Kim tra bai cu.

1) Cho bit hin tng xay ra khi ngm mt la st vao dd axit HCl Minh hoa bng phng trinh phan ng.

Xay ra s n mon hoa hoc. Bot khi H2 thoat ra luc u nhiu sau o it dn do cac bot khi nay boc kin la st, can tr s tip cn cua ion H+ vi cac nguyn t st. St bi n mon chm.
Fe + 2 HCl = FeCl2 + H2

2) Trong thi nghim trn nu nho thm vai giot dd CuSO4 vao dd axit thi co hin tng gi xay ra Vit phng trinh phan ng minh hoa

au tien sat phan ng vi Cu2+ trong dd. CuSO4 + Fe = FeSO4 + Cu Cu sinh ra bam vao Fe . Xay ra s n mon in hoa. Fe la cc m : Fe 2e = Fe 2+ Cu la cc dng : 2H+ + 2e = H2 St bi n mon nhanh chong, bot khi hydro thoat ra nhiu va nhanh.

KIM LOAI TRONG T NHIN

a s kim loai tn tai trong t nhin dang hp cht, chi mt s rt it nh vang, platin tn tai trang thai t do. Nhng khoang vt va t a cha hp cht cua kim loai goi la qung.

Khoang vt Florit (CaF2)

Qung st trong t nhin

CuFeS2

Pyrit st (FeS2)

Corindon (Al2O3 + )

IU CH KIM LOAI.

IU CH KIM LOAI.
I- Nguyn tc iu ch kim loai. Kh ion dng kim loai thanh kim loai t do. Mn+ + ne = M0

IU CH KIM LOAI.

II- Cac phng phap iu ch kim loai. 1)Phng phap thuy luyn. 2)Phng phap nhit luyn.

3)Phng phap in phn.

IU CH KIM LOAI.
II.Cac phng phap iu ch kim loai: 1)Phng phap thuy luyn: a. Nguyn tc: dung kim loai t do co tinh kh manh hn kh ion dng kim loai khac trong dung dich mui. b.Muc ich: iu ch cac kim loai co tinh kh yu trong phong thi nghim.
+2 0

TD: Zn + CuSO4 = ZnSO4 + Cu Cu + 2AgNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

+1 0

IU CH KIM LOAI.
II.Cac phng phap iu ch kim loai. 2)Phng phap nhit luyn: a.Nguyn tc: dung cht kh C, CO, H2 hoc kim loai Al kh ion dng kim loai trong hp cht oxit nhit cao. b.Muc ich:iu ch cac kim loai co tinh kh trung binh va yu (kim loai sau Al) trong cng nghip.
+2

TD: CuO + H2 = Cu + H2O 3Fe3O4 + 8Al = 4Al2O3 + 9Fe

+ 8/3

to

t0

IU CH KIM LOAI.
II-Cac phng phap iu ch kim loai. 3)Phng phap in phn: a.Nguyn tc: dung dong in 1 chiu trn catot kh ion dng kim loai trong hp cht b.Muc ich: iu ch hu ht cac kim loai.

IU CH KIM LOAI.
II-Cac phng phap iu ch kim loai. 3)Phng phap in phn: iu ch kim loai co tinh kh manh t Li n Al : in phn hp cht nong chay( oxit, hidroxit, mui) cua chung. TD : in phn NaCl nong chay iu ch Na.

Ion Na+ Ion Cl-

Na

Cl 2 Ion Na+ Ion ClChieu dong ien

IU CH KIM LOAI.
TD: in phn NaCl nong chay iu ch Na NaCl = Na+ + ClCatot Ion Na+ bi kh Na+ + e = Na
+1

Anot Ion Cl- bi oxi hoa 2Cl- - 2e = Cl2

0

p nc

2NaCl

= 2Na + Cl2

IU CH KIM LOAI.
II-Cac phng phap iu ch kim loai. 3)Phng phap in phn: iu ch kim loai co tinh kh trung binh va yu: in phn dung dich mui cua chung trong nc.

IU CH KIM LOAI.
TD: in phn dung dich CuSO4 iu ch Cu CuSO4 = Cu2+ + SO42(H2O) Catot Anot (Cu2+, H2O) (Cl-, H2O) Ion Cu2+ bi kh H2O bi oxi hoa Cu2+ + 2e = Cu 2H2O 4e = 4H+ + O2

2CuSO4 + 2H2O = 2Cu + O2 +2H2SO4 +2 0

p

IU CH KIM LOAI.
I .Nguyn tc iu ch kim loai. Mn+ + ne = M
II. Cac phng phap iu ch kim loai. 1)Phng phap thuy luyn. 2)Phng phap nhit luyn. 3)Phng phap in phn.

1) Phng phap thuy luyn: -Nguyn tc: dung kim loai t do co tinh kh manh hn kh ion dng kim loai khac trong dung dich mui. -Muc ich: iu ch cac kim loai co tinh kh yu trong phong thi nghim.

2)Phng phap nhit luyn: -Nguyn tc: dung cht kh C, CO, H2 hoc kim loai Al kh ion dng kim loai trong hp cht oxit nhit cao. -Muc ich:iu ch cac kim loai co tinh kh trung binh va yu (kim loai sau Al) trong cng nghip.

3)Phng phap in phn: -Nguyn tc: dung dong in 1 chiu trn catot kh ion dng kim loai trong hp cht -Muc ich: iu ch hu ht cac kim loai.

Bai tp
T dd CuCl2, co my cach iu ch kim loai Cu a. 1 cach. b. 2 cach. c. 3 cach.

Cach 1 : in phn dd CuCl2. Cach 2 : dung kim loai co tnh . kh manh hn kh ion Cu2+ trong dd. Cach 3 : chuyen CuCl2 Cu(OH)2 CuO sau o dung H2 e kh CuO nhiet o cao.

CHUC MNG