he thc:
=
Ud kf . M

R + R kt + R ph kf

(2.28)

Ham ac tnh c tren bieu dien di dang o th tren hnh H2.19a. 2.7.3 ieu khien van toc bang dong kch t Phng phap ieu khien van toc bang cach thay oi dong kch t co the thc hien bang hai cach: ieu khien thay oi ien tr mac song song cuon kch t (s dung contactor) hoac ieu khien linh kien ban dan mac song song vi cuon kch t. ac tnh c cua hai phng phap thc hien nay co dang tng t nhau. iem khac biec la do ieu khien bang linh kien ban dan, ac tnh lam viec cua trng hp sau phu mot vung lam viec lien tuc. Diode mac oi song vi cuon kch t co tac dung khong cho phep dong kch t b ngat ot ngot va do o han che gai qua ien ap xuat hien tren khoa ban dan. Khi khoa ong, no dan dong ien phan ng va khi ngat no dong ien dan qua cuon kch t. Thay oi t so ong se ieu khien o ln dong ien qua cuon kch t.

H2.29 Gia s dong ien qua cuon kch t c thiet lap theo t so =
I kt = .I

I kt I

. Ta co: (2.29) (2.30)

Moment ong c:
2 M = k kt .I = k f .I kt .I = k f ..I u

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Thay the cac he thc nay vao bieu thc ac tnh c va rut gon, ta thu c:
= Ud .k f . M R kt + Ru kf

(2.31)

Trng hp s dung ien tr phu mac song song vi cuon kch t, ta co: R kt .I kt = R ph .( I I kt ) = R ph .( I .I ) = R ph .I (1 ) (2.22)
R ph = R kt .I kt R . = kt I (1 ) (1 )

(2.23)

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