21 ,

.
,
,
:
, ,
, , ,
,
.
,

, ,
, .


high art low art, .
.

:
,
.
,

, .

 ,
,

,
.

Marvel Comics,
Fantastic
Four (1961-) Stan Lee
() Jack Kirby (),



4 : , ,
, .

 Marvel Comics
,

.
Fantastic Four
,
,
, Spider-Man
(1962-) Stan Lee Steve Ditko

,
:

,
, ,
.

 Marvel,

,

- alter ego
,
. ,
,
,
. .
20 ,

. Hulk (1962)
,

. ,

.


X-Men
(1963)

,

,

.

,

.
(
),

.

 Marvel

. Daredevil
(1964-) , Iron Man (1962-)
, Thor (1962-)
alter ego , , Dr
Strange (1963-),
.

 Lee Kirby

(,
,

, )
.
-


. Marvel Comics

(Peter Parker, Reed
Richards, Matt Murdock, Scott
Summers, Bruce Banner, )
(This Man, This
Monster). ,
Spider-Man,

Thor , Silver
Surfer Galactus
,

 Lee
. ,
,
. (
, ,
Spider-Man
.) ,
.
,
. ,
.



,
.

,
.

(
),

,


.
,

,
Marvel Comics
.
,
.

 ,
Kirby
Lee
, (

2
,
).

,
(
,

)
, Silver Surfer,

1960,
.

 4 (# 9,
1962)

Marvel
,
Marvel
Universe: ,

,
,

,
.
-
, Marvel

,
.
Lee Kirby
,
tabula rasa
.



Marvel,

, ,
,
.
Fantastic Four,
1965,
/

.

 1940,
Lee Kirby
.
. Hulk, Fantastic Four
, - .
, , Hulk
Thing .

 Lee ,
.
, .
, Fantastic Four X-Men,
. ,
1963, Hulk, Iron Man, Thor, Ant Man Wasp
Avengers.

-, Marvel ,
,
. Sub-Mariner, Marvel
1940, ,

.

 Captain America Joe Simon

Jack Kirby Marvel
Comics 1940
Avengers 1964, Lee Kirby
,

1940
1960.
,
Captain America

,
1960s.

 Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D (1965-), James Bond,

(gadgets, high-tech ,
) Marvel Universe.
: Fury
Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos (1963-)
Howard The Duck (1974-), ,
Marvel Universe - .

 ,
. ,
Marvel Universe Robert E. Howard
(Conan the Barbarian, 1970), Bram Stoker (Tomb of Dracula, 1972),
Stanley Kubrick (2001: A Space Odyssey, 1976).

 Marvel
Universe .
(
. . blaxploitation)
.

 Marvel Universe ,
.
,
. ,
.


Marvel Comics ( , ..),
,
. , ,
Marvel Universe:
.

 Lee Kirby,


.
,

:
, , ,
, ,
.
,
, ,
,
.

 ,

( : Marvel
). . Marvel
Comics
videogames, . . RPG (roleplaying games) .





, Marcel Proust
John Galsworthy.
,

, Isaac Asimov
Michael Moorcock,

 ,
(spin-off),
Bionic Woman ( Six Million Dollar Man)
Colbys ( Dynasty), . . The Next
Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager Enterprise (
Star Trek)

 1990 ,
spin-off

.

.

,
.

Angel

Buffy the Vampire Slayer,

,
.


-Files,
spin-off (The Lone Gunmen),

Millennium
,

 ,
FBI , The
Springfield Files,
The Simpsons, -.

 The Simpsons
. ,
, ,
,
. pop , The
Simpsons pop
. The Simpsons, .

 ,

.

,
.
The Sandman (1989-1996)

.

,

,


.
,


,
.

The Sandman,

. : ,
, , , ,
, ,

 , Dave McKean,
multimedia, , ,
, graphic design,
. , McKean
,
.
, .

 ,
, ,

 , .
The Sandman, , :
( DC Comics,
), Neil Gaiman
- ,
. ,
,
Superman. ,
,

.


.
Gaiman

, ,
,
.
,



. ,

( ),

.
,

,

.

 The Sandman
. ,
,
, .


. , , ,
- .

.


. , ,
(
). :
(
,
), (
). -,
, ,
. ,

, .

 ,
,
.



, ,


.


,

,

.

 , ,
, .
: ,
. ,
,
, body art.
,
, :

.
,
. , (
, , .) ,
.

 The Sandman
, .

,
.
,
,


.

:

, .

,

,

,

, ,
, .
, .


The Sandman ,
Chaucer.
-
, .
,
,
.

 .
, , ,
, ,
. .
, ,

. , ,
,
-
, ...
, The Sandman,
DC Comics.
, ,
Italo Calvino Alain Robbe-Grillet.

 , Alan Moore,
:
,

,
.... ,
. , -
* , , , , +
,

..... ,
....
....
.

. ,
.

. ,
. ,
, , ,
.

 Moore


The League of Extraordinary
Gentlemen (1999-), Kevin
ONeill,

,
,
,

.


(
),
20.000
, ( .
. ),

,
. , o
Moore

,

( )

,


1950,

.



,
(
)




(
).
,
-
,


,




. ..




( ),


.



.

,
,
. League of Extraordinary Gentlemen

copyright.
X-Files Millennium
Simpsons
20th Century
Fox. spin-off,
.

.




-
,
,
.