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Download link:
Part-1 http://www.scribd.com/doc/72775959/Smritir-Shohor-RAJBARI
Part-2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/..........................

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17 |

18 |

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H mgq GLvb Kvb gvBbi zjI cwZv cvqwb| Zuviv wenxb wQjb bv|

`vivMv I Mr. ALLEN bvg GK BsiR wbnZ nq| aviYv Kiv hvq, H

mggbv ezZi eb Mwf~Z nZ ekx mgq jvMjv bv| Zuviv mgvRi

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(1861-1930) wkeP` we`vbe (1860-1913) cmb Kzgvi e`vcvavq,

cqwQj wKbv Zvi nw`m cvIqv hvq bv| Ze AZxZ A`kgvb njI

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19 |

20 |

Rjai mb viv cPvwiZ nqQ aviYv Kiv hZ cvi| weklZt wZwb

KiYvgqx cmUvi Aevb Avi ^vwaKvixi Kvb m~ cvIqv hvq

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21 |

Avng` ivRv, Gg,G, gvgb evPz gvvi, `evZx PeZx, AavcK ki

22 |

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4. iseis 1982 mvj cKvk Kib Avwgbyj Bmjvg 1982 mvj|

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1973 mvji 14B Gwcj _K gnKzgv Z_ Awdmvi gbRyi Avng`

Lvbi mv`bvq mvwnZ I mvswZK welqK cvwK A^lv| gyw`Z nZv
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8. ivRevox cwZe`b, evey nK 1985-1993|
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10. Zvib gvgy`yj Bmjvg 1989|

byij Bmjvg, AvwRRyi ingvb, Kvgivgvb Payix,iIkb Dj Bmjvg,

11. wcqgyL Beivwng ivbv 1990|

mvB`yi ingvb, dRjyj nK Payix cgyL| GZ mwbewkZ nqQ KweZv,

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mv`bvq cKvwkZ nq|
23 |

14. ivRevox K Lvb gvt Rij nK, 1997|

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19. mvnmx, mswZ welqK cwKv Alv cKvwkZ nqQ 7&B g 1973
mvj|
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21| Muvqi WvK mvvwnK 1967 mvj cKvk cqQ|
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cKvwkZ nq 2010 mvj|
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ivRevox _K Dbwesk kZvxi c_g fvM, Ggb GKUv Z_ dwi`cyi
MRwUqvi wjwce AvQ Sangsar and Rajbari Patrika both
weekly Journals appeared in the early part of the 19th
24 |

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m nb Zv`i wbDRi KvVvgv mvRvZ mvnvh KiZb KvRx BKevj

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ijwenxb mgq mvc| evsjvq 1818 mvji AvM Kvb msev`c ev

2| gvneye Avng` ev`kv t The Daily Morning News-1959.

mvgwqKx cKvwkZ nq bvB| Ze Early part of the 19 Century

3| wke`bv_ Kzy t 1960-64 `wbK msev`|

mgqKvjUv hw` 1901-1925 mvji gaeZx aviYvq bqv hvq ZvnjB

4| KvRx BKevj dviK t 1965 The Daily Morning News, The

Z_Uv MnYhvMZv cvq| Avi GB mgqKvj ivRevoxZ cwKv welqK

Daily Observer.

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6| mvl mvnv t 1968-69| `wbK msev`|

cwKv bvg `yBUv mvvwnK ivRevox _K cKvwkZ nqQ|

7| kvgmyj Avjg eivwU t 1970 `wbK msMvg|

th

cvskvi gvQcvov BDwbqbi gNbv Mvgi B`yf~lb miKvi

nwjwLZ gvwmK cwievi mv`b I cKvk KiQb 1925 mvj|
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8| Avyj Mdzi t 1968|

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10| gvt mvbvDjvn t 1972 `wbK evsjvi evYx|

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11| Avym meyi t 1974|

wPUvMvs gji MvWfvb _K Mvqvj` ch Pj Mvox _K Qyo

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djZb ij jvBbi avi AcviZ MvnKi Dk| KLbB ekx mgq

13| Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv` t 1972 `wbK msMvg|

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14| myfvl wms t `wbK AvIqvR|

hZ| gvwmK cwKv ewki fvMB AvmZv WvKhvM| fviZ fvM nj XvKv

15| G,wU,Gg iwdKDwb 1975 t evsjv`k iwWI|

_K h msev`c AvmZv Avgiv nvZ cZvg GKw`b ci Avi ZvZ

16| kvgj Kzgvi gRyg`vi t 1972 `wbK BdvK|

jLvI _vKZv XvKv h ZvwiL gd^j Zvi GKw`b GwMq|

17| KjvY wg t 1968 The Daily Observer.

1956 mvj KgiW Av fivR Rj _K Qvov cq Avmb

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25 |

26 |

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27 |

Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`

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28 |

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gvt knx`yj Bmjvg wniY

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2| AkvK wmbnv t vd wicvUvi, `wbK BdvK
3| Avyj ivvK t dUv mvsevw`K, `wbK msMvg
29 |

30 |

gymjgvbi mv`bvq cv_wgK hyM cKvwkZ cwKv t

evsjv fvlvq cKvwkZ msev`ci myPbv

1. mgvPvi ivR` mfv KjKvZv _K cKvwkZ nq gvt kL Avjxg~jvi

mv`bvq 7B gvP 1831 mvj|

1. cv`x Kix mvne Avi gvkgvb mvne kxivgcyi wgkbvix cm _K

Qvwcq mgvPvi `cb bvg h msev`c cKvk KiwQjb 1818 mvj

2. gt iRe Avjx cKvk Kib RM`yxcK fvi 1846 mvj|

mUvB evsjv fvlvq cKvwkZ c_g msev`c|

3. 1860 mvj _K 1865 mvj ch cKvwkZ nqwQj `vij

mvjZvbvZ D`yMvBW Rvb Rgm` `yiexb|

2. gvwmK w`K`kb cwKvUvI ciciB cKvwkZ nq|

3. Gi 1 mvn ci MvwKkvi fvhi mv`bvq cKvwkZ nq evsjv
MRU|

4. Avyj nvwg` Lvb cKvk Kib, Avng`x 1888 mvj|

5. dwi`cyi `cb cKvwkZ nq 1861 mvj mv`bv KiZb gt Avj
n`v` Lvb|

4. 1821 mvj m^v` Kgy`x|

5. H GKB mgq mgvPvi Pw`Kv cKvwkZ nqQ|

6. gyx wiqvRDwb Gi mv`bvq 1889 mvj myavKi 1891 mvj

Bmjvg cPvi GB GKB mgq cKvk Kib, bemyavKi|

6. 1823 mvj cKvwkZ nqQ m^v` wZwgi bvkK|

7. 1829 mvji 28k Rvbyqvix Kwe Bki I Z`xq AbyR ivgMvcvj
i mv`bvq cKvk cvq msev` cfvKi|

7. 1899 mvj cPvi mv`bv I cKvk KiQb Wv. gqRDwb|

8. Kwe gvRvj nK jnix cKvk Kib 1900 mvj|

8. 1839 mvj Zevwabx|

9. bebyi mq` Gg`v` Avjx cKvk Kib 1903 mvj|

9. Gjv QvovI 1830 mvj _K 1840 mvji gvS Aviv msev`c

10. gvwmK kIMvZ gvt ewmi Dwbi mv`bvq 1918 mvj cKvwkZ
nq|

cKvwkZ nqQ| (K) cvw_wjb (L) ngcvivm (M) B Bwqvb widigvi (N) GbKvivi (O) vbblY|

11. Kwe Mvjvg gvdv I GqvKze Avjx Payixi h_ mv`bvq 1918

mvj mvwnwZK cKvwkZ nqQ|

10. ewg P` Pvcvavq 1872 mvj cKvk Kib e`kb| wZwb

P`kLi, KKvi DBj, ivavivbx, `yMk bw`bx, Kcvj Kzjv,

12. gvwmK gvnv`x cKvk Kib gIjvbv AvKivg Lvb|

hyMjvixq, gbvwjbx, mxZvivg, `ex QayivYx, B`iv, wele, iRbx,

Avb`gV, ivRwmsn cfwZ M iPbv KiQb|
11. GB mgqKvj wn`y cwUqU, cPvi, eevYx msev`c cKvk cqQ|

31 |

32 |

Kvvj nwiYv_ gRyg`vi

cvjK Avi bxj isqi m~wZ Kvcoi RgRgvU eemv| BsiR emwZI ek
eo AvKvii| vbxq mvaviY gvbyl `ybxwZM ckvmb, Rwg`vii bvbvwea

nwibv_ gRyg`vi cvskv, evwjqvKvw` I Kzwqv _vbv wgj MwVZ

Kifvi, bxjKi mvne`i AZvPvi DrcxoY, DkLj hyev kYxi AvPiY

cvebv Rjvi gnKzgv KzgviLvwj kni evsjv 1240 mvji 5B kveY

wbw`Z| cwZKvi Kivi Kvb DcvqiI bvB| KvOvj nwibv_ gRyg`vi

gvZveK BsiwR 1833 mvji AvM gvmi 16 ZvwiL RbMnY Kib|

GB mKj bvq bxwZ weewRZ KgKvi msev` cKvki wbwg evsjv

Zuvi DZb Ag cyil MiP`, AwLj P`, M`vivg, gyKz`ivg, Kzwenvix,

1270Bs 1863 mvj nvZ wjL cwZev`x Kki MvgevZv, cKvwkKv cKvk

ivgP`, ivRwKkvi Zrcy wcZv njai gRyg`vi I gvZv Kgwjbx `ex| GK

Kib| cvebvi Rjv ckvmK wg. nvgd wQjb `ybxwZi ckq`vZv| gvMZ

eQi eqtg KvjB gvZweqvM NU| wcZv x weqvM-ev_vq wech I

MvgevZvq mKj cKvi Awbqg cKvwkZ nZ _vKvq weevb gZvai

mvb, welq-Avkq m^ m~Y wbn nq cob| cuvP eQii gv_vq

mKjB nwiYv_i cwZ z| MvgevZv cKvwkKvq cKvk bv Kivi kZ

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KvOvjK Rwg`vix I Avw_K mnvqZv `evi cve cvwVq cjy Kivi Pv

wcZvgnxi Avkq Zuvi Abi Askx nq, KLbv cwZekxi cvv jeY,

wedj nIqvq GBme `ybxwZcivqY Avgjv, cRvcxobKvix, Rwg`vi, DrcxoK

KLbv KuvPv Rvwgii cvZv A_ev Pxgci cmv` GB wQj Zuvi zwbew

KzwVqvj KvOvji wei v I jvwVqvj jwjq `q| KvOvj ez dwKi

wbeviYi GKgv Dcvq| mwZKviv_B wZwb wQjb Kvvj nwibv_|

jvjb kvn Zuvi wkleM wbq wbR nvZ jvwV ai GB me v I jvwVqvj`i

Mvgi i gnvkqi cvVvkvjvq I Kab gyLvcvavq cwZwZ

we`vjq mvgvbB wkvjvfi myhvM cvb| cvV cyK ev zji wdm `evi
mvg_ bv _vKvq mUvI e nq hvq| cKZ wkvjvfi myhvM cqwQjb

AvQvgZ kvqv KiwQjb| KvOvji jLbxi gvagB gigx mvaK dwKi

jvjb kvni msev` mvaviY cKvk cvq| cieZxKvj jvjb KvOvj
nwibv_i wbevmI AvmZb| fvei wewbgqI nqQ `yRb|

evag cPvii Dk AvMZ AvPvh `qvj Puv` wkivgbxi mvnPh Gm|

MvgevZv cKvwkKv 1270-1272 c_g `yB eQi nvZ wjL Ges 1864

wZwb wQjb AvRb mZi cyRvix| vbxq gnvRbi `vKvb KgiZ Aevq

Bs evs 1272 mvj MovB mZz wbgvY kl nj ij hvMvhvM mnR nq

Zvi LvZKi bvg evwK LvZvq ekx Ki jLvi Av`k cvjb Ame vb

hvIqvq KjKvZvi wMixk P` we`viZ cm _K Qvcv nZ _vK cvwK|

Ki mB `yw`bi mgq Kg Bdv w`q Pj Avmb| wnmve ` nIqvq

KzgviLvwjZ Gg,Gb cm evs 1280 cwZv nj mvvwnK wbqwgZ cKvk

wnmve iKi PvKzix cvb bxjKzwV mvnei mivq| KzwVqvj`i

cZ _vK| Bs 1881 mvji mgqKvj FYM I KvOvj nwiYv_i

cRvcxobi mnvqZvKvix wnmve wbRK MY Ki weeKi Zvobvq m

AmyZvq MvgevZv e nIqvq Dcg nq| kx Rjai mb H mgq

KgI cwiZvM Ki AwbwZ Rxeb wdi AvmZ waveva Kib wb|

Mvqvj` zj wkKZvq wbhy| cwZ kwbevi wZwb KzgviLvwj wMq

H mgq KzgviLvwjZ AakZvwaK bxj KzwVqvj mvne`i cavb

MvgevZvi mv`bvq mnvqZv KiZb| KvOvj wkl Aq Kzgvi g

Kvhvjq, Rwg`vi`i mivLvbv, BsiR gwnjv`i wcq nvowMj cvwLi

(1861-1930) cdzj Mvcvavq, cmb e`vcvavq, wkeP` we`vbe

33 |

34 |

(1860-1913) `xb` Kzgvi ivq (1869-1943) Gu`i cPvZ wKQyw`b

cwKvwU cKvk cZ _vK| Aekl evsjv 1292 mvji Avwkb kl msLv

cKvwkZ nq P~ovfve e nq hvq| KvOvj M`, bvUK, Mvb BZvw`

gxi gkvid nvmb

wgwjq 40 Lvbv M iPbv I cKvk KiQb| Zuvi AvZRxebxg~jK WvBix 8

L cvq `yB nvRvi cvq wjwLZ A`vewa cKvwkZ nqwb| cKvk evav
AvQ ej eR`bv_ e`vcv`vq Zuvi KvOvj RxebxZ DjL KiQb|

gxi gkvid nvmb, KvOvj nwiYv_ gRyg`vii mbab gxi gkvid

egyLx cwZfvi AwaKvix KvOvji mvwba Gm cieZxKvj ^bvg

nvmb Kzwqvi Mib`x cv jvwnoxcvovq Bs 13/11/1847 (gZz

LvZ nqQb gxi gkvid nvmb (1844-1912) Rjai mb (1860-

19/12/1912) mvj RbMnY Kib| Zuvi DZb Ag cyil mq` mv`yjv

1939) Aq Kzgvi gq Bs (1861-1930) cdzj Mvcvavq, cmb

evM`v` _K gyNj mgvU AvIiRei kvmbvgj evwjqvKv`xi mKvov

e`vcvavq, wkeP` we`vbe (1860-1930) `xb` Kzgvi ivq cgyL|

Mvg kvn cvnjvqvbi Mn Avkq bb I Zuvi KbvK weevn Kib| Zuviv

wbtm^j KvOvj nwibv_ 13B Rvbyqvix 1854 mvj GKUv cvVkvjv

vcb Kib| Px gc cwZ kwbevi weKj cVb mwgwZ Mo cyivZb

Avw`Z mq` eskxq njI mgvU c` gxi LZveB mgwaK cwmw jvf
Kib|

msev`c cyK BZvw` cVb I weklY Ki mvwnZi evZveiY mw Kib|

gxi gkvidi wcZv gxi gvqvg nvmb c`g`xi wbevm ZvM Ki

bk we`vjq vcb Ki AeZwbK wkKi `vwqZI cvjb KiQb|

Kzwqvi jvwnoxcvov wbevmx gyx n`vqZzjvi GKgv Kbv `jZb bQvK

gq`i wkv cmvi wZwb GKUv Mvjm zjI cwZv Ki wbRB

weevn Kib I GLvbB wZ nb| gxii Abvb vZv gxi gvnZkvg, gxi

wkwKZvi `vwqZ cvjb KiZb| GK gnKzgvaxb nIqvq cvskvi mv_

gvKviig I gxi eRjvj nvmb, GKgv fMx kvgmybQv eMg|

KzgviLvwji hvMmy Mfxi Avi e AvM _KB| m KviY KvOvji c`v

gxii nvZ Lwo 1851 mvj 4 eQi 4 gvm 4w`b eqm gyx

AbymiY KiB cKvkbvq cvskviI mgw nqQ| KvOvj nwiYv_ gRyg`vi

Rwgiwbi nvZ cvkeZx Rqbvev` Mvg RMgvnb b`xi cvVkvjvq wkvi

16B Gwcj 1896 mvj gv 63 eQi eqm Bnavg ZvM Kib|

i| Kzwqv I c`g`xZ covbv kl KbMi KjwRqU zj cg

KvOvji Dc`k AZ mv`vgvVv K_v-

kYxZ fwZ nb| G chB Zuvi cvwZvwbK wkvi mgvw|

weevwnZ Rxeb wZwb myLx wQjb bv| Kb ci ZKZvq my`ix QvU

evS mvRv
Pjv mvRv

evb jwZdbK `wLq Zvi eo evb KzwUj ^fvei AvwRRb bvnvii mv_
weq `b| GUvB Zuvi ggcxovi AbZg KviY| AvwRRb bQvi Mf Zuvi
`yB cy I GK Kbvi Rb nq| wZwb wZxq `vi cwiMn Kib my`ix I
gvwRZ iwP mbv Kzjmyg eMgK 1878 mvj| YeZx Kzjmyg eMg

35 |

36 |

evsjv`ki c_g gymwjg gwnjv whwb wbqwgZ ivRbvgPv msiY KiZb|

AvgY Rvbvj KvOvj Rvbvb Mvb MvBZ Avcw bvB wK GKgv `jfy

wZxq weevn Akvw ew cvIqvq gxi AvwRRbK cwiZvM Kib|

m`m Qvov cvb ZvgvK LvIqvI Ab wbwl| gxi ZrYvr Mvb wjL

KjKvZvi ivgcvY i msev` cfvKi I Kzgvi Lvwji KvOvj nwiYv_

wdwKi `jfy m`m nq hvb| Mvbi kl csw

gRyg`vii MvgevZv cKvwkKvq wbqwgZ msev` cKvk KiZb| GLvbB

RMZi Kvi whwb

Zuvi msevw`KZvi I cKvkbvi mv_ mswkZvi m~cvZ|

`qvi Lwb

gxii vZvMY Mjx KjRi wkv_x _vKvKvj Zuv`i mnvqZvq gxi

wZwb gkvi fimv fe|

Zuvi c_gv xi wZZ gvwmK AvwRRb bnvi cKvk Kib PzPzov _K|
gxii mv`bvq wZxq cwKv wnZKix 1297 evsjv mvj KzgviLvwji
g_yivbv_ cm _K gyw`Z nq Kzwqv jvwnoxcvov _K cKvk cqQ
evsjv 1299 mvj ch| Rwg`vix Kgcvk UvvBj `j`yqvi Mj gxi

DjL, gxi Zuvi wbR bvg MiZUevmx gkv DjL KiZb| 1911
mvji 19k wWm^i gxi gkvid nvmb Bnavg ZvM Kib I
evwjqvKvw`i c`g`xZ mgvwnZ AvQb|

1300 mvj ch cKvk KiQb `j`yqvi _K| ewea weZK RwoZ nq

gxi gkvid nvmbi wnZKix cwKvi mn-mv`K wnme Lye ^

wZwb wdi Avmb jvwnoxcvovq I 1306 mvj _K cybtcKvk KiZ

mgqi Rb gvt iIkb Avjx Payix hy wQjb| gxi gkvid nvmbi

_vKb| 1307 mvj Gi cKvkbv P~ovfve e nq hvq|

ciYv cq 1898 mvj evsjv fvlvq c_g mvwnZ cwKv Kvwnbyi cKvk

KvOvj nwibv_ gxiK Kwb vZvi bvq mn KiZb| Zuvi mvwba

cqB gxii mvwnZ, cKvkbvq DiY| Dcbvm, bvUK, KweZv, ce
mvwnZi cwZwU kvLvq gxi Zuvi cwZfvi ^vi iLQb| evsjvq gjy`
kixd Zuvi gymjgvb`i c_g gnwdji mgwMZ cwVZ M| megvU
cKvwkZ Mi msLv cuwPk| Zba Kvievjvi wbgg nZvKvi eYbvg~jK
M welv` wmz evsjv fvlvq mevwaK cwVZ cyK| wn`xZI Gi Abyev`
KiQb ebx gvae evRcqx| Zvi Dcbvm Mv Rxeb 1889 mvj
cKvwkZ nj `kevcx Avjvobi mw Ki| wn`y mc`vqi mg_b
cjI gymjgvbiv ZuvK gvgjvq RwoZ Kib|
gxii wei e ZvjvKi dZvqv I gyiZv` Nvlbv Kiv nq| KvOvj
nwiYv_K gagwY Ki evs 1287 mvj wdwKi Puv` dwKii `j MwVZ nq|
mviv evsjv, Avmvg gvZvqviv| gxi wbR evwoZ GB `jK Mvbi Rb
37 |

Kib| KzgviLvwji Gg,Gb, cm _K GUv Qvcv nZv| gvU GMvi eQi

GUv cPvwiZ nqQ| cvskvi gvovWvx Mvg 1874 mvji 11B g ivR
evi Zuvi Rb nq| wcZvi bvg GbvqZ Avjx Payix gvZvi bvg mvbvZzb
bQv| wcZv cywjk Awdmvi| wZb cy I GK Kbvi RbK| iIkb Avjx
Payix, gag vZv AvIjv` Avjx Payix I Kwb GqvKze Avjx Payix|
wZwb cvskvi Gg,B zj _K gvBbi cvk Ki ivRevox ivRv m~hKzgvi
BbwwUDkb-G covbv Kib| KvQvKvwQ KjR bv _vKvq cej AvMn _vKv
mI DPZi wkv jvf _K ewZ nb| exq AenwjZ, AwkwZ
gymjgvb`i ga wkvi wevi gvbm wZwb gvwmK Kvwnbyi mv`bv I
cKvk Kib| Z`xq AbyR gvt GqvKze Avjx Payix 25g Avei 1886
mvj RbMnY Kib| cvskv Gg,B zj cvV kl wZwbI ivRevox
Avi,Gm,K BbwwUkb- G fwZ nb| c_g wefvM gvwUK cvk Ki
38 |

KjKvZv cwmWx KjR covbv Kib| Avw_K AbUb we,G cixv

mvnei gvwmK gvn`x I mIMvZ cwKvi mv_ hy nqwQjb| cwZfv

`Iqv me nq bvB| Avw_K KviYB wZwb PUMvgi RviIqviM nvBzj

cKvki AvMB 1931 mvji AvM gvm Zuvi gZz nq|

wkKZvq hvM `b 1920 mvj| GB zj mvwnwZK I jLK Wv. jyrdi

ingvb wkKZvq wbhy wQjb| Zuvi iwPZ Dcbvm ivqnvbv ZLb cKvwkZ
nqQ| Kwe Mvjvg gvdviI LvwZ Qv gnj| W. KvRx gvZvnvi
nvmb I 15 w`bi Rb GB zj nW gvvi wnme hvM w`qwQjb|
Payix vZqi mgvR PZbv I gymwjg RvMiYi cPvq wZwb gy nb|
iIkb Avjxi Avnevb Avyj Kwig mvwnZ wekvi`, kL dRjyj Kwig,
mq` Gg`v` Avjx, Kwe KvqKvev` Aviv AbKB mvwnZ mevq
AvZwbqvM Kib| 1926 mvj GqvKze Avjx Payix exq gymwjg mvwnZ
mwgwZi mv`Ki `vwqZ cvjb Kib| Kwe Mvjvg gvdvi mv_ hyM
mv`bvq mvwnwZK bvg GKUv cwKv cKvk Kib| GqvKze Avjx Payix
iwPZ agi Kvwnbx cKvwkZ nq 1911 mvj, byibex 1918 mvj kvwaviv,
cKvwkZ nq 1922 mvj gvbe gyKzU 1926|

Lv`Kvi bwRi Dwb Avng` cvskvq AKzZvfq mvsevw`K I

mgvRmeK| Kgvc`k UvsMvBji `j`yqvi Rwg`vii bvqei PvKzix
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NwbZv nq| ZuviB ciYv cq wZwb mgvRmev, cwKv cKvkbvq Dy
nb| Aea jMxKvix gnvRb, vbxq DrcxoK Rwg`vi, `ybxwZM miKvix
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`ytmgqi w`b wZwb Abvq AwePvii wei iL `uvovjb| GRb wZwb
GBme jMxKvix gnvRb, `ybxwZevR ivR KgPvix mKji weivMfvRb nb|
ZviB djkwZZ Zuvi cKvwkZ cwZev`x Kki mvvwnK Lv, KvOvj I
ivqZ cKvk e KiZ eva nb| cwKvjv cKvwkZ nqwQj h_vg
1922, 1925 I 1930 mvj| Zvi PZz_ mvvwnK LvZK 21k Ryb
1939 mvj c_g cKvwkZ nq| cwZ evi 1958 mvj ch gvU 19

wPiKzgvi GqvKze Avjx wQjb hv ivMvv| `vwi` cxwoZ `ytmgq

eQi Kvj ch GUv cKvk nqQ| H eQiB 30 k Ryb Zuvi gZzZ

ZrKvjxb cavbgx G.K.Gg. dRjyj nK gvwmK cuwPk UvKv mvwnZ fvZv

cKvkbv e nh hvq| gvnv` bwRi Dwb Avng` 1871 mvj cvskvi

gyi Kib| ewMZ fve wcwcvj Beivwng Luv. W. gvnv`

fjvevwoqv Mvg mvwbZ ^Qj GK cwievi RbMnY Kib| wcZv

knx`yjjv.Avyj IqvR` Avi GK mgqi wkK I mnKgx jvKbv_

Lv`Kvi bvwQi Dwb wbvevb agcivqb ew dzidziv kixdi cxii

fvPvh mvnvh KiQb|

Lwjdv gbvbxq nq wbRI cxiZ jvf Kib| wcZv bvwQi Dwbi

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cixvq DxY nq DPZi zj wkv jvfi myhvM wZwb cvb bvB| mgvR
mevi eZ wbq me`vB Mixe, KvOvj ivqZ, LvZK mywePvi cZvkx mvaviY
gvbyli cvk _KQb| G KviY AbKi weivMi KviY njI GB me
cxwoZ gvbyli GKvB Avcb wQjb| ^xq hvMZvq GKvavi Kzwo eQi
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39 |

40 |

meUvB LvqvZ nq| fvbyavqx mKji KvQB mvnvh cv_bv KiQb|

RvZxq AavcK W. KvRx gvZvnvi nvmb

cvwKvb MY-cwil`i xKvi Rbve ZwgRDwb LvbI Ave`b KiQb

eemvqx PvKzixRxwe dwi`cyievmx huviv cevm AvQb Zuv`i KvQ| kl

iZMfx cvskv Z_v evOvjvi KwZ mvb KvRx gvZvnvi nvmb| Zuvi

eqm bwRi Dwb Avng` Pz cxovq `w nvwiq djb| GZ`mI wZwb

kwZwjLbi mvnvhKvixi gvag m`Kxq wjwLq wbZb I QvcvZb|

wcZv KvRx MIni Dwb Avng`i wbevm evnv`yicyi Mvg| gvZvi bvg
GwjdzbQv| gvZzjvjq KzgviLvwji jxcyi Mvg 1897 mvji 30 k RyjvB
wZwb RbMnY Kib| 1991 mvj XvKv wekwe`vjq _K we,G, Abvm I
1921 mvj GgG cvk Kib| 1950 mvj wcGBPwW jvf Kib| 1921
mvj _K 1975 mvj ch XvKv wekwe`vjq Aavcbvq wbhy wQjb|
1975 mvj RvZxq AavcK NvwlZ nb|
1926 mvj KjKvZvi exq mvwnZ mwgwZi AbyKiY XvKv
wekwe`vjqi Kwe Avyj Kv`i, mvwnZiZ Avyj gwR`, mvgmyj `v
Avym mvjvg Qv I wkKi mg^q Mo IV gymwjg mvwnZ mgvR|
KvRx gvZvnvi nvmb gymwjg mvwnZ mgvRi gyLc wkLvi mv_ m
_KQb 1935 mvj ch mv`bvi `vwqZ| wkLvZB Zuvi ce Qvcv
nqQ| mxZ PPvq gymjgvb I eywi gyw| cieZxKvj wZwb `kbkv I
wZK_v wbq ek KqKwU cyK iPbv KiQb| Zba wZK_v,
Kzwqvi wZK_v, Avgvi Qjejv, Avgvi Rxeb `kbi Afy`q I
gweKvk, XvKv wekwe`vjqi wZ cavb| Zuvi iPbvi nvZ Lwo Kzwqv
nvBzj Ag kYxZ wkv MnYKvjxb mgq| wkK RvwZix` gvnb
ivqi Av`k `vgv`ii ebv kxlK ZvrwYK iPbv cwZhvMxZvq Ask
MnY I c_g vb jvf Ki cyiZ nqwQjb| wZwb evsjv GKvWgx mvwnZ
cyivi 1966 mvj, XvKv wekwe`vjq KZK wW,Gg,wm 1974 mvj,
^vaxbZv w`em cyivi 1979 mvj, bvwQiDwb ^Yc`K 1977 mvj
gyaviv mvwnZ cyivi 1980 mvj QvovI `vev Ljvqvi wnmve

41 |

42 |

AvRvwZK cyivi f~wlZ nqQb| wZwb `wi` cwiek RbMnY KijI

gt ZwgRDwb Lvb

AvPiY, gav I wkvi cwZ AvbyMZ mevP mvbbvq DbxZ nqQb|

1574 mvj ev`kv AvKeii mbvcwZ gyiv` Lvb Lvbvb w`jx _K

dZnvev` (dwi`cyi evLiM) we`vn `gb GZ`vj Avmb| Kg
mgvcbv wZwb Avi wdi hvb bvB| GLvbB wbevm Mo vqx nb| ZuviB
Aatb cyil Mvjvg imyj Lvb Gi cy ngvqZDjv Lvb, Zrcy
kixqZDjv Lvb, Zrcy Avgxi Dwb Lvb, Zrcy ZwgRDwb Lvb|
mbvcwZ gyiv` Lvb Lvbvbi bvgvbymviB Zuvi emwZ GjvKvUvi bvgKiY
nqQ LvbLvbvcyi|
ZwgRDwb Lvbi Rb nq 1889 mvji gvP gvm| ek KqKevi b`x
fvOb wcZv AvgxiDwb Lvb f~wgnxb I wbt^ nh cob| Pig `vwi`Zvi
mv_ msMvg KiB ZwgRDwb Lvb wkv Rxeb, Kg Rxeb cwZv jvf
Kib| wcZvi Zveavb wkvi i I cieZxKvj vbxq mivRgvwnbx
zj _K BsiwR wkv Kib| wkvi kZxl P` wkK`vii ciYvq
Rxeb ji w`kv cvb| KjKvZv K` _K cixv w`q gvwUK I AvB,G
c_g ce KzPwenvi wfvwiqv KjR _K wZxq ce KjKvZv wUk PvP
KjR _K 1908 mvj cvk Kib| cwmWx KjR _K BsiwRZ
Abvm wbq we, G cvk Kib 1911 mvj| wZwbB c_g dwi`cyi Rjvi
gymjgvb MvRyqU| cwmWx KjR _K Gg,G 1913 mvj Avi AvBb
cvk Kib wicb KjR _K 1914 mvj| wkv mgvcbv dwi`cyi
RRKvU AvBb eemv i Kib| GB mgq ivRbxwZZI hy nb I
fviZxq KsMmi dwi`cyi kvLvi mv`K wbevwPZ nb| gnvZv Mvxi
BsiR eRb WvK mvov w`q wbR AbyRKI BsiwR zji wkv _K ei
Ki Avbb| MdZvi nh RjLvbvq dwi`cyii Rjv ckvmK G.P.
Hogg. ICS K DV `uvwoq mjvg miKvi ejZ A^xKvi Kivq ZuvK
43 |

44 |

cKvk PveyK gvivi I `yB eQi Kvivevmi Av`k `Iqv nq| 1926 mvj

AavcK Avyj Mdzi

dwi`cyi m`i I Mvqvj` gnKzgv wbq MwVZ evsjv jwRmjwUf KvDwji

m`m wbevwPZ nb| Zuvi weivax cv_x wQjb dwi`cyii weLvZ Rwg`vi
cwievii jvj wgqv| 1937 mvj KsMm cv_x dwi`cyii gvqyb Kweii
weiI wZwb weRqx nqwQjb| Awef evsjvi wkv, ^v I Kwlwkgx
wQjb| fviZ wef nj cvwKvb MY- cwil`i xKvi wbevwPZ nb|
1954 mvj Bv`vi gxRv MY-cwil` evwZj Kij wZwb Zuvi wei gvgjv
Kib| 1962 mvj Avqye Lvbi bZzb msweavb wbevwPZ nq wZwb wZxq
evi MY-cwil`i xKvi c` AwawZ nb| Avqye Lvbi AbycwwZZ wZwb
`yB evi cvwKvbi cwmWUi `vwqZ cvjb Kib|

ivRevox _vbvi `v`cyi Mvg 1929 mvj RbMnY Kib| XvKv

wekwe`vjq _K mgvR wevb Gg,G wWMx cv nb| dwi`cyi ivR`
KjR

1948mvj _K mvvwnK `wbK cwKvi mv_ hy wQjb| 1956 mvj

`wbK AvRv`i evZv mv`K wQjb| fvlv mwbK wnmve 2005 mvj
GKzk c`Kcv nb| 1980-1989 mvj ch Bmjvgx dvDkbi cKvkbv
cwiPvjKi `vwqZ cvjb Kib| wZwb Avgvi Kvji K_v, wec-ex Igi,
kvkZ bex, AvaywbK wek I Bmjvg cfwZ Mi cYZv|

gjfx ZwgRDwb Lvb Zuvi AvZRxebxg~jK M The test of time,

daily life and days QvovI weevn ivRbxwZ I Muvqi Mvbvev `yBUv
Dcbvm iPbv KiQb| wewUk kvmbvgj cqM^i I gw`bv bvg `yUv
cwKv KiQb| ivRevoxi cvkeZx Mvg Pibvivqbcyii evwm`v Wv. ewmi
Dwb mvnei Kbv iveqv eMgK weevn Kib| Zuvi `yB Kbv I x
GLvbB mgvwnZ AvQb| 15B AvM 1963 mvj wZwb kl wbtkvm ZvM
Kib|

45 |

I XvKvi Avey Ri wMdvix KjR Aavcbv Kib| Qvvevq

46 |

cdmi gwZqi ingvb

gIjvbv gvnv` AvKivg Lvb

gIjvbv gvnv` AvKivg Lvb evsjv 24k R 1275 mvj ivR

jLK, MelK, cdmi gwZqi ingvb 1947 mvji 30k RyjvB

evi BsiwR 1868 mvj RbMnY Kib| KjKvZvi Avjxqv gv`vmvq

ivRevox Rjvi evwjqvKv`x _vbvi bvoqv BDwbqbi wejgvjv Mvg

1896 mvj fwZ nb I 1901 mvj wkvi mgvw nq| gIjvbv Avyj

RbMnY Kib| zji wkvKvjxb mgq _K gavex Qv wnme cwiwPZ|

LvjKi cwZwZ gvnv`x AvLevi-G ckvMZ mvsevw`KZvi m~cvZ|

1963 mvj bvoqv wjqvKZ Avjx wZ we`vjq _K c_g wefvM

c_g mv`bv Kib mvvwnK Avnj nvw`m| 1901 mvj mec_g

Gm,Gm,wm cvk Ki ivRevox miKvix KjR fwZ nb| 1969 mvj XvKv

gvwmK gvnv`x cKvk Kib| mn-mv`Ki `vwqZ wQjb, gIjvbv

wekwe`vjq _K A_bxwZZ mvZKi wWMx cv nb| ivRevox miKvix

nvweeyi ingvb mvwnZ iZ| 1902 _K gvwmK gvnv`x cKvwkZ nq|

KjR, kixqZcyi miKvix KjR I dwi`cyi ivR` miKvix KjR

gIjvbv AvKivg Lvb I gwbivgvb hywev`xi hyM mv`bvq gvwmK Avj-

A_bxwZ wefvMi cavb wnmve 2004 mvj Aemi wbqQb| mdj wkK

Bmjvg Qq eQi cKvwkZ nq| 1920 mvj cKvk Kib D`y fvlvq `wbK

wnme wZbevi k KjR wkKi ghv`v jvf Kib|

Rvgvbv GUv Pvi eQi Kvj cKvk cqQ| 1921 mvj `wbK meK,
Rvgvbv, gvnv`x, wZbUv cwKv mv`bv KiQb GK mv_| Kvivi
nqQb AMmi ce wjL| 1927 mvj cybivq gvwmK gvnv`x cKvk
KiZ i Kib| 1936 mvj `wbK AvRv` cKvk Kib| iPbv Kib,
KvivMvii mIMvZ, Zvdmxij KviAvb, gvdv Pwi, mgmv I mvgvavb,
gvdv Pwii ewk, gvmjg ei mvgvwRK ewk, evBeji wb`k
cPwjZ ag, cvwKvb ebvg wgk I ^Z wbevPb| wZwb 1913 mvj
Avygvb Ijvgvq evsjv MwVZ nj Zvi mvaviY mv`K wbevwPZ nb|
1935 mvj exq AvBb cwil`i m`m wbevwPZ nb cRv mwgwZi cv_x

m`vjvcx gwZqi ingvb mgmvgwqK NUbv-cevn, ag, wevb, BwZnvm

cwZwU welqi nvjZ_ mK IqvwKdnvj _vKb I weklY Kib|
Aemi Rxeb MelYv, mgvRmevg~jK KgKv I mvswZK msMVbi mv_
m _vKb| BwZnvm msv Zuvi jLv ivRevox Rjvi BwZnvm I
HwZn cvVKmgvR mgv`Z| wevb welqK M gnvweki ^ic mw inm
DbvPb wevb, AvcwK Z I weM evs Z, wdb nwKs Gi cv
wWRvBb, wed wnx Ae UvBg, wnKm evmb I BkiKYv weZK BZvw`
MelYv I iPbvq kvixwiK cwZeKZv mI me`vB wbqvwRZ _vKb|

nq|
GbUv cixvi LvZvq H mgq gymjgvb Qv`i cvk Kivq wKQy
mgmv wQj| bvgi e`j mvsKwZK b^i wjLvi `vwe Zvjb, wWcvUgU
Ae cvewjK BbvKkb cvwKvb cvei mg_b KiQb| 1968 mvji
18B AvM XvKvq Zuvi gZz nq|
47 |

48 |

Wi dKxi Avyi ikx`

dKxi Avyi ivvK

W. dKxi Avyi ikx` 1942 mvji 21k wWm^i wbR gvZzjvjq,

dKxi Avyi ivvK 2iv gvP 1946 mvj RbMnY Kib| ivRkvnx

ivRevox Rjvi fxgbMi Mvg RbMnY Kib| wcZwbevm GKB Rjvq

wekwe`vjq _K Abvm mn gvvm wWMx ARb Kib 1969 mvj| wZwb

`wYevox Mvg| c~ecyil nhiZ kvn cvnjvqvb AvbQvix 1757 mvj

gywhy mivmwi Ask MnY Kib| 1971 mvj KjKvZv _K mvvwnK

Lvivmvb _K G`k AvMgb Kib|

evsjvi evYx cKvk jM _KB m nb| 1972 mvji 21k deqvix

Zuvi gvRvi cvskvi wkKRvb AewZ| Zrcy nhiZ kvn AvwZDjvn

Iid kxZj kvni gvRvi evwjqvKv`xi Lwjqv Mvg| Zrcy dKxi Gib

`wbK evsjvi evYx cKvk cZ _vKj, wmwbqi mnKvix mv`K wnme

hvM `b| 2001 mvj ch G c`B KvhiZ _vKb|

kvn Gi gvRvi `wYvevoxZ| Zrcy LvRv kvn mydx dKxi evnv`yi Avjx

dxjv Kjvwg wnme wewfb RvZxq `wbK wbe wjL _vKb| Zuvi

wPkZx wbRvgx I Zrcy kvn mydx dKxi Avym mvgv` wPkZx mgvwnZ AvQb

cKvwkZ Mi msLv Pvi| ivRbwZK ewZ kvgwb gvjv ewZgx

GLvbB| Zrcy W. dKxi Avyi ikx` 1963 mvj XvKv wekwe`vjq _K

GK gnrcvY MwU Dj-LhvM| ew Rxeb wZwb ivRevoxi wewk

gvvm I `kbi Dci MelYvi Rb WiU wWMx cvb|

ewZ W. dKxi Avyi ikx`i GKgv AbyR|

wZwb ivRevox miKvix KjR mn Abvb miKvix KjR Aa c`

_vKv Aevq Aemicv nb| wZwb Rjvi k mvwnwZK c`K 1987 mvj,
Mgvjv c`K 1995 mvj, k Aa c`K 1998 mvj, k wkvwe`
c`K I cyiZ nb 2010 mvj| wZwb evsjv GKvWgxi AvRxeb m`m|
Zuvi Kve, ag welqK `kb I Melbv, RxebPwi, QvU`i M, bvUK ce
cKvwkZ nqQ| gvwmK P`bv I gvwmK ZInx` mv`bi `vwqZ cvjb
KiQb| Zuvi cKvwkZ Mi msLv Kzwo|

49 |

50 |

`evZx PeZx

Aveyj nvmb gwjK

ivRevox Rjvi k MelK, cvewK, RxebxKvi, `vkwbK I Kwe
Aveyj nvmb gwjKi Rb KvgviLvwji Avocvov Mvg 1942 mvji 1jv
gvP| wcZv evnv`yi Avjx gwjK I gvZv gwiqg eMg|
1959 mvj KvgviLvwj nvBzj _K gvwUK cvk Ki Kzwqv KjR
fwZ nb| ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq _K ivwevb gvvm wWMx jvf Kib

Zuvi iwPZ ce, RxebvjL cvqkt RvZxq `wbK cKvwkZ nq|

wwgZ cvq mvswZK Ab ZuviB mZvq Dbl NUQ bZzb cRbi|
ZuviB DZb lZg cyil _K knii beic jvf| cwigvRbv PjQ mB
cwievi _KB| ckvMZ `vwqZ, cvwievwiK `vqeZv mI me mgq
`b Kvwnxb|

1967 mvj| wkv mgvcbv cvebv Rjvi mvZevwoqv KjR Aavcbv

i Kib| 1969 mvj cvebv _K cKvwkZ mvvwnK cevn cwKvq
Zuvi jLv M I ce cKvwkZ nZ _vK| 1973 mvj wZwb cvskv

evey gwjK

wekwe`vjq KjR ivwevbi AavcK c` hvM `b| Gmgq wZwb

gvwmK gqv I gvwmK AvRvb mv`bv KiQb| Zuvi Melbv RxebxM
GqvKze Avjx Payix, Rxeb I mvwnZ 1986 mvj evsjv GKvWgx XvKv,
KZK cKvwkZ nq|
gvV chvq Zuvi Melbvj Z_ cvskv Aji mvwnwZK mgvR
wnZlx, gwblxMYi Kgaviv, ZvM wZwZv cKvkbv I mgvR mPZbZvi h
Dl NwUqwQj AwZ cvj fvlvq wjwLZ, hv vb wccvmy MelK I
BwZnvmwe` MYi Ag~j w`K wb`kbv|

ZiY mvsevw`K I cvewK, MelK Avey iRv Avkivdzj gvmy`

Iid evey gwj-K| ayw Mvg RbMnY Kib| mvvwnK Abymvb 1985
mvj _K cKvk KiQb A`vewa, HwZnvwmK ewZ wbq Zuvi
Melbvg~jK jLv ce cKvwkZ nq _vK RvZxq `wbK| zji Mx
cievi AvMB jLvjwLi i, GK mgq cvwK cv mv`bv
KiQb| GKwb mvsevw`Ki ez KgB _vK| ZviB cK D`vniY evey
gwj-K| mZ msev` cwiekb Ki gvU AvUUv gvgjvq RwoZ nqQb|

wewfb welq wbq Zuvi cKvwkZ Mi msLv `k evivUv Kgi ^xKwZ

hvi i mB KjR wkvKvjxb mgq KjRi gvV Aai Mi Pi

^ic wewfb msMVb KZK mvbbv cqQb| m`vjvcx mnRmij Rxeb

cKvk Ki| ivRevoxi wZxq cmKvei wZwb cwZvZv, mggbv KqKRb

Af, Aemi Rxeb hvcb Kib cvskv kni msjM bvivqbcyi gnjvq|

msev``vZvi mg^q|

51 |

52 |

Mvqvj` DcRjv

Mvqvj` DcRjv

cKvkbvi mv_ mZvi BwZnvm ejZ 1965 mvji ci _K i|

Mvqvj` ec~e _KB GK mg b`xe`i wnme cwiwPZ| GK

cv_wgK mgq hy nqwQjb|

mgq cZzMxR Rj`my`i AvvbvI wQj GLvb| BsiR ivRZ weZ nj

1| gvt kvgj nK, `wbK AvRv`|

Gi iZ AviI ew cvq| dwi`cyi Rjvi gnKzgv cwZv nj Mvqvj`

_vbv, KvUKvPvix, zj I wkwZ mgvRi emwZ meB GLvb Mo IV|

2| G,K,Gg Avkivd Dwb mgvPvi|

ivRevoxi ivRv m~hKzgvi

3| GvW, byij Bmjvg, msMvg|

nivq Zuvi Rwg`vixi KvQvix evoxZ cvqB

Aevb KiZb| zji gavex Qv`i ew, mvnvh w`q wkvq m

4| Rvwn`yj Bmjvg, Aveyj|

nZ DrmvwnZ KiZb| 1871 mvj ijIq hvMvhvM i nj Rbc`

Aviv weZ nq| eemv evwYRiI cmvi NU evcKfve| KjKvZvq

5| Aa K,Gg,gwnZ: `wbK Kvj, zwj|

ev mgvRi cwZvjM Zvi agxq D`viZvq gy nq AbK `xwZI nb|

6| kvgmyvgvb bqb, evsjvi evYx|

ivRbxwZI mcmvwiZ nq wewfb avivq| Mvqvj` nvB zji wkK KvOvj

7| Mvwe` P` gj, AvRKi KvMR|

nwiYv_ gRyg`vii wkl kx Rjai mb fviZxq RvZxq KsMmi wZxq

evwlK mjb cwZwbwaZ KiQb Mvqvj`i| Avevi GLvb `yBRb BsiR

8| Agj miKvi, fvii KvMR|

Lyb I GKRb jvwZ nIqvq mwnsm hyMvi `jiI cfve ek k

9| wiqvRyj Bmjvg, wbD mkb|

AevbB wQj evSv hvq| cPvi c, wjdjU, nvwej AekB cKvk cZ

10| AvdRvj nvmb, Avj gvRv`|

aviYv Ag~jK bq| Ze 1888 mvj cyiv GjvKvUv cvMf wejxb nq

hvIqvq m~Y Rbc` wQbwfb nq hvq| hib m Z_ AvR Avi cvIqv

11| bRij Bmjvg wjUb, evsjv evRvi|

hvq bv|

12| D`q miKvi, AvRKi KvMR|

13| Mvjvg gvdv wMqvmcyix, Lei, Kwe I jLK|

Mvqvj`
1| myjZvb Dwb Avng`, Aemicv we`vjq cwi`kK, gvawgK I DP
wkv| wjL _vKb Mvqvj` DcRjvi mgvR meK I Zuv`i Kgev|

53 |

54 |

evwjqvKvw`

eZgvb cmKvei m`mfy mvsevw`Ke`

evwjqvKv`xi `wYevox c`g`xi kL Zvdvj nvmb XvKv

1| mfvcwZ, Mbk P` cvj, Kvji K

wekwe`vjq _K Abvmmn ivwevb mvZK| wZwb GKvavi

2| mn-mv`K, njvj gvngy`, WmwUbx

mvsevw`K, mvwnwZK, mgvRmeK, KvUzwb, AvewKvi I eZvi msev`

3| cvb mfvcwZ, AavcK Avyj AvDqvj, `wbK BdvK I

cvVK| evsjv fvlvq gymjgvbi Ae`vb, bex Kvwnbx, gymwjg Kwe I

mvvwnK GKZv|

wevbx, cwmWU wRqvDi ingvb, cfwZ Mi cYZv| `wbK `k

ZZxq c `wbK wgjvZ `wbK RbZvi msev``vZv wnme hy

4| cvb mv`K, ivk` ivqnvb, c_g Avjv

AvQb| miKvi weivax KvUzb GuK Rj MQb| wZwb Avmvgi

5| Avwgij Bmjvg wjUz, gvbeRwgb

RvinvU Rjvi gvwiqvbxZ 26k gvP 1947 mvj RbMnY Kib|

6| kL ivRxe, `wbK msev`

Kvgij nvmvb

7| Aveyj nvmb, w`bKvj

Kvgij nvmvb cjvki mv`bvq 1994 mvj evwjqvKv`x _K

8| kvn` Avjx Gikv`, mgKvj

cKvwkZ nqQ mvwnZ mvgwqKx|

9| bRij Bmjvg, `wbK BbwKjve

GKivg~j nK

10| kvwgg kL, hyMvi

iwbKv gxi gkvid nvmb cwZeQi cKvk Kib GKivg~j nK e`bv

mvswZK Mvx e`bv mvswZK Mvxi D`vM cwZ eQi mvwnZ

11| kwdKzj mvjvg kvwgg, Avgv`i Lei

mvgwqKx cKvk Kiv nq _vK|

12| b~ij Bmjvg wkK`vi, mv`K ivRevox kni

13| wmivRyj Bmjvg, mgKvj, mn-mv`K, XvKv Awdm

eZgvb cvskv cmKvei KgKZv I m`me`i ZvwjKv

14| AkvK P` wmbnv, hyM evZv mv`K, `wbK BdvK

1| mfvcwZ t gvt gvvi nvmb, fvii KvMR/ gvZK

15| AavcK Avwgij Bmjvg, c_g Avjv

2| mvaviY mv`K t ivmj Kwei, `wbK gvbeRwgb

3| mvsMVwbK mv`Kt gvmy` iRv wkwki, hvhqvqw`b
4| Kvlva t gvt Avyi iwk`, AvRKi Avjv

55 |

56 |

5| `i mv`K t KvRx mwjg gvmy`, mgqi KvMR

13| evsjv`k cwZw`b-GvW.wmivR cvgvwbK

6| cPvi mv`K t Avj gvid, `wbK WmwUwb

14| mvvwnK cvevZv-27k RyjvB 1997

7| m`m t Gg,G,wRbvn, Avgvi `k

15| `wbK Avgvi `k-1jv Ryb 2012

8| m`m t mwjg gvngy`, Aviwk bMi

16| mvvwnK Abymvb-9B RyjvB 1997

9| m`m t gvt kvwnb

17| evey gwjK

10| m`m t AavcK gvt BmnvK, `wbK msMvg

18| G,wU,Gg iwdKDwb-cvb Aa cvskv KjR

Z_m~ t

19| KvoK`x mgvek-2010

1| dwi`cyi Rjvi BwZnvm-Avb` bv_ ivq|

20| KgiW AvfivRi WvBix

2| The test of time -gt ZwgRDwb Lvb|

21| `wbK AvRv`-15 wWm^i 1985

3| Jinnah Hector Bolitho.

22| gIjvbv AvKivg Lvb

4| Avgvi wZK_v-jvK bv_ fvPvh

23| KvOvj iwbKv-evs 1387

5| Rjaimb-Rxebx Mgvjv|

24| L`Kvi Avyj gwZb-mvaviY mv`K cmKve, ivRevox

6| msev` I mvsevw`KZvq ivRevox-AavcK Aveyj nvmb gwj-K|

25| AvDqvj Avbvqvi-cvb mfvcwZ, Mvqvj` cmKve

7| gvmjQDwb kvnxb-ayw|

26| Map Local Govt Eng.-Department (LGEND)

8| jvjb kvn-Rxebx Mgvjv|

27| P` kLi Ki, KvOvj nwibv_ mvnPvh cv cvb Rjv ckvmK

9| wZ K_v- W. KvRx gvZvnvi nvmb|

10| LvZK mv`K Lv`Kvi bwRi Dwb Avn`-AavcK Aveyj
nvmb gwjK
11| Kvwnbyi mv`K
12| KvOvj nwiYv_ gRyg`vi-Rxebx Mgvjv
57 |

58 |

Mvqvj` nvB zji eqm

ciexKvj Kzwqv gvwnbx wgji cwZvZv Avkq _K dwi`cyi Rjv

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wUk PvP KjR 1879 mvj fwZ nb| GKgv AbyR kkai mbi DPZi

GwMqB MQ Ggb GKUv mngvLv `w| zji bvgUv b Aviv wewZ|

wkvq mvnvh KiZ KjRi dx wkv cveI Dcv Ki gvwmK cuwPk

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? Kb h Mvqvj` nvBzj ivRevoxZ AvgviI ARvbv mUv|

1881 mvj| DjL 1878 mvj Mvqvj`i zjUv nvBzj DbxZ nq

Mvqvj` nvBzj wQj Mvqvj` cwZv cqwQj 1870 `kK|

Mvqvj` nvBzj bvg avib KiQ|

gvBbi zj _KB Gi hvvi| ivqevnv`yi kx Rjai mb (1860-1939)

1887 mvj cvi fvOb Mvqvj` GjvKvi cyivUvB wejxb nq Mj

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m~hKzgvi nivq Mvqvj`i zjUv ivRevox wbR Rwg`vixi Aevb

_vKZ eva nb| ZZxq eQi e we`vjq wkvi Kij QvU fvB kkai

cwiPvjbv KiZ _vKb| cv_wgK mgqKvj wUbi PvjvNi cVb cvVb

mbi (1863-1907) wbPz Kvk fwZ nZ nq| mUv eoB jv weavq

Pj| GKUv cvKv BgviZ MVb Kiv nq eZgvb BgviZi cwg mUv AvR

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wejy|

Avkq _K GB Mvqvj` zj ZZxq kYxZ fwZ njb 1871 mvj|

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icc`K jvf Kib| Gici wZwb ^Kvjxb mgqi Rb Kzgvi Lvwji
gvwnbx gvnb Pexi (1839-1922) dwi`cyii WcywU gvwRU I
59 |

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zji bvg `vbc wjL`b 1893 mvj| c~e bvg Mvqvj` nvB zj envj
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60 |

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mivmwi wbevwPZ nb|

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eQii dmj IV Mvjvq| Avi ZvB `Lv hvq wKZxbvkv cvi fvb
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10/08/1924 Bs, gZz 10/10/1994 Bs)| `ya, gvQ Gu`i Rxeb KvU
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kwgKi | Z gRyii Uvb coQ `yMvcyiI| iji UvKvq PjQ f~Zi
evci kv| KZ KZ NUbv, iUbv cjweZ nq cuQvq wbZw`b| jvjgyLv
mvne mevBK Wvg dzj bvg WvK|
cikDjv evcvixi c_g ci cy wgiRvb wgx GB iji myev` Pj
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61 |

m` ficyi msmvi| elvi wZbgvm wewQb _vKZ nq Zuv`i| GiPq

62 |

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cjy njb| cvkvcvwk wZb kixK kZ weNv RvqMv wbq evmv euvajb

wbR hgb wQjb mwLb cy KbvivI ZrKvj AvaywbKv wnmve cwiwPZ

webv`cyii cv| dmwj RwgI h_ Kivq wgiRvb wgx BuUi fvUv

nqwQjb|

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Aek AKvj elb cvq me LyBq djb wZwb GK mgq| Zuvi Aab
cyil bvwRei ingvb| gvwbK wgxi h `vKvb Ni jv evRvi mjv
ij jvBbi Dfq cvo mgvivj _vKvq Abygvb Kiv Pj GB f~wgUv
wLwZ KiB cieZxKvj ij jvBb mcmvwiZ nqQ|
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wKby wgxi Aci cy Aveyj Mdzi wgqv m mgq GKvbf

y m`m wQjb
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wgxi Aci fvB BDmyd AvjxI ijIq wefvMi mv_ hy nb| Avi h_
m`kvjx nq IVb| Zuvi cvKv evoxUvi gS gvRvBKi gZv Ki fvv
wPb gvwUi UzKiv weQvbv hgbUv eo gmwR`i cyibv `vjvbUvq wQj| Avi
Zvi KvwiKi Avbv nqwQj KjKvZv _K|

kmi cvnvo| cvPzh G cwieviI| Rcy dKiDwb Avng`

eveywMixZB ^vQ` eva KiZb| H mgq h eveywMix cwigj Mo IV
ivRevoxZ wZwbI mB mgvR GKxf~Z njb| Gu`i hvK ej Ki LZ
nZ bv|

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e wbq| IB mgq Avgv`i GZ`vj gvjwiqv, KvjvRi, eixeix,
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cjvb miKvi Kxib PeZx , `e`bv_ wms, RwUjki jvwnox, Avyj

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(mvBKj gKvi gbx mvnvi wcZv) Avi mLvbB Zuvi c cvx NU| wcZv

Gu`i mg^q m` Mo IVv knii myax mgvR wgk cwievii mvgvwRK

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`yi`wkZvi cwiPq w`qwQjb Avwbm mvevjK nevi AvMB Zuvi gZz nq|

nZv| kvK mewRi Pvl wZwbI KiQb Ze mUv ez ^Rb`i Dcnvi

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wnmve eUbi Awfcvq| wk`i cwZI Zuvi mn gvLv AvPiY, Avgv`i

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mv_ Kvivg LjvqI Ask wbqQb wZwb|

nevi myhvM wQj bv| zji wdm Rgv w`Z njI ZvK `LwQ vbxq

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63 |

64 |

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cvq AbycwZ| g ivgvwUK, Lj bvqK, AkZxci e, eL hvIqv Kzcy

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nq| vbxq miKvix Lv` `vgi iK gnvbyfe gvt Avjx wmwKx mvne

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cvwZvwbK wkv Zgb bv _vKjI Kx evsjv Kx BsivRxi evK MVb ki

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cqvM me Avi A_i Mfxi Zvrch Dcjw KiwQ Avwg Avi cyb`y

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wbqvMx (^YKvi Awgq bvMi RvgvZv) eevi| mwLbZvqI Zuvi Rywo wQj

cZ cviZvg Avgiv knii Avw` A| `yfvM ekZt GK iKWvi

bv H mgq| wKse`wi gZv Kji Mvbi iKWi msMn| e`yKi

weZvi kVZvq Avgvi m cPv ev_ nqQ| efve FYx GB gnvb

wbkvbvq wRg KieU| .22 evii ivBdj w`q ` evoxi KeyZii

ewi Kvb wZK_v Avgvi mq _vKjv bv|

cyivUvB kl Ki w`q wQjb| me wKQyZB Zuvi mZv me weklbB

evsjv 9 B Avwkb 1409 mvj knii GKUv Aavqi cwimgvw nqQ|

fywlZ| me LvbB mie DcwwZi e`jZ mvaviY cwiwPZ nb Rj

Zii KvwV Qbvg|

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Avwkb 1326 mvj|

wcZv hLb king c` Qo w`q king maker njb Zuvi ci _K

nwee fvB eivei vbxq wgDwbwmcvwjwUi wbevPb m`m wbevwPZ nqQb|
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AvU eQi AZ wekZvi mv_ wZwb cimfvi Pqvigvbi `vwqZ cvjb
KiQb| wK efe AvbZ cvibwb| bv wbRi, bv cwievi| eis
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AvR cuvPZjv I Qq Zjv BgviZ MwVZ nqQ| wPUvMvs eKvixi AevbUv
GLb gRby Lwjdv Avi Pkgvi `vKvb wef|
1971 mvj gvbweK `vqxZ cvjb KiZ wMq cvwKvbx mbv Avi eei
wenvix`i weivM fvRb njb| wZwb cvb euP Mjb eU, wK wbnZ njv
Zuvi QvU fvB Avdmvi Dwb, bvwRei QvU fvB AvZvDi ingvb Avi
Avwbmi dzcvZ fvB AvZv| fvRb Pvjvq GKUv evOvjx cwievii evoxUv
65 |

66 |

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kni wmbgv Gjv

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AbK gvbyl| euvki AvMvq mv`v Kvco muvU Ki jUKvbv| ZvZ Qwe|

cvb mycvix LZ

gvbylUv boQ| AevK Kv| AevK nevi Aviv euvwK| c_cvk gv`vixi Lj

cvbi wfZi gix euvUv

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nvijI hgb ev` ciZvg bv wRZjI Zgwb bwZ nZv bv|

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67 |

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81 |

Kzgvii gib? LuwKi gib!

82 |

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mvgb Avmvi gyZ Bwbi mvgb Suvwcq co|
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cvwievwiK KvR mvnvhi PvBZ ew^v_ wgk wQj ZvZ| MZi nxb gv
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fvimvg iv Kivi eev, evPv`i mUvi bvMvj cvIqv KwVb| cv wUc
wUc bvgZvg wMqKvby mvnvi `vKvbi cwg `yB dzU PIov MwjUvq, cvj
cwi me KUv `vKvb XyKZ euvki gvPv| wbP _K& _K& KiQ AveRbv|
ge zj hZ nvmcvZvj wejvwZ LRyi MvQ mvwi mvwi eo jbUvq
AaP`vKwZ cvKv e (mLvbUvq GLb S.P-i Banglo Avi Civil
Sergon-i Banglo

c_g wPwKrmK `vgv`i gvnb PeZx DMC

Lv`vB Kiv| GjvKvi Mv QgQg Kiv wbZv| eo Rvg MvQUv Avevi

ILvbB| c_Pvix mx bv cj bRi mvRv Ki GK wbt^vm cvi| `e`vi
mvi eua eocyj cvi nj, ILvbi avev evoxUvq gvS ga hZB nZ|
AZt wekUv SvD MvQi kbkb ki duvK kKzb wki Kvbv wgk _g _g
83 |

84 |

cwiek wgkb nvDm| cvKv ZzZ dj Avi wejvwZ Mve, eZi Svc

KuK WvKjB Z Z _vKZvg| m` cvov Mig wWgUv KuvPvB Lq

_vKv,_vKv eZdj njy` eiY| m jvf Rq KiwQ fq|

djZvg| we`y gvjvi `vKvbi nvwg` wbqv `yB Avbv w`j AZt Pvi cuvPUv

Avgvi mvi jxjy evey Kvm Mi Avmi ejb, wZwb Mfxi ivZ weivU
GK `Z `LQb hvi GK cv zji KvYvi SvDMvQUvq (hUvi wbR

wgw Vvvq fi w`Z| DVZvg wMq Ifvi exRUvq| GUv bwgwK evcvi
wQj| g cU Avgvi DPz

GKPvLv RvbvKxivg ev`vg eP) Ab cvUv `v`kx kbi SvD MvQUvq|

nZ _vKjv Avi Mvqi is cvov Kqjv| Wvvi e` mZK Ki

ay fq cvIqv Qvov gb ck RvMwb `Zi GB cvUv wZwb `Ljb eU

w`jb gvK| nvwee fvB AvgvK wbq evRvii me wgwi `vKvb ej

`v`kxi MvQ cv `Ljb Kx Ki? SvDMvQ Aviv wQj ci Awdmi ILvb

Gjb GB QjUvK gviZ bv PvBj Gi KvQ KLbI wgw wex Kieb

`yUv, c nvmcvZvji ILvb GKUv Avi wZk Pexi evoxi cek

bv| Mig Mig oi K`gv,XD Ljvbv Zvi Mv gvSLvb duvcv GjvPi M

c_| gmb Mvqi BWKvwjcUvm Wvt cg_ ivqi evox Avi iji gvVi

gkv| IUvi jvf Pj hZvg evZvmv cwZ| K`g MvQi DPzZ K

Dicye KvbUvq, eo ivvq ayB mb, Awdmcvov Vvv kxZj KoB

euvav| IUvq jUK w`j gUv SzjZ SzjZ wbP bg Avm| wbPi AskUv

MvQ| Avi KvRx Kv`v _K mvRv h c_Uv hvMk Wvvii evoxi

evievi Mu_ w`Z w`Z Mvq UD Ljvbv AvKvi bq| Mig _vKZB

KvYvUvq kl nqQ| KvjfvUUv wd eQi wewQb nZB G c_ coZv ek

myZvi cuvP jvwMq KU KU wex GK Avbvq `kUv | wPUvMvs eKvixi

KUv cvKzo| dj cvKj NyNy Avi nwiqvji Afqvib| `eb wmsqi

dvixUvI GLvbB| `uvovjB KvYvfvv Z`yi _K m` ei Kiv Kjv

cvov evoxZ Avg Avi ZZzj, iji evey`i me evoxZB cqvivi

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cwZvi iZ gvwU KvUvi kwgK`i wcQy wcQy AvMgb| Iiv Pj MjI

mw`b WK ejb RMjyj Avwg Rvwb ZzB wmMviU Lvm| Ze PjwZ c_

Giv KqKNi _K Mj| _vKZv fvRb Pvjv Aj| RvbKxivgi

KLbI Lvwe bv| nqZ ARv `L djQb| Qj ejvq hgb g`

ev`vgi ^v`B Avjv`v| evoxZ KLbv Kbv nj b b fvM mevi| Kg

LvIqvi wmbgv `LZ `bwb Zgwb e eqmI AvMj ivLZ PqQb|

ekx `~ii K_v QvU eo njI ay`ygvi jM hZv| wbZv wk b~ix Lvmv

Zuvi KvQ Avwg KLbI eo nB bvB| AvR GZ eQi ci cUUv Avevi xZ

Qvwoq LZ mgq bq| KuvPi AvMj ewmq iwmq LvQ| cvki evoxi

nq DVQ| isI aiQ Mvq| AMhvvi m~Pbv nqZ GUvB| nvwee fvBZv

wcPxi mv_ `uvwoq AvwQ AvwgI| cwZevi gyL cvovi mgq Avgv`i

bvB|

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QjUvi m mvnm bvB| b~ixi axi MwZi LvIqv Zi mqbv Zvi| ej b~ix
ZzB Avi GKUv Lv Avwg `wL| G fveB m ev`vgi ^v`i Askx nZ
PqQ| PvBjI h b~ix `ebv Zv m RvbZv| MfeZx evoxi gyiMxUv KuK
85 |

cwZwbqZ Avi GKRbK ib Kwi| wZwb Avgvi mvi `eeZ fvPvh

bxjyevey| wecex ivRbxwZZ wekvmx| RjI MQb| ewUk ivRZ zw`ivgi
gZz w`b mvBKj Pvwcq wbq Mjb Abyvb| KZ PKm Qji gvS
86 |

ay AvgvKB, GwZg wk`i mv_ ezZ cvwZq w`jb| Kb? xb fve

gvb evevi wZivavb

ck RvM AvgvKI wK wZxq yw`ivg `LZ PqwQjb wZwb?

gvb evevK Lye KvQ _K wZbUv wj Kiv nq| GKUvI jvMwb|

webv`cyi LvbKv kixdi cxi mvnei RevbxZ bI Avgj wbjvg bv
evcviUv| evevi KvQ bjvg wWm^ii Ziv ZvwiL _K ij jvBbi
Dfq cvo wenvix Avi gywhvv`i weivgnxb wjMvjv wewbgqi gvSI
ijivv ai gvb bvwK AvMi gZvB Unj Rvix iLQ| ZvI Avgvi gb
Zgb AvQi Kijv bv| Ze fvweq Zzj| wnmve Ki `Ljvg Ziv ZvwiL
_K GKzk ZvwiL GB bqUv w`bZv wenvixiv hy Avi cvjvbvi av`vq e
_KQ| cvMjUvi w`K bRi `evi mgq Kv_vq I`i| evUv LjB ev Kx
G Kw`b, Avi wQjB ev Kv_vq? Ni Ni evcK Zjvmx KiB Zv
gywhvviv GKzk ZvwiL gy Ki kniUv|
GB cvMjUvK Avwg KLbI mybRi `wL bvB| c_gZ: gq cyil
cvk w`q MjB RvMv ARvMvZ LuvPv `e| KLb Avevi wUj gi iv
Ki| RbZvi gvS DRbv Qwoq coj wenvixiv mvbv w`Z DmKv
fvjv nvMv| z Avwg fveZvg Zgb myhvM cj GKw`b nvg DmKv
Lvive Ki `Mv| mvaviY gvbyli GKUv `yejZv my _vKB dwKi, cvMj
GB me jvK`i cwZ| A^vfvweK AvPiY, ekfylv bv _vKj Avgv`i
KvQ mvay mbvmx dwKi Zgb K cvq bv| Avi ZvB gw`i gvRvi
AjwKK me Kvwnbx Qwoq| hZ AjwKK ZZ DuPz ii AwZ`xq gvbyl
wZwb| fq wgwkZ fwZB Avgiv Z| AvK nB Dj bvMv mbvmxZ
A_ev Avavgb jvnvi evjv eq eovQb whwb Zvi cwZ| gvRRvi mvb
Kwi KvKZvjxq fve NU hvIqv NUbvi gvS| hgb mvBdzj`i evoxZ
1970 mvji Kvievbxi w`b gvbUv Kv_v _K PvcvZx wbq XyK co
Avi wekvj AvgMvQUvq KvcvZ _vK| cwievii m`miv fq wmUK
87 |

88 |

_vKjI `kK gvS b IV nK mvne Kv fvjv nvMv KD ejb

ZQbQ Ki eovZ _vK| Ggwb GKUv NUbvq Pi ZigyR LZ wMq

wec` KU Mj nK mvnei Avi mwZ mwZ `yw`b ci So MvQUvi

Mni Avcw Dcv Ki dmj b Ki| nvZvnvwZI nq| ci Giv

gvUv WvjUv f cojI hLb Kviv GKUzKz AvuPo jvM bv| wekvm `pg~j

`jea hvq Avi GK chvq GKRb wbnZ nq| wenvix`i mv_ vbxq`i

nq| Zgwb KvRx BKevj dviK xi RwUj ivM wPwKrmvq ev_ nq abv

weivai m~cvZ Gw`b _KB|

`q gvbi KvQ `yeva fvlvq b b b Av`vR Bmyej LvIqvj

wZwb my nb| dviK j j b eySQ Bmyej| Avwg bj nqZ
fveZvg cvMjUv wnmve fyj,wnmve fzj ejQ| evcvix gb Avgvi wnmve
wgjvZ nqZ emZvg wbq wnmvei LvZv| KvKZvjxq fve wgj LvIqv
Gme NUbv Wvjcvjvq weZZ nq Kvb cQ| gbi Mfxi GuU em|
gvb Pj Ubi avv LqI gijv bv, wj Mvq jvMbv, Zvi wXj
AvNvZ cv jvKUvi mcwUK nq bv, KbKb Vvvq A_ev cLi i`
ijc_ ai Aweivg Unj w`q eovbv w`bi ci w`b eQii ci eQi gb
cki DuwK `q ewK| Avevi GUvI mZ Zvi GKv AbyMZ f Revi
Kvco Iqvjv h Zvi A Kvco Rwoq w`qQ, Avnvi RywMqQ, mB
Revi Avi AvKzqv wmwfj mvRb Gi evoxi mvgbi LvjUvq cU dvov
Aevq co iBj `yBw`b, mgvb gZz Kvgbvq ZocvwQj Avi Mjv KU
gZz Zivw^Z Kivi Ave`b RvbvwQj c_Pvix`i KvQ, gvb Zv`i Kvb
DcKviB Avmwb|

1972 mvji deqvix gvm| evjez cdmi n`vqZ Kwei (cvb

Aa gvwbKM miKvix KjR) evmvq Gm nvwRi| m GB cvMjUvi KvQ
hZ Pvq Avi Avgvi m `vex Ki| Ii eo fvB Wvt GbvqZ Kwei (cvb
Aa dwi`cyi gWKvj KjR) Gi PvPv ko kvw bMii cxi mvne
GB cvMjUvi Rb GKUv jyx cvwVqQb| mUv cQ w`ZB ^iYvcb
nqQ m Avgvi| AwwbQv mI `yRb Pjjvg jvKv kWi w`K|
Kv_vq cvev Zvi Kv_vq _vK wKQyB Rvbv bvB| H GjvKvUv ZLb f~Zzo
cwiek| cvkvcvwk meKUv jvBb Ryo `uvwoq iqQ gvjMvox| duvK dvKi
Mj cQvjvg GKUv Pvqi `vKvb| `vKvbxI nw`k w`Z cvijv bv|
Ze Avkvm w`j Pv LZ m h Kvb mgq Gm coZ cvi| `yPvi wgwbU
ciB Zvi `Lv cvIqv Mj| DjZv eUB mev Zj KvwjZ bvsiv|
n`vqZ GwMq MQ| jyxUv cwoq w`Z Mj `Ljvg gvb BU LyRQ|
Avwg AvZwZ| ZvovZvwo cm e`j Pv LZ ejvq kv njv m| Avgiv
Pvqi `vKvb Gjvg| KvcoUv iL Pj Gjvg mw`b| Gici gvbi

1947 mvj fviZ _K AvMZ gvnvRi`i mv_B GB cvMjUvi

mv_ `Lv njB `yeva fvlvq Kvcov Kvcov Kxm ejZv eySZ cviZvg

AvMgb GLvb| Avi G`i gvSB Zvi wePiY| Ze Zvi fvlv Pnviv wVK

bv| Gevi AvwgB vi njvg n`vqZi I ZLb ivR` KjR| iweevi

wenvix`i m Lvc Lvq bv| Zey wenvix gvb wnmveB cwiwPwZ cvq m| H

QywU| `yRb evRvi Puv`i wKbjvg GKUv| `ycyi n`vqZ Gjv evox _K

mgqB Zvi nvZi jvg mv`v `L aviYv nq eqmUv evaKi mxgvq|

iwU Avi gvsm wbq Avevi mB gvjMvox Nivc_| Gevi AvPgKv GKUv

wenvix`i cwZ Avgv`i GLvbi gvbyliv mnvbyfywZkxjB wQj c_g

w`K mUv I`i AvPib vqx nZ cviwb ekxw`b| gywgq zj coyqv

Mvoxi wbP _K nvgv w`q ewoq Gjv m, w`M^i mB AvMi gZvB|

`yB dzUi eeavb| nZPwKZ Avwg Puv`ii cvUjvUv GwMq ai ejvg evev

Qvov G`i AgvwRZ QvKiviv `jai MuvI Mivg wMq Zi dj g~j

Avcwb Kvco PqwQjb, GbwQ| n`vqZ Lvevi GwMq ai Wivq hvevi

89 |

90 |

K_v ejvq ^vfvweK fveB m GKUv gwU Ni Avgv`i wbq hvq| Kd

_y_yZ bvsiv cwiek| ILvbB Avgiv gSq em GKv Nwbfve

wcZ mvwba kkeKvj

KvUvqwQ wKQy mgq K_v Avwg wKQyB eySZ cvwi bvB eU Ze eenvi
eySjvg Avgv`i cwZ Zvi weivM fve bvB| Gici _K Avgiv eevi MwQ
ILvb| gvS gvS m h `yPviw`b wbLuvR _vKjI Avgiv Mj `yPvi
wgwbUi ekx Acv KiZ nqwb| Ze wbik _K wdi Gj gyL
PvL fqi iKgi DMZv cwijwZ nZv| PvL w`q hb i dzU
eiQ GgbUvB| mB AevqI Avgv`i cmb gb MnY KiQ| Avgiv
Kgb GKUv AvKlY eva KiZvg ZvB| Avgiv KLbI Kvb cvw_e evmbv
wbq ILvb hvB bvB|
ay GKeviB hw`b Avgvi fvBUv wbnZ nq mw`b 6B Gwcj 1975
mvj iweevi ejv wZbUvq GKvB ILvb Mjvg| gbUv eiB DZvjv wQj|
bjvg cuvP mvZw`b Zvi `Lv bvB| wdi AvmZ cv evwoqwQ mvgbB Zvi
`Lv| XyK Mj gwU Ni| cP Mig evBi kv Kv gvbylUvK wei
KiZ PvBwb| Zi mBwQj bv Avgvi| XyK ay GUzKzB ejwQ evev Avgvi
fvB| gyL `evi h iwUi UzKivUv ZzjwQj bvwgq dj nvZUv| GK
SUKvq DV ewoq Mj Ni _K| Avwg wdi Gjvg fvivv gb wbq|
eyS MwQ Avgvi fvBqi cwiYwZ| Gici GKeviB MwQ| AvM gvmi
kl w`eKvw ^vfvweK gvbyl h DMZv bvB| cibI Kvco, mvb cwiQb
`n| dzU DVQ jvjZ Avfv hv Pvcv co wQj GZw`b Zj KvwjZ
Avgvi `Lv mB 1947 mvj _K h `n GZ AwbqgI cvo Lvqwb Zv|
BwZga GK Uvj RyU MQ| cvwb cov Avi dzdv w`h Avvbv evbvbvi
cPv PjQ| Kw`b ci kvbv Mj gvbK cvIqv hvQ bv| AvMI Zv

K`vwc wg_v ewjI bv, iRbK gvb KwiI GgbUv Ki evev

AvgvK GLbI Dc`k `q bvB| Avgiv mevB evevK Zzwg m^vab
KiZvg, Avi mUvB ZviI cQ`bxq wQj| Zvi wkb cwZI wQj wfb
aibi| GKw`bi K_v gb co, Mvq`v evwnbx cowQjvg| KvBgv
Acivax aiv co MQ| QweZ wcj DuwPq Lybxi gv_v j Ki
Mvq`vi vi Hands up you. Rogue Gi A_ AcwiwPZ Avgvi evevi
kibvcb njvg|

mKI Kvb K_v bv ej Dictionary _K wK AyZ Dcvq KvwZ

ki Lvb ei Kiv hvq mUv wkwLq w`j| Avmj cvVcyKi evBii eB
coZ Zvi Avcw wQj bv m GUvI RvbZv Zvi msMwnZ eBqi fvvi
KZK eyS KZK bv eyS Avwg kl Ki djwQ| Avi Zvi gvS cgi
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ZvB ej me Avwg ckq cq GmwQ Zv bq| hLb aiZv GK
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Zovgxi Kvib| GKqgx Avgvi Rbm~ cvIqv, BQvi wei AvgvK
w`q wKQyB Kivbv me wQj bv| hLb GKevi gyL w`q ewoq Mj, coev
bv K_vUv Kvbw`bB Avi wdwiq wbZ cvwiwb| bxie Avc KiwQ|
AveWvj `b KiwQ wK nv Avwg ejZ cvwiwb| GB wR`i KvibB
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gZ wdi Gjvbv|

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Zvi cvk cvk _vKZ nZv| avgv gv_vq Ki m`vB wbh evox div,
eovi AvjMv evZvq euvab `Iqv meZB Zvi mx nq ivZ cvk q
MI bZ nZv| evPbxK fxZ h M `kgvb nZv Avgvi PvL|

91 |

92 |

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113 |

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