Pemberton The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore The Greek Pottery.

CORINTH
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES
VOLUME XVIII, PART I
THE
SANCTUARY OF AND THE GREEK

BY
DEMETER
KORE POTTERY
ELIZABETH G. PEMBERTON
WITH A CONTRIBUTION BY
KATHLEEN WARNER SLANE
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 1989
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pemberton,Elizabeth G., 1940The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore : the Greek pottery / by Elizabeth G. Pembertonwith a contributionby Kathleen W. Slane. cm. - (Corinth; v. 18, pt. 1) p. Bibliography:p. Includes index. ISBN 0-87661-181-1 : $65.00 1. Pottery, Greek-Greece-Corinth-Catalogs. 2. Pottery-Greece3. Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone (Corinth, Corinth-Catalogs. I. Slane, Greece)-Catalogs. 4. Corinth (Greece)-Antiquities-Catalogs. Kathleen W., 1949- . II. Title. III. Series. DF261.C65A6 vol. 18, pt. 1 938'.7 s-dc20 89-15004 [938'.7] CIP
TYPOGRAPHY BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES PUBLICATIONS OFFICE C/O INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY PLATES BY THE MERIDEN-STINEHOUR PRESS, MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE TOWN HOUSE PRESS, SPRING VALLEY, NEW YORK
FOREWORD
Volume XVIII of the Corinth series will be devoted to the final publication of the results of the American School excavations in the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore on Acrocorinth. Corinth XVIII, i by E. G. Pemberton is the first in the series to appear and presents the pottery used in the Sanctuary from the Protoco-
rinthian periodthrough 146 B.C.It will be followed by CorinthXVIII, ii on the Roman potteryand lamps, by K. W. Slane. Severalaspectsof the Sanctuarypotteryhave been excludedfrom the presentvolume. It does not include
the Mycenaean pottery from the site, which has been published by J. Rutter in "The Last Mycenaeans at Corinth," Hesperia 48, 1979, pp. 348-392. The Protogeometric and Geometric pottery will be the subject of
a separatestudy.Also reservedfor publicationin otherpartsof CorinthXVIII are the miniaturevotivelikna

and offering trays-both of which are more suitably discussed as implements of cult than as pottery-and Greek transport amphoras. Stamped handles from Corinthian type A and B amphoras found in the Sanctu-
ary will be treatedby C. G. Koehlerin CorinthXIX, i.

Other individual volumes are planned. They will present the topography and architecture, Corinth
XVIII, iii; the terracottafigurines, CorinthXVIII, iv; other volumes will publish finds such as the Greek
and Roman coins, marble and terracotta sculpture, inscriptions, Greek lamps, animal and human bones, miscellaneous finds (including the model likna and offering trays), etc. Since several scholars with varying outside commitments are participating in the final publication, we have decided to issue the separate parts of
CorinthXVIII as the individualvolumesare completedand not to try to group them thematically. K. CHARLES WILLIAMS,II 1988
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREW ORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V ix xi XV xix 1
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS . G LOSSARY . PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INTRODUCTION SHAPE STUDIES
I. AM PHORAS . II. H YDRIAI .
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9 9
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III. SMALL HYDRIAI (HYDRISKOI) . IV. KRATERS AND LEKANAI . . . V . O INOCHOAI . . . . . . . . . VI. M ISCELLANEOUS PITCHERS .
VII. KALATHOI AND KALATHISKOI V III. K OTYLAI . . . . . . . . IX . SKYPHOI . . . . . . . . . X .CUPS . . . . . . . . . . X I. PHIALAI . . . . . . . . . X II. KANTHAROI . . . . . . .
XIII. ONE-HANDLED CUPS . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
12 15 18 19 25
28
30
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
34
36 38
XIV. BOWLS, LEKANIDES, AND OTHER DISHES ..................... XV. SMALLBOWLSWITH BEVELEDRIMS ........................
XVI. MOLDMADE RELIEF BOWLS . .. . .. . . ... .. . .. ... . .. .. . ..
43
45
X V II. SAUCERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X V III. PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47 49
X IX . LEKYTHOI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
XX. ARYBALLOI, ALABASTRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI. ASKOI, UNGUENTARIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X X II. PYXIDES, LIDS . . . . . . . . . XXIII. PERFORATED CYLINDRICAL VESSELS . XXIV. XXV. XXVI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
53
55
56 59 62 64 66 68
MISCELLANEA, UNKNOWN SHAPES (FINE WARES) M INIATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COARSE-WARE KITCHEN VESSELS . .......................
XXVII. COOKING-FABRIC VESSELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXVIII. PERIRRHANTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75 79 81 84 87
I CATALOGUE
G ROUP
(1-202):
CONTEXT GROUPS
(1-21) . . . . . . . . . . . G ROUP 2 (22-32) . . . . . . . . . . . G ROUP 3 (33-49) . . . . . . . . . . . G ROUP (50-60) . . . . . . . . . . . 4 GROUP 5 (61-72) .................................89 GROUP6 (73-112) ................................91 GROUP 7 (113-153) ................................96
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viii GROUP8 (154-172) . GROUP9 (173-184) GROUP 10 (185-190) GROUP 11 (191-202)

CATALOGUE II
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 103 105 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 107

. . . . . . . . . . . . 111
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(203-681):FABRICAND DECORATION
. .. ..... . .. . ....... . . . .. ... ..... . .129 111 126
DECORATED FINE WARES .
Corinthian black figure (203-274) . .. . . . . . Corinthian Conventionalizing (275-285) .... ... Corinthian outline style (286-292) . ...... . . ..
Sam Wide Group (293-297)
..
..
..
.. ....
.......
134
136 138
Corinthian red figure (298-304) .. . .. . . .. ..... .. . . ... .... Non-Corinthian black figure (305-329) ... ... . . . ............ Non-Corinthian red figure (330-370). . . .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 NON-FIGURED FINE WARES (371-499). .... ... . . . . . . ..... MINIATURES (500-594) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .... .. PLASTICWARES (595-602) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HEADS ATTACHED TO VASES
KITCHEN VESSELS: COARSE
151
168
178
(603-628) .
AND
WARE
Coarse ware (629-644) . .. Cooking fabric (645-660). ......
............ COOKING FABRIC (629-660) . . .......................... ... ........ . .

. .
....
..
.
.... ........
............
179
.
183
. .
183 .. . 186
188 191
PERIRRHANTERIA ............................ (661-674). POST-CLASSICAL PHIALAI(675-681). ... ..

CONCORDANCE OF POTTERY . . . .
..
..
. ...
. . . . . .
.......
197
213
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR FINDSPOTS AT CORINTH OUTSIDE THE SANCTUARY LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS INDEXES .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 211
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. General Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. Index of DecorativeSchemes,Graffiti,and Dipinti III. Index of Findspots and Proveniences. . . . . IV. Index of Painters, Potters, and Workshops . . .
PLATES
. . . . .. . . . ... . .. .
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 ........... 230 . . ... .......... 231 . . . . ... . .. 234
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES IN TEXT
1. Small hydriai (hydriskoi),profiles .... 2. Lekane and krater,profiles ........ 3. Oinochoai,profiles .......... 4. Wide-neckedpitcher 156, profile .... 5. Kalathoi and kalathiskoi,profiles .... 6. Kotylai, profiles ......... 7. Skyphoi,profiles ........... ....... . 8. Cups, profiles. 9. Phialai, profiles .......... 10. Kantharoi,profiles ....... .. 11. One-handledcups, profiles . ... 12. Bowls, profiles. . ......... 13. Small bowls with beveledrims, profiles . 14. Moldmade relief bowl 193, profile .... 15. Saucers,profiles ......... 16. Plates, profiles ........... 17. Aryballoi,profiles ........... . 18. Attic guttus askos 135, profile ... 19. Pyxides and lids, profiles. ........ 20. Perforatedcylindricalvessels, profiles. . 21. Miscellanea, profiles ...... 22. Coarse-warekitchenvessels, profiles . . 23, 24. Cooking-fabricvessels, profiles . .. 11 14 16 19 21 27 29 31 32 35 . 37 40 . . 44 46 48 51 54 . 55 57 59 . 62 67 .. . 70, 71 25. Pyxis lid 29, decoration ......... 26. Corinthianblack-figuredoinochoai, decoration. . ............. 27. Corinthianblack-figuredbottle 215, . decoration. ............ 28. Corinthianblack-figuredpyxis-kalathos217, profile and decoration .......... 29. Corinthianblack-figuredkotylai, decoration. .............. 30. Corinthianblack-figuredlekanoidbowl 236, decoration. . . . . . . .. . . . ... 31. Corinthianblack-figuredpyxides and lids, decoration. . .......... . 32. Corinthianblack-figuredphiale 280, decoration. ........... 33. Corinthianoutline-stylekrater290, decorationin actual state and restored. .. 34. Corinthianoutline-stylekotyle 292, decoration. .............. 35. Sam Wide plate 295, decoration...... 36. Hemisphericalbowl, C-65-377, profile . . . 37. CasseroleI 658 ............ 38. Post-Classicalphialai, profiles ...... 83 113 114 115 116 119 123 128 132 133 135 162 187 193
PLATES
Viewsoffindspots 1. Groups 1, 3, and 7 2. Group 4 3. Groups 5, 8, and 9 Pottery 4. Group 1 5. Group 2 6, 7. Group 3 8. Group 4 9. Group 5 10-14. Group 6 15-17. Group 7 18. Group 8 19. Groups 8 and 9 20. Group 10 21. Group 11 22-28. CorinthianBlack Figure 29, 30. CorinthianConventionalizing 31. CorinthianOutline Style 32. CorinthianOutline Style. Sam Wide Group 33. CorinthianRed Figure 34-36. Non-CorinthianBlack Figure 37-43. Non-CorinthianRed Figure 44-49. Non-figured Fine Wares 50-52. Miniatures 53. Plastic Wares. Heads Attachedto Kalathoiand Pyxides 54. Heads Attachedto Kalathoi 55. Heads Attachedto Kalathoiand Pyxides 56. Heads 57-59. KitchenVessels 60, 61. Perirrhanteria Plans Plan A Plan B
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Sanctuaryof Demeterand Koreon Acrocorinth Stroud, R. S., "PreliminaryReport I: 1961-1962," Hesperia 34, 1965, pp. 1-24 ,"Preliminary Report II: 1964-1965," Hesperia 37, 1968, pp. 299-330 Bookidis,N., "PreliminaryReport III: 1968,"Hesperia 38, 1969, pp. 297-310 Bookidis,N. and J. E. Fisher, "PreliminaryReport IV: 1969-1970," Hesperia 41, 1972, pp. 283-331 , "PreliminaryReport V: 1971-1973," Hesperia 43, 1974, pp. 267-307 Daux, G., "Chroniquesdes fouilles en 1962,"BCH 87, 1963, pp. 726-727 , "Chroniquesdes fouilles 1963,"BCH 88, 1964, pp. 693-697 , "Chroniquesdes fouilles 1964,"BCH 89, 1965, pp. 756-761 Michaud, J.-P., "Chroniquesdes fouilles en 1968 et 1969,"BCH 94, 1970, p. 953 , "Chroniquesdes fouilles en 1970,"BCH 95, 1971, p. 858 , "Chroniquesdes fouilles en 1971,"BCH 96, 1972, p. 636 , "Chroniquesdes fouilles en 1972,"BCH 97, 1973, p. 293 , "Chroniquesdes fouilles en 1973,"BCH 98, 1974, pp. 600-601 Aupert, P., "Chroniquesdes fouilles en 1975,"BCH 100, 1976, pp. 602, 604-606 Pemberton, E. G., "Vase Painting in Ancient Corinth,"Archaeology31, November-December 1978, pp. 27-33 Rutter, J. B., "The Last Mycenaeansat Corinth,"Hesperia 48, 1979, pp. 348-392 General
Amyx, CorVP = D. A. Amyx, Corinthian Vase-Painting of the Archaic Period, Berkeley/Los Angeles/Lon-
don 1988 . See also CorinthVII, ii

Agora XII = B. A. Sparkes and L. Talcott, The Athenian Agora, XII, Black and Plain Pottery of the 6th, 5th
and 4th CenturiesB.C., Princeton1970 ABV= J. D. Beazley, Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters,London 1956 AR V2= J. D. Beazley, Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters,London 1962 Beazley, J. D. See ABV, ARV2, Paralipomena Boardman and Hayes, Tocra= J. Boardmanand J. Hayes, Excavationsat Tocra, The Archaic Pottery, London 1966, 1973 Brann, E., "A Well of the 'Corinthian'Period found in Corinth,"Hesperia 25, 1956, pp. 350-374 Braun, K., "Der Dipylon-Brunnen B1, Die Funde, Part I," AthMitt 85, 1970, pp. 129-196 Campbell, M. T., "A Well of the Black-FiguredPeriod at Corinth,"Hesperia 7, 1938, pp. 557-611 BCH 86, 1962, pp. 117-164 Callipolitis-Feytmans= D. Callipolitis-Feytmans,"Le plat corinthien," = N. Coldstream,The Sanctuaryof Demeterand Koreat Knossos,Oxford 1973 Coldstream,Knossos Corinth
VII, i: S. S. Weinberg, The Geometric and Orientalizing Pottery, Cambridge, Mass. 1943
VII, ii: D. A. Amyx and P. Lawrence, Archaic CorinthianPottery and the Anaploga Well, Princeton 1975 VII, iii: G. R. Edwards, CorinthianHellenistic Pottery,Princeton1975
VII, iv: S. Herbert, The Red-figure Pottery, Princeton 1977
xii
XII: G. R. Davidson, The Minor Objects,Princeton1952 XIII: C. W. Blegen, H. Palmer, and R. S. Young, The North Cemetery,Princeton1964
XV, ii: A. N. Stillwell, The Potters' Quarter, The Terracottas, Princeton 1952 XV, iii: A. N. Stillwell and J. L. Benson, The Potters' Quarter, The Pottery, Princeton 1984 XVIII, ii: K. W. Slane, The Sanctuary of Demeter, Roman Pottery and Lamps, forthcoming De'los XXXI = A. Laumonier, Exploration archeologique de De'los, XXXI, i, La ce'ramique helle'nistique a reliefs, Ateliers "ioniens", Paris 1978
Edwards, C. M., "Corinth1980: Molded Relief Bowls,"Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 189-210 Edwards, G. R. See CorinthVII, iii Iozzo, M., "CorinthianBasins on High Stands,"Hesperia 56, 1987, pp. 355-416 Lawrence, P. See CorinthVII, ii Miller, Stella G., "Menon'sCistern,"Hesperia 43, 1974, pp. 194-245
NC= H. Payne, Necrocorinthia, London 1931 Olynthus XIII = D. M. Robinson, Olynthus, XIII, Vases Found in 1934 and 1938, Baltimore 1950 Paralipomena = J. D. Beazley, Paralipomena, Oxford 1971 Payne. See NC, Perachora I Pease, M. Z., "A Well of the Late Fifth Century at Corinth," Hesperia 6, 1937, pp. 257-316 Pemberton, E. G., "The Attribution of Corinthian Bronzes," Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 101-111
, "Ten Hellenistic Graves in Ancient Corinth,"Hesperia 54, 1985, pp. 271-307
, "The Vrysoula Classical Deposit from Ancient Corinth," Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 265-307 See also above, The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore Perachora I = H. Payne et al., Perachora, The Sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia, Oxford 1930 Perachora II = Perachora, The Sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia II, T. J. Dunbabin, ed., London
__
1962
Thompson, H. A., "Two Centuries of Hellenistic Pottery," Hesperia 3, 1934, pp. 311-480 (repr. in H. A. Thompson, D. B. Thompson, and S. I. Rotroff, Hellenistic Pottery and Terracottas, Princeton 1987)
Vanderpool, E., "The Rectangular Rock-cut Shaft,"Hesperia 7, 1938, pp. 363-411; Hesperia 15, 1946, pp. 265-336
, "Some Black-Figured Pottery from the Athenian Agora," Hesperia 15, 1946, pp. 120-137 Wallenstein, K., Korinthische Plastik, Bonn 1971 Weinberg, S. S., "Corinthian Relief Ware: Pre-Hellenistic Period," Hesperia 23, 1954, pp. 109-137 _ . See also Corinth VII, i
Williams, C. K., II, "Excavationsat Corinth, 1968,"Hesperia 38, 1969, pp. 36-63 , "Corinth,1972: The Forum Area,"Hesperia 42, 1973, pp. 1-44 Williams, C. K., II, J. Macintosh, and J. E. Fisher, "Excavationsat Corinth, 1973," Hesperia 43, 1974, pp. 1-76 Williams, C. K., II and J. E. Fisher, "Corinth,1975: Forum Southwest,"Hesperia 45, 1976, pp. 99-162 Williams, C. K., II, "Corinth,1976: Forum Southwest,"Hesperia 46, 1977, pp. 40-81 , "Corinth,1977: Forum Southwest,"Hesperia 47, 1978, pp. 1-39 , "Corinth,1978: Forum Southwest,"Hesperia 48, 1979, pp. 105-144
"Corinth Excavations, 1979," Hesperia 49, 1980, pp. 107-134 ,_ Williams, C. K., II and P. Russell, "Corinth: Excavations of 1980," Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 1-44 Williams, C. K., II and J. E. Fisher, "Corinth, 1971: Forum Area," Hesperia 41, 1972, pp. 143-184
xiii
GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS
D. dim. EC est. f.o. H. L. LC = diameter = dimension = Early Corinthian = = = = = estimated filling ornament height length Late Corinthian
LPC = Late Protocorinthian

max. MC PC p. rest. Th. W.
=
EPC = Early Protocorinthian
= = = = = =
maximum Middle Corinthian Protocorinthian preserved restored thickness width
ABBREVIATIONS OF PERIODICALS AND SERIES

AJA BCH CVA GRBS MEFRA SEG = = = = = = AmericanJournalof Archaeology Bulletin de correspondance hellenique Corpusvasorumantiquorum Greek,Roman and Byzantine Studies et Me'langesd'archeologie d'histoire(Ecole franpaisede Rome) graecum Supplementumepigraphicum
GLOSSARY
The Glossary defines the descriptive terms used in this volume, listed from the bottom of the vase to the top (foot to lip), just as the vases are described. Subdivisions in each area are in alphabetical order.
FOOT
The articulatedbottomof the vase. If there is no articulation,as with olpai or phialai, the vase has a restingsurface. 1. Disk Vertical exterior face, flat wide resting surface with little inner articulation.See 50 (Fig. 3). 2. Pedestal Conical inner face; exterior face is molded, usually with concaveupper face, projectingledge, convexlower face, narrow resting surface (also known as foot in two degrees).Typical of kantharoi.See 84 (Fig. 10). 3. Ring Sloping exterior face, well-articulated inner face. Typical of kotylai. See 3 (Fig. 6). 4. Ring (plate) Almost a half-round, often double. Characteristicof the ArchaicCorinthianplate. See 238 (Fig. 16). 5. False ring Sloping exterior face, little or no articulation of the inner face. Characteristicof some small hydriai. See 138 (Fig. 1).
FLOOR
6. Vertical ring Vertical exterior face, articulatedinner face, usually vertical, sometimes sloping. Typical of Hellenistic saucers.See 94 (Fig. 15). 7. Stem or conical Tall, with widely out-flaring, often concaveexterior face, deeply cut out inside, so that the profile resembles a truncatedcone. The outer edge of the foot may be heavy or thin. Typical of Attic kylikes. See 318 (P1. 35). On some saucers, the undersurfacebecomes so recessedthat the inner face of the foot approachesa conicalform:hence,proto-conical.See 132 (Fig. 15). 8. Torus Two changes of directionon exterior face; flat, relatively wide resting surface;sharp articulationof inner face. Typical of skyphoi. See 43 (Fig. 7).
Inner, generally horizontalsurfaceof the vessel, createdby the wall.

UNDERSURFACE
Bottomexteriorsurfaceof the vessel. It may be nippled (centralthickening,or even small cone),or inset (not continand uous with the bottomof the wall, as in some Attic saltcellars).If the vessel has no foot, the undersurface the resting surfaceare the same. Often, vases with ring or disk feet have slightly concaveundersurfaces.
WALL
The part of the vase enclosingthe contents. 1. Beveled Pronounced outward turn above the foot or resting surface, at the bottom of the wall. Typical of type 3 kalathiskoi.See 35 (Fig. 5). 2. Biconical A carinated wall with the lower and upper parts of equal dimensionsand equal profile. See 478 (P1.48). 3. Carinated Wall with offset change of direction,without the continuous profile of the wall with compoundcurve. See 658 (Fig. 24). 4. Compoundcurve Wall continuously and noticeably convex to concave (or vice-versa). Typical of the later stages of the skyphos.See 115 (Fig. 7).
xvi
GLOSSARY 7. Ovoid Wall with maximum diametereither above the midpoint (high ovoid) or below the midpoint (low ovoid). See, respectively,34 (PI. 6) and 135 (Fig. 18). 8. Vertical Wall without change in diameter. Also known as cylindrical,when quite tall, as with some lekythoi.See 45 (P1.7).
5. Flaring Wall expanding in diameter from the foot or resting surface without any significant turn in. It may be straight, convex, or concaveflaring in profile. See, respectively,13 (P1.4), 3 (Fig. 6), and 9 (P1.4). 6. Globular Convex wall with the maximum diameterin the middle. See 96 (P1. 13).
SHOULDER
Characteristiconly of closed vessels. Area between wall and neck or rim, enclosingthe upper part of the vase.
NECK
Characteristiconly of closedvessels. Noticeable stem, of varyingheights and widths, between shoulderand rim.
MOUTH
Often used as the term for the upper area of a closed vase, including rim and lip. Not used in this study except for two commonlyknown terms:trefoilmouth,typical of oinochoai,and cut-awaymouth, for a spout with the upper area open.
RIM
The upper terminationof the vessel, clearlyoffset from the wall or neck. Many vessels have no rim;the wall ends in a lip, without any offsetting.The rim has a lip (the area over which liquid pours);but everylip is not necessarilypart of a rim. 1. Beveled Outward projection, turning in to the lip. Characteristic of a type of small bowl, so named. See 92 (Fig. 13). 2. Flaring Rim projectingoutwards, without any thickening or other distinctivequality. See 73 (Fig. 2). 3. Folded Rim rectangularin section,with a flat top and vertical face. Found on some kraters, some mortars. See 639 (Fig. 22). 4. Inturned Distinctive turn in to the interior of the vessel but of without a sharp bevel. Characteristic echinus bowls and some forms of saltcellars.See 447 (Fig. 12). 5. Outturnedor concave Concave outer face, flaring out from the wall. Found on some kylikes and krateriskoi.See 508 (P1. 50). 6. Outturned(bowl) Specificform of bowl, known in Athens as rolled rim. The term was used in CorinthVII, iii and is retained here for consistency.See 449, 451 (Fig. 12). 7. Outward thickened Turning out from the wall, thicker than the wall below the rim. See 10 (P1.4). 8. Overhanging Rim with noticeable descent past the line of projection. See 75 (P1. 10). 9. Triangular Outwardlyprojectingrim, triangularin profile.Typical of many small hydriai. See 182 (Fig. 1). 10. Two degrees Rim with two differentprofiles of the outer face. See 372 (PI. 44).
GLOSSARY
RIM (PLATE)
xvii
Terms used to distinguishthe distinctiveprofilesof plates. 1. Convex Rim convex on its upper profile, used for the flaring rim of the 6th- and 5th-century plates. See 27 (Fig. 16). 2. Flat Articulatedboth by changeof directionand by grooves or ridges. The rim is nearly horizontal. See 197 (Fig. 16). 3. Offset Grooveon upper face, markingrim off from the wall; there is little or no articulationbetween the wall and rim. See 472 (P1.48).
LiP Top edge of vessel over which liquid would flow or on which the drinker'smouth would rest. 1. Flattened Flat upper face. See 87 (Fig. 11). 2. Peaked Lip rises to a pronouncedpeak at the top. Often found with the triangularrim. See 35 (Fig. 5).
FLANGE
3. Rounded Plain roundedterminationof the wall. See 3 (Fig. 6). 4. Tapered Rounded as No. 3 but narrower in width than the wall. See 40 (Fig. 6).
A separateprojectionor ledge made to receivea lid. On lekanides,the flange is the projectingarea with horizontal upper face;the verticalrise is the rim. On lopades,it is the inner diagonalprojection.On lids, the flange is the vertical face made to be set on the flange of the bowl; it may be continuouswith the lid surface or recessedas on pyxis lids. Flange is also used to describeprojectingledges, as on epichyseisand the perforatedcylindricalvessels, although these projectionsdo not receivelids.
HANDLES
1. Canted Set below the lip and tilted up to the line of the lip. See 115 (Fig. 7). 2. Horseshoe Round in section,with rootsset close to each other,the outer handle flaring out to form a horseshoein plan. Typical of later skyphoi. See 410 (Fig. 7). 3. Loop Round in section, forming an oval in plan and set at the top of the wall; nearly horizontal.See 3 (Fig. 6). 4. Lug Solid projectinghandle, often diagonal on the outer verticalface. See 21 (P1.4). 5. Ninety-degree Handle beginning with a horizontal projection,then
turning up at a sharp 90? angle at the outer edge. Typical of later hydriai. See 138 (Fig. 1). 6. Reflex Curved loop handle with projecting ends. See 536 (P1. 51). 7. Ring Handle in the form of a vertical ring. See 135 (Fig. 18). 8. Strap Wide, flat verticalhandle. See 1 (P1.4). 9. Wishbone Round in section, horizontal or slightly diagonal in projection;loop form, but with upward projectionat outer edge, thus giving it the name. See 414 (Fig. 8).
PREFACE
Over the years, many scholars have helped immeasurably, by discussion, by letter, and through publications.
Accordingly,I wish to thank D. A. Amyx, J. L. Benson, D. von Bothmer, N. Bookidis,H. A. G. Brijder,

C. M. Edwards, G. R. Edwards, J. Fisher, R. Guy, S. Herbert, L. Kahil, C. Koehler, P. Lawrence, I. D.
McPhee, M. B. Moore, S. I. Rotroff,J. Salmon,L. Siegel, K. W. Slane, E. L. Smithson,R. S. Stroud,H. A.

Thompson, and C. K. Williams, II. They are certainly not responsible for any errors or omissions.
For the photographs,I am indebtedto J. Heyl and particularlyto I. Ioannidesand L. Bartzioti;for the
profiles and restored drawings, to D. Peck, M. Palaima, and J. Ingram. I am grateful to W. B. Dinsmoor, Jr. for his architectural work in the Sanctuary and to David Peck for his plan, printed here as Plan A. Three
fine potmendershave recreatedvessels out of displacedsmall fragments,the laborof many years. S. Bouzaki helped immenselyby her fine work of restorationand conservation. The Universityof Maryland at College Park was very generouswith sabbaticalsin 1972 and 1979/1980,
and with grants from the General Research Board for the summers of 1970, 1974, and 1978. Without the facilities and the support of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and the Corinth excavation
staff, this volume would never have been possible.

Above all I am indebted to the Corinthians. When I was asked to work on the pottery from the Demeter
Sanctuary, I acceptedfor a number of reasons. First, I knew how varied and importantthe material was. Moreover,the study would be done in Corinth,a wonderfulplace to work. And most important,I would be
able to collaborate with three scholars and friends, Nancy Bookidis, Ronald Stroud, and Charles K. Williams, II. As a token of thanks for their patience in working with me, for reading countless drafts of the manuscript, and for constant support and advice, I dedicate this volume to them, and to my husband, Ian
McPhee, for similar reasons.

ELIZABETH G. PEMBERTON MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
February, 1983
INTRODUCTION
THE SITE The Sanctuaryof Demeter and Kore is locatedsouth of the centerof the ancient city, on the north slope of Acrocorinth.It was either on or near to a road that led up to the citadel, along which were many other sanctuaries,briefly noted by Pausanias. In 1961, R. S. Strouddug for one monthin what was to be revealedas part of the Middle Terrace;excavations resumedunderhis supervisionin 1962 and 1964-1965; in 1965 he was joinedby Nancy Bookidis,who assumedresponsibilityfor the work in 1968. She continuedthe excavationseach year through 1973, with a final season in 1975.2 When excavationsceased, the area measuredin its maximum dimensions90 meters
east-west and 55 north-south, although not all that area was completely uncovered.
The Sanctuaryis organizedinto three terraces,sloping to the north. The highest one has theatral areas,
Roman temples, and other buildings. The Middle Terrace is dominated by a Hellenistic stoa but also contains some of the earliest architecture. The Lower Terrace is covered by dining rooms and preserves evidence for the road, either the one coming directly from the city or a separate road leading to the Sanctuary from the main Acrocorinth thoroughfare. The north-south limits of the Sanctuary appear to have been found, but the dining rooms continue to east and to west. The Sanctuary boundaries on these sides are not known. We believe that all these rooms are still part of the Demeter and Kore complex, not of adjacent sanctuaries, on the basis of the kinds of pottery and figurines found in the rooms (see Plan A). The first indisputable evidence of a functioning Sanctuary on the site is the 7th-century material of Group 1 (pp. 79-81). There is earlier material from the Mycenaean and Geometric periods, but it seems to be more appropriate for a domestic establishment.3 The relatively small amount of Protocorinthian material is more difficult to interpret. There are fragments of Protocorinthian in many lots, usually with material of much later date.4 But a few contexts in grid location O-P:22-23 contain fragments of pottery more chrono-
logicallylimited. Lot 2235 is the most interestingof these;the potteryfromit is very fragmentary, totaling82 sherds:8 from oinochoai,31 kotylai, 5 pyxis-kalathoi,14 small flaring kalathoi, 1 kraterrim, and 23 undeterminable (coarse ware or indistinguishablebody fragments). Of the oinochoai, two appear to be from earlier 7th-centuryconicalexamples (neck,base);the othersare wall sherds,mostlyblackglazedwith added purple and white. The 31 kotylai are comprisedof 1 handle fragment,8 feet, and 22 wall sherds.The feet may be the most diagnostic,although from small kotylai and badly broken.One is probablylater 7th century, with a double foot and decorationof coursinghounds;5 may be EPC or MPC, with the characteristic small neat foot and no color on the undersurface; may be LPC, showing a slightly wider resting surface;1 1 is too poorly preservedto attempt to date it. There are also several small wall fragmentswith linear decokalathoi ration, made of fine fabricbut without sufficientcriteriafor close dating.Severalof the fragmentary to the earlier 7th century,decoratedwith pairs of fine lines, but they too are insufficientlypremay belong served;the shape is notoriouslyconservative. Lots 2236 and 2238 fromthe same grid locationalso have early material.Lot 2236 has 86 sherds,of which 7 might be Protocorinthian kotylai, 1 oinochoe,1 cup?). Lot 2238 contains57 sherds,of which 7 also seem (5 Protocorinthian(3 kotylai, 1 kalathos, 1 vertical handle, 2 wall fragments).Lot 4359, the material found
1 Pausanias, 11.4.6-7;a full accountof the topographywill appear in the architecturalvolume of the Sanctuaryseries. reportssee Bibliography. 3 Rutter, Hesperia 48, 1979, for the Mycenaean material. 4 For example, lot 2044 (grid location Q:25-26), with a terminal date in the later 5th century,contains a fragmentof a krater wall and horizontalstrap handle very similar to C-31-41, of the late 8th century(CorinthVII, i, no. 103, p. 35). There are also PC fragments in lots primarily filled with Geometricmaterial, as lot 6941 (grid location H:20), with kotylai wall fragments,a few flaring kalathoi, and a conical oinochoehandle. The Geometricmaterialfrom the Demeter Sanctuarywill be publishedseparately.
2 For excavation
INTRODUCTION
below the floor of Pit E (see Group 4, pp. 87-88), consists of 72 sherds, primarily from the 5th century. But there are also 2 Protocorinthian kotyle feet, 6 possible Protocorinthian kotyle walls, 5 flaring kalathos fragments (with pairs of fine lines), 1 early conical oinochoe base, and 1 cup rim fragment. Other Protocorinthian fragments are scattered throughout the Sanctuary. As will become evident in the
of that is, chronologically next section, few strata in the Sanctuaryare "clean", limited, as is characteristic a hillside site with a long history of continuousbuilding. I think, however, that it is fair to argue for some
activity in the area of grid location O-P:22-23, possibly as early as the early 7th century. One notes that the shapes represented by the Protocorinthian fragments from that grid area are the same as those of Group 1, a
votive deposit: kotylai, kalathoi, oinochoai. How extensive this activity was, when it began, and even its
precise religious nature cannot be more definitely determined on the basis of the limited and fragmentary
potteryevidence.
The period of great growth in the Sanctuary was in the 6th century (see Group 2, pp. 81-84); the dedications and other vessels continue without lessening in quantity throughout the Classical period. The
cult apparently flourished even after the destructiveearthquakesof the later 4th century (see Group 6, pp. 91-96) and continued until 146 B.C. (Groups 10 and 11, pp. 105-109). The Hellenistic material is
scanty in comparison to the great amounts of material from earlier periods. Much of the building and of the cult activity in the Hellenistic period took place on the Lower Terrace (the dining rooms); there the fill is the most shallow in the Sanctuary, and consequently not so much material was retained in situ. The Sanctuarywas renewed under the Romans after the restorationof Corinth in 44 B.C.5 How much activity there was in the so-called interim period of 146-44 is arguable. A few fragments appear to belong to
that period, as do some coins.6Although there is not nearly the evidencefor activityduringthat periodin the
Demeter Sanctuary that there is in the Lower City, we ought not to dismiss all such difficult fragments as
chancestrays. There are also some vessels, notablythe large plain kotylai405-409 and the phialai 675-681, that cannot be labeled as definitelyGreek or Roman. Consequently,distincthorizonsfor the beginningand end of the Sanctuaryin both the Greek and Roman phases are not always clear.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE POTTERY

This volume discusses the pottery of the Sanctuaryfrom the LPC period to 146
B.C.,
the bulk of which is
Corinthian. The reader will quickly be aware that most of this pottery comes not from sealed and limited contexts but from large dumped fills with a long range of dates. This situation reflects the larger problem of the lack of such defined contexts in most periods of Corinth's history. Weinberg's volume of Protocorinthian
and Corinthianmaterial, articlesby Brann and Campbell,and the recentpublicationby Lawrence7present variedmaterial from the Archaicperiod,usually datedby the attributionof figuredpiecesto specificperiods,
painters, or both; the chronology is based on Payne's framework. Many of the contexts of these vessels have a
long range of dates8and do not necessarilyverify the standarddates first assignedto the differentperiodsof Archaic Corinthian vases by Payne. Payne's dates have been challengedby scholars studying Corinthian material found outside Corinth.9 Possibly the most accurate way of dating is by shape development,a methodwhich is not as yet as well publishedfor Corinthianpotteryas it is for Attic.'0
Sanctuaryafter the Roman renewal, see CorinthXVIII, ii by K. W. Slane, forthcoming. period, see below, p. 4. 7 Weinberg, CorinthVII, i; Brann,Hesperia 25, 1956; Campbell,Hesperia 7,1938; Lawrence,AnaplogaWell in CorinthVII, ii. 8 See the dates of many of the earliest depositsin CorinthVII, iii; the contextsof many of the groupsin CorinthVII, i are not very limited. For example, of the Protocorinthianmaterial, nos. 136-143 came from a well at the northwest corner of the museum (Well Z [well 1931-8], depositno. 42 in CorinthVII, iii). But other materialfromWell Z goes into the Hellenistic period.It appears to be a dump fill, not a use accumulation. 9 See the summary in J. N. Coldstream, Greek GeometricPottery, London 1968, Absolute Chronology:Foundation of the evidencefor foundationdatesof all the Western Colonies, pp. 322-327. There is also a useful table of the literaryand archaeological colonies in CambridgeAncient History III, iii, Cambridge1982, pp. 160-162. 10 Importantdiscussionsof the kotyle foot in Lawrence, CorinthVII, ii, figs. 1 and 2, pp. 76-77; skyphosrims (Thapsos class) in
6 For discussionof the interim
5 For the
INTRODUCTION
The chronologyof 5th-centuryCorinthianpotteryis firmlybased on the vases found in a well, published The North Cemeterygravesmay not be entireby M. Z. Pease in 1937; Attic importsprovidedthe dating.11 Graves also often containheirlooms,so ly reliable;some shapes show discrepanciesin their development.12 that all the contentsin a particulargrave may not be of the same date. Chronologicalproblemsbecomeeven more apparentin the later 4th century,for many depositsexcavated in the Forum, and datedin relationshipto the construction the South Stoa for the League of Corinth,may of have to be redated.Briefly,the argumentis as follows. In the later 4th century,Corinthwas hit by one or two bad earthquakes.13 The destruction(s)led to filling and rebuildingoperationsin differentparts of the city. The Potters'Quarter,Tile Works, Asklepieion,and other sites were badly damaged;some were abandoned. In the area later occupiedby the Roman Forum, there was a large drain runningby buildingsin the southern sector.A coin in one of the destroyedbuildings is dated 339-318 B.C.14 Sometimein the 20-year period,
the drain was filled with discarded pottery when the buildings went out of use. The pottery belongs to the
third quarterof the 4th century,most of it late ratherthan early in that quarter,with strongresemblanceto
pottery of the same period from the Athenian Agora.15 The South Stoa was built over part of those demolished buildings. Possibly the coin could have been minted and discardedin a very short space of time,just beforethe earthquake(thus 338 or 337 B.C.), but the accumulated evidence suggests that the abandonment of the buildings, causing the filling in of the drain, is
closerto 325. Thus it seems inevitablethat the South Stoa must be dissociatedfrom Philip and the establishment of the League of Corinth in 337 B.C.The building of the large South Stoa may not have been historically or politically motivated but, rather, provided a necessary replacement for buildings destroyed by the natural catastrophe.
of As a result, those deposits in CorinthVII, iii listed as relevantfor the construction the South Stoa may
have to be down dated.16 Material published in this volume may be as much as a quarter century later in
proposeddates than similar material in CorinthVII, iii.17This redatingdoes not invalidatethe remarkable work of G. Roger Edwards.His relativechronology,as set out in CorinthVII, iii, is in most cases supported
by subsequent finds; only the absolute dating may have to be revised. A similar situation holds for the pioneer work of H. A. Thompson on the Hellenistic material found in the Athenian Agora, the absolute dates for which have been revised on the basis of the Koroni pottery and the contents of Menon's Cistern.18 There are in ancient Corinth as yet virtually no limited sealed deposits from the Hellenistic period. All the South Stoa wells, the more recently discovered Forum wells, and fills in the Demeter Sanctuary19 show long
C. W. Neeft, "Observations the Thapsos Class," MEFRA 93, 1981 (pp. 7-88), fig. 7, p. 29. For later material see especially on Edwards, CorinthVII, iii (Classical as well as Hellenistic);also Pemberton,bandedlekythoi,Hesperia 39, 1970, fig. 4, p. 279; and observationsby Williams in many Corinthexcavationreports,for example Hesperia 48, 1979, catalogueentrieson potteryfromthe Punic Amphora Building, pp. 118-124. Koehler'swork (forthcomingas CorinthXIX, i) on Corinthiantransportamphorasis inhenceAgoraXII of valuable. It must be notedthat a numberof Corinthianshapes parallelthe development their Attic counterparts; is of great use. 11Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937; the publicationof the Vrysoula deposit, which is essentially contemporary,is based on the earlier work: Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970. 12 Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, discussionin note 6, p. 268. 13 Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, pp. 115-116. 14 Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41,1972, p. 153; coin no. 185, p. 182, Salamis.See also cistern 1979-1 and its relationshipto the South Stoa: Williams, Hesperia 49, 1980, pp. 120-121.
15 See footnote 18 below.
16
In particular,depositsnos. 79 (well 1937-1), 80 (drain 1937-1), and 90 (pit 1937-1).
17This change is based on the chronologyof the material from the 1971 Forum drain (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972,
pp. 155-163; drain 1971-1) and other debris associatedwith the earthquake.For example, skyphosC-37-2493, no. 328 in Corinth VII, iii, p. 70, is dated to the second quarter of the 4th century. A skyphoswith similar profile from the 1971-1 drain, C-71-194 (Hesperia 41, 1972, no. 28, p. 157), is third quarter. Princeton 1987 (reprint of 18 See H. A. Thompson, D. B. Thompson, and S. I. Rotroff, Hellenistic Pottery and Terracottas, problemsand the historyof scholarshipon Thompson, Hesperia 3,1934). Rotroffs preface,pp. 1-18, summarizesthe chronological early Hellenistic dating. 19South Stoa wells: Corinth VII, iii, deposits nos. 95-118; recent Forum wells: well 1975-1, well 1975-5 (see Index III for references),also Katsouliswell, 1965-3; in the Demeter Sanctuary:Groups 7-11, cisternat N:26 (cistern 1965-1), lots 4478-4482.
INTRODUCTION
ranges of dates, and many (including almost all the South Stoa wells)20 are filled with unstratified dump
of There are no wells that show a steady unfrom the reconstruction the city by the Romans after 44 B.C.21 contaminateduse fill. Hellenistic gravesare also very sparse;domesticfills are unknown.
In addition, and potentially more important, there is what might be called the "146 dilemma". It is possible that Corinth was not entirely abandoned in the 100 years after Mummius' sack; not only are there
but imports found that date to the interim period,22 also a ceramicindustrymay have existed during part of the period, although on a much reducedscale.23
Excavations in the Forum area have produced many more fragments of Hellenistic pottery datable after 146, particularly significant for certain types of vessels once thought to be chronologically fixed, especially
the relief bowls with long petals.24The link between 146 and the introductionof the long-petal bowls was
made over forty years ago: ". . . in the older part of the Stoa of Attalos ... 159-138 B.C.... there was not a fragment of a bowl with long petals. But a few specimens of this type have been found in Corinth (destroyed
in 146 B.c.)."25The recentstudy of C. M. Edwardsof relief bowls found in the 1980 excavationsof Corinth shows how many long-petal and linear-patterned formsare to be foundat AncientCorinth.26 There are two
possible interpretations. First, long-petal bowls and similar late types may have been introduced consider-
Second,a ceramicindustrymay have existed at Corinth (or Sikyon?) ably earlier than ca. 150 at Corinth.27
during some of the years after 146 and before 44 B.C., accounting for the numbers of these late Hellenistic forms. The two alternatives are not mutually exclusive. With either alternative (or both), 146 B.C. is no longer a terminus post et/aut ante quem for certain ceramic evidence. The consequences of this unreliability must be considered with regard to other material at other sites. The problem of the interim period does not appear to be so serious for the Demeter Sanctuary as for the Lower City. There are only a few fragments that seem to be post 146 and ante 44: 191, 462, 463, 472, 473. It is likely that the Sanctuary was dormant for at least one hundred years; 146 B.C. may be used with caution as terminus ante quem for most vessels, but always keeping in mind the evidence from the Lower City. Although some of the dates in Corinth VII, iii may have to be revised, the development of shapes as put forward there is workable for the Demeter Sanctuary material. In arranging a sequence for the Hellenistic pottery in this study, the late third or early fourth quarter of the 4th century and 146 B.C.are the two poles
between which the representativesof the shapes are placed. Certain changes in decorationand profile are visible in a number of potterytypes; it may be arbitraryto assign examples to dates between the poles, but the alternative is to have no dating at all. One may only hope that the proposedrelative chronologiesof shapes in CorinthVII, iii and in this study will be justified by future finds. A more firmly based absolute
chronology for the Hellenistic pottery of Corinth must await the discovery of several chronologically limited and uncontaminated contexts, if they exist.
There is also a question as to whether the South Stoa wells were contemporary with the constructionof the building or were 3rd-centuryadditions. There was a well in front of the building, well 1971-2, open during much of the 3rd century, seemingly unnecessaryif every shop had its own water supply; see Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 171. 21 There is a useful summary of the difficultiesin G. Siebert,Ateliersde bols a reliefsdu Peloponnese(Bibliothequedes Ecoles Franpaises233), Paris 1978, pp. 166-167. See also U. Sinn, Gnomon51, 1979, pp. 269-276, esp. pp. 273-274 (review of Corinth VII, iii). 22 Williams, Hesperia 47, 1978, pp. 21-23; J. Wiseman, Land of the AncientCorinthians(Studiesin Mediterranean Archaeology 50), Goteborg 1978, p. 12, and p. 15, note 25. 23 Most recently,see Edwards,Hesperia 50, 1981, esp. pp. 199 and 205; and Russell in Williams and Russell, Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 42-43, describinglamps possibly made in Corinth after 146 and of the same fabric as that of some moldmaderelief bowls (see Edwards,op. cit., p. 189, note 1). 24 Edwards,op. cit., p. 199 and esp. p. 193. 25 Thompson, Hesperia 3, 1934, pp. 457-458. See the review of this evidenceand expressionof firm belief in 146 as a terminus post quem non for Corinthian ceramics (and long-petal bowls) in F. Kleiner's discussionof New Style Athenian coinage: "The Earliest Athenian New Style Bronze Coins,"Hesperia 44, 1975 (pp. 302-330), pp. 314, 318.
20
26 See footnote 23 above.
27 And possibly at Athens also; the absenceof examples in the fill of the Stoa of Attalos could be fortuitous.See S. I. Rotroff, The Athenian Agora, XXII, Hellenistic Pottery.Athenianand ImportedMoldmadeBowls, Princeton 1982, pp. 35-36.
INTRODUCTION
The catalogue entries and the terminal dates of the lots (contexts) are most often very conservatively dated. Wherever possible, relative chronology is given. Dates are usually by quarter centuries; even vaguer terms such as "late 4th century" or "Archaic" are often employed. Any closer dating for many of the shape examples would be misleading at this point in our study of Corinthian pottery. One can only hope that the relative chronology, based on the work of Payne, Amyx, G. R. Edwards, Williams, and others, will last and that in
the future, through the continuingexcavationsin Ancient Corinth and elsewhere, more precise dating will be possible.
METHODOLOGY
AND ORGANIZATION
OF THE CATALOGUE
The excavations in the Demeter Sanctuary produced a great amount of pottery; when the thousands of terracotta figurines are added, the quantity is astonishing. The 1964/1965 season alone produced 1,080 baskets of sherds. Most of this pottery is small, votive in nature, rather simply decorated, or completely plain,
thus similar to material found in other sanctuariesof Demeter.28In addition,there is material used in the
dining rooms for cooking and eating; there are also some costlier works, intended as more expensive offer-
ings. A few types must have had cult functions.But it is above all the volume of potterythat impressesone, and what that volume may mean. A large population in Corinth?Use of the Sanctuaryby non-Corinthian visitors?Severalrituals during the year with visitorsofferingseveralvessels on each occasion?Use of vessels
only once with immediate discarding of them? Dining rooms functioning not just for cult use but also for
tribal or civic associations?These are questions raised by the amount of pottery found, at this moment unanswerable.
The volume of pottery created specific problems of storage, and it was necessary to discard great amounts: irrelevant lots (surface, mixed fills), undatable sherds (large body fragments and the like). Consequently
precise statisticsof shapes and volume cannotbe given. All fragmentsfrom any usable or significantcontext
were retained, however, including those from large dump fills (see Group 6); all intrinsically important
sherds from insignificantcontextswere also kept.

During the summers of 1970 through 1975, all the context pottery was studied, each lot separately, to
ascertain upper and lower dates. During this work, all decoratedsherds (Corinthianand imported,of all
periods) were extracted and examined for joins. Many lots were re-examined as the author became more aware of particular problems. Wherever possible or necessary, material from the same area, excavated at different times, was examined as a unit to ascertain the chronology of that area or building. Even so, given the amount of pottery and the large area from which fragments of the same vessel could come, most of the
pottery is still very fragmentary.

This study has three functions: 1) dating of the development of the Sanctuary and its buildings through the chronology of the pottery; 2) study of the cult activities through the types of pottery offered and used in the Sanctuary; 3) publication of intrinsically interesting vessels, whether from important contexts or not. Discussion of the first and second functions will be more fully developed in other volumes of the Demeter Sanctuary concerned with architecture and cult activities. It is beyond the scope of this book to treat ex-
haustively all three areas; it is hoped that the publicationwill serve as the groundworkupon which other scholarswill build. The catalogueis dividedinto two parts, so that the differentfunctionsof the study are served.CatalogueI
consists of 11 groups of vases, spanning the Greek history of the Sanctuary. The groups not only summarize some of the important architectural developments of the Sanctuary but also present the types of pottery, votive and domestic, found in all periods. These groups also give some indication of cult activities on the site:
Knossos:Coldstream,Knossos;Tocra: Boardmanand Hayes, Tocra.The sanctuaryat Cyrene appearsto have more imported potteryand certainlymore stone sculpture;but the mass of the potteryis votive.See D. White, "Cyrene'sSanctuaryof Demeterand Persephone,"AJA 85, 1981, pp. 13-30; G. Schaus, The ExtramuralSanctuaryof Demeter and Persephoneat Cyrene, Libya, II, East Greek,Island, and LaconianPottery, Philadelphia 1985, pp. 94-95.
28
INTRODUCTION
Groups 4, 5, and 7 present material from votive pits, deposits from contexts with limited material, primarily
of cult nature. Groups 1, 3, 8, and 9 are deposits of votive discards,material thrown down at one time, of
limited date but not within closed contexts. Groups 2, 6, 10, and 11 are important building fills, from key periods in the history of the Sanctuary, with material that spans a long range of dates. Thus, I have used the term group, not deposit, for these 11 divisions because not all are from closed contexts (in particular the four
building fills).
In the fall of 1979, statistics of weight and number were compiled for the 11 groups. These statistics are not complete: much of the context pottery for some of the groups had already been discarded after preliminary study and notation. This discarded material consisted mostly of undatable body sherds and frag-
ments that were substantially earlier than the bulk of the context and thereforeirrelevantfor dating (see
especially Group 6). All decorated and imported fragments were retained as were any sherds with possible
usefulness for dating.29

The statistics for the quantity of each shape are based on a minimum count. Normally, feet at least half
preservedwere counted but in some cases other parts were used (strainermouths for feeders, rims for lekanai). If an entry lists 8 oinochoaiof differenttypes, it is likely that only foot fragments,or part of a ribbed
wall, or handles provide the basis of the count. The excavators were extremely careful to keep enough of each vessel to show the types of vases present in each context. The published amount in most of the groups is
lower than what was originallyfound, but the relativestatisticsare reliable. Hence, changesin popularityof shape, relative amounts of imports, votive nature of the pottery, and amounts of household and cooking wares are revealedby the figures and are trustworthy.
In the second part of the catalogue, the pottery is arranged not by context but by fabric and decoration.
Many of these pieces are from surface or mixed fills; the context is irrelevant,but the piece is important.
Other vessels are from fills which have chronological value but which contained little that is publishable
(poor condition,insufficientsize); a group could not be created.The potteryin CatalogueII is subdividedby

type: fine and coarse wares, the fine wares further divided by decorative schemes, then by shape, and finally
by date. Each entry has its lot and grid reference,with the latest date of the potteryin the lot cited and any much later Byzantine material noted.
This division of the pottery inevitably leads to separation of shapes. To reunite kindred vases and to provide discussions of the types, shape studies with full listing of all examples of each form, in chronological or-
der, precedethe catalogueproper.These shape studiesprovidethe means for discussionof chronology.Little of that discussionwill be found in the catalogueentries.All examplesof decorativeschemes(red figure,West Slope, and so forth), dividedby the catalogueformat,can be found in Index II.
After much debate and reworking, the present division of the material was considered to be the optimum
one for publishing the pottery of the Demeter Sanctuary in its three different aspects and uses. For any
confusion or exasperation caused by the organization of the catalogue, apologies are offered.
TERMINOLOGY
A glossary of pottery terms is found on pp. xv-xvii. Since no two people seem to agree on specific terms, I have developed my own, loosely based on Corinthian practice, modified to suit special needs. All vases are described from the base or foot, since that is the way that most of the objects were made. Lids are accordingly described from the knob. Corinthian and Attic clays are not described; only those fabrics from other sites are discussed, with Munsell numbers and description of the clay texture. The organization of the shapes in the catalogues follows that of Sparkes and Talcott in Agora XII, with some modification necessary for the
29 The original recordsof the excavations, were noting in great detail the amountscollectedbeforediscarding, tion-house fire of July 3, 1972.
lost in the excava-
INTRODUCTION
peculiarities of the Demeter Sanctuary pottery. The descriptionsof decorationmay seem long, but they attemptto be complete.
There are generally three measurements. D. is maximum diameter wherever found on the vase; other
diametersare specified (D. lip, etc.). H. is always the maximum height without handle;p.H. indicatesthe
maximum preserved height. This maximum height refers to the actual height when measured with correct
orientationof the sherd by wheel marks. If a fragmentis diagonal when so oriented,only the actual extant
height is given, not the height that could be calculated from opposite ends of the fragment. In some cases a maximum dimension is given (max. dim.), especially when the sherd is exceedingly small. Other dimensions are restored (rest.) or estimated (est.). The term "glaze" is retained, although we all recognize that it is a
is misnomer;"added" used to designate the matt colors. In descriptionsof the decoration,"band"signifies discerniblewidth, "line"is very thin, without appreciablewidth.
The bold lower-case letters that identify separate non-joining parts of the same vase refer to the catalogue divisions, arranged from the bottom to the top of the vase. They are not necessarily the same as the original Corinth inventory number divisions (using roman lower-case letters). Where the original Corinth inventory letter (a, b, etc.) is the same as the catalogue letter (a, b, etc.), no clarification is needed. In several cases, however, the letters do not match, and even more troublesome, there are in a few instances several different Corinth inventory numbers for the same vase. To resolve this confusion, the specific catalogue letter is given after the Corinth inventory number, to facilitate citation. See, for example, 221. Where the original Corinth inventory letter (a) is not the same as the catalogue letter (a), the former is placed in parentheses after the latter. See, for example, 287. Dates not otherwise specified are B.C.
SHAPE STUDIES
I. AMPHORAS
Corinthian fine ware 371 fine ware 372 373 imitationCypriot Imported Panathenaic 305 Panathenaic 306 Panathenaic 307 Attic West Slope 191 pre-Hellenistic pre-Hellenistic thirdquarter4th century after 359 B.C. after 359 B.C. after 359 B.C. 146 B.C. or later
P1.44 PI. 44 P1.34 PI. 34 P1.34 P1.21
Group 11
The major type of amphora in the Demeter Sanctuary was the Corinthian transport amphora.1 Fine-ware amphoras, decorated or plain, were not found in any quantity. Excavations in the Forum have produced many examples of imitation Cypriot amphoras, popular in the late 4th century.2 Yet only one fragment, 373, was found in the Sanctuary. Nor were many examples imported from elsewhere, even from Athens; only parts of two Panathenaics represent the popular Athenian shape. The entire Hellenistic period is represented by 191. The functions of the fine-ware amphoras, as with the hydriai, must have been assumed by coarse-ware vessels; or else, and rather incredibly, this shape had no usefulness in cult or dining context. One cannot account for the absence of these shapes by postulating metal examples: there are no extant bronze handles, feet, or rims.3
II. HYDRIAI
Corinthian red ground 203 outline style 286 red figure 298 374 plain 375 plain 376 plain 377 plain 378 plain Imported Attic black figure 308 Attic black figure 309 330 Attic red figure 331 Attic red figure Attic red figure 332 PI. 22 P1.31 P1.33 LC 5th century early 4th century Archaic 6th century Archaic late 5th century Hellenistic later 6th century late 6th century thirdquarter5th century end of 5th or early 4th century secondquarter4th century
P1.44
P1.34 PI. 34 PI. 37 P1.37 P1.37
In Corinth, the fine-ware table hydria never had the popularity that it enjoyed in Athens.4 Black-figured hydriai are rarities in comparison both to other shapes at home and to the numbers of hydriai made
The stampedamphorahandles from the Sanctuarywill be publishedby C. Koehlerin CorinthXIX, forthcoming. See Williams, Hesperia 38, 1969, pp. 57-59; there are also hydriai and other shapes in the distinctivefabric. 3 See Edwards'remarkson the absenceof several importantshapes in Hellenistic pottery:CorinthVII, iii, pp. 19, 49-50. 4 See also the lack of amphoras,footnote3 above.
2
10
SHAPE STUDIES
elsewhere. There are only 16 figured Archaic hydriai in NC; in CorVP Amyx has added 8 more.5It is not surprising,therefore,to have only one fragmentaryred-groundshoulder.
Five badly preserved examples of unglazed fine-ware hydriai help to fill the lacunae. Body sherds from
similar vessels can be found in the context pottery.All five examples, 374-378, show decorativemotifs that are derivedfrom metal. The first, 374, with a dipinto giving it to Demeter, is the simplest of the three Archaic examples. 375 is the most elaborate;its thumb-rest,tooling, rosettes,and other featureslink it to many
6th-century black-figured vases with similar additions. The details of 376 resemble those of 375 which should be close in date. Nothing can be said concerning the development of the shape, for all preserve only
the rims.
The fluted handle and heraldic sphinxes at the handle base of 377 resemble details of a large group of
Classical metal hydriai.6But, as argued elsewhere,7these details do not allow attributionof the metal vases to Corinth.The sphinxes as yet have no metal counterparts can be interpretedas an alternativemotif for but the frontal siren, used on the metal vases.
If one believes that clay vessels with metal-imitative motifs always took the details directly from contemporary metal models, 378 could become proof that Corinth made metal vases throughout its history.8 But this also may be an erroneous assumption.9 The profile of the neck and rim of 378 resembles that of the
hydriskoiin Group 9.
These few examples suggest that the undecorated hydria was made continuously in Corinth.10 Yet, given the numbers of dining rooms in the Sanctuary, filled with table vessels used in the meals, there is still a
noticeable scarcity of the shape. Metal vessels were not extensively used; very few feet, handles, or rims survivein the debris.The plain glazed hydria,well known at Athens and othersites, is virtuallynon-existent
in Corinth.1' It is difficult to account for this absence of what would seem to be a very necessary vessel. Ironically, the small hydriai were very popular as votive offerings in the Sanctuary (see Shape Studies, III).
III. SMALL HYDRIAI (HYDRISKOI)

Corinthian 500 47 Group 3 501 502 503 138 Group 7 PI. 50 Fig. 1, P1.7 P1.50 P1.50 P1.50 Fig. 1, P1. 17 secondhalf 6th century firstquarter5th century first half 5th century late 5th or early 4th century early 4th century mid-4th century
5 The Anaploga Well contained no black-figuredhydriai but did have one banded example, C-62-582 (An 236), and four of coarse ware, C-62-674, C-62-675, C-62-673, C-62-645 (An 289, An 305, An 313, An 315: Corinth VII, ii). The author noted, however, that only fine-ware vessels associatedwith wine were found in the potters'dump of the well (p. 69). 6 E. Diehl, Die Hydria, Mainz am Rhein 1964, nos. B137-172; D. von Bothmer,review of Diehl, Gnomon87,1965, p. 603. See also 627, probablya handle attachmentbut conceivablyan applique on the rim of a fine-ware hydria or similar vessel. 7 Pemberton, Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 101-111, esp. p. 104. 8 There is also a fine unglazedhorizontalhandle in lot 3222 (3222:2), a Hellenistic and Romancontext;a disk aroundthe handle root is decoratedwith impressedeggs. For the possibilitythat Corinthdid not producefine metalworkin the Hellenistic period, see Pliny, NH xxxiv.6-7. 9 Pemberton, Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 103-104. 10There are a few undecoratedhydriai from other Corinthiancontexts, as C-75-183, from well 1975-4 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, p. 119, no. 31, pl. 20), a larger and much more utilitarianexample than the hydriai from the Sanctuary.A few large handles, probably from similar hydriai, remain in the Sanctuarycontext pottery, uninventoriedbecause so fragmentaryand undatable. I One example came from well 1937-3, C-37-1059 (Campbell,Hesperia 7, 1938, p. 582, no. 55, fig. 12). Note the Attic blackglazed example from the same well, C-37-981 (p. 581, no. 48, fig. 9). Very few Attic fragmentswere found in the Sanctuary.Large black-glazed body fragments found in many strata could derive from Corinthian black-glazed hydriai (or other closed shapes). Nevertheless,the plain and coarse-warehydriai seem to have been more popular.
III. SMALL HYDRIAI (HYDRISKOI)
11
!*
47
138
99
164
182
183
184
FIG. 1. Small hydriai (hydriskoi).Scale 1:2
504 99 505 163 164 165 182 183 184 506 507
Group 6 Group 8 Group 8 Group 8 Group 9 Group 9 Group 9
Fig. 1, P1. 13 PI. 50 PI. 18 Fig. 1, PI. 18 PI. 18 Fig. 1, PI. 19 Fig. 1, PI. 19 Fig. 1, P. 19 PI. 50 PI. 50
later 4th century ca. 300 B.C. late 4th or early 3rd century early 3rd century mid-3rdcentury mid-3rdcentury secondhalf 3rd century secondhalf 3rd century late 3rd century end of 3rd century(later?) 2nd century
Excluding the cult likna and offering trays, the small hydria (ranging generally from 0.06 to 0.11 m. in height), plain or decorated, is the third most popular votive shape in the Sanctuary, following the kalathiskos
12
SHAPE STUDIES
and phiale.12 Many strata have these vessels as the most complete vases for dating; indeed, a few votive contexts consist almost entirely of them (see Group 9). Thus it was necessary to attempt a chronology of the
shape.
Almost all the small hydriai have a high ovoid wall: the maximum diameter appears at or just below the shoulder. The important criteria for dating are the ratio of foot diameter to maximum diameter and height; the length of the neck; the type of side handles; the complexity of the rim. Generally, the more contracted the
foot, the lighter the rim, the less articulatedthe handles,then the later the date. 500 representsthe 6th century; although there are other examples from the Archaic period, the shape becomesmore popular later. The foot of 500 is broad,the wall profile short, the handles are horizontal,the
decoration is of conventionalizing form. 47 from Group 3 belongs to the early 5th century and has a taller
wall and cantedside handles.The shoulderis still well offsetand nearlyhorizontal.The same characteristics appear in the contemporaryexample, 501. The end of the 5th century (or slightly later) is representedby The diameterof the foot is smaller in relationto the 502, similar to the examples in the Vrysoula deposit.13
height and maximum diameter; the wall merges more continuously with the shoulder; the rim is lighter. These changes become more pronounced in later examples.
503 seems to be early 4th centuryin date, with a taller neck and moreelongatedbody;the handlesturn up but not yet with the ninety-degreeform of the later 4th century. 99, Group 6, shows the late 4th-century profile:narrow foot, elongatedbody,ninety-degreehandles,narrowshoulder,long thin neck, horizontalrim
with peaked lip. 505 is similar, probably slightly later. The example from Group 7, 138, is earlier than 99, as it retains the shorter neck and less swollen proportions. 504 is approximately contemporary with 138 and
is the latest hydria in its lot; uncataloguedexamples from the context show an earlier profile.
The hydriskoi from the 3rd-century deposit, Group 8, have varied dates. 163 is closer to 99 of Group 6;
the others, 164 and , are later, with narrowerfeet and less articulationof the side handles. 9 consistsmostly of small hydriaiand terracottafigurines.All the hydriaihave essentiallythe same Group
profile as the three examples in the Catalogue, 182-184: elongated profile with the maximum diameter right at the shoulder, tall thin neck, poorly made side handles, poor surface finish. Other vessels in that deposit date the group to the second half of the 3rd century, to which the hydriai also ought to be assigned. The deposit was probably laid down at or near to the end of the century. 184 is the latest and most exaggerated of the hydriai in that group. The last examples are from Building M:16-17, 50614 and 507, made in the later Hellenistic period. There is no longer any attempt to articulate the side handles, which are now placed on the shoulder; the profile continues the exaggeration of 184. 507 is probably the later of the two: small, crude, without modeling of the foot, shoulder, or handles, and with the worst finish of all the hydriai.'5
IV. KRATERS AND LEKANAI

Corinthian 204 figuredhandle-plate 205 figuredkrater P1.22 P1.22 MC MC
12 Hydriai becameespecially popular as votivesin the Hellenistic period.In the Sanctuaryof Demeter at Kyparissiin Kos, bothroi filled with terracottafigurinesand hydriai were found. These were never publishedand apparentlydisappearedin World War II. See R. Kabus-Preisshofen,"Statuettengruppen dem Demeterheiligtum," aus Antike Plastik XV, Berlin 1975, p. 32. Two sanctuaries of Demeter in Crete, at Kydoniaand Knossos,have also yielded many hydriai. See A. Zois, 'AvaaKa47i Bpvo-wv KvbWSVa, Athens 1976; Coldstream,Knossos,especially deposit F (late 3rd-early 2nd century;p. 36, nos. 31-35), deposit G (mid-late 3rd century;p. 37). See also the series from Tocra (Boardmanand Hayes, TocraII, nos. 2369, 2370, 2377, 2392, pls. 42, 43). 13Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, p. 298, nos. 116, 117, pl. 74 (C-64-145, C-64-146). 14The context of 506, lot 3228, appears to end in the late 3rd century,but the hydria may be the latest vessel in that context and bring the date into the early 2nd century. 15 Similar to 507 is C-28-109, foundwith a late kalathiskos(C-28-108), a low pyxis bowl (C-28-106; see 179-181, Group 9), two echinus bowls (C-28-104, C-28-105), the larger of which has a very high profile, and a small West Slope articulatedkantharos (C-28-107). The group belongs to the early 2nd centuryat the earliest, accordingto the profile of the larger echinus bowl. For the kalathiskos,see also footnote63 below, p. 25.
IV. KRATERS AND LEKANAI 206 figuredkrater 207 figuredkrater 208 figuredkrater 209 figuredred-groundkrater 192 figuredred-groundkrater 379 blackglazed krater 287 outline style krater 288 outline style krater 289 outline style krater outline style krater 290 outline style krater 291 299 red-figuredbell-krater 300 red-figuredkrater 380 lekane 381 lekane lekane 382 lekane 383 75 lekane Imported,Attic redfigure 334 calyx-krater column-krater 335 336 volute-krater 337 krater 338 krater 339 bell-krater 340 bell-krater 73 bell-krater 74 bell-krater *Decorationonly; see catalogueentry. P1.22 P1.22 P1.22 P1.22 P1.21 P1.44 P1.31 P1.31 P1.32 *Fig. 33, P1.32 P1.32 P1.33 P1.33 P1.44 Fig. 2 P1.44 P1.44 P1. 10 P1.38 P1.38 P1.38 P1.38 P1.38 P1.38 P1.38 Fig. 2, P1. 10 P1.11 LC LC LC LC LC LC or later secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century 5th century probablymid-5th century Classical late 5th century firstquarter4th century Classical Classical Classical 4th century? earlier4th century? ca. 510 B.C. firstdecade5th century mid-5th century mid-5th century thirdquarter5th century end of 5th century end of 5th century secondquarter4th century mid-4th century
13
Group 11
Group 6
Group 6 Group 6
The inventoried kraters show a variety of styles, shapes, and sizes. It cannot be determined, however, how many of these kraters, Corinthian or Attic, were service vessels in the dining rooms and how many were votives. Fragments of kraters, decorated and plain, were found in Sanctuary strata until the Hellenistic period. It is probable that plain and black-glazed kraters (mostly Corinthian, but a few uninventoried Attic fragments survive) and the banded lekanai served the needs of the diners in the Archaic and Classical Sanctuary. What was used in the Hellenistic period is unclear.16 The Archaic Corinthian examples represent the many forms made by the potters of that period. The handle-plate 204 is quite large; several others of equal size, with inferior decoration, remain unpublished. Few of the 6th-century kraters have more than the typical animal frieze; 205 and 206 are typical of the majority of the krater fragments from the site. The cavalry scene on 209 shows the hand of a more ambitious painter. The chain of dancing women on 192 is a motif found on a number of Archaic fragments in different shapes; it may have reference to cult practices. 379 has a handsome maeander in added red and white; the krater was large, finely made, and probably without wall decoration. It represents the most common 6thcentury krater, the plain black Corinthian type, attested by many fragments of feet and rims. In the 5th century a new decorative technique, outline style, was introduced into the Corinthian repertory. The only example with foot and rim preserved, 287, actually shows a skyphos profile, but the restored dimensions are so great that it is more appropriate to call it a krater.17 A discussion of the technique,
16 In Corinth VII, iii, there are only three examples of Hellenistic kraters;two are fine ware, nos. 188-190, one is of cooking fabric,no. 705. This is anothershape not well representedin the later historyof Corinthianpottery;see also the hydriai,amphoras, and oinochoai. 17 Another vase that must also have functionedas a krater is the huge late 4th-centuryskyphos 80, included under that shape because of the distinctivecompound-curve profile (Fig. 7).
14
SHAPE STUDIES
<- 133
73 ,S!!^^ 381
FIG.2. Lekane and krater.Scale 1:2
painting style, and date is given in the introduction to the examples. It is tempting to believe that these are
special vessels for cult purposes, especially since 287 not only may have had a representationof the abduction of Persephone but also was repaired in antiquity, attesting its importance. Whatever the function, this
is a special group of vessels, mostly kraters, limited accordingto present evidence to use in the Demeter
Sanctuary, and made in a relatively short span of time. Although most of them are now so fragmentary
that the extant painting is usually indecipherable,the vessels in the original state must have been very handsome.
Banded lekanai represented by 380-383 and 75 are popular from the 6th through the 4th centuries; how far into the Hellenistic period they continue is as yet unclear. There are also many coarse-ware body sherds
of all periods,coming from large kratersor lekanai.18

The imported Attic red-figured kraters present a good cross section in both date and quality. There are a few additional fragments of kraters from the second and third quarters of the 5th century, not inventoried
because of the poor state of preservation.Thus the numbersof Attic kraters of fairly good quality exceed
what might be expected. Whether the Attic kraters were used in the dining rooms or dedicated as votives
None has a dedicatorygraffito. cannotbe determined.19
See the coarse-wareexamples 632-634. Fragmentsfrom the same kraterwere found all over the Sanctuary.For example, the fine early calyx-krater334 came mostly from 0-P:24-26. But one fragmentcame from N-O:19-20, anotherfromthe Lower Terrace, N:27. The findspotsof fragmentsare not always revealing.
19
18
V. OINOCHOAI
15
V. OINOCHOAI
Corinthian 1 conical Group 1 conical 2 Group 1 conical 210 conical 211 broadbottomed 212 broadbottomed 213 broadbottomed 275 384 broadbottomed broadbottomed 276 broadbottomed 277 broadbottomed 278 broadbottomed 279 214 olpe 33 roundmouthed Group 3 34 roundmouthed Group 3 blisterware 76 Group 6 77 blisterware Group 6 blisterware 387 blisterware 388 chous 386 beveled(epichysis) 78 Group 6 beveled(epichysis) 385 389 globular 154 globular Group 8 155 globular Group 8 shoulderstop 390 Imported Attic blackfigure 310 50 Attic black figure Group 4 391 Attic, mug Attic West Slope 79 Group 6 341 Apulian, epichysis *Decorationonly; see catalogueentry. P1.4 P1.4 P1.22 *Fig. 26, P1.22 P1.22 *Fig. 26, P. 22 P1.29 P1.44 PI. 29 P1.29 P1.29 P1.30 P1.22 P1.6 P1.6 PI. 10 PI. 10 P1.44 P1.44 Fig. 3, P1.44 Fig. 3, P1. 10 P1.44 Fig. 3, P1.45 Fig. 3, P1. 18 P1.18 Fig. 3 P1.34 Fig. 3, P1.8 PI. 45 P1. 10 Fig. 3, P1.38 LPC LPC LPC EC MC MC? firstor early secondquarter5th century thirdquarter5th century late thirdor early fourthquarter5th century fourthquarter5th century secondquarteror mid-4th century mid-4th century MC firstquarter5th century firstto secondquarter5th century early 4th century thirdquarter4th century late thirdto fourthquarter4th century fourthquarter4th century fourthquarter4th century late 4th century late 4th or early 3rd century first half 5th century? later 3rd century 3rd century early 3rd century? thirdquarter6th century end of 6th or early 5th century secondquarter5th century late 4th century late thirdquarter4th century
Oinochoai are not well represented in the Sanctuary catalogue. There are few or no examples of some very common types: Archaic and Classical black-glazed jugs, the Classical and Hellenistic olpe forms, roundmouthed types, and so forth are all absent, or almost so, from the above list. They are not, however, missing in the Sanctuary pottery; rim, wall, and foot fragments from these varieties of oinochoai can be found in many Archaic and Classical strata, but in very small pieces, insufficient for publication. The larger the vessel, the less of it seems to be preserved, when vases are deliberately smashed for burial. Some of the fragments attributed to 6th-century pyxides, a shape more popular at that time for figured decoration among the Sanctuary finds, may be from broad-bottomed oinochoai.20 Despite these qualifications, it is important to note that there are far more fragments of drinking vessels than fragments of pourers for those vessels. The relative figures for the published fragments for pouring and drinking vessels found at Perachora are much more equal. The numbers of kotylai, skyphoi, and cups in the Demeter Sanctuary fills are staggering. One wonders if a ritual toast was drunk and then the cup discarded. The problem is compounded by the absence of large Hellenistic fine-ware pouring vessels. This scarcity cannot be blamed on the topography of the slope of the Sanctuary, nor on the specific location of most of the
20
See PerachoraII, pp. 205-206, on the difficultiesof distinguishingoinochoeshapes, and the oinochoefrom the convexpyxis.
16
SHAPE STUDIES
It-W\
n,
78
$9g?~2j~~
389
386
154
390
50
FIG.3. Oinochoai.Scale 1:2
341
V. OINOCHOAI
17
Hellenistic strata in the lower terrace where protective fill was lacking. Edwards notes not only the absence
in Corinth of decoratedwine jugs, in comparisonwith the contemporary types in Athens, but also ". .. the fine-warepouringvessels. . ."21The comparativelyinadequatesmall size of most of the presentHellenistic
Demeter Sanctuary is even lacking the varieties of decanters, so popular elsewhere at Corinth.22 Large coarse-ware vessels may have been used, however; fragments were found in almost every area of the Sanc-
tuary.23One might tentatively suggest that if some ritual involvedthe use of wine or water, a few service
vessels made of coarse or cooking fabric would have been used repeatedly in each dining room. The drinking
vessels may have been discardedafter each use.

There are few examples of conical oinochoai. The small LPC examples, 1 and 2, from the votive deposit
Group 1, have many parallels and are useful in substantiatingthe date of that group. It is strange,however, that two oinochoaiappear in the first extant depositbut do not becomean importantvotivetype. Two fragmentary decorated necks, 210 and 211, are later 7th century;24the 6th-century form is represented only in
uninventoriedsherds. Figured oinochoaiof the 6th centuryare also scarce.212 and 213 are of differentsizes, possiblyfrom the broad-bottomedprofile. There are many uninventoriedfragmentsfrom plain glazed examples. The 6thcentury pottery, especially from Room D (R:23-24) is so broken and yet so extensive that it was not loshapes. Two gistically possible to spreadout all the materialfrom this area for mendinginto representative
very small broad-bottomed examples, 515 and 516, published with the miniatures, represent these Archaic forms. The Classical broad-bottomed oinochoai are fairly typical, except for the large size and very elaborate decoration on 275 and 276.25 There are several examples of oinochoai decorated in the Vrysoula style,
277-279; the last shows the continuationof the type into the 4th century.
214 is one of the few decorated 6th-century olpai found in the Sanctuary; there are other small fragments attributable to this shape but too tiny for publication. There are many body and neck fragments of the later glazed and plain varieties of olpe, also too battered.26 Thus the one example of the shape in the catalogue is
misleading.
Group 3 contains two examples of the round-mouthed form, 33 and 34. This shape is not so common as the olpe. If popular more as grave offerings than as service vessels, its absence is understandable.27 Blisterware oinochoai are common. It is the most popular shape for this fabric in the Sanctuary, but aryballoi (97,
475-478) and askoi (98, 200) also appear. Blister ware is very fragile, as the state of preservationindicates.
All four belong to the 4th century; no 5th-century examples could be inventoried, although small sherds with
fine pumpkin ribs do remain in the context pottery. Fragmentsof this fabric and shape have been found extensivelyin the Sanctuarystrata,very useful for dating.28 Three 4th-centuryoinochoaiare Corinthianimitationsof two foreignshapes.386 is a chous;there are few Corinthian versions of this popular Attic shape.2978 and 385 are unusual variants of the epichysis. The Corinthianversion is footed,with a flat resting surfaceunderthe bevel, in contrastto the South Italian form
(341). The Corinthian epichysis may be related to the late (4th-century) versions of the concave Vrysoula
21 CorinthVII,
22
23
iii, p. 49.
Ibid., pp. 57-62.
See below, under coarse-warehydriai (Shape Studies, XXVI). There are also two very fragmentaryoinochoehandles, with subgeometricdecoration,from the conical shape: C-62-345 and C-62-346, lot 1982, P:24. 25 The fragments of 276 came from fill within the Classical Building N-0:22-23, destroyed in the 4th century, with the exception of two fragments,found in M:21, in the foundationtrench of wall 36, just to the north of the building. The vessel may have been used in that dining room. 275 came from Building N-0:24-25 (Room L), and so it too may have been a useful item in the dining room. 26 For olpai, see CorinthXIII, p. 133; CorinthVII, iii, pp. 50-53.
24
27 Corinth
shapes and fabrics have been discussedextensively in the following publications:CorinthVII, iii, pp. 144-150; Agora XII, pp. 207-208; Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 300-301. 29 Unpublished: C-47-871, from well 1947-2 and C-37-167, from drain 1937-1; both belong to the second quarter of the 4th century. The Corinthian examples do not duplicate the more elongatedAttic profile;they are shorterin relation to the maximum diameterand have lower necks.
28 Blister-ware
XIII, p. 134.
18
SHAPE STUDIES
oinochoe. There are also high-shouldered black oinochoai of the same period.30 The latter forms and the epichyseis share the profile of foot and lower wall, the neck and handle forms, and the shoulder ribbing. Both epichyseis can be dated only by style; the poor ribbing has parallels in other shapes. They were probably
perfumepots.31
Four undecorated examples complete the Corinthian series of oinochoai. 389 appears to be early 5th century on the basis of the foot, wall profile, and fine surface finish. The closest parallel for the shape, how-
ever, is 6th century.If one attacheda foot, narrowedthe neck, and eliminatedthe paint of some trefoil oinochoai with convex walls,32one could approximatethis shape. I know of no similarjug in Corinth. 390 has alreadybeen publishedin the series of small trefoil oinochoaiwith shoulderstop.33 Althoughthis series cannot be tracedto a 146 B.C. date, there is anothersmall form that does appear in 3rd- and possibly
2nd-century levels, the globular form of 154 and 155. These belong to the 3rd century, by comparison of the profiles with hydriai in the same period. 154 and 155 have the foot of the small footed oinochoai with dipped glazing of the 5th and 4th centuries.34 The body has become more globular, the mouth a cut-away with
pellets; the paint has disappeared.But they are of the same size as the earlier variety. It is conceivablethat 389 is an ancestorof 154 and 155.
There are also a few imported oinochoai, all but one of Attic fabric: two decorated in black figure; one 5thcentury mug; one neck with West Slope decoration; that is all. The lack of imported examples mirrors the relatively small number of Corinthian oinochoai. The one surprise is the Apulian import, 341.
VI. MISCELLANEOUS PITCHERS

Corinthian
392 156 393
Pitcher withinsetrim Wide-necked pitcher Narrow-necked pitcher
Group8
P1.45 Fig.4, P1.18 P1.45
4thcentury 3rdcentury Hellenistic
The first example comes from debris on the floor of a dining room of the later 4th century. The shape is very
practical:solid ring foot, high ovoid body, tall neck with a carefullymade rim to hold a lid. There are three examples from contemporary,datablecontexts,all unpublished:C-71-521, C-37-2517, C-40-415.35There
are a few differences between the examples. 392 and C-40-415 have straighter necks and more sharply
articulatedrims. Whether these slight changes are indicativeof chronologicaldifferencesin such large veshow far into sels is unclear. Also undeterminedis the range of the shape. There is a 5th-centuryversion;36 the Hellenistic periodthis pourercontinuesis as yet unknown.It may have been succeededby one of the two
following forms. 156 is an example of a Hellenistic wide-necked pitcher. Two examples were found in South Stoa Well XXX, C-47-130 and C-47-131.37 Another was found in 1976, C-1976-114.38 It has a much squatter profile
31 The contextof 78 is the fill for the construction the of TrapezoidalStoaat the verybeginningof the 3rd century(Group6). The fill contains both votive and dining-roomdebris.The context of 385, lot 877, containsvotive and cult potterybut also has many blackfragments.The contextof neitherepiglazed sherdsfromkotylaiand skyphoi,and even some late Corinthianand Attic black-figured chysis provesvotiveuse;the size may be practicalfor expensiveperfume.Small size does not necessarilymean votivefunction. 32 Discussedin CorinthVII, iii, pp. 50-53. See especiallyC-47-750 (no. 199, p. 51, pl. 48), fromthe mid-6thcentury(well 1947-5). 33 C-65-169 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 275, p. 55, pl. 48). 34 Edwardsseparatesthe two formsof oinochoai:CorinthVII, iii, small trefoil, nos. 245-270, pp. 53-54; small trefoil with shoulvariants. der stop, nos. 271-278, pp. 54-55. They may be contemporaneous 35 C-71-521, from the Forum drain 1971-1; C-37-2517, from pit 1937-1, with secondexample in the context pottery;C-40-415, from well 1940-1. 36 In coarse ware, C-34-935 (Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937, p. 303, no. 203, fig. 32; well 1934-10) and C-40-67, from well 1940-6, unpublished. 37 CorinthVII, iii, nos. 631, 632, p. 113, pls. 24, 60 (well 1938-1). 38 From the fill in the basin room, referredto in Williams, Hesperia 46, 1977, p. 52 (the underground chamber).The context,lot 1976-101, ranges from the late 4th centuryto 146 B.C., or later.
30 Unpublished:C-31-129, from well 1931-7 and C-37-2502, from pit 1937-1.
VII. KALATHOI AND KALATHISKOI
19
than the earlier, completeexample, C-47-130. The shape is also found in The two earlier Athens, both in the Agora and in the Kerameikos.39 show a slight change in profile, with a later example, Agora examples B 39, exhibiting a squatter profile than A 53. In the Kerameikosseries, no. 108 is perhaps closest to Agora B 39. The developmentappearsto be from a heavy, roundedlip to a squared-offform, from a pronouncedneck or ridge to a vestigialprojection groovedring, froma slightly articulatedto a false ring foot. No. 178 in the Kerameikossequence,the last of the series in that context, has a neck taller in proportionto the full height. A later example, E 127 from the Agora, shows exaggerations of these profile
changes.40
FIG.4. Wide-neckedpitcher 156. Scale 1:2
The Corinthianexamples differ from the Attic in two ways. First, they are madeof fine clay, as againstthe semicoarsefabricof the latter. Second, the few sufficientlypreservedexamples show a well-formedtorus foot. It cannot yet be demonstrated that the Corinthianand Attic examples have 156 from the Sanctuaryis incomplete,but its lip parallel developments. profileresemblesC-1976-114 morethan the South Stoa examples.Only a 3rd-centurydate may be suggestedfor 156, the generaldate of the context. Firmer dating can be establishedonly when more completeexamples of the type are excavatedin dated contextualsequences.
The third pitcher, 393, is a narrow-necked form, a number of which were published by Edwards.41 The context of 393 is a dumped fill in a cistern of Building M-N:25-26 (cistern 1965-1). The levels in which the fragments of 393 were found seemed to contain mostly 4th-century and early Hellenistic material.42 But there were joining sherds throughout the levels, with much later Hellenistic pottery and a few intrusive Roman fragments. The cistern also had pre-Hellenistic work. Most of the material was kitchen fabric and was probably deposited in the cistern at one time. Thus the context cannot give firm dating. The profile of 393 is incomplete, but the downturned rim and the handle ridge are not so pronounced as many examples in Corinth VII, iii. 393 may well be later Hellenistic, but it cannot be proven.

Corinthian With figure decoration(pyxis-kalathos) 216-219 *Fig. 28, PI. 23 Flaring, with and without perforations 9-17 P1.4 Group 1 63 P1.9 Group 5 520-528 P1.51
EC-LC
39Agora:Thompson, Hesperia 3, 1934, p. 324, A 53, fig. 8; p. 343, B 39, fig. 23; p. 417, E 127, fig. 100. Kerameikos: Braun,AM 85, 1970, p. 136, no. 23; p. 141, nos. 90-92; p. 143, nos. 108, 109;p. 145, nos. 118,119; p. 148, no. 139; p. 155, no. 178; comparative photographspl. 82:2 and 3. 40 For discussionof the changes, see Braun, AM 85, 1970, pp. 165-166. I am grateful to ProfessorU. Knigge and her staff for accessto these pitchers. 41 CorinthVII, iii, nos. 633-642, pp. 113-115, where they are called handle-ridged jugs. Since the type representedby 156 also has a handle ridge, the distinctionbetween the formsis more clearlyexpressedby the width of the necks.The bodyprofilesare fairly similar. 42 There is a very fragmentary neck-rim-and-handle fragment,in fine ware, without any decoration,in lot 6722 (6722:2). It has a central neck ridge, from which comes the strap handle. The rim flares slightly but without the heavy downturnof 393 and similar jugs. Lot 6722, a cisternin Building L-M:28, has some Classicalmaterial,but the potteryis mostly later 4th century,going into the early 3rd. This fragmentcould be an earlier or variant form of the narrow-necked pitcher,smaller than the cataloguedexample.
20 Kalathiskos,type 1 18,19 Group 1 32 Group 2 529-532 Kalathiskos,type 2 55 Group 4 533-540 Transitional to type 3 38 Group 3 541 Kalathiskos,type 3 35-37, 39 Group 3 56-60 Group 4 64-72 Group 5 100-102 Group 6 542-550 Kalathiskos,type 4 103-106 Group 6 141-149 Group 7 168-171 Group 8 With basket handles 551-557 Handmadeof coarseclay 20, 21 Group 1 558-560 *See catalogueentry.
SHAPE STUDIES
P1.4 Fig. 5, PI. 5 P1.51 P1.8 P1.51 Fig. 5, P1.6 P1.51 Fig. 5, P1.6 Fig. 5, P1.8 Fig. 5, P1.9 Fig. 5, P1.13 Fig. 5, P1.51 Fig. 5, P1.13 Fig. 5, P1. 14 Fig. 5, P1.18 P1.51 P1.4 P1.51
There are 100 inventoriedexamples.That is not an excessivenumber,for the kalathiskosis the predominant
vessel in the Demeter Sanctuary. When work began on the pottery in 1970, an attempt was made to count the kalathiskoi. Before completing study of the pottery excavated in 1961,43 over 2000 separate kalathiskos bases had been noted. It seemed pointless to continue. The 100 entries give the range of shape and decoration. It is the only vessel that appears in significant numbers in every area and during every period of the Sanctuary. Thus changes in shape are important, since the kalathiskos is very often the only well-preserved vase in a context. It is even found in the shallow fills of the dining rooms on the Lower Terrace, where little pottery of votive nature is found. Simply, there are so many of them that virtually no stratum, no matter how few the sherds, is without at least one fragmentary example. Most of the inventoried examples are from the 1961 and 1962 excavations, with the major exception of the Group 1 kalathiskoi, found in 1970 (9-21). Although kalathiskoi were continually found in subsequent years, it was unnecessary to inventory more. In dating contexts, one may simply note the kalathiskoi that are similar to catalogued examples. Dunbabin gave "a warning on the difficulty of dating these vases."44 Yet, for the reasons given above, it was essential to attempt a chronological framework for the shape. The kalathiskos is a votive and thus tends to be conservative in shape. Dating more precisely than by 50-year intervals is difficult, and the chronology is still tentative. The chronological outline was ascertained by comparison of kalathiskoi in different strata in the Demeter Sanctuary with those from fills and deposits elsewhere in Corinth, particularly in the Potters' Quarter, the only other area producing sufficient quantities of the vase for evaluation of shape changes.45 The chronology applies only to the small kalathiskos adapted from the concave-sided pyxis, measuring about 0.045 to 0.055 m. in height. Group 3 contains three very large examples of the shape in type 3 profile,
43 One month of excavation, May 23-June 22, produced31 separate pottery contextsbut none so extensive as the fills found in 1962 or in the 1964/1965 season. 44 PerachoraII, p. 303, commentingon the kalathiskoi. 45 For deposits and dates of the Potters'Quarter material,see CorinthXV, ii, pp. 21-25; XV, iii, pp. 4-9.
21
3
32 38
57
542
64
543
35
70
545
100
71
106
141
148
149
171
FIG.5. Kalathoi and kalathiskoi.Scale 1:2
22
SHAPE STUDIES
35-37; they are exceptional and represent only a short-lived experiment when the type 3 form was first
introduced. The earliest form is a flaring flat-basedprofile;it is very conservative shape and impossibleto arrange in
into any sort of series, except by changes in decoration.46 Group 1 contains examples of this form, with only
two kalathiskoi from that group representingtransitions to the first examples of the concave-sidedform (18, 19).
The Sanctuary also produced four examples of figured kalathiskoi, 216-219. The decoration is more
ambitiousthan is usual for the shape. These too are clearlyclose in shape to the concave-sided pyxis, but the additionof wall handles and heavy rim differentiatesthem from the true pyxis.47 Large flaring perforatedkalathoiare very popularin the ArchaicSanctuary.Perhapsthe most interesting discovery was that many of these had attached moldmade heads, hitherto thought reserved for convex
pyxides (see 521 and the heads 603-620). It may now be possible to identify other such heads, as for example
no. 229 in PerachoraI, a head attachedto a strip of clay apparentlywith a finishededge:the flaring rim of a
kalathos. Such heads may be recognized by the lack of an upper attachment, which the pyxis head always
has. The flaringkalathos,with or without perforations,was popularin the 7th and 6th centuries;there is no attempt to formulateany chronologyfor the type. Type 1:flat bottomed,concavewall The concave-sidedpyxis is the source for the four types of kalathiskoito be discussedhere. The older
flaring form continues well into the 6th century, after type 1 is introduced at some time in the LPC period.48 The major differences between the concave pyxis and the type 1 kalathiskos are the emphasis on the rim in the latter: flaring, often heavy, set off from the wall (characteristic of the large flaring type also), and a much lower, wider profile of the wall. The type 1 kalathiskos is a horizontal, not vertical, vase.
An importantcontext for the appearanceof type 1 is the AryballosDeposit in the Potters'Quarter,of the y
later 7th and early 6th centuries. There the most popular form of the kalathiskos is the flaring form, perforated or plain. There are only a few of type 1(KV 372, KV 373), with rounded rims, close to the pyxis prototype. But KV 841, fragmentarily preserved, has the heavier triangular rim.49 Type 1 kalathiskoi are
also numerous in the Sanctuary,appearingwith the older flaring form, as in Groups 1, 2, and other lots of
Room D (Room R:23-24).
Characteristicsof the type are bands inside and out, on wall and floor, and sometimeson the flat resting a surface;banding usually neat and controlled;occasionaldesigns in the handle zone, or even above or below
the handles; well-articulated handles of loop or lug form. Good added purple is often used in the decoration. Typical designs are groups of S's or Z's, buds or dots, and "worms" alternating with dot rosettes. Type 2: early beveled There is no secure evidence for the date of the introduction of this form. It has certainly appeared by the
mid-6th century(533, 537). In the Trench J depositof the Potters'Quarter,with a terminaldate in the later
6th century, examples of type 2 (KV 555, KV 627, and KV 628) appear with an example of type 1 (KV 551)
and also with the older flaring form.50 Thus the three forms continueto appear together.
Characteristics of the type 2 kalathiskos are wide, open profile (although some taller examples do occur); concave wall rising from a bevel; stressed rim, usually flaring and often well set off from the wall. But there are many variants of type 2; there seems to be no canonical form. These kalathiskoi have a lighter look than type 1; there is a preference for narrow but widely spaced bands of glaze or added colors, or both, inside and
46 Note the Protogeometricexample from a grave by the Babbius Monument in the Forum, C-68-58 (C. K. Williams, II, "Corinth,1969: Forum Area,"Hesperia 39, 1970 (pp. 1-39), p. 19, no. 27, pl. 9). 47 See R. to BSA 44, 1949 (pp. 162-257), pp. 209-210. Hopper, "Addenda Necrocorinthia," 48 See from Group 1 the transitionalexamples 18 and 19. There is an LPC type 1 in the AnaplogaWell, C-62-618 (CorinthVII, ii, An 239, pl. 72). 49 For the AryballosDeposit, see CorinthXV, iii, p. 8 (into the MC period). KV 372 and KV 373 are nos. 2080 and 2081 therein; KV 841 is not published. 50 CorinthXV, iii, p. 8 for the date. KV 555 is no. 2084, KV 551 is no. 2085; KV 627 and KV 628 are not published.
23
out. There is often no handle-zone decoration. Handles are usually of the good lug or loop form, with an
occasionalpinched-onvariant;some have no handles at all. This form is usually bandedon the inner wall
and floor as type 1 but not on the resting surface. Banding is usually neat; the finish is almost always good. True added purple still appears, although red brown is also used. Typical designs, found in the handle zone, include those cited for type 1 and in addition opposing cones, zigzags, and pomegranate chains. Type 2 shows experimentation, such as footed examples with loop handles (535), looking rather like miniature kraters. Sherds from lot 1985 (Room D) show attempts to combine the perforated form with the profile of type 2: loop handles are placed between the perforations. The terminal dates of both type 1 and type 2 are as yet unclear. Group 2, which seems to end about
550 B.C., has predominantlyflaring and type 1 examples, with only a few of type 2. The Potters' Quarter Stelai Shrine A has one type 1, KP 1329 (unpublished),and examples of both type 2 and type 3. The range
of that deposit is too long to be helpful, from the second half of the 6th century to the mid-5th. Tentatively,
type 1 seems to disappearafter 550, but how soon after is not known. Group 4 has kalathiskoiprimarilyof type 3, with a few of type 2. Group 3 has fewer of type 2; whereas Group 5, with almost no materialbefore 500 B.C., has no examples of type 2. Lot 898 from Room B (Room P-Q:24), with a lower limit at the end of
the 6th century, has kalathiskoi of the flaring form, in part of type 1 but mostly of type 2; it also has one fine
example of an early type 3, 542. Type 3: black and red, beveled This form appears at the end of the last quarterof the 6th century,is most popular throughoutthe 5th,
and dies out in the mid-4th. Type 3 has a much darker look than type 2; it is also more uniform in shape and
decoration.
The profile has the following form in the early examples: well-finished, often slightly concave resting
surface;straightflare from restingsurfaceto sharp bevel;concavewall with minimumdiameterat mid-wall; handles usually of pinched-on form at mid-wall; flaring triangular rim. The rim diameteris usually just
slightly greater than the bevel diameter. The very large examples in Group 3, 35-37, show the type at
its best. There is a good parallel for the latter examples in the Potters' Quarter Stelai Shrine A, KV 642 (unpublished). The decorativesystem usually shows the following:resting surfaceand bevel reserved;inner wall with a black bandjust below the lip; circleson the floor and mid-wall of large or early examples;blackband on the exterior wall above the bevel; added red below the handle zone, with a glaze line separatingthe two lower
bands (the two colors may be reversed). The handle zone has normally a decorative pattern enclosed by light
glaze lines. The upper wall and rim are black, originally in two separate bands; in later examples they
merge. True added purple is never used in type 3; the added red or brown is put directly on the clay. Typical
designs of the handle zone are S's or Z's, zigzags, and various forms of stopped maeanders(the latter are found only on type 3 kalathiskoi,not on the earlier forms).
The shape begins to degenerate in the later 5th century. Signs of lateness are banding over the bevel;
roundedbevel;sharp contractionof the wall or, conversely,loss of concaveprofile;minimumdiameterplaced

under the rim; loss of offset of rim from wall; poor surface finish; imprecise banding (although this can occur on some early examples). The changes can be followed. The Vrysoula kalathiskos is still good;51 the con-
temporaryexample from well 1934-10 has neat banding and a sharp bevel, but the rim turns in.52The
Potters' Quarter Circular South Shrine has two examples, KV 379 and KV 1257, with the minimum diameter above mid-wall (although not yet right under the rim). The Potters' Quarter Rectangular South
Pit example, KV 376, has banding over the bevel and an exaggeratedlyconcave wall.53 The early 4thcentury example from Forum drain 1937-1 is not fully preserved,but the banding is very sloppy and the bevel quite rounded.54
51 C-64-278 (Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, p. 299, no. 124, pl. 52 C-34-1173 (Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937, p. 285, no. 107, fig. 20).
74).
53CorinthXV, iii: KV 379 is no. 2091, KV 376 is no. 2089; KV 1257 is unpublished. 54C-37-196 from drain 1937-1, unpublished.
24
SHAPE STUDIES Two lots in Room D, 1985 and 1991 (Room R:23-24), contain examples of types 1 and 2 and a few
examples that appear to be transitionalto type 3 (see 541). The lots appear to span the whole 6th century.
They contain no vessels typical of the 5th century. Group 3 has three exceptionally large kalathoi, 35-37. The group contains pottery of the late 6th into the second quarter of the 5th century, including one per-
forated kalathiskoswall sherd. Type 2 is not present;there is only one that is transitionalto type 3. The latter is overwhelminglythe preferredform. Group 4 shows a similar range in date but with slightly more early material and correspondinglymore fragmentsof type 2. These different contexts support a date of about 500 B.C. for the introductionof the type 3 kalathiskos.Although the shape and decorationhave great
similarity to 5th-century material introduced in the second quarter of that century,55 these red-and-black vases must have been made first, 25 to 30 years before the similarly decorated thymiateria, oinochoai,
lekythoi, and other shapes. It is not clear when type 3 disappears in favor of the small undecoratedtype 4. There is only one poor example of type 3 in the 1937-1 drain,56and none in the 1937-1 pit.57The latter has a type 4 example,
C-37-2648. In the Demeter Sanctuary, lot 878 has two examples of type 3, 546 and 547, which represent the worst of the series. Unfortunately, the extended date of the context (Classical to early Hellenistic) precludes fixing a precise terminal date for the two examples. The same applies to the two late type 3 kalathiskoi of Group 6, 100 and 101. Type 4: small undecorated form Both Groups 3 and 4 contain very small undecorated kalathiskoi with sharp type 3 profiles. In the later
4th century, the undecoratedversion is preferred,58 it loses its 5th-century articulation. The resting but
surface is flat, usually with string marks, the bevel rounded, the wall quite straight and merging with a simpler rim. There are often no handles. C-37-2648, from the 1937-1 pit,59 and the example from the Forum drain 1971-160 still have handles; the latter is also well articulated. The former has the looser type 4 shape, as do the examples from the Forum well 1975-4.61 All three deposits belong to the third quarter of the
4th century.
Groups 6 and 7 contain mostly type 4 kalathiskoi. Uninventoried examples from Group 6 are more
varied,including fragmentsof all the types, but type 4 is overwhelminglythe preferredform. Only the latest
type 4 examples are published (103-106), as are the late type 3 examples (100-102); there are others in the
context potterywith sharper,earlier profiles. Group 7 containstype 4 kalathiskoiwith and without handles (141-149); the profiles, however, are generally similar. 141-143 with slightly heavier rim are probably
earlier than 144-149. The merging of wall and rim may be the most secure criterion for a late date; the absence or presence of handles does not seem to be significant for dating. The latest of the Group 7 kalathiskoi may date to the mid-3rd century. Later Groups 8 and 9, of the Hellenistic period, have similar type 4 vessels (168-171). There is no discernible change except a simpler rim and poorer surface finish. Type 4 probablylasted until 146 B.C., although there are no Sanctuarycontexts limited to the last years before Mummius to prove the continuity. In 1928, a group of vases was excavated somewhere in the quarry area running from Temple Hill to the west, past Anaploga.62 Apparently found together were late echinus
55 See Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 270-271.
56 See footnote54 above, p.
57 58
59 See footnote 57 above. 60 C-71-75, unpublished.

61
23. The pit is unpublished. See also the loss of decorationon phialai and hydriai.
C-75-156, C-75-157, from well 1975-4 (a votive pit). The form has a baskethandle (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, p. 123, no. 59, pl. 22). 62 Corinth notebookno. 100, p. 209, July 18,1928 (de Waele). The site is not specificallylocated;it may, accordingto a later note by H. S. Robinson,be in the field belongingto N. Katsoulis,whose propertyproducedwells with Hellenistic material,excavatedin the 1960's. De Waele is not preciseaboutthe 1928 excavation:"... a heap of sherds ... all being ware of no high importance... it is very probablethat we have here a cesspoolof vases and sherds. ...." The materialappearsto be votive;it may be a votivepit that was excavated.One of the pieces, C-28-110, is a curious cylindricalobject, possibly a torch or lamp holder, which also suggests that, before discarding,these vases may have been in a sanctuary.
VIII. KOTYLAI
25
bowls, an articulated kantharos, a late miniature pyxis bowl, a small hydria comparable to 507, and a type 4 kalathiskos of the simplest form.63 This group would seem to date to the early 2nd century, or later, and thus suggests a continuation of the votive to 146 B.C.Surely there would have been need for these most important offerings throughout the Greek period of the Sanctuary.64 Basket kalathiskos The basket form appears to follow the changes of the above types. 551-554 show similarities with type 1, 555 and 556 with type 2, and 557 with the 5th-century form of type 3. No later type 4 examples with basket handles were found in the Sanctuary, although Forum well 1975-4 contained such a vessel.65 Handmade kalathiskoi 20 and 21 of Group 1 and 558-560 represent hundreds of similar kalathiskoi, found in both Archaic and Classical strata. They normally show an open flaring profile, with or without handles, usually with pellets decorating the rim. These vessels, of coarse clay with inclusions, seem to disappear in the later 5th century.
VIII. KOTYLAI
Corinthian 3 4 5 6 40 220-233 22 23 41 42 292 7 8 394 396 397 398 399 400 401 113 402 403 114 157 404 405 406 407
63 The 64
ray based ray based ray based ray based ray based figuredfragments black figured blackfigured semiglazed semiglazed outline style glazed glazed glazed glazed glazed glazed glazed, West Slope glazed, West Slope plain plain plain plain plain plain plain plain plain plain
Group 1 Group 1 Group 1 Group 1 Group 3 Group 2 Group 2 Group 3 Group 3 Group 1 Group 1
Fig. 6, P1.4 P1.4 P1.4 Fig. 6, P1.4 Fig. 6, PI. 6 *Fig. 29, Pls. 23, 24 Fig. 6, P1.5 P1.5 Fig. 6, P1.7 P1.7 *Fig. 34, P1.32 P1.4 Fig. 6, P1.4 P1.45 P1.45 Fig. 6 P1.45 Fig. 6, PI. 45 P1.45 Fig. 6, P1.15 Fig. 6 PI. 45 Fig. 6, P1. 15 P1. 18 P1.45 Fig. 6, P1.45 P1.45 P1.45
Group 7
Group 7 Group 8
LPC beginningof EC ? LPC LPC firstto secondquarter5th century EC-LC LC LC secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century LPC EC? late 5th or early 4th century mid- or thirdquarter4th century late 4th century late 4th or beginning3rd century mid-3rdcentury mid-3rdcentury later 6th century end of 4th century late 4th century end of 4th or beginning3rd century firstquarter3rd century firstquarter3rd century later 3rd century Hellenistic Hellenistic Hellenistic
vases are C-28-104-C-28-109; see footnote 15 above, p. 12. Group 9, however,containedmostly hydriskoi;in the later Hellenistic period,the lattermay have supersededthe kalathiskoias the predominantform of votive. 65See footnote61 above, p. 24.
26 408 409
Imported, Attic
SHAPE STUDIES plain plain P1.46 P1.46 P1.39 Fig. 6, P1.45 Hellenistic Hellenistic secondquarter5th century secondquarter4th century
342 red figure glazed 395 *Decorationonly; see catalogueentry.
The kotyle is distinguished from the skyphos by its lighter foot, more convex, thinner wall, and longer history.66 The different varieties of kotylai in the Sanctuary can be traced from the Late Protocorinthian period (3-6, 7-8, Group 1) to the 3rd century (114, 157, 404); ray based, figured, black glazed, and semiglazed are all well represented in Sanctuary strata. Only a few have been catalogued. Since these kotylai are so well known and very carefully documented,67 there is no need to repeat here the chronological development of the shape. Fragments of these types have been very useful for dating levels of the Archaic and Classical Sanctuary. Two very interesting and rather rare examples are figured works of the 5th century: an Attic red-figured ray-based kotyle (342) and a Corinthian outline-style work showing Persephone and running boys (292). The kotyle retains its popularity throughout much of the 5th century, for the conventionalizing and semiglazed forms normally have the lighter kotyle foot. But in the later 5th century, in the black-glazed forms, the skyphos becomes more popular.68 The inventoried examples show the range of the development of the shape in the black-glazed, ovoid form. Only one is Attic, 395, with crosshatching at the bottom of the wall. Corinthian examples belong to the late 5th and later 4th centuries (394, 396-398). In the late stage of the ovoid kotyle, the foot becomes very splayed.69 Successive profiles can be noted in 397-400, all from lot 3228. 397 still retains the inner articulation of the foot. With 398 and 399, the outer foot is virtually horizontal with a conical interior. The wall retains the strong, high ovoid profile, turning in to a rounded lip. But most interesting is the use of West Slope decoration on the last examples, 399 and 400, related to and possibly influenced by the articulated kantharos.70 There is also an unglazed version popular in the Hellenistic period. Undecorated kotylai do appear in the Sanctuary from the late 6th century on, although never in great quantity (see 401).71 They are well-made large versions of the ray based or semiglazed. In the 4th century the small plain form becomes more popular and may survive to 146 B.C.72 It derives from the black-glazed ovoid form, but the profile never shows the extremes of the latest in that type. 113 and 114 (Group 7) show the form in the later 4th and early 3rd centuries: narrow ring foot, convex wall turning in to a rounded lip, small loop handle. 157 has a later profile: lower, wider wall in relation to the foot. The foot has now become a flat, unarticulated resting
66 This
68 An unpublished study by D. Kazazis of the kotylai and skyphoi from well 1937-1 and drain 1937-1 producedthe following statistics:the earlier well contained67 kotylaiand 37 skyphoi,the later drain 28 kotylaiand 80 skyphoi,therebyshowing the change in popularity between the two shapes in the beginning of the 4th century. Demeter context lot 6838 shows an equal numberof the two shapes;the date of the context is about 400 B.C.,when the two shapes are in the processof changingratios. 69 A kotyle in the North Cemetery, T 2451 (Corinth XIII, grave 444-2, pi. 71), shows the beginning of the splayed foot and elongatedprofile.The gravealso containeda beveledsaucer (T 2453), very nippled,with sharp profile,probablyof the third quarter of the 4th century. See also the Etruscan kotyle, C-75-168 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, p. 120, no. 36, pl. 20; well 1975-4), of the same date. It is obviouslyimitativeof the ovoid form in Athens;the pink bands and use of red clay and lustrousglaze are Attic inspired. But the lip is much heavier and the handles more elongated.The wider splayed foot of this Etruscanimportand the Hellenistic forms of Corinthiankotylai in the Demeter Sanctuaryis, in fact, more practicalthan the usual slighter foot for the elongatedshape; it could have helped supportthe exaggeratedform of the late kotyle when filled with wine. 70 For Attic version, see AgoraXII, I.," p. 83, note 11 and B. Schlorb-Vierneisel, "Eridanos-Nekropole AM 81, 1966 (pp. 1-111), grave 158-1, p. 91 (from the Kerameikos),probablyearly 3rd century,not late 4th as datedtherein. 71 There is a fine large example in lot 4351, Group 4, with a beautifully polishedsurface. 72 Pit A, Group 5, containsan exxample (lot 887:5);also lots 2110:2 and 2110:3 of the early 4th century,and lot 6838:2 of the same date. These all appear to be early examples of the form.
67 Corinth XIII, pp. 127-128; Agora XII, pp. 81-83.
distinctionfollows Williams in Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 155, note 18.
VIII. KOTYLAI
27
-ZIIDLID
22
41 397
< 62--
LES
40 40
Ut
14 14
//
405 405
5, 39
113
402 ^^^
FIG.6. Kotylai. Scale 1:2
~399
28
SHAPE STUDIES
surface; the handles are pinched-on strips of clay. 404 is very similar to an example from Forum well 1975-5.73 Whether this small form lasted until 146 is as yet unclear; fragments are found in Mummian debris but not sufficiently well preserved to note changes beyond the ca. 200 B.C. shape. The latest examples of that date show a fairly open profile (as compared to the final form of the black ovoid type); the profile in fact resembles the MC kotyle wall. 405-409 are fragments of larger plain kotylai, presumably made in the Hellenistic period; the context, lot 6640, is of Hellenistic and early Roman date. The profiles of foot, wall, and lip resemble the black-glazed kotylai, and thus they are published in this, not the Roman, section. K. Slane and N. Bookidis identified them as Greek.
IX. SKYPHOI
Corinthian 43 301 302 303 304 80 81 410 115 158 412 Imported 313 314 315 343 344 345 346-349 350-353 354, 355 356 357 358 359 61 360 116 411 ray based red figure red figure red figure red figure glazed glazed glazed glazed glazed glazed Attic black figure Attic black figure Attic blackfigure Attic glaux Attic red figure Attic red figure Attic red figure74 Attic red figure Attic red figure Attic red figure Attic red figure Attic red figure Attic red figure red figure Attic red figure Attic glazed Attic glazed Group 3 Fig. 7, P1.7 P1.33 P1.33 P1.33 P1.33 Fig. 7, P1.12 Fig. 7, P1.12 Fig. 7, P1.46 Fig. 7, P1.15 Fig. 7, P1.18 Fig. 7, P1.46 P1.34 P1.35 P1.35 P1.39 PI. 39 P1.39 PI. 39 P1.39 P1.40 P1.40 PI. 41 P1.41 P1.41 PI. 9 P1.41 Fig. 7, P1.15 P1.46 early 5th century ca. 420-410 B.C. end of 5th century end of 5th or beginningof 4th century end of 5th or beginningof 4th century third quarter4th century third quarter4th century thirdor early fourthquarter4th century end of 4th century late firstor early secondquarter3rd century late firstor secondquarter3rd century early 5th century early 5th century early 5th century secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century just aftermid-5th century just after mid-5th century mid-5th century mid-5th century thirdquarter5th century ca. 430-420 B.C. fourthquarter5th century firstor early secondquarter4th century late firstor secondquarter3rd century early 3rd century
Group 6 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Group 5 Group 7
Since the skyphos is an Attic invention,75 it is appropriate that the earliest examples of the shape excavated in the Sanctuary are Attic black figure (313-315). They all have parallels in material from the Athenian Agora of the early 5th century, cited under each entry.76
C-75-285, of Hellenistic date;the well is mentionedin Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, p. 109, note 7. 346-349, 350-353, and 354, 355 representseparatefragmentsmost likely from the same vessels. Becausethere is no absolute certaintyof the connections,I have publishedthe fragmentsseparatelyin the catalogue,noting the likelihoodof attributions. 75 For the distinctionbetween skyphosand kotyle, see under kotylai (Shape Studies,VIII), p. 26 above. 76 See the material in Vanderpool,Hesperia 15, 1946.
73 74
IX. SKYPHOI
29
~r
43 If4
'I \y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
; I
410
158
115
412
116
FIG.7. Skyphoi.Scale 1:2
30
SHAPE STUDIES
The series of Corinthian skyphoi begins with 43, from Group 3, showing the grafting of the torus foot onto the older ray-based kotyle form. The series can be followed into the 3rd century, in both black and figured examples. Since the development of the shape has been thoroughly discussed elsewhere,77 a summary of Sanctuary skyphoi seems sufficient. After the introduction of the Attic form into Corinth, many imitations of Attic decoration and glaze were produced. There are numerous fragments of these 5th-century skyphoi from Sanctuary contexts but none adequately preserved for publication.78 Red-figured Attic examples represent the 5th century, with some fine artists responsible for several fragments (344, 345 Penthesilean; 346-349 by the Lewis Painter). By the end of the century, the skyphos begins to acquire a compound curve to the wall, by a concavity below the lip forcing the lip outwards. A curious imported example (61) and a Corinthian red-figured fragment (301) illustrate this first stage of the change. For the earlier 4th century, one Attic red-figured skyphos (360) shows the compound-curve wall. There are, as with kotylai and other shapes, many well-preserved Corinthian skyphoi of the later 4th century, including an enormous ribbed example, 80.79 The shape continues into the 3rd century; 158 and 412 are the latest skyphoi. The shape does not survive the 3rd century.80 The extremely narrow foot and the expanded wall must have made the vessel, when full of wine, a very hazardous drinking cup.
X. CUPS
Corinthian 413 24 234 414 Imported 318 319 320 321 322 323 316, 317 159 361 362 363 364 365 82 offset rim offset rim offset rim wishbonehandles Fig. 8, P1.46 P1.5 P1.24 Fig. 8, P1.46 P1.35 PI. 35 P1.35 PI. 35 P1.35 PI. 35 PI. 35 PI. 18 P1.41 P1.41 P1.42 P1.42 P1.43 PI. 12 EC MC or early LC late MC or LC 6th century secondquarter6th century secondquarter6th century mid- or third quarter6th century third quarter6th century thirdquarter6th century later 6th century late 6th century early 5th century firstquarter5th century firstquarter5th century firstquarter5th century secondquarter5th century early 4th century firstquarter3rd century
Group 2
Attic black figure,Siana Attic black figure, Siana Attic black figure,band cup Attic blackfigure, lip cup Attic blackfigure,lip cup black figure Attic black figure,deep cup Attic black figure Group 8 Attic red figure Attic red figure Attic red figure Attic red figure red figure Attic glazed calyx-cup Group 6
All the cups are included in this section, except for the one-handled variety, discussed in Shape Studies, XIII.
77Agora XII, pp. 84-85. For the 5th-centuryform in Corinthianfabric,see CorinthXIII, p. 124; also C-64-259 (Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, p. 297, no. 108, pl. 73). There is also a very large outline-stylevessel with a skyphosfoot, 287; but it is publishedas a skyphoidkrater.The shape, decoration,and style are unique. 79 There is also a very large Attic skyphos (krateroidsize) from the Forum drain, 1937-1, C-37-582. See also C-47-858 a and b, C-47-859 (CorinthVII, iii, nos. 307-309, p. 69; well 1947-2). See also the late 5th-centuryskyphosin Basel, paintedby an artist in the circle of the Meidias Painter (E. Simon, "Kratosund Bia," Wiirzburger Jahrbicher, n.s. 1, 1975, pp. 177-186). 80 For the form in Corinth, see E. Pemberton,Hesperia 54, 1985, pp. 280-282. 3rd-century
78
XI. PHIALAI
31
413
414
FIG. 8. Cups. Scale 1:2
In the Archaic period, the Corinthian vase painter did not decorate the cup as often as the kotyle, although some very fine cups were produced, especially in the MC period. In the Sanctuary, even the non-figured, black-glazed ones are virtually absent from 6th-century strata. That no gorgoneion cups and no more than a few bird cups (see 234) were found suggests neither need for nor popularity of the shape. Only one of the four Corinthian examples is without parallel, 414; the most important of the four is the deep EC cup with graffito, 413. The Attic black-figured examples are far more numerous, with a range of cup types, including two fine Siana examples, by the C Painter (318) and the Heidelberg Painter (319). The most common form found in the late 6th- and early 5th-century levels is the palmette cup, but none mended sufficiently for publication. There are several fine red-figured examples, including one by Makron (361), one by a Dourian hand (363), and one by the Pistoxenos Painter (364). Still, the Attic black- and red-figured skyphoi and glazed forms of the kotylai and skyphoi far outnumber the cups, paralleling the statistics for the same shapes in Corinthian fabric. Yet, one may note the following: the decorated Attic cups from the Sanctuary, in both red and black figure, are much finer than the figured Corinthian ones. I am unsure whether that has any significance. By the end of the 5th century, imports in the shape virtually cease; there is only one later cup, 82, a calyx-cup from Athens.
XI. PHIALAI
Corinthian
25 415 416 417 418
decorated decorated decorated plain decorated
Group 2
Fig. 9, P1.5 Fig. 9, P1.46 P1.46
before550 B.C. before550 B.C. mid-6th century mid-6th century after mid-6thcentury
32
SHAPE STUDIES
25
415
420
421
426
427
428
430
118
FIG. 9. Phialai. Scale 1:2
174
419 235 420 421 280 281 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 173 117 432 118 119 175 174
Imported
decorated figured decorated decorated figured figured decorated decorated plain plain plain plain plain plain plain plain plain plain plain plain plain
P. 46 P. 24 Fig. 9 Fig. 9, P1.46 *Fig. 32, PI. 30 P. 30 P. 46 P1.46 Fig. 9 Fig. 9, PI. 46 Fig. 9 Fig. 9, P1.46 Group 9 Group 7 Group 7 Group 7 Group 9 Group 9 P1.19 P1. 15 P. 46 Fig. 9, PI. 15 P1. 15 P1. 19 Fig. 9, P1.19
mid- or later 6th century LC end of 6th century,slightly later? end of 6th century third quarter5th century later 5th century later 5th century 5th century? firsthalf 4th century third quarter4th century third quarter4th century third quarter4th century third quarter4th century late 4th century late 4th or early 3rd century end of 4th century early 3rd century early 3rd century early 3rd century mid-3rdcentury later 3rd century early 5th century early 5th century
Attic decorated 422 Attic decorated 423 *Decorationonly; see catalogueentry.
P1.46
XI. PHIALAI
33
Phialai are found in every area and in most periods of the Sanctuary. They surely were important in rituals, both of cult and of building construction (see 427-430). Although many of the examples are very small, possibly functioning as miniatures for votive purposes, all are included here and are published with the
regular wares, not with miniatures. It is impossibleto determineat what diameteror height a phiale becomes a miniature. Presumably, a small drop of liquid in a tiny phiale might suffice for the requisite ritual.
Analysis of the shape shows gradualchangesin profilebut without the more obviousdistinctionsfoundin
other vessels. One assumes that cult and votive vessels change little, or at least exhibit less of the experimentation in shape change of everyday fine wares. Nevertheless, there are continuous alterations of the
profile. The means of isolating the changes was by examinationof materialfrom contextsin Corinthother than those of the Sanctuaryfor comparisonwith the Sanctuaryphialai.
The 6th-century phiale has a wide resting surface, good central depression (unless of very small size), high convex flaring wall terminating in a simple rounded lip, an omphalos variously formed but usually rounded and rising continuously from the floor; the floor and wall are also continuous, not offset from each other. The vessel is often decorated, usually with bands, sometimes with floral or figure designs. Group 2 contains the first example, 25; lot 1985, also from Room D (Room R:23-24), has similar phialai, decorated and plain (415-417). These date to the mid-6th century. 418 and 419 have rounded omphaloi and date to the middle of the century or slightly later, on the basis of context. A phiale decorated in silhouette style, 235, retains the rounded (earlier) lip, but another phiale from the same lot (1988), 420, has a heavier rim, thus introducing a
characteristic popular in the 5th century.81 421 shows the 5th-centuryprofile. The wall is still high and flaring in convexform, but it terminatesin a
heavier projecting rim. The omphalos is more offset from the floor and has a level top.82 Some 5th-century
phialai are decorated.The Sanctuaryyieldedtwo Attic polychromeexamples,422 and 423. The 5th-century
profile is confirmed by 280, with Vrysoula animals and palmettes, and by 281, probably related to the Sam
Wide group of vases. Both have the heavier rim and lower wall profile; in addition, in these and many
contemporary phialai, the wall and floor do not merge as in 6th-century examples. 424, from a 5th-century
in context, shows the same characteristics a very small size. 425 is a lovely work, with crisp scallopedwalls, 5th centuryin date.83 probably
There are no examples, either from the Sanctuary or from other contexts in Ancient Corinth, that may be
securely dated to the first half of the 4th century.426 probablybelongs within that period, but the context has a long span, from the 6th through the 4th century.There are abundantphialai from later 4th-century
contexts. 427-430 find parallels in closely datable strata of the third quarter of the century.84 They are also very important, for they were found in the foundation trench of wall 245, indicative, perhaps, of a ritual associated with the construction of a dining room. The 4th-century profile is still low, the floor and wall are once more continuous, the rim is defined and in many examples is offset by grooves. Some examples have an inturned rim, similar to the profile of the small echinus bowl (see 117, 175). The omphaloi are low, set off from the floor, and almost always flat topped. From the later 4th century on, phialai are undecorated.85 431 and 432, from the debris in Room Ka (Building K-L:24-25), may be slightly later than the above, for the central depression is losing its definition.86 Group 7 contains several phialai that have a range in dates.
81For 6th-centuryphialai, see C-53-209 (Brann, Hesperia 25, 1956, p. 363, no. 45, pl. 56; well 1953-1). A larger unpublished example, C-34-2516, has the same profileand is decoratedwith a late incisedpalmettechain. It comesfroma grave, 1934-11, which containedaryballoiand other LC pottery. 82 KP 548 and KP 549 (CorinthXV, iii, no. 1036), from Stelai Shrine A of the Potters'Quarter, have similar omphaloi,but the rim is not so well definedas that of 421. The contextof 421, lot 1991, has potterygoing to the end of the 6th century;the developed form of the type 3 kalathiskosis not found in that lot, nor are other shapes characteristic the early 5th century.See the discussion of under kalathiskoi(Shape Studies, VII), p. 24 above. 83 There are several dated 5th-century phialai: C-39-226 and C-39-227, from well 1939-1, unpublished; C-34-1159 and C-34-1162 (Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937, p. 287, nos. 120, 121, fig. 20; well 1934-10). The profileof rim and wall of many 5th-century phialai resemblesa contemporaryform of bowl. See T 2871 (CorinthXIII, p. 148, grave 388-13). 84 See C-75-161 and C-75-162, from the Forum, well 1975-4; other potteryof this group is published in Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, pp. 117-124 (C-75-162 is no. 49, pl. 21). 85 C-75-162 (footnote84 above) is one of the last examples to be decorated,with interiorbands and dots on the rim. 86 See KP 703 (CorinthXV, iii, no. 2247), from the Potters'Quarter, TerracottaFactory,quite similar to 432.
34
SHAPE STUDIES
117 is probably from the end of the 4th century, but 118 and 119 resemble the Room Ka examples and may date to the early 3rd century. Group 9, ranging throughout much of the 3rd century, contains three examples, 173-175. The omphaloi are small, the central depressions weak, the resting surfaces very narrow, the rims less well defined.87 The contraction of the resting surface resembles the change in contemporary saucers. The phiale appears to lose its importance and popularity as a cult or votive vessel in the later 3rd century. Group 10 contained no phialai; the huge amount of pottery in Group 11 revealed fragments of only three. This may be accidental, since both fills are from dining rooms. But generally in strata associated with the later Hellenistic phase of the Sanctuary, phialai are absent. There is a group of phialai discussed by K. Slane in the last section of Catalogue II (675-681). The contexts of the fragments do not give an indisputable date of manufacture of the pieces. The profiles and fabrics, however, of these relatively large examples differ considerably from those that are clearly pre-
146 B.C. Since Slane recognized and studied these phialai, it is more appropriatethat she publish them,
although we are not sure whether they are Greek (Hellenistic) or Roman.
XII. KANTHAROI
Corinthian 433 434 435 436 437 Imported 83 84 120 goblet? one-piece cyma articulated West Slope? Attic Attic Attic Group 6 Group 6 Group 7 Fig. 10, P1.46 P1.46 Fig. 10, P1.46 Fig. 10, P1.46 Fig. 10, PI. 47 P1. 12 Fig. 10, P1. 12 P1. 15 first quarter4th century secondquarter3rd century? secondquarterto mid-3rdcentury mid-3rdcenturyor slightly later later Hellenistic? 4th century 4th century early 3rd century
There is only one early kantharos from the Demeter Sanctuary, a very small fragment of Etruscan bucchero,
published in 1974 and not included here.88Fragmentsof Hellenistic kantharoiin Corinthianfabric, identifiable by handle and foot fragments, are conspicuous in later levels. There is a very real question about the beginning date for the Hellenistic varieties of Corinthian kantharoi. No Corinthian examples have been found in any of the recently excavated fills dated to the third quarter of the 4th century.89 Similarly, no Corinthian fragments were found in the fill of the Trapezoidal Stoa, Group 6, which did have several Attic fragments, 83 and 84.90 Group 7, the votive pit B, also contained no Corinthian kantharoi but one Attic handle, 120. Both these groups have other forms of drinking vessels. Edwards noted the presence of kantharoi in the South Stoa shop wells but not in the deposits associated with the construction of the building.91 Since the Stoa wells contained unstratified dumped fills, they give no
The example is unfortunatelynot closely datablewithin the Hellenistic period, owing to the long span of the contentsof that well. 88Macintosh in Williams, Macintosh, and Fisher, Hesperia 43, 1974, p. 39, no. 30: C-73-301. 89See the material from the Forum drain, 1971-1: Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, pp. 155-163; well 1975-4: Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, pp. 117-124 (a votive pit). A Corinthianversionof the Attic cup-kantharoswith moldedrim (Agora XII, nos. 696-704), was found in cistern 1979-1, C-1979-115, but with simpler foot, closer to the kotyle foot (cisternnoted in Williams, Hesperia 49, 1980, pp. 120-121). This cistern was put out of use by the building of the South Stoa;the potteryis consistent with other deposits of the third quarterof the 4th century.There are a few fragmentsof cup-kantharosrims in the Demeter Sanctuary, as lot 3230:15 (Group 11), but it was never a popular shape in Corinth. The 5th-centuryvotive kantharoifrom Vrysoula, based on a Boeotian form, stand apart as a special class with neither past nor future (Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 276-277, 290-291, nos. 16, 17, 72-76). fabric exist in the context potteryof Groups 6 and 7. 91 Corinth VII, iii, p. 83, discussingthe articulatedkantharosform, but the observationis applicableto all the profiles.
90 Small lip fragments of cyma kantharoi might be mistaken for late skyphoi, but no kantharos feet, no ring handles in Corinthian
87 There is a similar example from the Katsoulis well (well 1965-3, unpublished), C-65-387, with a slightly more projecting rim.
XII. KANTHAROI
35
437
433 436
435
84
FIG. 10. Kantharoi.Scale 1:2
intrinsic evidence for the introductionof the kantharoslocally made. Given the lack of kantharoiin construction fills and the currentlowering of the date of the building of the South Stoa, it now seems that the Hellenistic forms of Corinthian kantharoimay not have appearedin Corinth until ca. 300 B.C. or later,92
that is, after similar forms had been established in Athens.93 Two forms of kantharoi resemble older drinking vessels that disappear in the 3rd century. The one-piece type has a wall profile similar to the black ovoid kotyle; the cyma kantharos resembles the skyphos with
92 There are three kantharoi,not from South Stoa wells, that seem to come from pre-300 B.C. contexts.From the Potters'Quarter is a one-pieceexample with knottedhandles, KP 213 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 384, p. 76), publishednow in CorinthXV, iii as no. 1166, p. 217, dated there to the first half of the 4th century.It is called eclecticthere, the body similar to a footedmug, the reservedfoot as on a kotyle. The wall does not curve in as typical for the one-piece, nor is the foot well articulated.It may show the same sort of experimentationas does 433. Althoughthe Potters'Quarterseems to have been destroyedby the later 4th-centuryearthquake,there are later vessels from that site. KP 213 did not have a secure context. Also fromthe Potters'Quarteris KP 2702 (CorinthVII, iii, p. 76, note 77), publishedin CorinthXV, iii as no. 1237, p. 227. The clay does not appear to be Corinthian. It is much harderthan the usual Corinthian,with a hard thin glaze; the core is 7.5YR 7/4 (pink). The ribbing rises very close to the top of the wall, unlike similar work on the cyma or Acrocorinthvarieties,where it stops lower on the wall. The ribbing is boundedby a grooveand a ridge;the separategroovesof the rim zone are lacking. The wall also passes more continuously into the flaring lip. The lack of incision or painted decoration,conspicuouson most kantharoi,is also curious. The quality of the ribbing and the stamped eggs are more suggestiveof an early 4th- than of the later 4th-century date proposedin both publications.It is a large vessel, with an estimatedlip diameterof 0.125 m. and is, I am sure, an import, found without good context. The kantharosfound in grave 1960-7, C-60-227 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 451, p. 82), giving the name to the Acrocorinth shape, also is not Corinthian.The clay is highly micaceous,5YR 5/6 (reddishyellow) in the core, very hard, close to Attic. The unguentarium and the silver obol found with the kantharosdate the grave to the third quarter of the century, but the kantharosis foreign. The shape is made elsewhere. None of the other kantharoigiven later 4th-centurydates comes from closed, stratified,securecontexts. 93The related Attic types are discussed in Corinth VII, iii, under the various shapes: one-piece, pp. 74-76; cyma, pp. 76-82; articulated,pp. 83-86.
36
SHAPE STUDIES
compound curve. If kantharoi were first produced shortly after 300 B.C., they may have been intended as replacements for the older vessels which had become very impractical in shape. The earliest examples from the Sanctuary are Attic: 83, 84, 120. Parallels for each are cited under the individual entries. Of the Corinthian kantharoi, the cyma and articulated are the most popular forms, but as with so much of the Hellenistic pottery, found primarily on the Lower Terrace, few mended sufficiently for publication. The two examples, 435 and 436, can be placed within the series arranged by Edwards, although the absolute dates may have to be lowered. 434 may be a one-piece type, but it has a ribbed body, exceptional for the shape. One fragment of a wall with thorn decoration was found in lot 6181 (6181:1), M-N:19.94 There are two curious pieces included here as possible kantharoid vessels. 437 is a handsome puzzle; the
fabricmay be Corinthian,as it resemblesthe fabricused in some hemisphericalbowls and lamps of the later Hellenistic period, demonstrableas local.95The decorationof that incompletevase is much more elaborate
than is customary for the shape. 433 is a hybrid or experimental hapax, placed in this section by its foot profile. The foot is conical and spreading, the wall nearly vertical with a slight concavity under the simple lip, reminiscent of the late 5th-century change in the skyphos profile. The handle is not preserved. The decoration seems to derive from semiglazing of Classical kotylai and skyphoi. The general profile most resembles the Vrysoula goblet.96 The context of 433, lot 2110, is very consistent, with a great amount of pottery dating from the mid5th through the first quarter of the 4th century, with but a few earlier pieces.97 Thus 433 must belong to that period and is placed in the later part of it, on the basis of the resemblance to the goblet.
XIII. ONE-HANDLED CUPS

Corinthian 438 439 121 440 86 87 441 442 122 123 Imported 85 type 1 type 1 type 1 type 2 type 2 type 2 type 2 type 2 type 2 type 2 Attic PI. 47 Fig. 11, P1.47 P1. 15 Fig. 11 Fig. 11, PI. 12 Fig. 11, PI. 12 Fig. 11 Fig. 11, P1.47 Fig. 11, P1.15 P1. 15 P1.12 mid- to third quarter5th century 4th century later 4th century firsthalf 4th century thirdto fourthquarter4th century thirdto fourthquarter4th century thirdor early fourthquarter4th century thirdor early fourthquarter4th century ca. 300 B.C. ca. 300 B.C. or slightly later mid-4th century
Group 7 Group 6 Group 6
The one-handled cup is a problematic shape, with a chronologically vague development. There are two forms. The first is a thin-walled cup, glazed inside, semiglazed by dipping on the exterior, with a thin or even false ring foot, convex wall turning in slightly to a rounded lip, and a small horizontal loop handle set at
the top of the wall. It appearsin the secondquarterof the 5th century98 continuesinto the 4th, becoming and
94 Lot 6181, a burnt stratumwithin Building M-N:19, containspotteryof the 4th and earlier 3rd centuries;how far into the 3rd centuryit went cannotbe preciselystated. No moldmaderelief bowl fragmentswere found,but that may be accidental.Typical 3rdcenturymaterial, includinga later unguentarium(6181:3), a later stewpot (6181:2), small late pyxis fragments,and plates, suggests a terminal date at the middle of the century. 95 See the discussionof this fabric by C. Edwards,Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 200-201 (Fabric A). 96Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, p. 277, no. 18, pp. 291-292, nos. 78-87. 97 0:24, lot 2110. One of the latest datablefragmentsis a badly preservedAttic plate rim, close to AgoraXII, no. 1048, p. 309, of 400-375 B.C.(2110:1). The kalathiskoiin the lot are mostly of type 3, without interiorfloor circles (116 of these), as well as 22 of 2 type 4, earlier than the examples in Groups 6 and 7. There are at least 8 ovoidblack-glazedkotylai,all without contraction, blackglazed skyphoi, 23 semiglazed, only 3 ray based. There are also 2 plain kotylai (2110:2, 2110:3), with well-articulatedring feet, early in the series. The pottery thus seems to go into the first quarterof the 4th centurybut not beyondthat. 98 See T 3025, fromthe North Cemetery(CorinthXIII, grave294-1). Group 3, however,has no fragmentsof this shape, although ray-based and semiglazed kotylai and skyphoi do appear in that deposit. The pottery from the first level of the Punic Amphora
XIII. ONE-HANDLED CUPS
37
439
440
86
87
441
442
FIG. 11. One-handledcups. Scale 1:2
122
less common after the first quarter.99 Type 1 seems to be most popular in the second half of the 5th century.100There is no clear development or change in shape, except for a gradual contraction of the foot and a swifter rise of the wall to the lip, in place of the gentler convex curve, thus creating a more diagonal pro-
file.'01Comparethe Sanctuaryexamples 438 of the mid-5th centurywith 121 of the 4th.

439 is only partially preserved. It comes from the debris over the floor of Building M-N:19 (Room P); the material is mostly 4th century (see the saucer 464 and the cooking pot 651), with only a few fragments of earlier material. The profile of the one-handler 439 appears to be a hybrid or transition between the type 1 one-handler and the echinus bowl. The heavier inturning lip suggests the cup form, but the light ring foot derives from the echinus bowl. The latter normally has a wall higher than that of 439, and so far as I can
determine,it always has a strongring foot. I tend to believethat 439 is a type 1 cup, but without evidencefor the handle, it may be an early echinus bowl.'02 Type 2 has a thicker wall, more verticalin its upper half; the lip is flat, the foot begins as a well-defined
ring, nearly vertical on its outer face. There may often be a slight projecting of the lip. The cup is entirely glazed, except for a few examples with reserved undersurfaces decorated with black circles and pink wash,
Building, excavated in the Forum in 1978 (Williams, Hesperia 48, 1979, p. 114), compoundsthe problemof the date. Although some of the material appears to go well into the secondquarterof the 5th century(Attic imports:red figure, glaux cup, kraterfragments), there are ray-basedkotylai and skyphoi, one semiglazedvessel, but no one-handlers. 99 The evidenceis inconclusive.One of the best sourcesof the shape is the gravesof the North Cemetery,but they drop in number after 400 B.c. A few examples of type 1 have been found in 4th-century contexts: C-37-188, from drain 1937-1, unpublished; C-71-92, from drain 1971-1 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 159, no. 31, pl. 26). The first is datedto the secondquarter of the 4th century,the secondto the third quarter. Both types 1 and 2 of the one-handlerswere found in cistern 1979-1, also of the third quarterof the 4th century (C-1979-117, type 1; C-1979-116, type 2). 100 For example, C-39-56-C-39-79, from well 1939-1, mostly third quarterof the 5th century. 101 Compareexamples from the North Cemetery:T 568 and T 569, from grave 321, nos. 1 and 2 (CorinthXIII, pi. 46), second quarterof the 5th century,with T 2637, T 2638, of grave 429, nos. 2 and 3 (CorinthXIII, pl. 72), from the early 4th century.The North Cemeteryexamples appear to decreasein size, but C-37-188 (footnote99 above) is over 0.05 m. in height, 0.123 m. in lip diameter. 102 See also the Attic example, C-71-89, from drain 1971-1 (footnote99 above), unpublished,with a clearly inturnedlip. For the large echinus bowl see p. 41 below, for the small version, pp. 41-42 below.
38
SHAPE STUDIES
similar to some kotylai and skyphoi. The type appears in the early 4th century,but the exact date is as yet unclear.103 continuesinto the 3rd century. It
As with type 1, the shape allows no precise dating. Two examples from Group 6 show differences in
profile. 86 has a foot wider in relation to the height, a more open wall profile, and well-offset foot. 87 has a high wall, narrower foot, and slightly projectinglip. Neither has the handle preserved.It is impossibleto determineif one is earlier than the other.'04441 resembles87.
Group 7 contains several one-handlers, with examples of both profiles of type 2, 122 and 123. There are
also examplesof type 1 in the group, illustratedby 121. Since 6th- and 5th-centurypotterywas foundin this stratum,albeit in less quantity than the later material, I cannotgive a firm date for this type 1 cup. It shows
peculiarities, however, in its better defined ring foot, nippled undersurface, and high wall. There appears to
be influenceon 121 from the type 2 cup. I can only suggest a later 4th-centurydate for it.105 442, from late 4th-centurydestructiondebris in Room 2-3 of Building K-L:24-25, has the lower type 2
profile and seems slightly earlier than the example of that type from Group 7 (Pit B), 122. The foot is better
defined,the handle less triangularin 442. 441, from Building N:21-22, has the higher wall profileof type 2. of 123, Group 7, showing the same higher profile,has a poorerwall-surfacefinish and a peculiarcontraction the upper wall to the lip. But 123 may not be much later than 441. 441 has a pronouncednipple, strongly contractedhandle roots, and a narrowerfoot, althoughthe heights of 441 and 123 are almost the same.
The two profiles of type 2 appear to be contemporaneous; one does not succeed the other. They may have had a span of about one hundred years, without consistent changes in profile. Differences may be attributable more to workshops than to dates, and the utilitarian nature of the vase (used as a scoop or ladle as well
as a drinkingcup?) may accountfor the lack of interestin altering it.

The final date of the shape is also unclear. It is uncertain whether any of the one-handled cups from
Group 7 may be assiged to the terminal date of that group. No fragments of the shape were found in Groups 8 or 9, but that may be fortuitous. Both the later groups contained fragments of other drinking
vessels, but the one-handled cup was never so popular as the skyphos. The one-handled cup is not, however, a shape associated with 146 B.C.destruction debris.
Although there are several fragments of Attic one-handlersin the context pottery, it was apparently a
shape not often imported into Corinth. Only one is sufficiently preserved to deserve publication, 85, from the mid-4th century. The Corinthian forms have no Attic equivalent. There is some similarity in the lip and foot of some type 2 cups with Attic profiles, but the Attic versions are wider in relation to the height, and thus are shallower. In addition, the Corinthian one-handler may have lasted longer than the Attic.'06
XIV. BOWLS, LEKANIDES, AND OTHER DISHES

Corinthian, pre-Hellenistic forms
443 236 237 54 62
flat rimmed figured,lekanoid figured semiglazed,small semiglazed,small
Group 4 Group 5
PI. 47 *Fig. 30, PI. 24 Fig. 12, P1.24 PI. 8 PI. 9
firsthalf 6th century MC or LC LC or later secondquarter5th century thirdor fourthquarter5th century
104 These same differencesappear in two examples from drain 1971-1 (footnote99 above, p. 37). C-71-108 has the lower, wider profile; C-71-95 is taller, with a less offset foot. Another contemporaryfill, pit 1937-1, also has the two variants: C-37-2548, C-37-2553, C-37-2554 show the lower profile;C-37-2549, C-37-2550, C-37-2551 the higher. Both variantsof type 2 also came out of the 1979-1 cistern:C-1979-145 with the lower wall, C-1979-116 the higher profile. 105 See referenceto late type 1 in footnote99 above, p. 37. 106 For the Attic one-handledcup, see AgoraXII, pp. 124-127: "it does not seem to go down into the Hellenistic period"(p. 124). There are also versionsof the cup in Corinthianfabricwith two handles, found in the Forum;these have not been identifiedin the Sanctuary.But the rim and foot sherds are identical;without evidencefor one or two handles, they cannot be distinguished.
103One was found in Forum well 1937-1, C-37-422, unpublished.
XIV. BOWLS, LEKANIDES, AND OTHER DISHES Sam Wide 293 Sam Wide 294 lekanis 136 lekanis lid 137 Corinthian,Hellenisticforms107 447 large echinus 185 large echinus small echinus 88 small echinus 89 small echinus 124 small echinus 125 small echinus 448 126 unglazedechinus? 160 semiglazed 186 semiglazed outturnedrim 449 outturnedrim 90 450 outturnedrim 451 outturnedrim, small outturnedrim, small 452 453 conical 187 conical 454 hemispherical Imported 444 Lakonian Attic saltcellar 445 Attic echinus 446 91 Attic outturnedrim *Decorationonly; see catalogueentry. PI. 32 P1.32 PI. 16 P1.16 third quarter5th century third quarter5th century early 3rd century early 3rd century early 3rd century later 3rd century early 4th century late 4th century fourthquarter4th century firstquarter3rd century secondquarterto mid-3rdcentury 4th century early 3rd century mid- or third quarter3rd century early 4th century third quarter4th century late 4th century early 3rd century late 3rd or early 2nd century secondhalf 3rd century ca. 200 B.c. late 3rd or early 2nd century 6th century? late 6th century mid-4th century third quarter4th century
39
Group 7 Group 7
Group 10 Group 6 Group 6 Group 7 Group 7
Fig. 12, PI. 47 Fig. 12 Fig. 12, PI. 13 P1.13 Fig. 12, PI. 16 Fig. 12, P1. 16 PI. 47 7 Group Fig. 12, PI. 16 8 P1. 18 Group 10 Fig. 12, P1.20 Group Fig. 12, P1.47 PI. 13 Group 6 P1.47 Fig. 12, P1.47 Fig. 12 P1.47 Group 10 Fig. 12, P1.20 Fig. 12, PI. 47 Fig. 12 Fig. 12, PI. 47 Fig. 12, P1.47 Fig. 12, P1. 13
Group 6
Most of the pre-Hellenistic bowls from the Sanctuary are single examples of the type. Although 6th-century levels have many fragments of black-glazed bowls, only one example, 443, was sufficiently preserved to warrant publication. Two decorated examples, a lekanoid form, 236, and an interesting coarse-ware example, 237,108 are among the few figured bowls found. It is not a shape much favored by Corinthian painters. One import from Lakonia, 444, without shape parallel, can be dated only by context. Originally it was very large, possibly even a krater, not a bowl. Two examples of the very popular semiglazed bowls of the 5th century are published, 54 and 62.109 It is possible that these are not miniatures but small saltcellars, superseded by the small echinus bowls or beveledrim bowls. The unglazed lekanis also appeared in the 5th century; fragments of this type may be found in almost every stratum of the dining rooms, but only two examples, late in the series, mended sufficiently for publication, 136 and 137. It is stated in Corinth VII, iii that the lekanis continued to 146 B.c.;110 this is not sure. In 146 B.c. destruction levels excavated in the Forum, no fragments of unglazed lekanides were found. 11' Fragments of these bowls appear in debris of that date in the Sanctuary, but there is earlier material also in all
107 Some of the shapes begin in the earlier 4th century,but becausethe types continueinto the Hellenistic period,they are included in this group. 108 The coarse-ware example, 237, is technicallyplaced in the wrong section;it is cataloguedwith the Corinthianblack-figured (fine-ware) vases, rather than with the coarse ware. The criterionused was the decorativetechnique,rather than the fabric, hence the anomaly. 109 CorinthXIII, pp. 148-149. Many of these little bowls have been found in domesticcontexts,as in the 5th-centurywell 1939-1. There are examples from drain 1937-1 and pit 1937-1, but none were found in Forum drain 1971-1. The form of bowl may thus have gone out of use by the end of the third quarterof the 4th century.
110 Pp. 94-96.
111 For example, Forum Southwestwell 1975-1. But it must be noted that the lekanis is not often found in the Forum.
40
SHAPE STUDIES
- ca 130
r
444
237
445
446
447
185
88
124
125
126
186
449
451
452
91
12. FIG. Bow. Scae 1:244

FIG.12. Bowls. Scale 1:2
XIV. BOWLS, LEKANIDES, AND OTHER DISHES
41
those strata.112 Although many Corinthianvessels have counterpartselsewhere,especiallyin Athens, assistthe chronologyof the form,the unglazedlekanisdoesnot haveparallels.The Atticversiondoesnot survive ing the 4th century.113 The example in CorinthVII, iii (C-47-822), datedto 146 B.C., comesfrom a destruction 14 in a buildingof Forum Southeast, a fill with earlierand Romanvessels.The late characteristics that dump it displayscan be seen in other 3rd-centurypots:the pinched-onhandlehas its counterpart the undecorated in
kotylai of the 3rd century (see 114, 157, 404). The change of profile from continuous curve to slight carination
echoes contemporary profiles of semiglazedbowls and bowls with outturnedrims. The last lekanidesare so
small that the late form of pyxis with slipover lid may have been a replacement (see 179-181, 202). As
Edwardsstates,the full developmentand chronologyof the lekanisbowl are as yet not clear.11 Relatively greater numbers of Hellenistic forms of bowls appear in the catalogue;they seem to be in greaterproportionin the later stratathan are the bowls in 6th- and 5th-centurylevels. Also, publicationof a
number of examples may help establish the shape development of some of the problematic forms. The
various types of bowls are discussed separately below; small bowls with beveled rims, moldmade relief
bowls, and saucers appear below in Shape Studies, XV-XVII. Large echinus bowl
The large echinus bowl appears about the middle of the 4th century.116 C-71-52 and C-71-53 of Corinthian fabric and C-71-50 of Attic were found in the pottery deposit of Forum drain 1971-1.117 They are solid bowls with substantial walls, high thick ring feet, and wide convex walls with a continuous curve to the tapered lips. They are fully glazed. The earliest bowls have a maximum diameter only slightly more than
twice the foot diameter.This ratio changes in time: the foot contractsin both diameterand height;the wall becomes higher and in some examples has a less pronouncedcurve to the lip; the lip slants up instead of
directly into the center of the bowl. The outer wall is glazed by dipping, not fully painted. If the change to steepness and foot constriction is accurate, the shape development compares with that of the saucer. The Attic version of the vessel has a lower profile and is thus more open; the foot has a diameter greater than that of contemporary Corinthian bowls.118 The large echinus bowl is not so popular a shape in the Sanctuary as plain saucers and semiglazed bowls. Three examples appear in the catalogue. The first, appropriately, is Attic, since the shape was produced there first; 446 is mid-4th century, although much of the context material is later in date. 185 from Group 10 is incomplete, but the angle of the wall requires a later 3rd-century date; 447 may be earlier. Small echinus bowl This saltcellar or condiment bowl (?) appears in the 4th century, as early as the first quarter.119 It may replace the small 5th-century bowl (54, 62), which disappears in the later 4th century. The small echinus
bowl comes from Athens,120 undergoessome changesin shape, and disappearsin the later 3rd century.It is not clearly associatedwith 146 B.C. destructionmaterial.
88, from Group 6, is an excellent example of the type, with a solid ring foot, high convex wall, and good glazing. It is close to an example found in 1947121 but with a better defined foot. The high wall may imitate the original Attic shape. 88 is probably fairly early in the series, before the middle of the 4th century. 89 from the same group has a more typical profile: lower and wider wall, slight nippling, lower foot, all characteristics of a late 4th-century date. The two bowls from Group 7, Pit B, 124 and 125, also exhibit variations
12 This wide range of dates parallelsthe datingof the South Stoa wells, on which so much of the Hellenistic chronologyin Corinth has depended.See the Introduction,pp. 3-4.
113
Agora XII, pp. 165-167.
114 CorinthVII,
15 116
iii, no. 558, p. 95, pls. 18, 57 (well 1947-3).
Corinth VII, iii, p. 95.
117 Not
18
119 120 121
CorinthVII, iii, pp. 29-33; large echinus bowls are nos. 15-34. illustratedin Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972 with material from the drain. Agora XII, nos. 825-842, pp. 131-132 (incurvingrim). CorinthVII, iii, no. 64, p. 32 (from well 1937-1); small echinus bowls are nos. 46-71.
Agora XII, nos. 939-950, pp. 137-138. C-47-264 (Corinth VII, iii, no. 53, p. 32).
42
SHAPE STUDIES
of shape. 124 is taller, with a narrower foot; 125 is poorly made, probably later than 124, made in the early
3rd century.
The last example, 448, is also 3rd century, but how late is as yet unclear. The foot is narrow, but the wall is not so low as the examples that are given the latest date in Corinth VII, iii.122There are other changes in the profile of the small echinus bowl that may be used as dating criteria; in some the turn to the lip is angled, approximating the beveled saucer. Bowls from a deposit with fairly limited dates may show different profiles.123 Such differences in contemporary bowls as well as changes in profile characteristics may or may not
be chronologicallysignificant.It is still very difficultto give any example a very specificdate. 126, from Group 7, is comparablein size to a saucer;it has no glaze. The wall is lower than is typical for the echinus bowl in this intermediatesize; it may be a 4th-century(or later?) variant. The saucer size is not so popular in the Sanctuaryas the large and small versions.
Semiglazed bowls124
With only two examples in the catalogue,one of which is incomplete,it might appear that this popular
Hellenistic shape was not used in the Sanctuary. In fact, fragments of these bowls, recognizable by the distinctive rim and banding, are conspicuous from the later 4th century on. One may note the fragments in
Groups 8 and 10; without the profile sufficientlypreserved,dating is difficultand consequentlypublication unwarranted. A number of different profiles appear in examples of the third quarter of the 4th century:C-71-51 and
C-71-266 from Forum drain 1971-1,125 and C-75-171 and C-75-172 from Forum well 1975-4.126 Not only do the profiles vary among these contemporary examples, but they are also quite different from examples published in Corinth VII, iii. C-75-171 has a concave neck before the rim; C-75-172 has a strongly projecting, almost flat rim. Only C-71-51 seems close to Edwards' earlier forms.127 Moreover, the examples
from the Forum excavationsall have feet narrowerthan expected and often lack exterior banding. There
may be a discernible evolution from a continuous curve to a greater articulation of shoulder, rim, and lip. But
it is also possible that there are differentbut contemporary variationsof the profile with little chronological significance.Comparethe two forms of type 2 one-handledcups.
Fragments of semiglazed bowls are found in 146 B.C.destruction levels in the Sanctuary. 186 is from such a fill, Group 10. It does not have the exaggerated articulation of bowls dated to the mid-2nd century in Corinth VII, iii.128The foot is wider in relation to height and lip diameter than in examples cited as ca.
146 B.C. Whether or not this is significantis unclear.129 is from Group 8 and lacks the full profile but 160
appears to retain a more continuous curve from wall to lip. No additional examples with enough of the
profile survivingcould be inventoried.

Bowl with outturned rim
This form has a long history in Corinth,undergoingextensivechanges.130 comesfromAthens;131 It many

Corinthian versions imitate the source by adding pink to the undersurface. 449 is the earliest example in the catalogue. It shows a continuous curve, flaring out and up to the heavily rolled rim derived from the
122 C-60-65 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 52, p. 32, ca. 250 B.C., fromwell 1960-4); C-47-443 (ibid.,no. 67, ca. 200 B.C., fromwell 1947-5). The date could conceivablybe lowered into the early 2nd centuryfor the latter. 123 C-37-2536 and C-37-2537 (CorinthVII, iii, nos. 49, 57, p. 32, pls. 2, 44; both from pit 1937-1). The first has a continuous curve, the second a far more angular shoulder. 124 Corinth VII, iii, pp. 28-29. 125 C-71-266 is published in Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 159, no. 35, pl. 26. 126 Both are in Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, pp. 120-121, nos. 40, 41, pl. 21. A third example, C-75-173, has the profile of the first example but with bands on the exterior. 127 C-31-201 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 11, p. 29, pls. 1, 43; well 1931-8). 128 C-34-21 from fill 1934-1 and C-47-235 from well 1934-5 (CorinthVII, iii, nos. 5, 6, p. 29, pls. 1, 43). 129 See C-75-303, unpublished,from a late Hellenistic well in the Forum (well 1975-1). It has a profile similar to 186. 130 CorinthVII, iii, pp. 33-34; these bowls are nos. 72-94. 131 Agora XII, nos. 777-808, pp. 128-130.
XV. SMALL BOWLS WITH BEVELED RIMS
43
Attic prototype. The stamping of the floor suggests a date in the first quarter of the 4th century, as does the context. 132 In 90, from Group 6, the wall is beginning to lose the continuous curve in favor of a strong vertical turn to the rim. In time, this turn will become a true carination. 90 is very similar to C-71-46, from Forum drain 1971-1.133 In addition,the rim is not a single roll but is tooledbelow its outer face, giving a sharp edge. The
Attic example, 91, is contemporary.

450 from room 2 (V) of Building M:21-22 is a variant of the bowl. The foot is less pronounced, although
not so slight as in the carinatedform;the lower wall is losing convexity;the upperwall is less verticaland has a slight concavitybefore terminatingin a roundedlip. This example may be a transitionbetween the two forms of bowls with outturnedrims.134 The smaller version with strong carinationbegins in the 3rd century135 lasts throughthe Hellenistic and There is an Attic equivalent.136 is the earlierof the two examples in the catalogue.It retainsfull 451 period. inheritedfrom the larger bowl); the wall and rim are glazing, with miltos on the inner foot (characteristics
sharply offset; the foot diameter is wider in relation to the maximum diameter. 452 is later, perhaps early
2nd century,with a less well definedfoot and loss of articulation.

Conical bowl
Only two incomplete examples appear in the catalogue; it was never very popular in the Sanctuary, indeed is fairly rare generally in Hellenistic levels in Corinth.137 is fairly well preserved.187 has been 453
reconstructed in plaster; in no area is a continuous original profile preserved. Both are probably not past the
early 2nd century.

Hemispherical bowl
This is an even rarer form.138 has the profile of the moldmaderelief bowl but has, in place of the relief It design, West Slope decoration.The one fragmentaryexample from the Sanctuary,454, may be ca. 200 B.C. in date.
XV. SMALL BOWLS WITH BEVELED RIMS

Corinthian
455 456 457 92 93 127 128 161
Group6 Group6 Group7 Group7 Group8
Fig. 13,P1.47 Fig. 13,P1.47 Fig. 13,PI.47 Fig. 13,P1.13 Fig. 13 Fig. 13,P1.16 Fig. 13,P1.16 Fig. 13,P1.18
4th thirdquarter century 4th thirdquarter century 4th thirdquarter century latefourth 4th quarter century 4th latefourth quarter century 3rd firstorearlysecond quarter century 3rd firstorearlysecond quarter century mid-3rd century
132Lot 6838: room 4 of Building M-N:20-26 (Room Ga). Fragmentaryskyphoiin the contextpotteryshow the beginningof the compoundcurve (6838:1). 133 Not published with the other material from that drain in Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972. 134 The context, lot 6208, contains mostly 4th-century material: C-69-267, a one-handledcup (cited below under 441); 387, a blister-wareoinochoe;and 455, a small bowl with beveledrim. 450 is not necessarilyfromthe terminaldate of the context,at the end of the third quarterof the century. 135CorinthVII, iii, p. 34; the earliest examples are dated to ca. 250 B.c. 136 Thompson, Hesperia 3, 1934, p. 317, A9-A13; p. 327, A71, A72; p. 347, C3; p. 370, D2-D6; p. 395, E33-E44. 137 Rare in comparisonwith the numbersof other forms of Hellenistic bowls. Conical bowls in CorinthVII, iii, are nos. 532-549 and 943, pp. 90-92, 187. 138CorinthVII, iii, nos. 527-531, 944, pp. 90, 187. Few additionalexamples have been found in recentexcavations.
44
SHAPE STUDIES
455
456
457
92
93
127
128
161
FIG.13. Small bowls with beveledrims. Scale 1:2
This low profiledsaltcellar'39 appearsin Corinthin the third quarterof the 4th century,with a profilemore than that of the small echinus bowl. Two depositsfoundin recentForum excavations,both datedto the open
same period, contain examples of the beveled bowl.140 The echinoid saucer141 of the first half of the 4th
centurymay be the forerunnerof the beveledbowl. The echinoidsaucercomesfrom an Attic form imported iintoCorinth142 does not last beyondiddlmiddleof the century,accordingto presentevidence. and the
C-75-175 from Forum well (votive pit) 1975-4 shows the combination of echinoid bowl with heavier bevel; the foot is not so solid as the vertical bracelet foot of most beveled bowls. C-71-97, from Forum drain 1971-1, has this heavier foot; it also has a double profile of the rim. C-71-273 from the same drain has the most typical profile of the three, with a straight flaring wall and well-articulated shoulder bevel. Thus the three bowls found in contemporary deposits show quite different profiles. Formulation of a consistent shape development in the beveled bowl proved to be impossible. There appears to be no one canonical form in any period. The wall profile may be virtually horizontal before the carination of the rim143 or quite diagonal,144 even though the examples are contemporary. There are also saucers which one might call beveled bowls, others, echinoid saucer-bowls.145 Many of the beveled bowls
139 CorinthVII, iii, pp. 34-35, nos. 95-100. Since it is so difficultto date examplesof this shape, the date assignedto each example in the catalogueis the latest date of the context. 140 C-71-97 and C-71-273, from Forum drain 1971-1 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 159, no. 36, pl. 26 is the former). C-75-175, from well (votivepit) 1975-4, unpublished. 141 Corinth VII, iii, nos. 35-45, p. 32. 142 Attic example from Forum well 1971-1, C-71-3 (unpublished),with parallels in AgoraXII, nos. 887, 888, p. 135, pl. 33. The Corinthianversionhas the ring foot typical of many 4th-centuryCorinthianshapes, as againstthe wide cut-out disk foot of the Attic version. 143 C-37-2546 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 99, p. 35), from pit 1937-1, of the third quarterof the 4th century. 144 C-71-273, from Forum drain 1971-1 (see footnote 140 above). 145 C-46-15 and C-35-645, classifiedin CorinthVII, iii, in the saucer group of the echinoidbowls (nos. 38 and 40, p. 32). The first is from South Stoa well XV (well 1946-1) and so may be later than 350 B.C. The secondis froma well in the terraceof the South Stoa (well 1935-4), found with a skyphos,C-35-114 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 350, p. 70) which appearsto be later than the date assignedto it of 375-350 B.C.The same well contained a gray-ware fish plate, C-35-962 (unpublished), probably post-146 B.C., and a wall fragment from an imitation Cypriot amphora, C-35-984 (unpublished).Other material from the well, consequently,is after midcentury. Thus neither of the bowls is limited by context to the earlier 4th century. Well 1935-4, containing C-35-645, has not been relocated.It must lie somewhere in front of shops XIII-XVI, in the terrace between the South Stoa and the centralshops. It may have been open for a considerablelength of time in the roadwayin front of the Stoa. See the well excavatedin 1971, also apparentlyopen in front of the South Stoa, towards the west end (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 171, the well in the courtyardof Building II, well 1971-2). See also remarksin the Introduction,footnote20 above,p. 4.
XVI. MOLDMADE RELIEF BOWLS
45
have a roundedrather than sharp bevel, thus resemblingthe small echinus bowls.146 Generallythe beveled bowl has a wider profile, more open than the formertype, but both shapes are totally blackglazed,both have ring feet, both have inturning rims.147 The beveledbowls from the Demeter Sanctuarydo not give any assistancein definingshape development. The Hellenistic strata, however, do help confirma terminusin the 3rd century.Group 8 has one example, 161; later groups have only a few or no fragments,suggestingthat the beveledbowls are no longer used by the end of the 3rd century. From Group 6, two examples show differentprofiles.92 has a higher wall and solid ring foot;the wall is slightly convex, not straight. 93 has a lighter foot (from the echinoid-bowlpredecessor?)and a straight, almost horizontal wall. The two from Group 7, 127 and 128, are similar, closer to 93 with the more horizontal wall. 161 from Group 8 actually resembles 92, with a more diagonal wall but slighter foot. It is to possiblethat 161 is earlierthan the bulk of the materialin that group, therebyexplainingthe resemblance in profile. The changes and resem92. But as noted above, bowls from limited contexts vary considerably blances describedmay not, indeed probablydo not, indicatechronologicaldifferences. The remaining examples, 455-457, come from debris of Classical dining rooms on the Lower Terrace, the result of the later 4th-centuryearthquake.Each has a differentprofile. 455 has a roundedbevel and is more echinoid.456 has a straightflaringhigh wall and fairly sharpbevel.The wall of 457 is morehorizontal than that of 456. The Corinthian potters may never have adopted a canonical version of the beveled bowl, unlike the kotylai, skyphoi, saucers, and other shapes. The similarity in size and profile between this vessel and the The two formsprobablyhad identicalfunctionsin the small echinusbowl causedcrossoverof characteristics. rooms. Both these small shapes disappearedin the 3rd century; productionof the beveled form dining probablystoppedslightly beforethat of the small echinus bowl. The two dishes were replacedby what?
XVI. MOLDMADE RELIEF BOWLS

Corinthian 458 459 193 460 194 461
Imported
figured figured imbricate imbricate linearleaf shield
P1.48 P1.48 11 Fig. 14,P1.21 Group PI.48 11 PI.21 Group PI.48 PI.48 P1.48
late3rdcentury? early2ndcentury 2nd firstorearlysecond quarter century 2ndcentury second quarter 2nd second quarter century 2ndcentury 2ndcentury 2ndcentury
462 463
grayware,imbricate grayware,longpetal
The moldmaderelief bowl appearsin Corinthin the last third of the 3rd century.A fill excavatedin Forum Southeastin 1980, with a coin of Ptolemy III, had no fragmentsof the ware. It containedmuch fine-ware pottery,mostly kantharoi,but also fragmentsof saucers,a very late black-glazedskyphos,and a West Slope plate with offset rim.148 There are many more moldmade bowls in the Demeter Sanctuary than the eight listed above would Most are very fragmentary;most are also very common types, as the list given in Group 11 indicate.149
146See p. 42 above in the discussionof echinus bowls (Shape Studies, XIV). 147See Agora XII, pp. 137-138, discussingthe Attic equivalent,the footed saltcellar:"The need to establishtypologicalarrange-
ments may sometimesdivide classes of shapes too rigidly."The similaritiesof the saltcellarwith the small bowl, especiallyof echinoid profile, are noted there. 148 Lot 1980-129. The skyphos is numbered 1980-129:1, the plate 1980-129:3. See Williams and Russell, Hesperia 50, 1981, p. 19, note 25. 149 discussionof these bowls, their types and tentativedating, see CorinthVII, iii, pp. 151-187. For
46
SHAPE STUDIES
FIG.
14. Moldmade relief bowl 193. Scale 1:2
indicates.Only the best preservedor most unusual are includedin the catalogue. Two in Corinthian clay appear to show outside influence: the charioteersof 458 may derivefrom an Argive model;the pinwheel of 461 finds its best parallel in gray ware. The foliage and imbricateformsseem to be morepopularin the Sanctuary than the figuredbowls. Whetherthis preferenceis importantcannotbe on ascertained.Demeterand Koredo not seemto be represented moldmade bowls. Neither do the Archaic figured Corinthian drinking vessels show the goddesses.The preferencemay thereforebe entirelyaccidental. The absence of long-petal bowls150 also interesting, for there are a is numberof examplesof other linear types:460, 461, and 194. 463 is an imported bowl bearing the petals. Current dating of the long-petal form in Corinth has been pushed back from the ca. 150 B.C.date often cited, in order to account for the many examples of the type now known in Corinth. The other linear forms presumablybegan at about the same time. Since the Sanctuarydoes not appear to have had any significantactivity the during the interim period,151 late bowls all ought to be well-established types of the later first and secondquartersof the 2nd century.The absenceof the long-petal form is fortuitous.
The two gray-ware examples appear to be the only imports in this shape. Although the Forum excavations of 1980 produced a number of bowls in different fabrics,152all but the gray ware are absent in the 2nd-century Sanctuary types. Even Attic examples are virtually absent; there is one in lot 6206 (6206:5).
This absencemay be interpretedin differentways. It may indicatethe use of inexpensivedrinkingvessels in the later Hellenistic period, assumingthat importscost more. Or, the presenceof importsin the Forum may
be evidence for activity during the interim period in that area of Corinth but not in the Sanctuary. The interpretation may be argued either way on the basis of the extant material.
The dating of the eight examples is very tentative. Figured bowls continue from the later 3rd centuryto
146 B.C. Only the linear bowls seem to belong to the 2nd century alone. The gray-ware bowls are problematic. 462 may be assigned to the workshop of Menemachos, the first of the "Delian" ateliers.153 463 comes from the Monogram group, ". . . [qui] se situerait au centre de cette production."l54 If one accepts the conventionalbeginning date of 166 B.C. for the Delian production,462 could have been used in the Sanctuary before its destruction in 146; the mold, however, must have been worn. The second is more difficult. By
Laumonier'sdating, it would have to belong to the interim period or be brought in during the Roman revival.155 Since there seems to be little evidencefor activity in the Sanctuarybetween 146 and 44 B.C., 463
either must be from the period of reorganization (too late?), or the date for the beginning of the production of
461 gray ware, 166 B.C., is too low.156 also seems to dependon the Monogramworkshopbut is of Corinthian
clay and surely was made before 146. No elucidation for the dating of moldmade bowls may be gained from the Sanctuary examples; the contexts are neither closed nor sufficiently limited. Probably the establishment of a chronology for the Co-
rinthian examples will arise from the interrelationships between Corinthianbowls found in sites with more
clearly stratified material or from the imports to Corinth of moldmade bowls from dated workshops.
151
150There is one fragmentaryCorinthianlong-petal bowl from M:17-18, lot 3222, a Roman dump in Building M:16-17 (3222:1).
See the discussionin the Introduction,p. 2 above.
152 Edwards,Hesperia 50, 1981. 153 Laumonier,Delos XXXI, pp. 21-68.

154
155 Laumonier (Delos XXXI,
Ibid., p. 12; pp. 129-213 for the workshop. p. 12) suggests a span of 40-50 years for the durationof a workshop. 156 "166 a 69 seraient donc les limites logiques approximativesde cette production..." (ibid., p. 7).
XVII. SAUCERS
47
XVII. SAUCERS
Corinthian 94 95 129 464 465 466 130 467 131 132 133 162 468 176 195 Group 6 Group 6 Group 7 Fig. 15, P1. 13 Fig. 15, P1. 13 Fig. 15, P1.16 Fig. 15 Fig. 15, P1.48 P1.48 Fig. 15, PI. 16 Fig. 15, PI. 48 Fig. 15, PI. 16 Fig. 15, PI. 16 Fig. 15, PI. 16 Fig. 15, PI. 18 Fig. 15 Fig. 15, PI. 19 Fig. 15 third quarter4th century third quarter4th century third quarter4th century third quarter4th century fourthquarter4th century ca. 300 B.C. firstquarter3rd century firstquarter3rd century firstor early secondquarter3rd century secondquarter3rd century secondquarter3rd century secondquarteror mid-3rdcentury secondquarteror mid-3rdcentury thirdto fourthquarter3rd century early 2nd century
Group 7 Group 7 Group 7 Group 7 Group 8 Group 9 Group 11
A saucer was found in Forum drain 1971-1 that is a paradigm of the shape.157The fabric is thin, the foot a vertical bracelet, the undersurface slightly nippled, the wall a gentle convex curve to the rounded lip; the entire saucer is glazed. In size and profile it is very similar to a saucer published in Corinth VII, iii.158 Both must date to the third quarter of the 4th century, when the saucer was first made in Corinth, with a sensible, serviceable profile. Edwards identifies the following changes in the saucer shape as criteria for dating: constriction of the foot; elevation of the wall; change of profile from a convex to a straight or angled wall; conversion of the ring foot to a rounded low one (and even to a proto-conical form); speed of decoration by dipping. These changes are visible in the saucers from the Demeter Sanctuary, but one must be careful not to apply them too rigidly. Most of the examples are poorly made, often uneven in height or diameter, making the profiles on opposite sides of the vessel very different. Of the saucers from Group 6, 94 may be slightly earlier than 95, indeed is the earliest of all the examples. The foot is almost a perfect vertical ring, the wall is very low, the nipple barely perceptible. 95 has a slightly flaring foot, is more nippled, and has a higher profile. Both are completely glazed. The five saucers from Group 7 show a range of dates. 129 is the earliest, very similar in profile and other characteristics to 95, although it is much larger. Slightly later than 129 are 464 and 465. 464 has a more convex wall; the foot is losing its straight descent and becoming more rounded on the interior. 465 has a foot diameter wide for its height and maximum diameter, but it is poorly made, with uneven dimensions. Its wall appears to have a flare straighter than that of 464. Both are still completely glazed. The later 4th-century date for both is suggested by the contexts. Both were found in fill over floors of early Hellenistic dining rooms, built after the late 4th-century earthquake.159 466 comes from a corridor in N:19, between Buildings M-N:19 (Room P) and M:16-17 (Northwest Stucco Building). The lot, 5635, contains a wall fragment of a cyma kantharos of Corinthian fabric (5635:1),
thus giving a lower date after 300 B.C. to the context.There is earliermaterialin that lot, however,including
Classical skyphos and kotyle fragments; the saucer need not be at the lowest date. It is glazed overall, nippled, poorly made; the foot is rounded, quite diagonal on the interior face. The maximum diameter exceeds 0.12 m., making it a fairly large example, but the foot is still wide, the wall not elevated. A low open profile is retainedthereby. I am inclined to date it slightly later than 464 and 465, at about 300 B.C.
157
158
C-37-2584, from pit 1937-1 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 148, p. 43). No saucers have yet appearedin contexts datable before midcentury. 159 464 is from Building M-N:19, 465 from Building K-L:23-24, room 3. See p. 3 abovefor the earthquake.
C-71-73, not published.
48
SHAPESTUDIES
94
95
129
464
465
130
467
131
132
133
162
468
176
FIG.15. Saucers.Scale 1:2
195
130, Group 7, and 467, from the lower fill of a cistern in Building L-M:28, are similar in profile,
although 467 is larger. These are the first examples that show glazing by dipping: only the upper walls have paint. The feet are small and rounded; the walls, although somewhat convex in profile, are taller in relation
to foot and lip diameters.467 also shows a slight break in the wall profile. Since it is so poorly made, that
angularity of the wall may be accidental. Both ought to be dated in the early 3rd century, later than 464-466. The remaining three saucers from Pit B also belong to the 3rd century. 131, slightly lower in height than
467, has a heavierand wider foot and a narrowerlip diameter,giving it a steeperprofile. It may thereforebe
slightly later. 132 and 133 should be assigned to the second quarter of the century, at the lower date of Pit B. Both are poorly made, with exterior wheel ridges, badly formed feet, and uneven heights. In both the foot shows the change to the proto-conical form; that is, the interior of the foot is not well offset from the resting surface but merges with it.
162 from Group 8 has a mixture of characteristics, making it difficultto date. The undersurfaceis highly nippled, the foot heavy and roundedon the exterior,concaveinside. The wall changes directionslightly, as on 467; the foot diameteris still wide and serviceable.Since Group 8 has a fairly long time span, 162 could
XVIII. PLATES
49
come from any part of the 3rd century. It is assigned to the second quarter or slightly later because of characteristics that appear to be contemporary with the details of the latest saucers in Group 7; the angled wall is probably not accidental and would compare with the growing steepness of 131. The retention of the heavy nippling on 162, however, shows that the foot is not so late as the proto-conical foot found on 131 and 132.
468, from an unstratifiedcontext,is also difficultto date, for it is the most miserablymade of all the Sanctuary saucers. The nipple is still fairly pronounced, as on 162, and the interior of the foot, still offset from the resting surface, is early. The general characteristics of 468 seem closest to 162. The last two examples are from Groups 9 and 11. 176 is very large, with an estimated lip diameter of 0.178 m. The relatively narrow diameter (0.06 m.) of the foot indicates profile constriction. Although there is a definite break between the resting surface and the interior, the latter is quite scooped out and shows the proto-conical form. 195, although poorly preserved, is more advanced in late characteristics. The undersurface seems to be slightly higher than the top of the exterior face of the foot, a detail indicative of the conical-foot profile. The wall is not continuous but angled, the foot is slight, the fabric thick. The saucer may thus be later than 176. No saucers with full profiles found in the Sanctuary are so constricted in proportions as some examples assigned to 146 B.c.160 This is accidental, for most of the latest material came from dining rooms of the Lower Terrace, where fill was not extensive and where the pottery was very badly damaged. Group 10 contained fragments of saucers but all very incomplete and therefore not helpful. The numbers of saucers in the Sanctuary are high; it was a popular shape. One assumes that it was used in the dining rooms and had no cult or votive associations.
XVIII. PLATES
Corinthian 26 238 239 240 241 242 243 27 244 245 246 247 196 28 469 282 283 284 295 296 297 470 177 188
160
figured figured figured figured figured figured figured figured figured figured figured figured figured patterned patterned figured figured figured Sam Wide Sam Wide Sam Wide undecorated offset rim fish plate
Group 2
P1.5 Fig. 16, P1.25 PI. 25 PI. 25 P1.25 P1.25 P1.25 Fig. 16, PI. 5 Group 2 P1.25 P1.26 P1.26 PI. 26 11 P1.21 Group P1.5 Group 2 P1.48 P1.30 Fig. 16, P1.30 P1.30 *Fig. 35, P1.32 P1.32 P1.32 Fig. 16 9 P1.19 Group Group 10 Fig. 16, P1.20
MC MC MC MC MC MC MC late MC or LC LC LC LC LC LC 6th century? early 5th century firsthalf 5th century thirdor early fourthquarter5th century late 5th or early 4th century thirdquarter5th century thirdquarter5th century thirdquarter5th century 4th century? fourthquarter3rd century early 2nd century?
For examples C-48-101 from well 1948-3 and C-47-813 from well 1947-3 (CorinthVII, iii, nos. 168 and 169, p. 43).
50 flat rim 189 flat rim 197 472 offset rim offset rim? 473 (all Attic except 198) Imported black figured 324 325 black figured 471 rolled rim 198 fish plate *Decorationonly; see catalogueentry.
SHAPE STUDIES Group 10 Group 11 Fig. 16 Fig. 16, P1.21 P1.48 Fig. 16 P1.35 Fig. 16, PI. 35 Fig. 16 P1.21 2nd century? 2nd century late 2nd century? mid-2ndcenturyor later? early 5th century early 5th century mid- to thirdquarter4th century 2nd century?
Group 11
The numbers of inventoried plates are deceptive; there are not that many plates in proportion to other shapes in the Sanctuary, but they assume importance either for their decoration (6th- and 5th-century examples) or for the dating of fills (Hellenistic plates). Thus a disproportionate number of them have been inventoried, above their true popularity. There are 23 inventoried fragments of 6th-century plates, of which 13 are published. Most of the better preserved Hellenistic plates are published, including those with chronological significance. There are more fragments in the stored pottery but with poor decoration or poor preservation, or both. Some of the plates may have been votive offerings, but many may have been used in the dining rooms. Although there is not a high percentage of the shape in the Sanctuary, there are relatively more fragments than one finds in contemporary fills in the Forum. The first 13 examples were made in the 6th century and include five works by the Chimaera Painter or his workshop, 26, 238-241. There is also an interesting red-ground example, 244. Interest in decorating the shape continued into the 5th century, with a large example related to the Vrysoula workshop, 283, and small products of the Sam Wide group, 295-297. Since the pre-Hellenistic plate has been well analyzed, the arguments and chronology are not repeated here.161 One Attic plate, 471, represents the 4th century. There is one undecorated Corinthian example, 470, that is difficult to date but may be contemporary with 471. It was originally black glazed, but was burnt, reddening the glaze and disintegrating it. The foot has a wide diameter; the wall is short and convex, the rim similar to the everted 6th-century profile. But the foot is a solid ring, not the low round form of the Archaic plate foot, nor the false or disk foot found in the 5th century. The example seems therefore to have some early, some late characteristics. 470 is tentatively given a 4th-century date, on the basis of the later characteristics and the context in which it was found. The first Hellenistic plates in the catalogue appear in Group 9. No fragments of the characteristic forms of the Hellenistic profiles were found in the strata of the later 4th-century destruction debris of the dining rooms.162 Hellenistic plate rims take many forms, but in general the later plates have ring feet of diameters narrow in relation to height and maximum diameter. The walls and rims are distinctive; the walls reach a greater height than earlier types. There is more correspondence of the plate profiles with contemporary bowls and saucers than with the plates of the 6th and 5th centuries. The first type of Hellenistic plate is the form with offset rim.163Two, 177 and 472, have canonical West Slope decoration. The first is only a rim fragment but shows the design of boxed rectangle with added X and thus helps to date the context, Group 9, to the late 3rd century.'64 The second, 472, is more problematic. It is Corinthian but shows a late motif of crosshatching. The plate should date to the end of the 2nd century.'65 From the same context as 472 comes another puzzle, 473. The wall profile most resembles the offset-rim
161 162
See Callipolitis-Feytmans.
See CorinthVII, iii, p. 36. Only the offset-rimform has examples from 3rd-centurycontexts.In the dining rooms,other early Hellenistic shapes such as saucers,echinus bowls, bowls with beveledrims, and so forth, were found. 163CorinthVII, iii, nos. 127-130, pp. 39-40. 164 See C-48-53 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 129, p. 40, pl. 45, of the fourth quarterof the 3rd century?),from South Stoa Well IX, well 1948-2. Should the design of 177 and the South Stoa plate proveto be earlieror later than the date assumedhere, the date of Group 9 could be affected. 165 For crosshatching: Thompson, Hesperia 3, 1934, p. 441, found only in the last deposit, group E, nos. 59 and 60. See also J. Hayes, Late Roman Pottery, London 1972, pp. 8-9 on group E.
XVIII. PLATES
51
238
27
283
470
188
189
\ L
197
473
325
471
FIG.16. Plates. Scale 1:2, except 188, 189: 1:4
52
SHAPE STUDIES
plate, but it is larger, heavier in fabric, and has a much taller ring foot. Moreover,it lacks the normalWest Slope decoration;instead, it has grooveson both faces of the wall and rim. It was originally entirely glazed. The Attic formof plate with offset rim is entirelydifferentand offersno parallelfor 473.166 Moreover,473 is
hastily made, with a thin coat of paint replacing the elaborately incised and painted decoration of the shape. 473 is probably late Hellenistic, at 146 B.C. or later. 189 and 197 are flat-rimmed plates, both from 2nd-century contexts (Groups 10 and 11). 197 from the later group has a slight convexity in the wall; 189 is straight. Edwards was unable to isolate any 3rd- or early 2nd-century examples of this profile;167the Sanctuary also provided no examples. The profile resembles the
saucer;like that dish, it gains steepness in the wall and narrowingin the foot. But without contexts more
defined than South Stoa wells and 146 B.C.destruction debris, the development of this plate cannot be well documented. From the same two groups come two fragmentary plates, possibly fish plates with beveled rims.168Only one fish plate with the heavy Attic form of rim has been noted in the Sanctuary (lot 6643:1). Neither example has the foot and central floor depression preserved. 188 from Group 10 seems closest to a plate from New Museum Well A, C-40-433.169 188, however, has a tooled line to offset the rim on its exterior surface, unlike any other example. 198 is even more peculiar. The fabric is not Corinthian, although the profile resembles the Corinthian fish plate. The plate is glazed overall, in contrast to the usual dipping of Corinthian examples. The rim is far more pronounced than the Corinthian forms. It may be 2nd century, but its place of manufacture is unknown.'70
XIX. LEKYTHOI
Corinthian 44 51 Imported,Attic 45 46 326 327 366 367 96 blackglazed blackglazed cylinder,blackfigured cylinder,palmette cylinder,black figured cylinder,white ground cylinder,white ground squat, red figured squat, palmette Group 3 Group 4 Group 3 Group 3 P1.7 early secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century secondquarter5th century mid-5th century late 5th century secondquarter4th century
Group 6
P1.7 PI. 7 P1.36 P1.36 P1.43 P1.43 P1. 13
It is not surprising that few lekythoi appear in the catalogue; aryballoi are also conspicuous by their absence (see Shape Studies, XX). Only two Corinthian lekythoi are included, of the early 5th-century black-glazed form. Very few additional fragments remain in the context pottery. Most of the lekythoi are Attic imports; the overwhelming majority are the late black-figure palmette type, represented by 46.171 Additional fragments of the type can be found in many 5th-century strata. Fragments of the lekythoi with ivy-chain patterns were also found; no examples were required for dating, and so none were inventoried. The latter decorative pattern was not so popular as the palmette design. The black-figured examples belong to the same period. It appears as if there was a sudden vogue of dedication or use of these Attic lekythoi in the Sanctuary, ca. 475-450 B.C. The dilemma concerns their function.
Thompson, Hesperia 3, 1934, group D, p. 370, no. 1, fig. 55; group E, p. 395, nos. 22-26, fig. 83. CorinthVII, iii, nos. 107-126, pp. 37-38; the examples are datedonly to the mid-2nd century. 168 CorinthVII, iii, nos. 134-137, pp. 41-42. 169 Well 1940-1; CorinthVII, iii, no. 137, p. 42. 170 There are some very fragmentary"normal" fish plate examples in Corinthianfabric:lot 6206:1 and lot 6205:6, too small to be published. 171 See Corinth XIII, p. 142, group 2.
166
167
XX. ARYBALLOI, ALABASTRA
53
Were the lekythoi in fact given as votives, or did they contain some oil or perfume, necessary for a brief period in the Sanctuary rites? There is no Archaic vessel that could be the predecessor of these lekythoi in function; there is, however, a successor, the blister-ware aryballos. The sudden appearance of the lekythoi, imported from Athens, could be in response to a new cult requirement. The sudden disappearance can be explained by the introduction of the blister-ware vessels replacing the more expensive imports. This is only a speculative interpretation. The black-figured lekythoi are not of the first order; 326 comes from the Class of Athens 581. In the third quarter of the century someone brought to the Sanctuary a white-ground lekythos, 366, with quite lovely painting on it. The two red-figured examples complete the Attic imports: one has an ugly sphinx, 367; the other has a palmette, 96. The lekythos was never an important Corinthian shape; the aryballos apparently served in its place. But the lack in the Sanctuary finds of the small container in either form, until the 5th century, is puzzling. Even the cheapest, simplest type of small closed ointment vessel, the little banded lekythos,'72 is almost totally absent from the Demeter Sanctuary.
XX. ARYBALLOI, ALABASTRA

Corinthianaryballoi 249 figured 250 figured 251 figured 252 figured 253 figured 475 blisterware 97 blisterware 476 blisterware 477 blisterware 478 blisterware Imported Attic alabastron? 474 P1.26 P1.26 Fig. 17, P. 26 PI. 26 P1.26 PI. 48 Fig. 17, PI. 13 P1.48 P1.48 P1.48 P1.48 EC MC MC MC LC third quarter5th century third quarter4th century late third quarter4th century firstor secondquarter3rd century 2nd century? beforeend of 4th century
Group 6
The five inventoried Archaic Corinthian aryballoi are almost the sum total of all aryballoi of that period found in the Demeter Sanctuary. Only a few more remain in the context pottery. Thus one of the most popular, most exported, most typical of all the Corinthian shapes is virtually absent from the Sanctuary. The aryballos apparently had no function in the cult and was not considered to be an appropriate votive. One usually assumes that almost anything can be dedicated to any deity. One would expect that aryballoi, especially the later quatrefoil or warrior types which were probably inexpensive (mass produced, small, simply decorated), would be numerous in the Sanctuary. But they are not. Is the aryballos then to be associated with other deities in Corinth and excluded from the proper offerings to Demeter and her daughter?173 The five examples of blister-ware aryballoi present almost the full range of the shape:174475 with moderate ribbing, 97 with narrow linear ribs,175476 with incisions replacing ribs, and 477 and 478 without any decoration and made of extremely thin fabric.'76 The latter two are similar to the latest example in Corinth
172See Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 293-294.
173
Aryballoiare found in other areas of Corinth;great numberswere excavatedin the Potters'Quarter. Many were recoveredon Temple Hill; Hera at Perachoraalso receivedher share (PerachoraII, nos. 1555-1672). 174 For the shape see CorinthVII, iii, nos. 750-775, pp. 146-148. 175 97 is very similar to the blister-warearyballosfrom Forum drain 1971-1, C-71-357 (unpublished). 176 477 measures0.0015 in thicknessat the shoulder,0.001 m. at the base. The 5th-centuryexample, 475, is 0.0035 m. thick at the shoulder (between ribs) and 0.003 m. at the base.
54
SHAPE STUDIES
251
FIG. 17. Aryballoi.Scale 1:2
97
VII, iii, C-47-228.177There is a change in profile. 97 and 476 have a low ovoid wall, resulting in a domed
profile. In 477 the body has become almost biconical; in 478 it is biconical, resembling the profile of a lagynos. The neck also gains height in the later examples. The blister-ware aryballos is wheelmade; the neck is
usually made separatelyfrom the body.

The date for both 477 and 478 is later than the 300 B.C. terminus given for the shape in Corinth VII, iii.
The examples from drain 1971-1178 give a date for similarly ribbed aryballoi, thereby lowering the chronology as outlined in Corinth VII, iii. Second, there are sufficient numbers of fragmentary blister-ware aryballoi in Hellenistic strata to suggest that the vessel was still produced in that period. 477 was probably
made beforethe year 250 B.C., on the basis of context;478, having a later profile,may even be as late as mid2nd century,also on the basis of context. Edwards has suggested that the blister-ware aryballos went out of productionwhen supersededby the the imported unguentarium;'79 thin fabric of 478 may show imitation of unguentariumfabric. There are If not, however,many unguentariumfragmentsin the Sanctuary.'80 these two shapes competedfor the same
function, as oil containers at the dining table,'18 the lack of unguentaria in the Sanctuary would argue for continuation of the aryballoi in the Hellenistic period. Otherwise, it would seem that what was necessary in
the dining rooms from ca. 450 to 300 B.C. was not necessarylater. Or, perhapsthe two shapes did not have
the same function. Yet, one may well ask what was used in 6th-century dining rooms, since few lekythoi and
Archaicaryballoihave been found. The last vessel on the above list is of Attic fabric:a small, pointed,closedvessel, which most resemblesan
alabastron. It is, so far, without parallel and cannot be dated of itself. The context of 474 ends in the late 4th century, but has earlier material in it.
177 No. 775, p. 148, pls. 35, 64. It might have been biconical,but the bottomis not preserved.There is anotherHellenistic example, C-69-301, from a cave in the Fountain of the Lamps in the Gymnasium,without full profile (neckand handlemissing). The context, lot 6071, is late Hellenistic and early Roman, thus possiblygiving more evidencefor survivaluntil 146 B.C. It is biconicalin shape, with blisters on the shoulder;the fabric fired orange, and there are traces of a thin exterior wash. The fabric is very thin: Th. 0.002 m. at the shoulder,0.001 below.
178 See footnote 175, p. 53 above. 179 Corinth VII, iii, p. 145.
180
See the aryballoi found in the Theater Cave at Isthmia (the cave had dining facilities and couches):0. Broneer,Isthmia, II, Topographyand Architecture,Princeton 1973, pp. 37-40, pl. 19:d.
181
See Shape Studies, XXI.
XXI. ASKOI, UNGUENTARIA
55
XXI. ASKOI, UNGUENTARIA

Corinthian 98 200 199 134 Imported 135 201 blister-wareduckaskos blister-wareduckaskos spoutedaskos unguentarium Attic guttus askos unguentarium Group 6 Group 11 Group 11 Group 7 Group 7 Group 11 P1.13 P1.21 P1. 16 Fig. 18, PI. 16 P1.21 late 4th century last quarter4th century 2nd century? early 3rd century? thirdquarter4th century later Hellenistic?
The askoi are all documented shapes. The Attic example, 135, from Pit B, has many parallels that date it to the later 4th century, probably the late third quarter. The vessel is thus earlier than much of the material from its context. The two very fragmentary duck askoi are identical with a more complete example excavated in 1960.182 Edwards suggests that there was a limited time of production, in the last quarter of the 4th century. As more of these theriomorphic askoi in blister-ware fabric are recognized, however, the length of production may have to be expanded. 98 ought not to be much later than 300 B.C., given the bulk of the material in that group; the second duck askos came from a later group, with debris in it dated to after 146 B.C. It must then be considerably earlier than most of the material in that context if production of blister-ware askoi was so limited. The last askos, a double-spouted vessel, also from Group 11, has an unpublished parallel from South Stoa Well VII.183 There is no way to determine a specific date for either example. The askos generally was never an important shape, either in Corinth or specifically in the Sanctuary.
FIG.18. Attic guttus askos 135. Scale 1:2
The unguentariumis also not a popular shape in the Sanctuary.The shape appears in Corinth in the later 4th century.A grave locatedon the roadto Acrocorinthcontaineda small example, C-60-228.184 is madeof It a fine buff clay, decoratedwith dull brown bands on the shoulder and neck, and is surely Corinthian.The grave is dated to the third quarterof the 4th centuryby a coin. There is also a similar form of unguentariumof later date, with the same wide sloping shoulder but in a slightly rosier In clay, found in the North Cemetery.185 the early 3rd century, a more brittle, blue-gray fabric appears, the fabric of 134 of Group 7, without shoulder bands. A North Cemetery grave also producedone in this fabric.186 134 has in the fabric many white and orange nuclei that swirl on the surface, creatingan attractivenatural pattern. The core is part gray, part orange;there are orange streakson the interior surface. The North Cemeteryexample is similar. The fabricis especiallythin, as in later blister ware, which it resembles in texture and color. There is also affinity with the imitation Cypriot found in Corinth in the later 4th century.187 Blister ware was surely a Corinthianproduction; othertwo classesare the probablyCorinthianalso.
There are a few unguentarium fragments in Hellenistic strata of the Sanctuary in the more typical smooth gray fabric, often with red or red and white bands on the shoulder. Examples have been noted in several lots: 3228:1, 3231:2, 6181:3, 6206:2. No whole profiles were preserved.
C-60-68 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 776, p. 149, pl. 64; well 1960-4). C-47-899. The well, 1933-3, is deposit 99 in CorinthVII, iii. 184 Deposit 58 in Corinth VII, iii, grave 1960-7, published in H. S. Robinson, "Excavationsat Corinth,"Hesperia 31, 1962 (pp. 95-133), pp. 118-120, pl. 46:b. The kantharosfrom this grave is discussedin footnote92 above,p. 35. 185 2716 (CorinthXIII, T grave 496-16, pl. 77). 186 2701 (CorinthXIII, grave 495-7, pl. 78). T 187 For imitation Cypriot, see Williams, Hesperia 38, 1969, pp. 57-59, pl. 18:a-d.
183
182
56
SHAPE STUDIES
201 is more problematic. Part of it comes from Group 11 which contained Roman material, but one joining fragment was found in lot 3228, ending by 200 B.C. The concave stem and slightly conical foot, thickened outside, the black glaze of the interior, the dark orange-brown micaceous clay with a fine surface polish, all differ from the usual unguentaria found in Corinth. The brown shoulder bands are characteristic of the early buff examples made in Corinth. 201 is probably an import. There is a rim in lot 6716; the terminal date of the lot is in the early Roman period. It was too small a fragment to be inventoried, but it should be noted. It has a thin, red glaze inside and on the rim. It resembles in fabric and glaze C-48-12, from South Stoa Well XXII, identified by J. Hayes as Cypriot. C-66-222, from Katsoulis well 3 (well 1965-3), is also very similar.
XXII. PYXIDES, LIDS

Corinthian, figured pyxides concave 254 concave 255 256 tripod convex 257 convex 258 convex 259 convex 260 convex 261 convex 262 convex 263 convex 264 Corinthian,bandedor patternedpyxides 482 tripod 483 tripod 484 flanged 485 flanged 486 pyxis Corinthian, figured lids 265 pyxis 266 pyxis 267 pyxis 268 pyxis 29 Group 2 pyxis 269 kotyle-pyxis 270 pyxis lekanis 271 Corinthian,bandedor patternedlids 487 pyxis 488 pyxis 489 pyxis ? 490 285 pyxis Corinthian,Hellenistic 179 Group 9 pyxis 180 Group 9 pyxis lid 181 Group 9 pyxis, 202 Group 11 pyxis 178 West Slope lid Group 9 P1.27 P1.27 Fig. 19, P1.27 *Fig. 31, PI. 27 P1.27 P1.27 *Fig. 31, P1.27 PI. 27 P1.28 *Fig. 31, P. 28 P1.28 PI. 49 P1.49 P1.49 Fig. 19 PI. 49 Figs. 19, *31, P1.28 P1.28 PI.28 *Fig. 31, P1.28 Fig. 25, P1.5 P1.28 P1.28 P1.28 PI. 49 P1.49 P1.49 P1.49 PI. 30 P1. 19 Fig. 19, P1. 19 Fig. 19, PI. 19 P1.21 P1. 19 EC MC LC MC? MC MC LC LC LC LC fourthquarter6th century later 6th century later 6th century early 5th century mid-5th century 6th century EC MC MC MC LC MC EC? LC (aftermid-century?) secondhalf 6th century secondhalf 6th century late 6th or early 5th century 6th century secondquarteror mid-5th century later 3rd century late 3rd century late 3rd century early 2nd century late 3rd century?
XXII. PYXIDES, LIDS
57
181
265
256
485
180
FIG.19. Pyxides and lids. Scale 1:2
Imported,Attic
328 Nikosthenic pyxis,blackfigured 369 lekanis-like pyxis,redfigured *Decoration only;see catalogue entry.
P1.36 P1.43
thirdquarter century 6th ca.380-360B.c.
The number of pyxis fragments from the Demeter Sanctuary is high; what function the shape served cannot be definitely stated. Pyxides of the convex form in particular are found in almost every Archaic and Classical
level. Moreover,some of the 6th-centuryexamples show very fine decoration.'88

The pyxides are arranged chronologically, divided according to shape and figured or non-figured forms.
The convex form is the most popular, since it begins as a Corinthianshape in the MC period, the time of great growth in the Sanctuary.The concavepyxis disappearsby the end of the MC period.The tripodpyxis survived the 6th century;there is one late example from an early 5th-centurygrave in the North Cemetery.'89The most popular form of powder pyxis in the Archaic period is absent from the Sanctuary,as it
seems to have been used almost exclusively as a grave gift.190487, however, although taller than the grave
powder pyxis, has very similar decoration.The powder pyxis continuedinto the Classical period, although
with a different, taller shape (see the lid 285), and apparently disappeared in the 4th century, only to be
rebornin the later 4th centuryin a Hellenistic version. The convex pyxis began in the MC period, with a number of variant forms,'19and changed shape and decorationthroughoutthe 6th, 5th, and 4th centuries,when it too finally ended.All the inventoriedexamples from the Sanctuaryhave figure decoration.There are also many small examples of the white style; none
were catalogued since they lack decorative interest and do not assist dating. In the late 5th and 4th centuries a form of convex pyxis with upright handles was popular; it shows a fairly routine decoration with buds on the
Fragmentsof convex pyxides may be mistakenfor oinochoaiand vice versa. T 1673 (CorinthXIII, grave 271-1, pl. 39). 190 1586 (ibid., T grave 157-t), T 3241 (grave 159-12), T 1557, T 1559 (grave 168-8 and 9), T 3055 (grave224-5), T 1864 (grave 225-1). See also C-60-125-C-60-127 (P. Lawrence, "Five Grave Groups from the Corinthia,"Hesperia 33, 1964 [pp. 89-107], grave E, p. 96, nos. 24-26, pl. 19); found in a grave with one tripod pyxis and eight convex white-style pyxides. Yet, a few of this form of pyxis were found in the Tocra excavations(Boardmanand Hayes, TocraI, nos. 229-232, pl. 15). "grave"
188
189
191
NC, pp. 305-308.
58
SHAPE STUDIES
wall and palmettes on the shoulder. Several fragments of these remain in the context pottery from Classical levels. 192 In the Archaic period, the pyxis is by far the most popular of the small non-drinking vessels in the Sanctuary. There are very few fragments, for example, of kothons; open or lidded bowls are not so frequently found; plates, although popular, are not so numerous. Only the most interestingly decorated pyxides are published. There are many additional figured fragments in the context pottery, with poor or totally indecipherable designs. Since none of the figured examples are well preserved, little can be said about shape
development. The popularity of the Corinthian pyxis obviatedimports. Thus it was a little surprisingto find a fairly rare form of Attic black-figuredpyxis, the Nikosthenictype, 328.'93 The lids show variety also. The form with inset flange is appropriatefor a pyxis, although it may have
been used for other vessels also. The domed type without flange fits a kotyle-pyxis, and later a lekanis or other flanged container. Representative examples of lid shapes are included, all of which are figured. There
are many more whose designs have disintegrated.The great numbersof lids with 5th-centuryconventionalizing patternshave not been catalogued;285 from a powder pyxis representsthe best of the type. 490 is a peculiar example;it is unclearto what sort of containerit belonged. The Hellenistic period producednew pyxis shapes. One decoratedlid from that period was found in the Sanctuary, 178. It has zones demarcatedby groovesand is decoratedwith West Slope patternsin incision,
raised clay, and added white. There is a parallel from a pottery deposit in Shop I of the South Stoa.194
In The late formof pyxis seems to begin in the third quarterof the 4th century.195 the Sanctuary,however,
the type does not seem to become popular until the 3rd century (Groups 9 and 1 1). Few examples of the ear-
form is alreadynoticeable(179); the lower wall has a liest form can be found. In Group 9, the "high-keeled"
wide-flaring diagonal profile rising to the ledge, well advanced in comparison to late 4th-century examples
with the lower diagonalwall. The set, 180 and 181, is later, probablymade at the end of the 3rd century.196
The high keel has disappeared, replaced by a false foot and a very low wall. There is a final stage for the shape of the bowl, not illustrated by a catalogue example. In lot 3233 (M: 16-17), two small fragmentary examples show a disk foot (3233:2) and a low ring foot (3233:1); the ledge for the lid projects horizontally im-
mediatelyabove the foot, and the wall is set back from the ledge. 180 shows the evolutionto this late stage. The lid gains a domedprofile in the later stages.'97181 is poorlymade,but the groovesstill have appreciable
depth, although they are not symmetrically placed. 202, from Group 11, is later and may belong to the 2nd
century.The grooveshave becomeincisions;the top is domed. but In CorinthVII, iii, the terminaldate for this shape is the later 3rd century,198 the vessel is found in all the late Hellenistic debrisof the dining rooms,in greaternumbersthan the small unglazedlekanis (see p. 39 above). It is possible that this form of pyxis continued to 146 B.C.199The function of this pyxis is also
192 See the published example from Forum drain 1971-1, C-71-191 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 161, no. 46, pl. 27). 193 Almost all the fragmentsof the Nikosthenic pyxis were found in N-0:26, north and east of Room J, in differentyears of the excavation.Presumablythe vessel was used or displayedin that area.
194
C-34-36, unpublished (fill 1934-1).
A CorinthVII, iii, pp. 96-97, withthe first examples datedto 350 B.C. very early formof this pyxis, with a flat base, was found in the votive pit of the third quarter of the 4th century (well 1975-4), in the roadway west of the Forum bath building, C-75-177 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, p. 121, no. 44, pl. 21). The earliestexamples in the North Cemetery,T 2371 and T 2369 (CorinthXIII, deposit 36e and f, pl. 73), have a developedkeel. The example from grave 491-8, T 1159 (ibid., pi. 76), is also later; the skyphos in that grave seems later in profile than the skyphoi in Forum well 1975-4 (C-75-167, Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, p. 120, no. 38, pl. 21). Grave 491 may not be quite so late as suggested,in the late fourthquarterof the 4th century,not the early third century (CorinthXIII, p. 291). 196 A fill excavatedin Forum Southeast,lot 1980-129, with potteryof the middle and the third quarter of the 3rd century (and a coin of Ptolemy III), containedan example with a fairly high keel (1980-129:2). 197 Corinth VII, iii, p. 97. 198 Ibid. Edwards notes that the shape continuedin Athens into the 1st centuryB.C. 199 Very few were found in South Stoa wells, but that may be a result of the functionof the vases as votiveor sacral, making them less commonin domesticcontexts.
195
XXIII. PERFORATED CYLINDRICAL VESSELS
59
?00
\
0 0
0oo
8t
' "'i'
491
20. Perforatedcylindricalvessels. Scale 1:2
492
FIG.
unclear; they are found in votive deposits (Group 9) but also in contexts with little clearly definedvotive
material.200

Corinthian 491 492 Imported 493 494 495 Fig. 20, P1.49 Fig. 20, P1.49 P1.49 P1.49 P1.49 Hellenistic Hellenistic Hellenistic Hellenistic Hellenistic
cylindrical vessels pierced with numerous holes. Although no complete profile is preserved, the many fragments allow restoration of the general shape. There is often a foot, recessed behind a projecting ring or flange
200 See footnote 199 above, p. 58. The findspotsof the small pyxides in the Sanctuarydo not clarifytheir purpose.They have not been found extensivelyelsewhere in Corinth,except in gravesor dumpsof votivenature. Yet their presencein the Sanctuarydining room debris suggests some sort of use other than a purely religious one.
60
SHAPESTUDIES
from which a tall cylindrical wall rises, either to a second flange at the top of the wall or to a ridge or other
offset, above which is a domed top. At the base of the wall there is an oval or square opening, five to six
centimeters in both height and width. The wall and often the top are pierced all around with many holes.
491 is the best preservedexample; it has a ring foot set well back from the strong flange, which is also the maximum diameter.Both the lower and upper flanges have rings on the upper surfaces,furtherdecorating
the articulation of the vessel. There are, however, many variations of the parts of the vase, described below.
Feet. On 491 there is a solid ring foot with wide restingsurface.492 has a disk foot of the same diameteras
that of the wall and is concave underneath. 493 has no foot. Many of these fragments, found in lot 1945,201 show a variety of feet: 1945:1 with flat resting surface below the wall and no separate foot; 1945:2, a squared torus foot at the lower edge of the flange; 1945:3, a torus foot turning directly into the wall without a separate flange; 1945:4, a flaring ring foot, also rising directly into the cylindrical wall. Walls. The cylindrical wall may be slightly concave as 491, turning directly into the upper projecting flange, the profile thus resembling an epichysis. It may also be somewhat convex, as 492, the walls of which appear to merge continuously with the domed top, without a separate upper flange dividing the wall from
the top. 493 has a cylindricalwall, flaring out to the shoulderflange.

Tops. 491 and 493 have the pierced dome set back from the upper flange. 1945:5 has a vertical wall, flaring out slightly to form a ridge, not a well-defined flange, above which is a second smaller ridge; both are cut with vertical outer faces, rather like the steps of the lids of unglazed lekanides. The domed top is not pierced. 1945:6 shows the top of a pierced, slightly convex wall, with a narrow rounded flange, above which is a slightly rising, narrow strip of clay, essentially an inner flange, with finished inner edge. Clearly the vessel was open at the top. It may have had a lid, but a handle scar covering both the outer and inner flanges shows that there was a strap handle probably passing over the open top to the other side. 495 is conical, with
five holes piercedin it; a strap handle rises vertically,within the loop of which is a roundknob,like the top of a spouted askos.
Holes and doors. The small holes are made before firing, punched through from the outside, normally in
randomplacement.491 is neater than many, showing horizontalbut no verticalarrangement.Many examples show no scraping of the inside of the holes; the wads of clay formed around the interiors remain. 491 shows that the holes from the top of the door up are scraped; those below the top of the door are not. The
holes on 493 begin above the level of the door and cease well below the flange. The vessel normallyhas one door, usually oval; a few are more square. The doorswere also made before firing.
Fabric. There are at least three different fabrics. The most common is a pale buff clay, represented by the first two examples in the catalogue. The clay is fairly soft and is typically Corinthian: 10YR 7/3 (very pale brown) for the core of 491; 2.5YR 8/2-4 (white to pale yellow) for the core of 492. 1945:6 has an orange core, fired buff on the surface, that one also finds in Corinthian: 7.5YR 8/6 (reddish yellow). The clay shows
no mica, and all these examples are unslipped. There is also a redder clay, both hard and softer. 1945:3 is lightly micaceous, 7.5YR 7-6/6 (reddish
yellow), very hard, without inclusions or slip. 493 is slightly grittier, with a few inclusions and a little mica, 5YR 7-6/6 (reddish yellow). The last two examples are similar but softer in texture; the clay is also micaceous. 495 is 7.5YR 7/6, 494 is 5YR 6/8 (both reddish yellow). In addition, 494 has a pale, thin exterior slip of 10YR 7/4, as if to make it appear to be Corinthian. These four examples appear to be imports. One fragment, 1945:5, is very different. The fabric has small black inclusions, is of slightly gritty quality, and has a light surface wash. The core is 5YR 7/4 (pink). The texture is close to Argive, but Argive clay
normallyfires a darkercolor.
All the vessels appear to be wheelmade. The fabric is very thick below, decreasing steadily to the dome. 491 is 0.014 m. thick above the lower flange, 0.006 m. below the upper flange, and 0.003 m. at the top break. A few (probably imports) appear to be slipped. No example shows any paint or decoration.
201
The fragmentsin lot 1945, although of great importancefor shape and fabric, were too small to inventoryand would not re-
The in and if shouldbe produce clearlyin photographs. sherdshavebeennumbered remain the context pottery, re-examination
necessary.
61
Function. These vessels have been found only in the Demeter Sanctuary, nowhere else, so far, in Ancient Corinth. Consequently they must have had some particular function in the Sanctuary, whether for ritual or for dining. Most of the contexts are not helpful for discerning purpose or date. Lot 1945, containing many fragments, is from a well on the Middle Terrace, with all periods represented in the material. Some fragments have been found in dining-room fills; Building M: 16-17 contained a number of them, including three of the four catalogued examples. The cistern in Building L-M:28 also contained sherds (6720:1). It is not clear that the findspots are relevant. The absence of material from Groups 8 and 9, consisting primarily of votive material, cannot be used as evidence of a non-votive function. For in a votive deposit of figurines, containing very little pottery and that little primarily votive in type, one large wall fragment was found (lot 2063:1, from the wall and upper flange). The few vases in that deposit were type 4 kalathiskoi, a few pieces of Attic, and the miniature lebes gamikos, 333. Very few fine-ware fragments were found in lot 2063. Thus the figurine deposit offsets the "evidence" of Groups 8 and 9. The function of these vessels seems to be that of lamp holder. Similar vases found in Cyprus, found with lamps in them, have been so identified.202 The openings in our examples appear to be smaller than their counterparts in Cyprus, yet they are of sufficient size to allow lamps of types IX and X to be placed inside. The other possible function is as a thymiaterion receptacle, with type 4 kalathiskoi as the holder of the incense.203 The many holes would allow the light or scented smoke, depending on the function, to escape. It is, however, only right to note that none of the fragments of this vessel bears any trace of carbonized material. Whatever the function, the vessel enjoyed a certain popularity in the later years of the Sanctuary.204 Date. Most of the fragments have been found in late fills, from the Hellenistic period, or mixed fills of very late dump containing both Greek and Roman material. Lot 2063, noted above, has one fragment of an upper wall and flange, resembling 491. The pottery does not appear to go far into the 3rd century but should be given a lower limit in the first half of the century, on the basis of the type 4 kalathiskoi. There is, however, very little pottery in that context; a more precise date must be determined by the many figurines. The presence of many of these vessels in mixed strata, such as the fills in Building M:16-17, suggests that they were popular in the later Hellenistic period. There is enough variation in profile to presume manufacture for several generations. Thus, they may have been introduced, possibly from Cyprus, for an as yet unverifiable function, in the earlier 3rd century; they would have had, if that is correct, about one hundred years of use in the Sanctuary. The evidence is, at this point, too slim to propose any more specific chronology. Nor can any sequence of shape changes be outlined, since full profiles are lacking. It is also difficult to account for what seems to be the manufacture of these vessels in at least two non-Corinthian fabrics, for to my knowledge there are no published examples from other mainland sites. They remain, despite the many hundreds of fragments, somewhat enigmatic.
202 D. Bailey, British Museum Catalogueof Lamps I, Oxford 1975, Z495 and Z496, pp. 225-227, pls. 98-99, without flangesor holes in the dome. The example he cites from Priene also has no holes in domeor wall. But note the bronzelamp holder,with many fine small holes, found in Tomb 2 at Vergina (AlexanderThe Great:History and Legend in Art, Thessaloniki 1980, p. 40) and a second, less elaborateexample, from Grave A, Derveni (Treasuresof Ancient Macedonia,Thessaloniki 1979, no. 160, pi. 33). The fourth or third c. B.C." Bailey cites others from Cyprus;there are example in the British Museum from Cyprus is dated "probably others, unpublished,in various museums, all said to be from Cyprus. 203 There are very few examples of thymiateriain the Sanctuarypottery:one or two possibleexamplesof the Vrysoulatype (Pemberton, Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 289-290), too small for inventory;a few stemsof Attic thymiateriaare also present.Yet the Romans certainlyused incense in the Sanctuary:see K. Slane, CorinthXVIII, ii, forthcoming. 204 Anothersuggestionhas been that they are beehives.But the objects identifiedas ancientbeehivesdo not havethe holes that these vessels have, nor are the Sanctuaryvessels combedon the interior. See A. J. Graham, Excursus II, "Evidencefor Beekeeping,"in J. E. Jones, A. J. Graham, and L. H. Sackett,"AnAttic Country House," BSA 68, 1973 (pp. 355-452), pp. 397-412. The vessels identified by Graham as gliraria are more similar, but no Demeter Sanctuaryvessels have their characteristicspiral track on the interior (A. J. Graham, "The Vari House-an Addendum," BSA 73, 1978, pp. 99-101).
62
SHAPE STUDIES
XXIV. MISCELLANEA, UNKNOWN SHAPES (FINE WARES)

Miscellanea
215 248 329 333 480 481 479 496 272 273 274 311 312 368 370 497 498 499
bottle red-groundplaque Attic epinetron Attic miniaturelebes gamikos "feeder" "feeder" blister-warefiltervase ladle closedvase closedvase closedvase Attic closedvase Attic closedvase Attic lid, plate? Attic head-kantharos? West Slope vessel importedWest Slope vessel Gnathianclosedvase
Fig. 21, PI. 23 P1.26 P1.36 Fig. 21, P1.37 P1.48 Fig. 21, P1.48 PI. 49 P1.28 PI. 28 P1.28 P1.34 P1.34 P1.43 P1.43 Fig. 21, P1.49 P1.49 PI. 49
MC LC ca. 480 B.C. secondquarter4th century late 4th century? late 4th or early 3rd century? 3rd century? ? EC? 6th century LC later 6th century later 6th century 530-520 B.C. secondquarter5th century mid-2ndcentury? Hellenistic late 4th century
Unknown shapes
The unknown fragments are all puzzles; the profile and possible interpretation of each is discussed in each catalogue entry.
,.
215
333
481
497
FIG.21. Miscellanea. Scale 1:2
XXIV. MISCELLANEA, UNKNOWN SHAPES (FINE WARES)
63
A few remarks on the miscellanea: The one bottle has a Frauenfest scene;205that subject occurs on a number of different shapes and may be significant for the cult. Very few plaque fragments were found in the Sanctuary, many fewer than at Perachora. The one example in the catalogue is the best preserved plaque; the others are corner scraps, without extant decoration. As with aryballoi and other shapes, the plaque is a votive type popular in other Corinthian cults but apparently not appropriate for Demeter. No Corinthian epinetra have been found, although one might think it a dedication appropriate for the two goddesses. The blister-ware filter vase is no longer such a rarity; more examples have been found in excavations in the Forum.206 And the one ladle finds companions in the material from the Potters' Quarter.207 The "feeder" presents problems of date and function. First, this type of vessel seems to start suddenly in the later 4th century.208 Second, most of the examples come from the Demeter Sanctuary. There are three from the Potters' Quarter, one from the North Cemetery, one from Forum drain 1971-1, one from Forum well 1975-4, one from the Baths of Aphrodite, and one from Katsoulis well 3 (well 1965-3).209 The contexts of all the above, where closely datable, seem to be in the third quarter of the 4th century. The two inventoried examples from the Sanctuary come from contexts of the late 4th to earlier 3rd century (lots 6181, 6723). There are quite a few fragments in the later groups of Catalogue I: 11 in Group 6, none in 7, five in 8, none in 9, two in 10, and one in 11. A few more examples remaining in the context pottery have been numbered in order to give support for the popularity of the shape: 3227:1, 3231:1, 5625:3, 5648:3, 6205:1, 6723:6, 72-128:1. Many of these contexts have terminal dates of the late 4th or early 3rd centuries, although a few go into the later Hellenistic period (3227, 3231). There are many more fragments than the above, recognizable by the distinctive stopper mouth and wall spout, the heavier parts that usually survive. The presence of so many "feeders" in later strata can be explained by the earlier material that exists in
each context. Yet, one wonders why, if there was a vogue for so many of them in the later 4th century, it
would last for only 30 to 50 years? They are usually found in the fills of dining rooms; were they used in the meals in those rooms? They are probably misnamed and should be identified as containers for some type of
liquid necessitatingslow pouring, after filtering into the vessels. It is difficultto prove that the vases continued to be manufactured throughout the Hellenistic period, for there appears to be almost no change in
shape. The Forum drain example, C-71-522, is not so dumpy in profileas the Demeter examples;it reaches
its maximum diameter higher on the wall. All examples, except one very small one from the Potters' Quarter, have rotellai or pellets at the top of the handle, where preserved. It is tempting to connect the shape with a metal prototype, which, however, does not exist, so far as I know. There are somewhat similar vases in non-Corinthian relief wares. The small Gnathian fragment, from a closed, thin-walled convex vase, has the characteristic decoration. Similar white, purple, and incised patterns appear on the shoulder of an epichysis excavated in 1975.210 Gradually, more South Italian vessels, imported into Corinth in the 4th century and later, are being recognized.
See I. Jucker, "Frauenfestin Korinth,"Antike Kunst 2, 1963, pp. 47-61, no. 6. The only early example, C-47-853, is published in CorinthVII, iii, no. 778, p. 149, pls. 36, 64 (well 1947-3). There was also one found at Kenchreai:B. Adamschek,Kenchreai,IV, The Pottery,Leiden 1979, GR 47, p. 21, pl. 5. 207 See CorinthXV, iii, nos. 1992-1995, p. 333, pl. 72. 208 There is a curious fragmentof a wall, with a high ovoid profile, partly glazed inside (on the lower area), decoratedwith black and red bandson the exterior,and bearinga spout on the wall in the formof a lion's head. It is C-74-115, unpublished,without good context, but probablyto be datedto the 5th centuryon the basis of the black and red bands. It may resemblethe kotyle-feedersfrom the North Cemetery (T 1662; CorinthXIII, grave 336-e) and the Potters'Quarter (KV 914; CorinthXV, iii, no. 1722). None of these forerunnersforeshadowsthe 4th-centuryform. 209 Potters' Quarter:KP 700, KP 671, both small, and KP 237 (CorinthXV, iii, nos. 2207, 2213, 2203). North Cemetery:T 2484 (CorinthXIII, grave 457-5, pl. 75), small. Forum drain 1971-1: C-71-522, large. Forum well 1975-4: C-75-91, small (Hesperia 45, 1976, p. 121, no. 46, pl. 21). Baths of Aphrodite:C-60-264, mouth of a large example, from well II (well 1960-6), abandonmentfill. Some of the material goes into the 3rd century,but there is earlier potteryalso. See Robinson (footnote184 above, p. 55), p. 125. Katsoulis well 3: C-66-175, mouth only. Found in fill E, which included a West Slope hemisphericalbowl, C-65-377 (see under 454 and Fig. 36), hence later Hellenistic;but the "feeder" need not be that late. 210 See C-75-222, mentionedin Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, p. 118.
205 206
64
SHAPE STUDIES
XXV. MINIATURES
Krateriskoi 48 52,53 508-512 Oinochoai, jugs 30,31 139 166,167 513-519 Kotylai 561-568 Kylikes 569-572 Bowls 573-580 Plates 581-583 Kana 584-587 Dishes 588,589 Pyxides 590-592 Kothon 593 Aryballos 150 ? Proto-unguentarium 594 Group 3 Group 4 P1.7 P1.8 P1.50 P1.5 P1.17 P1.18 P1.50 P1.52 P1.52 P1.52 P1.52 P1.52 PI. 52 P1.52 P1.52 Group7 P1.17 P1.52
A small selection from the thousands of miniatures is published in order to give an overview of the types found in the Demeter Sanctuary. The greatest number were found in the deep strata of the Archaic and Classical periods in the Middle Terrace, during the excavations of 1961 through 1965. But no area of the Sanctuary is without some few fragments of miniatures. Although vessels which seem purely cultic in nature, offering trays and likna, and three shapes which must have been the standard or obligatory types, phialai, hydriai, and above all kalathiskoi, are the dominant votive shapes, other vessels were also dedicated in roughly the same proportion as the large shapes of the form. Thus, kotylai and jugs are the most popular of the miniatures. The miniatures become less varied in shape in the later period of the Sanctuary. In the Archaic strata, especially in Room D (Room R:23-24), the types are quite varied, the decoration often painstaking and attractive. In the later 4th century, not only do a lot of the types disappear (kotylai, pyxides, plates) but also many hitherto with paint or patterns are entirely plain.211 At this same time the three major votive forms of miniatures also lose painted decoration. The types of votives find parallels in other Sanctuaries of Demeter. The shrine at Knossos,212for example, One also notes in that sanctuary the produced many kotylai (called skyphoi), krateriskoi, jugs, and cups.21'3
211See the examples from the Forum votive pit (well 1975-4): Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, pp. 117, 122-123, nos. 50-60, pl. 22. Half are glazed;the rest are not.
212
213
Coldstream, Knossos.
Some of the cups, so designatedat Knossos,are similar to our one-handledjugs. Ibid., pl. 15, from Deposit E.
XXV. MINIATURES
65
popularity of small hydriai in the Hellenistic period. Curiously, however, phialai and kalathiskoi are con-
spicuouslyabsentfrom Knossos.The excavationsat Perachoraalso turnedup many parallelsfor our votives, especiallyin oinochoaiand kotylai.214
Three shapes, small hydriai, kalathiskoi, and phialai, discussed in Shape Studies, III, VII, and XI, are not
includedhere.
Krateriskoi. There is one fairly large example, 48, from Group 3 of the early 5th century. It could have functioned as a cup but is included as a votive miniature because of the nature of the deposit. Of the small
examples, all are column-krateriskoi except 508, with horizontalhandlesat mid-body;it is banded,not fully
glazed. The krateriskoi have different profiles: the first, with high wall, represented by 52, 53, 510, 511; the
second, with a lower, more open profile, by 509 and 512. There is probably no chronologicaldifference between the two, because 509 and 510, from the same 6th-centurycontext (Room D, lot 1991) have the
differing profiles. There are hundreds more of these krateriskoi in Archaic and Classical contexts; the shape
apparentlyceasedin the late 4th or early 3rd century.215 Oinochoai, jugs. Most are small versionsof well-known types. Althoughminiaturesof these shapes were found consistentlythroughoutthe Sanctuary,they never gained the popularityof the small hydriai. Kotylai. The examples show differencesin decorationwhich may reflect changes in the standardsize of the shape and thus have chronologicalsignificance.Differencesin profile,however,are less trustworthy,for
on such a small scale, changes in proportion may be quite accidental. Nonetheless, the list has a tentative chronological arrangement. These little kotylai abound in 6th- and 5th-century levels, in patterned, glazed, and plain varieties; they appear to die out in the late 4th century, apparently because no tiny version of the ovoid or plain form was made. No miniatures classifiable as skyphoi were found.
Kylikes.The first two examples, 569 and 570, are fairly large, but given the usual size of a standardcup,
they ought to be called miniature. No one of the four examples has a true parallel. Although the first two have the offset rim of the Archaic Corinthian kylix, the handles are unusual. Few cups of miniature size
were found in the Sanctuary,echoingthe general lack of interestin or use for this shape. Bowls. This is also not a popularvotive,possiblybecauseof similaritywith the kalathiskos.The firsttwo, 573 and 574, are miniature editions of the flat-rimmedbowl of the 6th century (see 434). The third, 575,
resembles the 5th-century semiglazed form (see 54, 62) and may even be its predecessor. It is possibly er-
roneousto classify it as a miniature;it could have functionedas an early saltcellar(as may also 54 and 62).
576 is a handmade version of the lekanis, so popular in Classical and Hellenistic times; as many of these unglazed lekanides were fairly small, few miniatures were made. 577 and 578 are well-made standed bowls, possibly meant as miniature perirrhanteria. 579 and 580 are miniatures of the bowl with beveled rim and thus belong to the 4th or early 3rd century. They are smaller than the standard form and without any glaze; neither is well made. Plates. Miniature plates are more abundant in the Sanctuary than some other shapes (pyxides, kylikes, bowls), reflecting the popularity of the large-size plates. The popularity is limited, however, to the 6th and 5th centuries. The three catalogued examples are typical of the Sanctuary plate miniatures; the decoration is limited to bands of color or linear patterns. They are datable only by context; they show little difference in profile. Kana, dishes. The six examples are probably all from the 6th century. Two are from Room D, 584 and 589; three are from a surface context, 585, 587, and 588; and one is from a context with a long span of time, 586. The first four have reflex handles on the rim; the type could be called a miniature kanoun. The last, 589, may not be a dish at all but a molded stand for some other small vessel. Pyxides. There are fewer of the type than might be expected, given the popularity of the standard convex pyxis. The first two, 590 and 591, are tiny versions of that shape, made with a precision of profile and decoration. Several similar intact examples come from later 6th- and 5th-century contexts. The third example is
214 215
Perachora II, esp. pls. 117-119.
Note the lack of miniaturesother than phialai, hydriai, and kalathiskoiin Groups 7 through 11.
66
SHAPE STUDIES
a carefully banded pyxis lid, not quite large enough for a small pyxis. Its classification as a miniature is perhaps arbitrary. Kothons. There are very few additional examples in the context pottery; the shape was not functional in the Demeter Sanctuary in any size. Both miniatures are crisp editions of the form; neither can be dated. Aryballos. No Archaic miniatures were found, although they were dedicated at Perachora and elsewhere
This lack is not surprising,given the absenceof the regular size of aryballosin the Sanctuary. in Corinth.216
The one example is a small fine-ware version of the blister-ware form, probably late 4th century in date. Proto-unguentarium. There are some small unguentaria of Corinthian fabric published in Corinth VII,
iii.217594 has vestigial handles on the upper wall, resemblingan amphoriskos.But the glaze bands on the
shoulder are more typical of the unguentarium. It is the only example found in the Sanctuary and is published for that reason. It was made in the early Hellenistic period.
XXVI. COARSE-WARE KITCHEN VESSELS

Hydriai 629 630 Pithos 107 Krater 631 Lekanai 632 deep shallow 633 shallow 634 Oinochoai trefoil lid 635 trefoil 636 trefoil 637 trefoil 638 Mortars 639 640 108 641 Tray 642 Bowl 643 Strainer 644 P1.57 P1.57 Group 6 P1. 14 P1.57 P1.57 P1.57 P1.57 P1.57 P1.57 PI. 57 P1.57 Fig. 22, PI. 58 P1.58 Fig. 22, P1. 14 P1.58 Fig. 22, P1.58 P1.58 P1.58 6th century beforeearly 4th century Classical Classical late Archaic early Classical early 5th century? probably6th century Archaic Archaic probablyClassical early 5th century mid-4th century? 4th century later Hellenistic 4th century 6th century Hellenistic?
Group 6
Little can be said about the development of any of the coarse-ware vessels from the Demeter Sanctuary.218 Since most are large vessels, they had to be smashed for burial; thus only small parts of each were recovered. Representative examples of the popular types appear in the catalogue in order to give some evidence of the furnishings for the dining-room meals. The evidence is, unfortunately, very incomplete, very fragmentary. The history of the Corinthian kitchen may not be written from the material of the Demeter Sanctuary.
216 Perachora II, nos. 2810-2820; in the Asklepieion, C. Roebuck, Corinth, XIV, The Asklepieionand Lerna, Princeton 1951, pl. 3: fig. 1. 217 C-48-119 (well 1948-3), C-63-662, C-63-654 (Corinth VII, iii, nos. 584-586, p. 99, pls. 20, 58; Pemberton,Hesperia 54, 1985, nos. 26 and 2 for latter two [graves 1963-8, 1963-9]). 218 For a discussionof coarse-warefabric and the techniqueof manufacture, see Lawrencein CorinthVII, ii, pp. 94-95.
XXVI. COARSE-WARE KITCHEN VESSELS
67
639 108
642
FIG.22. Coarse-warekitchenvessels. Scale 1:2
Hydriai. One Archaic hydria handle, decorated in typical Archaic fashion with pellets and stamps, rep-
resents hundredsof similar large coarse-warehydriai, known only from rim and handle sherds.The second example, although small, preservesthe fairly typical profile found in many contexts:high ovoid body, tall
concave neck, flaring rim concave inside. The listings of the pottery shapes in the 11 groups of Catalogue I indicate the importance of this shape in coarse ware. Groups 1 and 4 had no kitchen material at all; thus only
Groups 5 and 7 lacked coarse-warehydriai. The absenceof the shape in fine ware (see p. 9 above) is compensatedfor by its popularityin the more utilitarianfabric.
Lekanai. Lekanai in both coarse and fine fabric are ubiquitous. The deep fine-ware lekanai, represented by 381-383 and 75, are the most popular. Note the 23 rims preserved in Group 6. Many coarse-fabric examples were also made. 633 in particular is a handsome vessel, with a fine polished slip hiding the inclusions. In both coarse and fine clay, these vessels of both deep and shallow profiles must have taken the place of kraters so conspicuously absent. Sufficient numbers are found in later contexts to suggest that the
householdlekanis continuedto be made in the Hellenistic period (see Groups 8, 11).

Oinochoai. Large oinochoai of coarse ware were also important in the Sanctuary. The few examples in the
catalogue date to the Archaic and Classical periods. The type may have been supersededin the later 4th
century and Hellenistic period by the cooking-fabric pitchers (see 151, 152, 646, 647). Coarse-ware oinochoai are not numerous in the later strata. Together, these two types of vessels must have been the chief
pourersfor the myriad drinkingvessels throughoutthe historyof the Sanctuary.

Mortars. The development of the mortar has been outlined by Edwards, who has classified two profiles
which show changes.219 The rims of his first type show great variation and may indicate that several different forms ran concurrently. Since most of the Sanctuary examples are limited to fragments of rims or spool handles, it is impossible to work out a chronological sequence of profiles. Only comparisons are given for dating specific examples.
219
Corinth VII, iii, pp. 109-111.
68
SHAPE STUDIES 639 has a disk foot, unarticulated below, a low, slightly convex wall, and a distinctive rim, flat on the outer
face, projectingslightly away from the wall below, and terminatingin a wide, convex top face. It is very
similar to an example from a 5th-century well, C-34-929.220 By its context, 639 probably should be dated to
the first half of the century. A more common and lasting form of rim is representedby 640 and 108, in which the rim has a convex
outer face, rising to a peak at the top with no appreciable top face. The inner bowl merges with that peak.
The outer wall may be straightor slightly concaveand flare out to formthe lower edge of the rim, as on 640. Or there may be a distinct lower face of the rim, projectingclearly from the wall, as on 108. The former Without the full profileone cannotdate 640 precisely.By contextit profile appearsin the Archaicperiod.221 ought to belong to the 4th century,probablythe first half. There is a slight overhangon the underside,not so The beads of the handle are more definedthan on the latter. pronouncedas that on C-53-269.222
108, from Group 6, has a close parallel in C-68-120, from the Sacred Spring, dated to the late 5th century.
Thus the mortarwas found in a fill of the late 4th centuryor slightly later (see p. 91 below), but it seems to
be earlier than much of the pottery in that context. The spout flares slightly, indicative of a date in the first
half of the 4th century.223 The last example, 641, comes from the late cistern in Building M-N:25-26, which producedso much
later kitchen material. 641 is only a fragment, with a rising flat rim and a projecting horizontal collar, with
"pie-crusted" finger holds. The fabricis thin, softerthan pre-Hellenisticmortars.It is probably2nd century in date.224
Although only four examples appear in the catalogue, the mortar must have been a necessary element of the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic dining rooms. Analysis of the material in the groups of Catalogue I indicates that fragments of at least one mortar were found in Groups 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 11. There are many more throughout the contexts of all periods. Tray. The curious flat object, 642, has been called a tray for lack of a better term. There are more of this shape; Group 6 has two or three, although without the elaborate outer rim profile. They are not known from other sites in Ancient Corinth. Other shapes. Low coarse-warebowls are representedby 643. The strainer 644 is unique. The tripod krater 631 may have been an elaborate base for a dedication, as its closest comparison surely was.225 It is included in this section on the basis of its fabric.
XXVII. COOKING-FABRIC VESSELS

Krateror lekane 645 Pitchers 151 roundmouthed roundmouthed 152 646 roundmouthed 647 trefoil Fig. 23, PI. 58 Group 7 Group 7 Fig. 23 PI. 17 Fig. 23, PI. 58 Pl. 58 later Hellenistic 4th century early 3rd century Hellenistic Hellenistic?
220Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937, p. 299, no. 194, fig. 32 (well 1934-10). 221 Examples in the Anaploga Well (CorinthVII, ii), from the LPC periodon: C-62-651 (An 307), C-62-653 (An 273), C-62-654 (An 272), C-62-655 (An 266), C-62-652 (An 286; pi. 110 for comparativeprofiles). 222 Corinth VII, iii, no. 624, p. 110 (well 1953-2).
223 Ibid., p. 109. 224 Ibid., p. 111, mortar II.
225 See MF 9500, R. E. Carter,"ATerracottaTetrapod Dedicationat Corinth,"Hesperia 22, 1953, pp. 209-214. Tripod bases for ones found at Perachora(PerachoraI, pl. 70) basins, kraters,and other vessels are known in metal. See for example the fragmentary and the more complete examples from Trebenischte (B. D. Filow, Die archaischeNekropole von Trebenischte,Berlin/Leipzig 1927), esp. nos. 83-87, figs. 76, 83. The bronzevesselshave a collarflangeabovethe feet, often with incisions(perfunctory ribbingor tongue pattern) on the collar, as in 631.
XXVII. COOKING-FABRIC VESSELS Unflanged cookingpots, large 648 flaringrim 649 flaringrim 172 flaringrim flat rim 650 flat rim 651 flat rim 652 190 flat rim Unflangedcookingpots, small 49 flaringrim 653 flaringrim 654 flaringrim 655 flat rim 656 verticalrim Flanged cookingpots 109 chytraI? 657 chytraII? Casseroles(lopades) 110 type I 111 type I 658 type I? 112 type II 659 type II 660 type II Open saucepan 153
69
Group 8
Group 10 Group 3
PI. 58 Fig. 23, P1.58 PI. 19 Fig. 23, P1.59 P1.59 Fig. 24, P1.59 P1.20 P1.7 Fig. 24, PI. 59 Fig. 24, PI. 59 Fig. 24, P1.59 Fig. 24, P1.59 Fig. 24, P1. 14 PI. 59 PI. 14 Fig. 24, P1. 14 Figs. 24, 37, P1.59 Fig. 24, P1. 14 P1.59 Fig. 24, P1.59 Fig. 24, P1. 17
6th century 4th century thirdor fourthquarter4th century? end of 4th century? end of 4th century Hellenistic Hellenistic early 5th century 4th century later 4th century 3rd century? Hellenistic later 4th century? later Hellenistic? 4th century 4th century late 4th century? mid-4th century later 4th century early 3rd century? later 4th century?
Group 6
Group 7
The amount of cookingware in the Demeter Sanctuaryis great. The examples in the cataloguetypify the shapes found, with the exceptionof lids. No lids were included,as they did not contributeto the understandThe unflanged cooking pot and the flanged casseroleare the two most popular forms; ing of the shape.226
fragments from large walls suggest that there were also many kraters, although only one was sufficiently
preservedfor publication.The round-mouthedpitcheris also well represented.Most examples of the fabric come from the 4th centuryand later, since the most completeexamples were found in the dining roomsand cisternsof the Lower Terrace. But 6th- and 5th-centurylevels also have the material,as 648 and 49.
We still are not absolutely sure that the vessels were made with Corinthian clay in Corinth.227 There is, however, a type of fabric that is characteristic of most of the vessels: somewhat gritty in texture, although often given a smoothing of the surface; micaceous, more in the Archaic, less in later periods; often with
burnishing strokeson the exterior until the end of the 4th or beginningof the 3rd century.The colorsvary considerably.There is a red fabric that is popular in the 4th century, a gray and an orange-brownin the Hellenistic, but one cannot determinethe date from color or surfacefinish. Moreover,the cookingpots and casserolesare all blackenedon the exteriorfrom use, so that on many the colorhas changed,becomemottled,
and the surface is cracking. Those examples which do not seem to have the fabrics typical of most cooking ware found in Ancient Corinth are noted in the catalogue. But it is possible that all the vessels are not
Corinthian. Many of the wares are partly or wholly wheelmade.The cookingpots and casserolesappear to have the upper articulatedareas (rims, flanges, shoulders)made on the wheel; the walls are without wheel marks.
Pitchers are usually totally wheelmade. The method of manufacture is more clearly seen on the interior
surface,as the exterior is often wiped with a thin film that gives a finer texture, but which therebyconceals
the marks. Some of the later vases appear to have more white inclusions; but this too is variable.
226CorinthVII, iii, lids, pp. 129-131. 227 Ibid., pp. 117-118; AgoraXII, pp. 35-36.
70
SHAPE STUDIES
nig I -'=: ?_
In645
/
iS
650
646 :: _ 151 649

FIG. 23. Cooking-fabricvessels. Scale 1:2
71
653
654
655
-'S
652
109
656
111
153
112
660
658
FIG.24. Cooking-fabricvessels. Scale 1:2
72
SHAPE STUDIES
Each shape is presented separately; the shape not discussed in Corinth VII, iii, the unflanged cooking pot, has been studied more thoroughly than the others. The catalogue entries do not note whether wheel- or handmade, since many combine the two processes. The date of each example is only probable, based on
context and any dated parallels.

Lekane.228 The one example is Hellenistic. The earlier version of the shape may be found in two 4thcentury examples, C-71-541, from Forum drain 1971-1, without the offset concave area and having a flaring
rim with convex face and two cantedloop handles on the upper wall. The second4th-centuryexample was found in the SacredSpring, C-69-102.229 The shape continuesinto the Roman period.230
Pitchers.231 There are no examples in the catalogue predating the 4th century, but a fragment from the upper body and rim in lot 5695, M:16 (5695:1), dates by context to the earlier 5th century. The profile of the preserved upper wall suggests a globular body, merging continuously with a sloping shoulder; the neck is tall and concave, ending in a much thickened, flaring rim. There is no discernible shoulder offset, unlike the mid-5th-century example, C-35-640.232 C-37-569, from the early 4th-century drain 1937-1, is also without
the shoulderstop;233 there are variantsof the type.

The three examples in the catalogue exhibit the changes in form as set forth by Edwards. 151 is the oldest, belonging to the 4th century, with a shallow depression originally on the bottom, a strongly concave neck,
and a wide-flaring triangular rim. Very similar in both fabric and profile is a smaller pitcher, C-72-120, dated by context to the later 4th century.234 152, from the same group as 151, shows retentionof the neck form and sharply flaring rim, but the latter has becomelighter and mergesmore with the neck on the under
face. It may be 25 or 50 years later. C-60-288 has a similar rim but a proportionately higher neck.235 646, from the Hellenistic cistern in Building M-N:25-26, has a deeper central depression, a less concave and lower neck, and a plain flaring lip, not offset from the neck. The fabric also seems to be slightly grittier. There are no exact parallels; C-75-302 from well 1975-4 is perhaps the closest in profile, although smaller.
Both are later than 152.236 None of the three examples fromthe Sanctuaryshows burnishingmarksor glaze and Hellenistic strokeson the exterior.There are additionalfragmentsin a numberof lots of the 4th cenbelotury
era. Together with coarse-ware oinochoai, the round-mouthed cooking-fabric pitcher must have been an
importantpouring vessel in the dining rooms. Many fewer examples of trefoil pitchers were found. The one published here (647) is very warped,
probably from overexposure to heat, and provides no firm data to contribute to the understanding of the shape.237 Unflanged cooking pots, large. In order to discuss the types of deep cooking pots, it is clearest to divide them into two groups, flanged and unflanged. The presence of one or two handles, especially in the unflanged form, seems to have no significance for dating. Both types have rounded bottoms and no feet, probably to facilitate setting them on the grills. Changes in the wall profile and in the form of rim can be noted in the unflanged form and are given below. The 6th-century profile of the large unflanged vessels is globular; the shoulder is not well offset from the wall and also merges with a flaring rim, sometimes thickened on the exterior. On the interior face, the rim and wall merge by a continuous rounding of the surface as the direction changes; there is no sharp break
CorinthVII, iii, p. 134. See Williams (footnote46 above, p. 22), p. 5, no. 3, pl. 1. 230 C-67-161, from the Gymnasium (J. Wiseman, "Excavationsin the Gymnasium,"Hesperia 38, 1969 [pp. 64-106], pp. 74-75 and note 18, pi. 22:D). 231 Corinth VII, iii, round-mouthedpitcherstype I, pp. 139-142. 232 As dated by Edwards (CorinthVII, iii, no. 733, p. 141, pls. 34, 63; well 1935-7). 233 This example belongs to Edward's type III, owing to the additionof a disk foot. All the pitchers from that early 4th-century drain are so classifiedby Edwards (CorinthVII, iii, p. 137, note 22). 234 Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 42, 1973, p. 24, no. 23, pl. 11 (pit 1972-1). 235 Corinth VII, iii, no. 724, p. 141 (well 1960-6). 236 Both types of rim continue to appear in 3rd-centurycontexts. A fill containingmany kantharosfragments,excavatedin the Forum in 1980, lot 1980-129, containedone with the lighter rim (1980-129:4) and one with the older, heavier form (1980-129:5). This fill is also noted in the discussionof the moldmaderelief bowls, p. 45 above. 237 For trefoil pitchers see CorinthVII, iii, pp. 142-143.
229 228
73
between the two parts. 648, found in a 6th-century context, and two found in a 6th-century well, C-37-2058
and C-37-2059,238show the profile.

There are no large examples as yet clearly datable to the late 6th or early 5th century. At some time in the 5th century, the profile becomes more squat, more ovoid, with the maximum diameter just below the shoulder. There is now a clear demarcation between shoulder and wall. The rim remains flaring but has a number of different forms: it may be much thickened on the exterior, very thin and elongated, or even slightly undercut on the exterior. But no vessels of this period have strong articulation inside between the rim and the inner wall. The type is visible in C-39-275, from well 1939-1; C-37-547 and C-37-550, from well 1937-1;
and C-37-558 and C-37-567 from drain 1937-1, all unpublished.The rims remainingin the contextpottery of the latter two depositsare quite varied,but in all the flaring profileremains. No clear differencesexist in the vessels representedby these examples which span about a hundredyears.
In the late 4th century, the pots show changes. The profile becomes more globular, the maximum diameter is retained longer, while the offset between shoulder and wall seen in the previous examples is kept. Many of the rims echo the forms described above, but some also are flat, projecting horizontally, and a sharp break between the inner edge of the rim and the wall beneath becomes noticeable. C-37-2508, from pit
1937-1, shows the older form, but C-71-15, a contemporary example from well 1971-1, has a flat rim and rounded profile. Both are unpublished. Of the rims left in the context pottery from Forum drain 1971-1
(lot 7079), several also show the new form, but more, the older flaring rim. 172, part of a 3rd-century group, also has the older rim. Either 172 is older than much of the pottery in that group, or the flaring rim survived into the 3rd century. Late 4th-century contexts show that the two forms seem to have continued together for a while. The new flat-rim cooking pots are without burnishing strokes. No example of the new type in drain 1971-1 has that decoration, although several of the flaring-rim vessels in that context do have the markings. The flat rim may vary from a thin and quite sharp profile to one that is heavier and slightly concave on the
under face.239
650-652, all from late 4th-century or Hellenistic contexts, show the later profile. It is difficult to posit a definite date for any of them. It is possible that ratios of diameter to height may be significant, but there are not, as yet, sufficient numbers of well-preserved pots from limited contexts for such calculation. 190, from Group 10, has a different profile. The body wall originally was taller than the three pots 650-
652, the offset less pronounced,the sloping shouldermore concaveand vertical;the flat rim is grooved,with the lip slightly peaked. It has no apparentparallel.
649, with a flaring rim, is also difficult. The profile appears to be 4th century in its offset shoulder and thickened flaring rim. But the fabric differs from the usual Corinthian vessels, with greater amounts of white
inclusions,pitting the surfacebadly;there is also a total lack of mica. The handle is smallerand more angular than is customary.
Unflanged cooking pots, small. If the small examples echo the profiles of the larger vessels, 49 of Group 3 would indicate that the change from the 6th-century globular wall to the later ovoid form may have taken
place in the early 5th century. 653 continues the ovoid profile; the shoulder is offset, the rim simple and
flaring. Its context is the debris within Building M-N:20-26, room 3 (Room Da), created either by the
earthquakeor by destructionof the building afterthe earthquakein orderto build the Hellenistic successor.
The beveled bowl 456 (Shape Studies, XV), from the same context, helps suggest a date for 653 in the later 4th century. Thus, as in the larger vessels, the lower profile and flaring rim continue through much of the
4th century. 654 comes from a contemporarycontext. It has an almost identical twin in C-1979-140 (unpublished), from cistern 1979-1 in the Forum, of the same third quarter 4th-centurydate; the latter is of blister-warefabric. In both, the rim is nearly flat, but the squatterprofile is retained.
Campbell, Hesperia 7, 1938, p. 599, nos. 159-160, fig. 21; well 1937-3. in In lot 877, P:24, whose materialis concentrated the later 4th centuryand goes into the 3rd (with earliermaterialalso), there are nine unflangedrims in the context pottery.Of these, two have the flaring rim (877:2, 877:3) and seven the flat (877:4-877:10). Both small- and large-sizecookingpots are represented.Group 7 has two large pots (rimsonly) still in the contextpottery;both have the flat form (880:1, 880:2). One might assumethat the flat rim becomesprevalentin the 3rd century;172 cautionsagainsttoo strong an assumption.One cannot know how long the pots were used and to which limit of a given group they should be assigned.All the flat rims in lot 877 are without burnishingmarks.
238
239
74
SHAPE STUDIES
655, almost a miniature, yet blackened by use, comes from a Hellenistic context with earlier material in it. The vessel shows the newer flat rim and slightly more globular shape, although none of the small versions
regains the full globular profile. 656 is an oddity,without parallels in fabricor shape. Flanged cookingpots. The flanged vessels are varied in profile, form of rim, and handles. The one-handled form has two shapes, chytra I and II.240 The first, found in the 6th century if not earlier,241 has a low and globular body, slightly diagonal thin rim with rounded lip, and a flange that is usually horizontal. It
continuesinto the Hellenistic periodwith little change,except for a slightly higher profile.Two unpublished examples from Forum drain 1971-1 give the shape: C-71-116 has a slight offset on the shoulder;C-71-115 is has a thicker rim but is otherwise similar. C-60-60, possibly from a slightly later context,242 not fully but probablyalso was higher than the 6th-centuryexample. preserved No representativeof chytra I appears in the catalogue,for it was not so popular as the unflanged form, and only rim fragmentsremain in the context pottery. The type continueswell into the Hellenistic period.
The cistern in Building L-M:28, lot 6723, contains one such rim (6723:4); the context pottery of Group 8
also containsone (3217:1), as does the potteryremainingin lot 4482, fromthe Hellenistic cisternof Building
M-N:25-26 (4482:1). The latter deposit also yielded the second form of flanged vessel (chytra II), discussed below. The lack of popularity of this form of deep-flanged cooking pot is clearly indicated by the rim forms
in lot 877. There are nine unflangedrims remainingin the context pottery,but only one flanged (877:1; see discussionof unflangedabove, especially footnote239, p. 73).
The later form, chytra II, has a low ovoid profile, a thicker rim flattened on top; the inner face of the rim is
concave and turns in to form a small flange. All the examples known are datable in the later Hellenistic period. 657, from the Hellenistic cistern noted above, representstype II. Since there seems to be a range in
the dates of the pottery from that context, this example does not serve to date the introduction of the late rim form. What the relationship between the two types is remains unclear.243 Chytra II is found in the Roman
period at Corinth but with a heavier and beveledrim.

The low ovoid profile of chytra II is found in the vessels designated as stewpots;244the same form of rim and flange is also present. The upper wall and shoulder in some examples seem to have slightly greater convexity than that found on chytra II. If only rims are left, without the evidence for the wall profile or for
the type of handles (two vertical,or one verticaland one horizontalcontrastingwith the plain strap handleof
chytra II), one cannot be sure whether the fragment comes from a stewpot, which has at least 3rd-century
or examples,245 from a chytra II.

109 is problematic. The rim and flange resemble a chytra I, although thicker than most examples, but the convexity of the shoulder is closer to the profile of a stewpot. Moreover, the horizontal grooves of the upper wall are best compared with the grooves on stewpots C-47-826 and C-34-1613, both of which have been
109 dated to the mid-2nd century.246 cannot be that late; it belongs to Group 6 with a lower limit not after 300 B.c. 109 is probablyan earlier stewpot form.247 Casseroles(lopades). There is no attempthere to refine the shape changesas given in CorinthVII, iii,248 for without the evidence for the handles, one cannot be sure whether shape I or shape II is preserved.No
CorinthVII, iii, chytra I, pp. 120-122; chytra II, p. 122. See C-53-134 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 648, p. 121; Brann, Hesperia 25, 1956, p. 368, no. 69, pl. 58; well 1953-1). 242 CorinthVII, iii, no. 649, p. 121, from a well of the 4th to 3rd centuries(well 1960-4). 243 See CorinthVII, iii, p. 122. There is a rim-and-handlefragmentin lot 6206, L-M:21, a contextof the earlier 2nd centuryat the latest, with a chytra II rim and wide strap handle (6206:3). Whether it is a chytra II or a stewpot with two differenthandles cannot be determinedfrom this small fragment. 244 Corinth VII, iii, pp. 122-124, for stewpots. 245 In lot 6723, from a cistern in Building L-M:28, with material of the 4th and earlier 3rd centuries, there is one fragment, 6723:5, showing a ratherverticalwall, rising rim and flange, and the handleroot for a loop handle, verticallyoriented.It can only be a stewpot, but the rim is thinner than the examples discussedby Edwards. 246 Corinth VII, iii, nos. 656 and 658, pp. 123, 124 (wells 1947-3 and 1934-5). 247 Lot 6181, a burnt stratum in wall, with a Building M-N:19, goes to the mid-3rdcentury.Fragment6181:2 is a cooking-fabric verticalloop handle and grooveon the wall. It must be a stewpot, datableto beforeca. 250 B.c. 109 may supportthe beginningof this shape by the late 4th centuryat least. 248 Corinth VII, iii, type I, pp. 124-125; type II, pp. 125-126.
240
241
XXVIII. PERIRRHANTERIA75 fragments of the type III form, without handles, have been discerned in the Hellenistic strata of the Sanctuary.249 Types I and II appear together, from the early 5th century on. Few have been inventoried, although they and the unflanged cooking pots are the most popular cooking-fabric vessels. Type I casseroles appear to be more prevalent than type II in the Sanctuary. For type I, 658 is not canonical. The articulation of the wall and the curious handles are without parallel in typical Corinthian casserole forms. The contexts provide no clues for the date of 658; lot 5620 ranges throughout the 4th century and 5625 goes far into the 3rd century. The two examples from Group 6 are normal, with parallels elsewhere, but comparisons between examples from similar contexts (110 from Group 6: slight groove and lightly diagonal turn of the rim; C-71-525 from Forum drain 1971-1: slight groove and vertical rim; C-75-301 from Forum well 1975-4: strong groove and diagonal rim) show that there is no single canonical profile. The presence of a deeper groove in the other type I casserole of Group 6, 111, is not necessarily of chronological significance. All type II casseroles from the Sanctuary have good parallels in other contexts. 659, however, seems not to have the usual fabric and is slipped on the interior. All the casseroles show heavy use. Open saucepan. There is only one example in the catalogue, for it was not a common shape in the Sanctuary or anywhere else in Corinth. 153, from Group 7, has no close parallel, but an example noted in Corinth VII, iii (C-47-870)250 is close, although with flatter rim and square handles. Both probably derive from the fine-ware lekanis, omitting the foot and reflex handles. There is also in lot 5625, M-N:19, another fragment of a saucepan, with rim and oval handle (5625:4), very similar to C-34-25.251 The material of lot 5625 goes well into the 3rd century, with fragments of kantharoi (5625:5, 5625:6). Thus the suggestion by Edwards that C-34-25 is 3rd century, later than C-47-870 and 153, seems upheld by that small fragment.
XXVIII. PERIRRHANTERIA
Corinthian 661 Base, shaft, rim Base 662 663 Base, shaft 664 Base 665 Base 666 Base 667 Base 668 Base, shaft Shaft 669 670 Shaft, bowl 671 Shaft Rim 672 673 Rim Rim 674 PI. 60 PI. 60 P1.60 PI. 60 PI. 60 P1.60 PI. 61 PI. 61 PI. 61 PI. 61 PI. 61 P1.61 PI. 61 PI. 61 mid-6th century earlier6th century before500 B.c. Archaic early 5th century Classical Classical Classical 6th century late 6th century Classical Classical? Classical Classical
The 14 examples of perirrhanteria252 in the catalogue are but a few of the many fragments found in the Sanctuary. Only the best preserved of the representative types are published. Many of the remaining examples are fragmentary rims, similar to 672 and 673, or base fragments without whole profiles. Uncatalogued
Ibid., pp. 127-128. Most recently, see K. W. Slane, "Two Deposits from the Early Roman Cellar Building" Hesperia 55, 1986 (pp. 271-318), esp. p. 305. 250CorinthVII, iii, p. 129 (well 1947-2). 251 Ibid., no. 687, p. 129, pls. 30, 62 (well 1934-3). 252For Archaic perirrhanteriain particular, see Weinberg, Hesperia 23, 1954. The study by M. Iozzo, "CorinthianBasins on High Stands,"Hesperia 56, 1987, pp. 355-416, appearedtoo late for consideration. Many of the Sanctuaryfragmentsappearin that article, and the referencesare cited accordingly.
249
76
SHAPE STUDIES
stampedsherdsduplicatethe designson catalogueentries.Over 70 lots of contextpotterycontainadditional perirrhanteria,found in almost all parts of the site.
All the fragments are made of thick fabric with many inclusions, usually self-slipped on the exterior surfaces and painted or stamped. 670 is an exception, a very small example made of fine clay, included here for its shape. The large size of the functioning basin necessitated the heavier clay. The different elements, base, shaft, bowl, were often made separately. The clean break on the outside of the top of the foot on 661
and the finished edge beforethe area of attachmentof the shaft on the inside on that same example indicate
the process of fabrication. 666 is wheelmade. Whether the others, without visible wheel marks, were handmade or moldmade with the relief bands in the mold, the cording and stamping added after application of the slip, is not as yet clear and cannot be determined from this material. Archaic slips are often thicker than Classical ones, thus more resistant to soil action, but 663 of the later 6th century shows a deteriorating
surface.
A tentative chronology can be proposed for the high pedestal feet of 661-666. It is based on those examples
from the Demeter Sanctuary and other Corinthian contexts with findspots fairly limited in date or with decorationallowing dating.
The earliest form of base is very simple: a narrow vertical face and long, low, sloping upper face without
a decoration.One was found in a LPC context, C-31-186;253 smaller example, C-35-335, is not datableby its context but has the same profile. In the 6th century the two faces become more distinct. The outer face grows in height and is slightly The outer face is carefullyoffsetfromthe upper sloping face diagonalin orientation;it remainsundecorated. which retains a width greaterthan the outer face, so that relief bandsand stampsmay be applied. 661 shows this form. It is characteristicto have relief bands on the outer edge of the upper face, often with rouletting,
plain, or painted, or both.254These bands do not create the articulation between the faces, however; the offset is distinct without them. Stamped patterns on these profiles indicate dates throughout much of the 6th century. 661 is probably mid-6th, by the plumpness of the palmette leaves; 662 has the same base profile but seems earlier in the form of the palmette leaves of the stamp. C-37-2076, found in a well of the second half of
the century,shows the profile with only plain relief bandson the upper face and at the base of the columnar shaft.255 Many of these perirrhanteriahave the best slips, thick and smooth, giving a firm lustrous surface
over the coarse clay to hold the stamps. This offset profile appears to weaken in the later 6th century. A relief band or projecting ledge creates the distinction between the two faces. In profile, however, the two faces begin to merge. 663 and 664 show this new form, which continues into the 5th century. The older articulated type continues also, apparently disappearing by the end of the century. 664 also shows stamping on the outer face, not found in the articulated profile. C-50-17, from a late 6th- or early 5th-century context,256confirms the time for the popularity of this profile. 665 shows the continuation of the merging of the two faces and combines both the older stamped designs and the popular black and red paint of Classical examples. It is possible that the black-and-red convention was introduced at the end of the century or in the early 5th, contemporary with other vases using the combination, such as the type 3 kalathiskoi. Stamped designs probably ended in the earlier 5th century. C-75-306, from a context of the second quarter of the century,257has none; the three rings of the upper face are red and black, as 665. The slips become thinner, often worn away, possibly because they need no longer support the stamping.
CorinthVII, i, no. 182, p. 50, pl. 25 (well 1931-7). See C-31-446 from well 1931-14 (Weinberg,Hesperia 23, 1954, p. 126, note 111, pl. 28:a), with plain bands;C-72-282, without good context, with dottedovolos and relief bands painted brown. 255Campbell, Hesperia 7, 1938, p. 603, no. 184, fig. 26 (well 1937-3). 256 Weinberg,Hesperia 23, 1954, p. 127, note 120, pl. 28:g. 257 From pit 1975-1, lot 75-132.
253 254
XXVIII. PERIRRHANTERIA
77
In the later 5th century, a new type of offset base is made. C-34-931 shows the form, having a sharp
distinction between outer and upper faces.258The outer face has become much higher than in any previous
examples; the upper face is decoratedonly with wide, shallow relief bands. 666 continuesthis profile but
with an even higher, almost vertical outer face; the upper face has shrunk in width. The rings are sharply
cut, more resemblingsteps, comparableto the steps that encirclethe knobsof lekanis lids. 666 may be later than C-34-931, possibly 4th centuryby its context.A similar profile,with red and blackon the bandsof the It upper face, is foundon a fragmentfromwell 1940-1, still in the contextpottery.259 is likely that that example is 4th century.
The square-baseform, illustratedby 667, does not appear to be so popular as the pedestal feet just discussed. One example from the Potters' Quarter may be dated to the later Archaic period by its stamps;260667
must be later by its context.The flutedexamples,668 and 671, are at least Classical,if not later, datedby the findspots,comparativematerial,and the stone examples from which they surely derive.
The rims as yet do not lend themselves to similar analysis. The Archaic rim 661 and the Classical one 672 show little variation in profile.
Stampedpatterns on the perirrhanteriafrom the Demeter Sanctuaryare commonmotifs:cordedbands, chevrons,rosettes, palmettes,ovolos. There are no figural stamps. Figured scenes appear to have been most need for the popular in the 7th and early 6th centuries,beforethe growth of the Sanctuaryand concomitant vessels. Perirrhanteriawere made throughout the Classical period, for fragmentswere found in a well whose It in materialwas concentrated the 4th centuryand lasted until the early 3rd.261 is not yet possibleto isolate
any examples as specifically Hellenistic. One of the strata in the cistern of Building M-N:25-26 (lot 4480),
paintedrim. But containingmostly kitchenmaterialof the Hellenistic period,also yieldedone black-and-red

there is also earlier material in the cistern, including a later 4th-century Panathenaic amphora (306), raybased skyphoi, and other conventionalizing material.262 That perirrhanterion rim could be Classical.
Generally, clay perirrhanteriafound in Corinthcome fromArchaicand Classicalstrataand are not characteristic of Mummian destructiondebris.What, if anything,was used in the Hellenistic periodcannotas yet
be identified. The chronology of the shape needs a detailed study, possible only when more complete examples from defined contexts appear. The reconstructed dimensions of 661 (D. base 0.44 m., D. shaft 0.28-0.30 m., D. basin 0.60 m.) show the typical proportions, with the bowl projecting farther than the foot. The height of the shaft would probably be slightly greater than the foot diameter but not so great as the bowl diameter. A conservative estimate for the total height of the vessel would be over 0.80 m., making it a functioning vessel. We cannot be sure, however, what its function was. The use of the term perirrhanterion implies that these large basins were used in the Sanctuary for ritual cleansing, not actual bathing.263 The name refers to function, not shape, for the same form of basin was apparently used for washing,264 and even for mixing and kneading clay.265 It is the context, therefore, that gives the proper name and function. Sufficient numbers of these vessels were found in and around the dining rooms of the Lower Terrace (as well as the open areas of the Middle Terrace) to suggest possible use in those buildings. The following is a sample of such findspots.
258 Pease, Hesperia 6,
259
260
1937, p. 297, nos. 174, 175, figs. 25, 28 (well 1934-10).
New Museum well A.
KN 162 (Weinberg,Hesperia 23, 1954, p. 128, note 121, pl. 30:f);not in CorinthXV, iii.
See footnote 259 above.
261
262 263
Not all the material cited here is from lot 4480, but the layers in the cisternhadjoins throughout(lots 4478-4482).
See R. Ginouves, Balaneutike (Bibliotheque des Ecoles Franqaises d'Athenes et de Rome 200), Paris 1962: louterion, pp. 77-79;
pp. perirrhanterion, 299-310. 264 Ibid.; representations Attic vases, pls. 18, 19 for washing, pl. 41 for ritual cleansing. on
265
See Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937, p. 297.
78
SHAPE STUDIES Dining rooms, late 4th-century debris on floors: Building K:23 (Ra), lot 73-121 K-L:24-25, rooms 2 and 3 (Ka), lot 72-139 K-L:25-26, room 2 (Ja), lot 72-134 L:26-27, room 1 (Ha), lot 72-129 M-N:20-26, room 4 (Ga), lot 6840 N:21-22, room 2, lot 4398 6th and 5th-century contexts in dining rooms: Building M:21-22, room 2 (Room V), lot 6832 M-N:20-26, room 3 (Da), lot 6830 M-N:20-26, room 4 (Ga), lot 6839 N-0:22-23, lot 2186 N-0:24-25 (Room L), lots 2091, 2110, 2141, 2216 N-0:25-26 (Room J), lots 2074, 2083, 2225, 75-248 Contexts in open (cult?) areas: Room P-Q:24 (Room B), lots 897, 899 P-Q:26, floor 1 (Room E), lot 2230 R:23-24 (Room D), lots 1985, 1988
One fragment of 661 (e) was found in the packing for the north couch of the Classical Building N-0:25-26. Some of the other fragments of 661 were found in and around that area, although a few wandered westward (O-P:20-21). That perirrhanterion may have been used in the Archaic predecessor of the Classical dining room. It is, however, dangerous to argue too strongly for the functions of these vessels on the basis of findspots. Broken vases were not necessarily discarded in the area of use. The number of fragments does suggest, nevertheless, some use in the Sanctuary ritual.
CATALOGUE I (1-202): CONTEXT GROUPS

GROUP 1 (1-21)
Grid location R:21 Lot 6231 Upper Terrace, pocketof votive pottery,in stereo,in south half of grid square (pocket 1970-1) P1. l:a
2.55 kg., 49 vessels oinochoai:0.3 kg. (2) kotylai:0.45 kg. (8) kalathiskoi,fine ware: 1.2 kg. (34) kalathiskoi,coarseware: 0.6 kg. (5)
The potterywas found in a small natural fissurein the rockof the steppedtheateron the Upper Terrace. A few kalathiskoiwere lodgedabovethe main deposit,but mostof the vesselswere foundcloselypackedtogether, resting on bedrockunder surfacefill. No architecturecould be associatedwith the vases. The group consistsof 49 vases, as listed above. By size, all can be classifiedas miniaturesor small votives. There was no other material. This deposit gives the first sure evidenceof the functioningof the Sanctuary.
Although there is earlier material, belonging to the Mycenaean and Geometric periods,2 that material does
not have votive functions. This deposit is the first extant example of the many deliberate discardingsof votives. Moreover,the predominantshape in the depositis the kalathiskos,the chief vase foundin all periods
and areas of the Sanctuary, apparently the most common offering to Demeter.3 The date of most of the pottery is LPC. The kalathiskoi have LPC parallels, but votive miniatures tend to change less rapidly than other vases, and some of them could be later. One kotyle (4) may be early EC. There is also a problematic one-handled kotyle (8); the vase is as yet without parallel and may not fit into the chronology of kotyle profiles. Group 1 represents a cleaning of some area of the Sanctuary, with deliberate burning of a few and breaking of many of the vases. It was probably deposited in the early part of the Early Corinthian period. Thus the Sanctuary was already functioning, if on a limited scale, by the mid-7th century. 1. Conical oinochoe PI. 4 C-70-479. H. 0.095, D. 0.075 m. Mouth slightly chipped. Flat resting surface;conical body with slight convexity; tall cylindricalneck; trefoil mouth; flat strap handle attachedon upper wall and back of mouth. Resting surface reserved;wide glaze band on lower body with three added-purple lines; zone of dicing; upper body with glaze band, added purple; rays from base of neck to beginning of band. Glaze fired red; peeling from neck, handle, mouth. Cf. C-39-2 (CorinthVII, i, no. 147, p. 45, pl. 22). Late Protocorinthian PI. 4 2. Conical oinochoe C-70-480. P.H. 0.04, D. 0.073 m. Neck, mouth, handle missing. Shape as 1. Small triangles on lower wall; rest of wall black;incisedtongues on upper wall with tracesof added purple but no preservedaddedwhite. Late Protocorinthian 3. Small ray-basedkotyle Fig. 6, PI. 4 C-70-522. H. 0.051-0.053, D. 0.069, D. foot 0.031 m. Complete. Small ring foot;convex flaringwall turning in slightly to roundedlip; two loop handles.Undersurfacewith central
I Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 284, note 4. A seconddeposit,lot 6232, was foundone metersouth of this groupbut with less pottery. It containedmostly kalathiskoi,was not closely datable,and is probablylater than Group 1. All the potteryfound in Group 1 has been inventoried;all is publishedor noted in the catalogue. 2 The Mycenaean potteryfrom the Demeter Sanctuaryhas been published:Rutter, Hesperia 48, 1979, pp. 348-392. 3 Similar kalathiskoiwere found in the southeast depositof the Temple of Hera at Perachora:PerachoraI, pp. 98-101.
80
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS 8. Small kotyle(?) Fig. 6, P1.4 C-70-478. H. 0.048, D. 0.057, D. foot 0.027 m. Intact. Ring foot, not well set off from wall; tall, almost straight flaring wall with inturn to lip; one loop handle. Edge of foot, undersurfacereserved;glazed over exterior except reservedband of handle zone; two added-purplelines on lower wall; interiorglazed. Tall profile suggests EC, but single handle is exceptional;the handle is small and not a full loop. P1.4 Flaring kalathiskos C-70-485. H. 0.055, D. 0.069, D. resting surface 0.033 m. Many joining fragments; part of wall missing. Flat resting surface; concave flaring wall; rounded lip. Thin bands of diluted glaze in groups of two, three, two, two, on exterior wall; interiorwith two bands below lip. Glaze fired orange. Similar in group:C-70-505. 10. Flaring kalathiskos PI. 4 C-70-486. H. 0.053, D. 0.075, D. resting surface 0.029 m. Many joining fragments; part of wall missing. Shape as 9, with wider, slightly outward thickenedrim. On exterior wall, three groups of bands: diluted glaze, added red, diluted glaze; rim glazed; interior with glaze lines on lower, middle, upper wall. Similar in group: C-70-484, C-70-487, C-70-503. 11. Flaring kalathiskos P1.4 C-70-490. H. 0.052, D. 0.07, D. resting surface 0.037 m. Intact. Shape as 9, with more concavewall, roundedrim. Three groupsof two narrowbandsof blackglaze on lower, middle, upper exterior wall; rim with five groups of five black dots; interior with wide black band at bottom of wall, below rim. Thin peeling glaze. Similar in group: C-70-492. PI. 4 12. Flaring kalathiskos C-70-501. H. 0.051, D. 0.078, D. resting surface 0.049 m. Part of wall missing. Shape as 9, with lower wall, roundedlip. Exterior wall with five bands of glaze; glaze at beginning of lip, possibly with added purple; interior floor with circle, three bands;lip reserved.Thin peeling glaze. Similar in group: C-70-488, C-70-497, C-70-498, C-70-512. 13. Flaring kalathiskos P1.4 C-70-502. H. 0.044, D. 0.065, D. resting surface 0.029 m. Intact. Shape as 9, with straight flaring wall, roundedlip. Exterior wall with three pairs of glaze lines; interior with 9.
black dot, two black circles;edge of foot black;lower wall with well-spaced rays off black band; central wall with file of silhouette dogs between three black bands above and below; handle zone with six groups of seven two "worms"; black lines at lip; interiorblack. Cf. C-37-590 (CorinthVII, i, no. 160, p. 47, pl. 23). Late Protocorinthian PI. 4 Small ray-basedkotyle C-70-521. H. 0.068, D. 0.089, D. foot 0.044 m. Many joining fragments;small part of lip missing. Shape as 3. Black circles on undersurface;edge of foot black; zone of rays on lower wall; band at top of rays running into glaze of upper wall; two added-red, one added-white line over glaze below handles; no lines at lower edge of glaze zone; area between handle roots reserved; handles black; interior black with added-white line below lip. Glaze fired streakybrown to black. Cf. C-40-128, from well 1940-2 (well partially published: S. Weinberg, "A Cross-Sectionof CorinthianAntiquities," Hesperia 17, 1948 [pp. 197-241], pp. 214229, as well group D; C-40-128 not included).Published examples from well 1940-2, D46-D52, have the canonical red and white below the handles and at edge of glaze zone; C-40-128 and 4 do not have the lower lines. Beginning of Early Corinthian? 4. 5. Small ray-basedkotyle P1.4 C-70-524. H. 0.05, D. 0.066, D. foot 0.032 m. Many joining fragments;one handle, part of lip missing. Shape as 3. Two circles on undersurface;rays on lower wall; bandof glaze aboverays;wall glazed;reservedband at handle zone; interior glazed; reserved line at top of wall; no addedcolors.Glaze fired red to black. Similar in group:C-70-477. Cf. C-31-136 (CorinthVII, i, no. 179, p. 49, pl. 24). Late Protocorinthian Fig. 6, P1.4 C-70-523. H. 0.048, D. 0.062, D. foot 0.026 m. Handles missing. Shape as 3 but with flatterresting surfaceof foot;slightly stronger inturn to lip. Decoration as 5 but with addedwhite line at lower edge of glaze and below handles. Glaze fired red to black. Late Protocorinthian P1.4 C-70-525. H. 0.048, D. 0.071, D. foot 0.028 m. Part of wall missing. Shape as 6. Glaze overall except reservedhandle zone, no edge of foot, undersurface; addedcolors.Traces of interior burning. Similar in group:C-70-526. Late Protocorinthian 7. Small kotyle 6. Small ray-basedkotyle
GROUP 2 three broadbands;dots on lip. Glaze firedred. Similarin group:C-70-494, C-70-509, C-70-510. 14. Flaring kalathiskos P1.4 C-70-489. H. 0.037-0.04, D. 0.068-0.069, D. resting surface0.028-0.031 m. Intact. Shape as 9, more concave wall, slightly thickened rim. Exterior wall with three bands of glaze; interior with three, top one close to rim and running into dots on rim. Thin peeling glaze, uneven banding. Similar in group: C-70-504, C-70-506, C-70-511, C-70-514. 15. Flaring kalathiskos P1.4 C-70-483. H. 0.035, D. 0.064, D. resting surface 0.03 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall missing. Flat resting surface with groove on lower wall creating false foot;low, very slightly convex flaring wall; rounded lip. Exterior wall with six bands of glaze; interior with spiral on floor (intentional?),seven bands on wall; traces of glaze circles on resting surface. Possibly addedred on some bands. Glaze fired red. Traces of burning. Similar in group: C-70-491, C-70-495, C-70-507, C-70-508, C-70-513. 16. Flaring kalathiskos P1.4 C-70-500. H. 0.029, D. 0.05, D. resting surface 0.016 m. Intact. Shape as 15. Traces of glaze on exterior; interior with glaze on floor, four lines on wall. Thin, peeling glaze. Similar in group:C-70-493, C-70-499. PI. 4 17. Flaring kalathiskos C-70-496. H. 0.028, D. 0.048, D. resting surface 0.026 m. Intact. Very small versionof 11. Lower wall with two thin lines; upper wall with line, band; line just below rim; interior with two bands, line on upper wall, one below rim. Dots on rim. Thin glaze, partly red.
81
PI. 4 18. Kalathiskos,type 1 C-70-481. H. 0.05, D. 0.084, D. resting surface 0.05 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall and of one handle missing. Inset disk foot with three grooveson it; concave flaring wall, roundedlip; two handles, not well articulated,set horizontallyat midwall. No decoration. Cf. footed example from southeastdeposit, Perachora I, pi. 30: 5, later than 18; note heavier rim, handle zone design. 18 is probablya very early example of type 1. P1.4 19. Kalathiskos,type 1 C-70-482. H. 0.027, D. 0.05, D. resting surface 0.04 m. Intact. Flat resting surface;low concavewall slightly roundedat bottom; outward thickened rim; no handles. Exterior wall with low glaze band and addedred;upper wall and rim glazed, possibly with added red; interior with glaze on floor,lower and upper wall; two bandson restingsurface. Thin glaze, firedbrown, peeling. P1.4 20. Handmadekalathiskos C-70-3. H. 0.043-0.045, D. 0.078-0.08, D. resting surface 0.048 m. One handle missing. Handmade; coarseclay with inclusions. Flat resting surface;concavewall, thickenedat bottom; outward thickened rim; flat top; horizontal handle at midwall (originallytwo). Attachedpellets between handles;third pellet in centerof floor. P1.4 21. Handmadekalathiskos C-70-517. H. 0.043-0.045, D. 0.077-0.081, D. resting surfaceca. 0.05 m. Intact. Fabric and shape as 20; projectinglug handles; no pellets. Extensiveburningon resting surface. Three additional kalathiskoi of coarse clay without handles: C-70-2, with pellets on floor; C-70-515, with pellets on rim; C-70-516, plain.
GROUP 2 (22-32)
Grid location R:23-24 Lot 1990 Room D, lowest fill to stereo
7.8 kg. (0.75 kg. inventoried) kraters:0.1 kg. (1 black glazed) oinochoai:0.5 kg. (7: 2 conical, 2 ray based, 3 banded) kotylai: 1.25 kg. (33: 4 figured,6 ray based, 14 banded,3 black glazed, 3 plain, 1 LPC, 2 uncertain) phialai: 0.4 kg. (29) cups and bowls: 0.25 kg. (2 cups with offset rim, 1 with wishbone handles, 1 Attic cup, 1 kothon, 3 bowls or cups with flattenedrims, 2 feet of large bowls) miscellaneousfine wares: 0.3 kg. (footeddish, 3 powder-pyxislids, fragmentsof closedvessels) plates: 0.3 kg. (3)
82
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS
3.5 kalathiskoi: kg. (92:50 flaring,11 type 1, 23 type2, 8 uncertain) handmade bowls) 0.9 or 1 coarse wares: kg. (4: 1 amphora hydria,1 lekane,1 mortar, bowl)
miscellaneousvotives: 0.3 kg. (15: 2 krateriskoi,4 oinochoai, 1 jug, 1 lekanis, 1 dish, 1 plate, 3 offering trays, 2
These vases are not from a deposit. Rather, they form a fairly cohesive group from the lowest stratum in Room R:23-24 (Room D), in fill 0.15-0.20 m. deep over bedrock. The stratum may be the packing for a
floor.The vases representthe growth of the Sanctuaryin the first half of the 6th century.The earliestvessels in the context pottery are fragmentsof LPC kotylai;the latest, 23 and 25, were probablymade beforemidcentury. The major shape in the group is the kalathiskos. The flaring perforated form predominates; type 1
and early type 2 examples are also present.

The broken, incomplete state of most of the Group 2 vases is typical, not just for the pottery of Room D but also for the Sanctuary generally. Whether offered as votives or used in the dining rooms, the pottery was deliberately shattered and buried. Sherds from the same vase come from different areas, for the earth con-
taining the buried fragmentswas movedabout,to be used as fill duringthe differentand continuousbuilding periodsin the Sanctuary.One fragmentof 23 was found in P:26, one of 26 in M: 17-18.
Room D, which was very rich in material, contained some of the finest Archaic figured pieces, such as 26. Other examples from the same area were found in its other 6th-century strata, lots 1985, 1989, 1991. The
pottery is mostly votive, but some of the larger fine wares, kotylai and plates, might have been used in the
dining rooms. Room D, not clearly defined by walls as a room or building, may have been an open sacred area of the Archaic Sanctuary, possibly with an altar.4 22. Kotyle Fig. 6, PI. 5 C-62-764. H. 0.067, est. D. 0.108, D. foot 0.069 m. Five joining fragments;completeprofile;no handles. wide conFlaring ring foot;inner disk;flat undersurface; to rounded lip. Undervex flaring wall turning vertical surface:central circles;lines radiating to arcuatedband; outer face of disk brown (dilutedglaze); dicing on resting surfaces of disk and foot. Brown band on outer foot. Lower wall with narrow zone of straight lines between glaze bands. Zone of dicingbelow animals.Animal frieze between brown lines: feline facing left, added purple on rib cage, belly, haunches;steer to right, addedpurple on rib cage. F.o.: incised circles, dots. Handle zone: broad brown band below; dot rosettesalternatingwith four vertical lines; brown band at lip. Interiorblack;reservedline near top of wall; brown band below lip. Interior glaze peeled; no trace of addedcolors. Careful shaping of foot, clarity of banded and linear decoration in contrast with less careful incision and painting of animals. Use of brown and added purple unusual. For foot profile cf. C-39-23 (Corinth VII, i, no. 367, p. 80, fig. 30). Late Corinthian 23. Kotyle P1. 5 C-62-763. Joining fragment from P:26 (lot 2046). P.H. 0.043, est. D. 0.097 m. Fourjoining fragmentsof upper wall, lip, one handle.
4 Stroud, Hesperia 34, 1965, pp. 11-12.
Interior glazed brown. At bottom break, brown ground line for zone of silhouette goats(?) walking right; f.o. of hailstones. Added red over brown glaze above. Handle zone: vertical "worms"with added red below, brown above. Similar kotylai from Well I of Potters' Quarter. Cf. also C-53-137 (Brann,Hesperia 25, 1956, p. 358, no. 21, pl. 54). Late Corinthian PI. 5 24. Cup with offset rim C-62-948. H. 0.055, est. D. lip 0.14, D. foot 0.048 m. Many joining fragments;much of wall, one handle missing;plaster restoration. Sloping ring foot; wide, almost straight flaring wall, thickenedat shoulder;slightly concaveverticaloffset rim; taperedlip; loop handle set horizontallyon shoulder.Interiorglazed to top of rim where there is a reservedband; added-purplecircle in center of floor (in place of medallion); three moreon floorand wall, one on interiorof rim. Exteriorglazed from foot to shoulder;blackbandsat bottom and top of rim; handle black. Cf. C-53-160 and C-53-156 (Brann, Hesperia 25, 1956, p. 361, nos. 31, 33, pl. 54). Middle Corinthianor early Late Corinthian 25. Phiale Fig. 9, P1. 5 C-62-769. H. 0.018, D. 0.07 m. Centerwith omphalos missing.
GROUP 2 Good centraldepression;flat resting surface;flaring convex wall turning vertical to rounded lip. Glaze fired brown. Three bands around omphalos: brown, brown, addedred; brown design of four zigzags alternatingwith dot rosettes;bands on upper wall: brown, brown, added red. Added red on top of outer wall; rest of exterior reserved. Full convex profile. Before 550 B.c. 26. Plate P1. 5 C-62-770. H. 0.018, est. D. 0.265 m. Many joining a) fragments, preserving parts of outer floor, feet, rim. b) C-65-509 (M:17-18, lot 3222). Max. dim. 0.055 m. Fragmentfrom outer floor.
83
Double ring foot; low flaring rim, convex above, with grooveon upper face beforethick roundedlip. a. Wide black circle on undersurface;feet with added purple (overblack);lip blackwith tracesof addedpurple; added purple at juncture of floor and rim; black lines at beginning of rim and before outer groove. Floor: black ground line; one well-preservedforepaw and leg, part of other forepaw, one back paw of a crouchingsphinx, lion, or Chimaera.Traces of addedpurple on legs. b (not illustrated).Black band on undersurface.Floor: double-circle incised rosette. Polished surfaces on both fragments. Profile: Callipolitis-Feytmans, fig. 17, esp. no. 57. Decoration:P. Lawrence, "CorinthianChimaera Painter,"AJA 63, 1959 (pp. 349-363), pl. 87, esp. fig. 2. Late Chimaera Painter (Lawrence). Middle Corinthian 27. Plate Fig. 16, P1. 5 C-62-272. H. 0.02, est. D. 0.20 m. Three joining fragments;about half of floor, part of rim preserved. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 3:e. Flat undersurface;flat ring foot, barely articulated inside; flaring straight rim with grooves on both faces before slightly convex lip. Glaze fired red, thin and peeling. Undersurface:two wide glaze circles.Foot and outer face of rim black;inner face of rim with linear tongues;added purple over grooves;purple band at juncture of foot and rim. Floor:outer circleof dicing. Two heraldiccrouching sphinxes, each with lowered foreleg holding central palmette;other foreleg probablyraised (now missing). Long hair; poloi; thin proportions. Added purple on wings, chest, neck, face. Between legs of right-hand sphinx, a human figure facing right, sitting on a rosette (a padded dancer,resting?);addedpurple on body. F.o.: incised rosettes, some with double circles;incised blobs;dots. No similar profile in Callipolitis-Feytmans.Typical Corinthianrim, but unarticulatedfoot is unusual. Late Middle Corinthianor Late Corinthian
28. Plate(?) P1. 5 C-62-766. Est. D. to preservededge 0.13 m. One fragment from floor. Horizontal floor of plate or disk, thickened in center; small area of preserved outer face. Side A has groove 0.023 from edge;side B has groovejust beforeedge. Edge is badly eroded;it might be the outer edge of a small foot. Side A, from center: black circle; added-purpleband (over black);black dicing;black band with added-white dot rosettes;two black lines; reservedzone with black dot rosettes;two black lines; addedpurple in groove;zone of dicing; added-purple band; black line at outer edge; tracesof black on edge. Side B, from center:black dot;two black lines; addedpurple band; two black lines; black zone with addedwhite dot rosettes;black dicing;reservedzone with black dot rosettes; black band; wide added-purple band to groove. 6th century? 29. Pyxis lid Fig. 25, P1. 5 C-62-768. H. 0.021, D. 0.077 m. Part of rim missing. Low flat knob narrowing to lid; sloping lid; low, wellinset verticalflange. Interiorreserved.Top of knob:central glaze dot;three circles.Lid: glaze aroundknob;glaze lines limiting animal frieze. Animal frieze to right after break: goat to right, panther to right, goat to left, head and tail of panther to right over break. F.o.: incised rosettes, dots. Glaze almost completelypeeled. Late Corinthian
FIG.25. Pyxis lid 29. Scale 1:2
84
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS 32. Kalathiskos,type 1 Fig. 5, P1. 5 C-62-767. H. 0.024, D. base 0.032, D. rim 0.036 m. Intact. Flat resting surface with groove midway; concavewall; flaring triangular rim with four grooves on upper face; two well-formedloop handles.Blackat base of wall; added-purple (over black) band; handle zone of black added purple on upper wall and rim. Interior "worms"; with glaze bands on floor, lower wall, upper wall. Good example of type 1, showing origin in flat-bottomedpyxis-kalathos.See 532 for very similar but larger example. Probablyearlier 6th century
P1. 5 30. Miniature conicaloinochoe C-62-771. H. 0.036, D. 0.028 m. Handle missing. Flat resting surface; conical body; tall neck; trefoil mouth. Black line at base of wall; zone of dicing; black line; black tongues at top of wall; black line at bottomof neck;black tongueson neck;addedpurple (overglaze) on mouth. 31. Miniature conical oinochoe C-62-765. H. 0.021, D. 0.023 m. Intact.
Shorter version of 30, with squatter body, lower neck. Upper half of vase glazed. Glaze thin and cracking; string marks on resting surface.
GROUP 3 (33-49)
Grid location Q:26 P1. l:c,d Lot 2260 Pottery pocket in the northeast corner of Room E (P-Q:26; Pit 1965-2)
14.07 kg. (2.9 kg. inventoried) krater:0.09 kg. (1 black glazed) oinochoai:0.5 kg. (9: 1 black globular, 1 black ovoid, 2 roundmouthed, 1 wide mouthed,4 banded) 7 kotylai and skyphoi:1.7 kg. (24: 1 figuredkotyle, 1 Conventionalizing, ray based,7 semiglazed,2 banded,4 plain; 1 ray-basedskyphos;1 uncertain) lekanides:0.2 kg. (4 bowls, 1 lid) bowls: 0.08 kg. (3: 1 with flattenedrim [or cup?], 2 small unglazed) miscellaneousfine wares: 0.35 kg. (4: 1 amphoralid, 1 tripod-pyxis, 1 concavepyxis, 1 plate) Attic fabric:0.5 kg. (8) 4 kalathiskoi:6.4 kg. (99: 1 flaring, 1 transitional,14 large type 3, 76 type 3, 3 undecorated, very small type 3). miscellaneousvotives:0.78 kg. (11: 2 hydriai, 1 krateriskos,2 oinochoai, 2 phialai, 1 lekythos, 2 offering trays, 1 handmadebowl) coarsewares: 3.2 kg. (8: 2 amphorai,3 hydriai, 2 oinochoai, 1 mortar) cookingfabric:0.17 kg. (2 stewpots or pitchers) lamps: 0.1 kg. (2) The pottery of Group 3 was found densely packed, with little earth between the vases, against the east wall of Room P-Q:26 (Room E). A few upright Corinthian pan tiles originally fenced in the deposit, laid down in the second quarter of the 5th century. A joining fragment of 45 was found near by,5 suggesting either that the tiles did not completely seal the deposit or, more likely, that the pot was broken before discarding and the fragments scattered. By the end of the century, the pocket was covered by the upper floor of the room (lot 2230). Most of the pottery is votive in function, primarily kalathiskoi, including large examples of type 3. Other votive shapes are small oinochoai, a krateriskos, and a small hydria. The lekythoi may also be dedicatory; the drinking cups might have been used in a Classical dining room, as also the fragmentary kitchen ware.6 There are also lamps and terracotta figurines in the deposit. This group is especially important for datingthe introduction of the black-and-red form of kalacthiskos, used for over one hundred years in the Sanctuary. The group contains only one example not of the type 3,
The fragmentis from lot 2046 (P:26), locatedsouth of wall 13, the north retainingwall of the Middle Terrace. Only one cookingpot, 49, mendedsufficientlyfor cataloguing.The numbersof drinkingvessels and kitchenwares throughout the Sanctuarylead one to hypothesizethat the formermay have been used in the dining roomsonly once or twice (ritually?)and that the latter replacedvarious forms of fine-ware shapes absent from the Sanctuary(see pp. 15, 67, 72 above). These were then discardedwith the more commonplacevotives.
5 6
GROUP 3
85
canonical type 3 form, 38, thereby helping to confirm the date of the new type at the beginning of the century. Along with it came an undecorated version, 39. In the uninventoried context pottery are two tiny redand-black banded examples. The large size of 35-37 was an experiment in the first years of the shape and never became popular; the smaller version, 0.04-0.06 m. in height, must have been considered adequate for cult purposes and surely less expensive. Another example of the larger size is a fragmentary base remaining in the context pottery of Group 4 (see p. 87 below and note 9). The appearance of the ray-based drinking vessels, 40 and 43, with the semiglazed version, 41 and 42, in the same rather chronologically limited context shows a longevity in the former type greater than hitherto suspected. In addition, the absence of the one-handled cup from the group shows that a mid-5th-century date may be necessary for the introduction of that form of drinking cup.7
Only a few fragmentsin the contextpotterymay be datedto the later 6th century.Most of it belongsto the
first and early second quarter of the 5th century and was discarded before the middle of the century. 33. Round-mouthedoinochoe P1. 6 C-65-126. H. 0.079, D. 0.075, D. foot 0.054 m. Complete except handle restoredin plaster. Thin, sloping ring foot; flat undersurface; globular wall turning continuouslyinto sloping shoulder;low concave neck; flaring rim concave on outer face; thickening in place of drip ring. Black glazed overall except reserved no undersurface; trace of addedcolor. Absence of a true drip ring and lack of added color would suggest a late 5th-century date (Corinth XIII, p. 134), but the thin foot and stronglyglobularprofileare earlier characteristics.This and 34 are smaller than the usual oinochoai of the type and thus may lack added colors and articulation. First quarter 5th century P1. 6 C-65-127. P.H. 0.07, D. 0.094, D. foot 0.061 m. Many joining fragments;mouth, neck, handle missing; plaster restoration. Shape as 33 but with high ovoid wall; drip ring at upper break. Black glazed overall;no trace of addedcolors. First to secondquarter 5th century 34. Round-mouthedoinochoe Kalathos,type 3 Fig. 5, P1.6 C-65-124. H. 0.094-0.096, D. 0.11, D. resting surface 0.061 m. Many joining fragments;complete profile; plaster restoration. Slightly concaveresting surface;bevel at bottomof wall; concavewall with reflex handles at midpoint;flaringtriangular rim. Undersurface and bevel reserved; lower wall decorationof black and added-redbands with two black lines between; handle zone with black and added35. red pomegranatechain between black lines; upper wall banded as lower; added red on rim; black lip. Interior with black bands on outer floor, midwall, top of wall. Size and decorationunusual. First quarter 5th century 36. Kalathos,type 3 P1. 6 C-65-123. H. 0.09-0.093, D. 0.102-0.103, D. resting surface 0.066 m. Many joining fragments;complete profile;plaster restoration. Shape as 35. Lower wall, black and added-redbands, with brown (diluted glaze) lines between; handle zone with S-maeander between brown lines; upper wall bandedas lower; rim and lip black. Black bands on interior floor and upper wall. First to secondquarter 5th century P1.6 37. Kalathos,type 3 C-65-122. H. 0.071, D. 0.095, D. resting surface 0.044 m. Many joining fragments;complete profile; plaster restoration. Shape as 35; deep wheel groove on bevel; lip slightly thickenedinward. Lower wall with black and added-red bands, with diluted glaze lines between;black blob buds in handle zone betweenblack and added-redlines; upper wall black; black bands on rim, lip. Black bands on interior on outer floor, upper wall. First to secondquarter 5th century 38. Kalathiskos Fig. 5, P1.6 C-65-580. H. 0.046, D. 0.059, D. resting surface 0.036 m. Intact.
Shape as 35 but smaller;less articulatedrim. Lower wall with bands: black, added red, black; upper wall above
7 This differsfrom the North Cemeterydates. Only a few ray-basedkotylaiwere found in the 5th-centurygraves:CorinthXIII, 124. A date of 475 B.C. is suggestedfor the beginningof the one-handlers:CorinthXIII, p. 129. The latter also continuewell into p. the 4th century,not ending at the beginningof that centuryas statedtherein (see pp. 36-37 above).The differencesmay indicatethat tastes in grave furnishingsdivergedfrom fashions in householdor votive pottery.The first level of the Punic AmphoraBuilding in the Forum, the potteryof which is similar in date to Group 3, also containedno one-handledcups and only one semiglazedkotyle; of but over twenty ray-basedkotylai were found in that context,demonstrably the secondquarterof the 5th century.See Williams, Hesperia 48, 1979, p. 114.
86
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS 43. Ray-basedskyphos Fig. 7, P1.7 C-65-117. H. 0.102-0.105, D. 0.126, D. foot 0.08 m. Many joining fragments;small part of floor and wall restoredin plaster. Heavy torus foot; flat undersurface;tall convex flaring wall becomingverticalat top; tapered lip; two loop handles. Undersurfacewith two black bands;inner foot added red; outer foot black; added-red line at top of foot; closelyset lines in place of rays on lower wall; upper wall black with added-redline at bottomof black;two pairs of added-red lines below handle at top of wall. Interior black;added-redline at top of wall. The Attic foot was graftedonto the Corinthiankotyle. See T 1713 (CorinthXIII, p. 124, grave 296-1, pl. 41). One additionalskyphosin group:C-65-118. Early 5th century 44. P1.7 Black-glazedlekythos C-65-125. H. 0.10, D. 0.043, D. foot 0.034 m. Handle, most of rim restoredin plaster. Flat restingsurfacewith stringmarks;false ring foot;low ovoid wall with little gain of diameter;concave flaring rim beginning with projectionfrom top of wall; no neck ring; funnel-shapedupper face of rim narrowingto small opening; rounded lip. Black glazed overall, except reservedresting surface,peeling. Poor surfacefinish. See Corinth XIII, p. 140, especially T 2804 (grave 297-3, pl. 42). Early secondquarter 5th century PI. 7 45. Attic black-figuredlekythos C-65-42. P.H. 0.08, est. D. 0.044 m. Joining fragment from lot 2046, P:26. Three joining fragments; foot, most of shoulder,neck, rim, handle missing. Tapering lower body; cylindrical wall without flare at shoulder. Black on lower wall; wide black band as ground line; charioteerin long white robe, in four-horse chariot, to right; behind horses a white marker. Top of wall with black running maeanderbetween black lines; shoulderwith blacklinear tongues.Streakyglaze, uncontrolled incision, poor drawing. Secondquarter 5th century 46. Attic palmettelekythos P1. 7 C-65-41. P.H. 0.082, D. 0.039, D. foot 0.032 m. Half of foot, all of neck, rim, handle missing. Disk foot with small hollow center; body as 45. Thin peeling glaze. Outer foot, undersurfacereserved;lower wall black; upper wall with poorly executed palmetteand-lotus chain: added white in volutes, lines enclosing palmettes,white dots in calyces. Black linear tongues on shoulder.
handles: two black bands; added-redrim. Interior with black bands on outer floor, upper wall. Type 3 shape but no handle-zone design. Probably transitionalbetweentypes 2 and 3, supportingthe date of introductionof type 3 at the beginningof the 5th century. 39. P1.6 Kalathiskos,type 3 C-65-581. H. 0.045, D. 0.059, D. resting surface 0.037 m. Rim slightly chipped. The small plain formof type 3 Shape as 35; undecorated. is introducedat the same time as the larger bandedform. Fig. 6, P1. 6 Ray-basedkotyle C-65-119. H. 0.108, rest. D. 0.129, D. foot 0.072 m. Half of wall, one handle restored.
40.
Sloping ring foot; flat undersurface;tall, gently convex flaring wall turning in slightly to tapered lip; loop hanadded red on indle. Two black circles on undersurface; ner foot, reservedon resting surface;black and addedred on outer face of foot;two thirds of wall with well-spaced black rays, ending in long thin lines; upper third of wall black, with pairs of added-red lines at bottom, middle, top of black. Interior black with added red on midwall, outer floor. See T 1665 (Corinth XIII, grave 265-1, pl. 37). The type is longer lived than previouslythought. Over twenty were found in the first level of the Punic AmphoraBuilding, of the secondquarterof the 5th century. 41. Fig. 6, PI. 7 Semiglazedkotyle C-65-121. H. 0.079, D. 0.104, D. foot 0.065 m. Many joining fragments; part of wall, floor restored in plaster. Shape as 40, with slighter foot, lower wall. Black on outer undersurfaceand edge of foot;addedred on inner and outer faces of foot; black line at bottom of wall; lower wall reserved;upper black with two pairs of added-red lines at lower edge and midzone;one added-redline at lip. Interiorblack with red at midwall, outer floor. Semiglazed kotyle introduced before ray-based form disappeared.See CorinthXIII, pp. 124-126. Secondquarter 5th century 42. Semiglazedkotyle P1. 7 C-65-120. H. 0.065, D. 0.087, D. foot 0.058 m. One chip in wall, completedin plaster. Shape as 41 but smaller;wall lower in relation to diameters. Reservedarea of lower wall narrowerthan 41; no black on undersurface;no added-red lines over black area;red line at lower edge of black. Changesmay be due to smaller size; profile is still the full earlier form. Secondquarter 5th century
GROUP 4 See CorinthXIII, p. 163, group ii. Secondquarter 5th century 47. Small hydria Fig. 1, PI. 7 C-65-500. P.H. 0.066, D. 0.071, D. foot 0.046 m. Vertical handle, one side handle;neck and rim missing. High ring foot; high ovoid body; sloping shoulder offset from wall; canted-loopside handle with attacheddisk in center. Polished surface,now peeling; no decoration. First quarter 5th century 48. Krateriskos P1.7 C-65-128. H. 0.064, D. (top of wall and rim) 0.085, D. foot 0.052 m. Many joining fragments;one handle, part of rim restoredin plaster. Sloping ring foot;flat undersurface; slightly convexwall; verticalconcaverim offset fromwall; flaringflattenedlip;
87
verticalhandles from wall to lip. Black glazed overallexcept undersurface.Added-redline on outer foot, top of wall, lip; on interiorof outer floor, midwall, below lip. Much larger than the typical krateriskos. Possibly used as a drinkingcup. End of 6th or early 5th century 49. P1.7 Unflanged small cookingpot C-65-650. P.H. 0.095, est. D. 0.13, est. D. rim 0.075 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall, shoulder, rim preserved. Orange cooking fabric, lightly micaceous.Burning inside and out; encrusted.
High ovoid wall; squat profile; sloping shoulder offset from wall, turning up to flaring rim with rounded lip. Scar of lower handle attachmenton shoulder. No burnishing strokes. Probablyearly 5th century
GROUP 4 (50-60)
Grid location O-P:22 Lot 4351 Pit E (Pit 1965-3) P1. 2 0.7 kg. (0.65 kg. inventoried) 11 inventoriedvessels;26 uninventoriedsherds. Too few to weigh the individualshapes separately. The pit from which Group 4 came measures 1.95 m. east-west and 0.90 m. north-south.8 The south wall was constructed of field stones 0.30-0.35 m. wide; the east wall was a thin stone slab set on edge; the north wall was made of gravelly fill; the west wall was not preserved. Four pan tiles, found in fragmentary condition, set inside the walls, sealed off the pit from the overlying earth. There were bits of carbon in the fill of the pit, but no traces of burning were apparent. Thus the pit was not a holocaust sacrificial area. Although the pan tiles originally sealed the pit, there was later disturbance of them but without any contamination of the contents. The major shape is the kalathiskos, thus signaling the votive nature of the group. The Attic black-figured vase 50 and the Corinthian lekythos 51 may also have been votive dedications; the krateriskoi are miniature votives. All the well-preserved pottery from the pit appears in the catalogue; the context pottery contains only a few sherds of additional kalathiskoi, including the base of a large example,9 a few ray-based kotyle fragments, a handle from an Attic kylix, and a lekanis-lid knob. There is also a scarab, MF 12156. The group is contemporary with Group 3 and shows the same approximate lower limit in the second quarter of the 5th century, but it has a slightly earlier upper limit; there are more kalathiskoi of type 2. The group helps to support the date for the introduction of the type 3 kalathiskos at the end of the 6th or beginning of the 5th century. 50. Attic black-figuredoinochoe Fig. 3, PI. 8 C-65-174. P.H. 0.083, D. 0.076, D. foot 0.061 m. Mouth and handle missing. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 37, 1968, pl. 98:m, n.
8 Stroud, Hesperia 37, 1968, pp. 311-312.
Low, recesseddisk foot, concaveon undersurface, flaring to cylindricalwall; sloping shoulder,sharply offset from wall; narrow neck with drip ring; stub of vertical strap handleon outershoulder.Undersurface footreserved; and
9 Lot 4351:1; see 35-37 of Group 3.
88
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS Narrow disk foot, flaring to bevel of lower wall; concave wall with two poor lug handles; flaring triangular rim. Wall: black, addedred, black bands;black dots in handle zone;blackband;blackrim;blackband on upper interior wall. Bevel, foot, undersurfacereserved.Type 2 shape; type 3 decoration. 56. Kalathiskos P1.8 C-65-584. H. 0.04, D. 0.054, D. resting surface 0.031 m. Intact. Slightly concaverestingsurface;low sharp bevel;concave wall without handles; flaring triangular rim. Wall: black, black, added-redbands; black rim; black line on interior midwall, two on upper wall. Bevel and resting surfacereserved.Glaze fired red to black. Type 3 shape; type 2 decoration. 57. Kalathiskos,type 3 Fig. 5, P1. 8 C-65-586. H. 0.052, D. 0.067, D. resting surface 0.042 m. Completedfrom many fragments. Shape as 56, with two pinched-onhandles. Wall: black, black, added-red,blackbands;black Z-maeanderin handle zone; black, black bands;added-redrim; black bands on interior on mid- and upper wall. Bevel and resting surfacereserved.Peeling glaze. Early type 3. 58. Kalathiskos,type 3 P1.8 C-65-585. H. 0.051, est. D. 0.065, D. resting surface 0.036 m. Part of wall, rim missing. Shape as 56, with two lug handles. Wall: black, addedred, blackbands;black zigzag in handle zone;black,added-red bands; black rim; added-redlines on interior on outer floor, upper wall. Bevel and resting surface reserved.Glaze firedred to black.Singularuse of addedred on interior.Early type 3. 59. Kalathiskos,type 3 PI. 8 C-65-587. H. 0.046, D. 0.06, D. resting surface 0.034 m. Two joining fragments,slightly chipped. Shape as 56, with two badly finished reflex handles. Wall: added-red,black, added-redbands; black dots in handle zone; added-red, black bands; added-red rim; black lines on interior on floor, upper wall. Bevel and resting surface reserved. Peeling glaze. Not so early as 56-58. 60. Kalathiskos P1.8 C-65-588. H. 0.035, D. 0.046, D. resting surface 0.03 m. Five joining fragments;part of wall and rim missing. Very small undecoratedversionof the above. No handles.
reserved ribbon pattern on lower wall; two black lines; black pomegranate chain on upper wall; black line at shoulder;drip ring addedpurple, with short black linear tongues radiating from it; stub of handle, beginning of mouth black. On shoulder,to right from handle:man in cloak facing right; three women in addedwhite, wearing shortpeploi, holdinghands,dancingrighttowardbearded man in cloak seatedon stool to left, playing a lyre. Addedpurpleand added-whitedotson clothing.Carelessincision and painting; lyre has no strings, hand on lyre has six fingers. See Vanderpool, Hesperia 7, 1938, p. 380, no. 12, fig. 15; oinochoe of Vraona type (ABV, p. 443, no. 1), second quarter 6th century. 50 is later, by shape and by style. See especially the example by the Gela Painter (ABV, p. 475, no. 29 and p. 443, no. 3). End of 6th or beginning of 5th century Black-glazedlekythos C-65-582. P.H. 0.094, D. 0.042, D. foot 0.027 m. Neck, rim, handle missing;large gouge in wall. False foot; flat resting surface with string marks; low ovoid body; wall continuous with neck; no drip ring. Very poorly glazed overall, with drips on resting surface. See 44, Group 3; 51 is later, at the end of the series. Secondquarter 5th century P1. 8 52. Krateriskos C-65-172. H. 0.027, D. 0.032, D. resting surface 0.021 m. Intact. Flat resting surface;concavelower wall turning convex; vertical rim slightly concave;flat lip; two krater handles pressedagainst rim. Thin, peeling glaze overall. 53. Krateriskos C-65-589. H. 0.025, est. D. 0.032, D. resting surface 0.021 m. Part of wall, rim, one handle missing. Shape as 52. Glaze overall, fired mostly red. 54. Small bowl PI. 8 C-65-173. H. 0.029, D. 0.062, D. foot 0.036 m. Completed from three fragments. Disk foot with string marks;convex flaringwall, turning in slightly to simple lip. Interior glazed; exterior partly glazed by dipping. This type may not be a miniature;see footnote 109 above, p. 39. Secondquarter 5th century P1. 8 55. Kalathiskos C-65-583. H. 0.057, D. 0.063, D. foot 0.038 m. Part of wall, rim missing. 51.
GROUP 5
89
GROUP 5 (61-72)
Grid location Q:25 Lot 887 Pit A (Pit 1961-2) P1. 3:a 3.30 kg. (0.55 kg. inventoried) kraters:0.1 kg. (1 black glazed; 1 lekane) oinochoai:0.1 kg. (5: 1 conical, 1 Conventionalizing,3 uncertain) kotylai and skyphoi: 0.35 kg. (9: 2 figured kotylai, 2 ray based, 2 semiglazed, 1 plain, 1 banded; 1 red-figured skyphos) lids: 0.1 kg. (4: 2 pyxis, 2 lekanis) miscellaneous fine wares: 0.25 kg. (14: 2 small bowls, 1 black-glazedbowl, 1 flattened-rimbowl, 1 one-handler, 2 blister-warearyballoi,4 plates, 1 powder pyxis, 1 lamp, 2 Attic sherds) kalathiskoi:1.5 kg. (45: 9 flaring, 4 type 2, 1 large type 3, 28 type 3, 3 undecorated) miscellaneousvotives:0.2 kg. (10: 1 hydriskos,1 krateriskos,1 cup, 3 phialai, 4 offeringtrays) kitchenvessels:0.7 kg. (2 basins, 2 fragmentsof cookingfabric) The pit containing Group 5 was rectangular, 2.40 m. north-south, 1.20 m. east-west.10 Poros blocks set on edge made up the north and west sides of the construction; the east was of field stones, the south wall consisted of three large stones. Over these walls were Corinthian pan tiles laid in two layers. The earth fill was hard packed, with a quantity of sherds and a few figurines.1l The fill was 0.65 m. deep at the north end, less at the south, and went to bedrock. At the north end of the construction, set in the fill close to bedrock, were seven kalathiskoi, 64-70. There were traces neither of burning nor of animal bones; thus, as with Pit E (Group 4), Pit A was not a holocaust pit. The contents of this pit do not have so limited a date as the pottery of Groups 3 and 4. The inventoried
objectsgive a range from the late 6th to the last quarter of the 5th century. This dating is supportedby
fragments remaining in the context pottery: a later 5th-century blister-ware aryballos with flat ribs (887:4), a semiglazed skyphos with an angular torus foot (887:2), a sherd with a fairly linear palmette (887:1) of the later 5th century, and a fragment of a large plain kotyle (887:5). There are also earlier fragments: perforated flaring kalathiskoi, a ray-based conical oinochoe, 6th-century kotyle fragments. The greater number of the uninventoried fragments are from type 3 kalathiskoi. The bulk of the pottery, therefore, is from the 5th century, going into the last quarter, with a few fragments from the 6th century. P1.9 Red-figuredskyphos C-61-227. P.H. 0.093 m. Five joining fragments,preserving part of upper wall, lip. Hard micaceousclay; 5YR 6/6 (reddishyellow). Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 2:b. Convex upper wall, rounded lip just beginning to show outward flare. On wall, boy facing left, wrapped in himation, right arm inside cloak, left arm probably stretching back, extending the cloak; fillet originally in hair. Very straight lines for folds; cursorydetail. Upper border of eggs. Thin, peeling glaze; peeling miltos on figure, border. The clay is closer to Attic than to Corinthian. The figure is typical of cloakedyouths on the reversesof skyphoi and bell-kraters.The hand, distinctivein the downturned mouth and straightdraperyfolds, can be detected in other Attic fragments found in Corinth: see 339 and C-37-525 (I. McPhee, "AtticRed Figure of the Late 5th 61.
10
and 4th Centuries from Corinth," Hesperia 45, 1976 [pp. 380-396], p. 388, no. 21, pl. 88). There are also fragments in a non-Attic clay by the same or a similar hand. Ian McPhee will discuss these fragments in a forthcomingarticle. Fourth quarter 5th century PI. 9 62. Bowl C-61-388. H. 0.024, D. 0.054, D. foot 0.035 m. Two joining fragments;part of wall missing. Disk foot with string marks;slightly convexflaringwall; outward thickenedrim. Glazed inside; partly glazed by dipping on exterior wall. See T 1640 (Corinth XIII, grave 344-7, pl. 52). Third or fourth quarter 5th century 63. Flaring kalathiskos P1.9 C-61-226. H. 0.023, D. 0.037, D. resting surface 0.023 m. Intact.
Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pp. 6-7. 11 Figurines:MF 10537-MF 10544, MF 10942, MF 10943. There is also a lamp, L 4186, a 5th-centuryminiature.
90
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS black lines on outer floor, mid- and upper wall. Banding goes over bevel. More open profile than typical of type 3. 68. PI. 9 Kalathiskos,type 3 C-61-394. H. 0.048-0.05, D. 0.065, D. restingsurface 0.042 m. Intact. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 2:c. Shape as 67, with similar wall; handles are merely bumps. Wall: black, added-redbands with diluted-glaze line between, Z-maeander between black lines, placed above handles, black band continuingover rim; interior: black lines on outer floor, upper wall. Peeling glaze; wheel grooves.Degeneratingshape and decoration. Late 5th century 69. Kalathiskos,type 3 C-61-395. H. 0.046, D. 0.058, D. resting surface 0.035 m. Intact. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 2:c. Shape as 68. Decoration as 68, with Z-maeanderabove handles; interior has lines on wall, not on floor. Glaze fired red;wheel grooves. Late 5th century 70. Kalathiskos,type 3 Fig. 5, PI. 9 C-61-396. H. 0.044, D. 0.053, D. resting surface 0.033 m. Intact. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 2:c. Similar to 68 and 69, but with very low bevel. Wall: added-red,black bands with diluted-glaze line between, black zigzag between black lines; black band continuing over rim; interior:black lines on outer floor, top of wall. Peeling glaze. Late 5th century 71. Kalathiskos,type 3 Fig. 5, P1.9 C-61-387. H. 0.034, D. 0.049, D. resting surface 0.028 m. Intact. Flat restingsurface;roundedbevel;concavewall without handles; flaring triangular rim. No decoration. Wellformed,plain versionof early type 3. 72. Kalathiskos C-61-389. H. 0.018-0.019, D. 0.024, D. resting surface 0.016-0.018 m. Intact. Shape as 71 with taller wall. No decoration.
Flat resting surface;slightly concaveflaring wall; rounded lip. Two glaze bands on exteriorwall, outer floor,and upper interior wall. Lip glazed. Glaze fired partly red; banding uneven. A miniatureof the older flaring form of kalathiskos. 64. Kalathiskos,type 3 Fig. 5, P1.9 C-61-390. H. 0.048, D. 0.064, D. resting surface 0.038 m. One chip from rim. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 2:c. Concave resting surface; beveled lower wall; concave wall with two good lug handles; flaring triangular rim; lip inward thickened.Wall: added-red,black bands with black line between;black zigzag in handle zone; black on upper wall continuing over rim; interior:black lines on outer floor, upper wall, lip. Bevel and undersurface reserved.Good type 3 kalathiskos. 65. Kalathiskos,type 3 C-61-391. H. 0.043, D. 0.055, D. resting surface 0.034 m. Intact. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 2:c. Shape as 64. Wall: black, added-redbands, black zigzag in handle zone, black band, added-red rim; interior: black lines on outer floor, upper wall. Good type 3 kalathiskos. 66. P1.9 Kalathiskos,type 3 C-61-392. H. 0.035, D. 0.057, D. resting surface 0.036 m. Intact. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 2:c. Shape as 64, with lower wall, pinched-onhandles. Wall: black, added-red bands, black band of upper wall goes over lip; interior:black lines on outer floor, upper wall; no handle-zone design. The decoration is sloppy, the shape less precise. Later 5th century 67. P1.9 Kalathiskos,type 3 D. 0.068, D. resting surface C-61-393. H. 0.044, 0.04 m. Slightly chipped. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 2:c. Shape as 64, with lower wall. Wall: black, added-red bands with black line between, 5-stroke maeander in handle zone; black band continuing over rim; interior:
GROUP 6
91
GROUP 6 (73-112)
Lots 1950, 1982, 2111, 2233, 2249, 2250, 4355, 4356, 4369. Construction fill Grid location N-P:20-25 of Trapezoidal Stoa 49.74 kg. (10.74 kg. inventoried) kraters:0.7 kg. (6: Archaicand Classical) lekanai:6.2 kg. (23) oinochoai:1.6 kg. (44: 4 Archaic, 11 Conventionalizing,11 plain, 2 imitationblisterware, 4 spoutednecks,3 ribbed, 4 olpai, 1 epichysis, 4 lids) kotylai and skyphoi:5.8 kg. (69 kotylai:14 ray based,22 semiglazed,15 plain, 16 ovoid,2 white ground;28 skyphoi: 1 Archaic,27 black glazed) and miscellaneousbowls: 1.35 kg. (11 one-handlers;5 small semiglazedbowls, 2 with outturnedrim, 4 plain, cups 2 banded,2 offset rims, 4 uncertain) echinus bowls and bowls with beveledrims: 0.7 kg. (10 echinus bowls; 9 bowls with beveledrims) plain saucers:0.7 kg. (10) plates: 0.4 kg. (1 Archaic, 16 Conventionalizing) blister ware: 1.2 kg. (9 oinochoai, 10 aryballoi, 1 askos) lekanides:0.5 kg. (9 bowls, 15 lids) stands:0.39 kg. (11) "feeders": kg. (11) 0.3 hydriskoi:0.2 kg. (38) kalathiskoi:2.4 kg. (96: 1 basket handle, 5 flaring, 1 type 1, 1 type 2, 30 type 3, 57 type 4, 1 handmade) phialai: 0.2 kg. (19) miscellaneousvotives:1.0 kg. (48: 1 amphoriskos,12 krateriskoi,3 oinochoai, 10 one-handled jugs, 1 three-handled 5 kotylai, 9 bowls and dishes, 1 pyxis, 1 lid, 4 plates, 1 stand) jug, offering trays: 1.8 kg. (51 kernostype, 12 liknon type) Attic fabric:1.5 kg. (26) coarsewares: 13.8 kg. (18: 4 amphorai,4 hydriai, 2 pithoi, 1 mortar,2 bowls, 3 trays, 1 jar, 1 lid) cookingfabric:3.4 kg. (47: 1 pitcher, 8 flangedpots, 18 unflanged, 17 lopades, 3 lids) perirrhanteria:1.3 kg. (6) unidentifiableshapes: 1.4 kg. lamps: 2.9 kg. (61) The fill brought in for construction of the stoa on the Middle Terrace was dug in different campaigns from 1962 through 1965. The context pottery was subsequently amalgamated. The vases in the group are extremely varied, including votives, decorated fragments, fine wares of all shapes, and kitchen vessels. Most of the latest material appears in the catalogue; fragments of earlier date are published in Catalogue II (227, 254, 260, 276, 292, 298, 323, 354, 357, 413, 602) as they are valuable for the decoration but are without significance for establishing the date of the construction of the building. Much of the material belongs to the later 4th century, with parallels in Forum drain 1971-1, Forum well 1975-4, and other deposits.12 There is also similarity with late 4th-century destruction debris in the Sanctuary dining rooms: lots 6826, 6827, 72-128, 72-129, 72-134, 72-139, 72-140, etc. Presumably, much of the pottery destroyed by the earthquake(s) in the third or early fourth quarter of the 4th century'3 was discarded in earth which was used as construction fill to level the ground for the stoa. Although most of the pottery is later 4th century in date, a few pieces, especially 82 (Attic calyx-cup), 99 (small hydria), and a few of the kalathiskoi, belong to the beginning of the 3rd century and represent the lowest limit of the group. There is one Pegasos/Trident coin, 64-80, that has been tentatively dated to 279-252 B.C.(lot 2111). The stoa may thus have been constructed in the early 3rd century.
1972, pp. 154-163. Forum well 1975-4 (votive pit): Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, pp. 117-124. Other deposits:CorinthVII, iii, depositsnos. 80, 90. 13 For the earthquakes,see Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 45, 1976, pp. 115-116.
12 Forum drain 1971-1: Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41,
92
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS For the Amazon-griffin design,see the Olynthoskrater 38.329 (OlynthusXIII, no. 37, p. 90, pls. 45-47). Mid-4th century PI. 10 75. Deeplekane C-65-652. P.H. 0.083, est. D. rim 0.34 m. Two joining fragmentsfrom upper wall, rim, one handle. Wall becomingconvex at lower break, verticalin handle zone, turning slightly concave and merging with heavy flaring rim, slightly overhanging. Horizontal handle, round in section, on upper wall, cantedslightly upward. No decoration. The rim is slighter than two larger examples with comparable profiles, C-1979-243, from a late 5th- or early 4th-centurycontext,and C-72-121, of the later 4th century (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 42, 1973, p. 24, no. 24, pl. 10). The handlesof 75 are closerto the former example in placementand direction. Earlier 4th century? 76. Blister-wareoinochoe P1. 10 C-65-557. P.H. 0.075, D. rim 0.062 m. Four joining fragments;parts of shoulder, neck, rim, and handle preserved. Originally a globular body; sloping shoulder not offset from wall; short neck; flaring rim; double strap handle from outer shoulder to rim. Shallow slanting ribs on shoulder. Early 4th century 77. Blister-wareoinochoe P1. 10 C-65-558. P.H. 0.082, est. D. rim 0.07 m. Six joining fragments;parts of upper wall, shoulder,neck, mouth, handle preserved. Shape as 76. Finger depressionsin place of ribs on lower shoulder. See C-40-390 (Weinberg [under 4], p. 233, E10, pl. 85). See also 387. Third quarter4th century Fig. 3, P1. 10 C-65-517. P.H. 0.052, D. bevel and shoulder 0.051, D. foot 0.042 m. Neck, handle, mouth missing. Concaveundersurface; ring foot with vertical outer face; bevel of lower wall; concavewall; bevel of shoulder;sloping roundedshoulderwith shallow ribs; neck ring below narrow, originally tall neck. Black glazed overall except resting surface. Related to the high-shouldered oinochoe C-31-129, from well 1931-7, and C-37-2502, from pit 1937-1; neither is published.See also 385. Probablylate 4th century 78. Beveledoinochoe(epichysis)
73. Attic red-figuredbell-krater Fig. 2, P1. 10 C-68-244. Additionalfragmentsfrom L:17, lots 5613, 5693. a) P.H. 0.088, p.W. 0.084 m. Eightjoining fragments: part of upper wall, beginning of flaring rim preserved.b) P.H. 0.062, est. D. 0.27 m. Many joining fragments;part of upper wall, rim, lip preserved. Published:Bookidis,Hesperia 38, 1969, pl. 79:a. Vertical upper wall, continuouswith flaring rim; rounded lip; grooveunder lip on outer face. a. Interior glazed; reserved band below flaring rim. Exterior:horse and youthful rider to right; added-white tympanum at right, originally with yellow (dilutedglaze) dots and line; two ivy leaves in field. b. Interior as fragment a. Exterior rim with chain of myrtle leaves;reservedband below. Wall: heads and upper torsos of two drapedyouths facing each other;discus with dottedX as devicebetween them. Miltos on figures. Peeling, thin brown glaze. Near Group G (AR V2, pp. 1462-1471) and the Filottrano Painter (ARV2, pp. 1453-1455; McPhee). Secondquarter4th century 74. Attic red-figuredbell-krater P1. 11 C-61-478. Additionalfragmentsfrom Q:24-25, Q:25, R:25, R:26, S:25, N-0:26, O-P:22-23; lots 882, 886, 1953, 1961, 2013, 2067, 4356. a) P.L. 0.087, est. D. 0.30 m. Three joining fragments from rim. b) Max. dim. 0.25 m. Many joining fragments from upper wall; plaster restoration.c) P.H. 0.133, p.W. 0.221 m. Many joining fragmentsfrom midwall. d) P.H. 0.16, p.L. 0.236 m. Many joining fragments from lower wall, part of one handle. Convex lower wall; concave upper wall; flaring rim; roundedlip offset from inner wall. Interiorblack glazed. a (not illustrated). Rim: hooked spirals on upper rim; ivy-berrychain on outer rim face. b. Part of ivy chain of rim; at left, a head to left; beginning of unidentifiableobjectto right of head;large area of black glaze above handle;ivy-borderat right break, with beginning of wall scene. c. Amazon with spottedtrouseron horse, attackedleft and right by griffins;part of neck, body, leg of left griffin (addedwhite only remainingon neck);wing visible at left break. Added white better preserved on right griffin: neck, with white strokes for mane, foreleg, and part of back;raised wing at right break. Objectbelow with added white: fallen shield? d. Right part of handle, originallyin 90? angle. Lower borderwith egg and dart;palmette at left, originally filling area below handle. Right of handle, drapedyouth, to right, before stele. According to usual scheme, second youth facing him preservedin head of fragmentb.
GROUP 6 79. Attic(?) oinochoe P1. 10 P.H. 0.025 m. Neck fragment;no preserved C-65-549. edge. Concave narrow neck; black glazed on exterior, upper part of interior.On neck, a myrtle wreath in thick added white. From an oinochoe or lekythos. For the design see Agora XII, no. 131, p. 245, pi. 7, 325-310 B.C. Late 4th century 80. Large krateroidskyphos Fig. 7, P1. 12 C-65-481. Additional fragments from P-Q:20-22, M:17-18, M-0:17-20, 0:20-21, O-P:22-23, 0:22; lots 2156, 3206, 3222, 4348, 4352, 4369. H. 0.277, est. D. lip 0.27, D. foot 0.14 m. Many joining fragments; about half preserved;plaster restoration;no complete handle. Heavy torus foot;flat undersurface(centermissing);wall with compound curve; flaring lip. Black glazed overall; glaze worn off resting surfaceof foot. Lower wall undecorated;above,narrowverticalribs to maximumdiameter of wall, which has an unribbedband 0.02 m. wide. Ribs on upper wall; narrow horizontal band of eggs; top of wall and lip plain. On non-joining fragment of band a graffito: XOIP[ Glaze fired red in some areas. from Two other large skyphoi:J. L. Caskey, "Objects a Well at Isthmia," Hesperia 29, 1960 (pp. 168-176), pp. 168-172, from Isthmia; C-37-582 from drain 1937-1. Third quarter 4th century 81. Skyphos Fig. 7, P1. 12 C-62-337. H. 0.087, D. (maximumand lip) 0.086, D. foot 0.043 m. Many joining fragments;completevertical profile;plaster restoration. Shape as 80; slightly nippled undersurface;preserved handle with contractedroots, set slightly canted. Black with two glaze circles, glazed overall except undersurface miltos between them. Third quarter4th century 82. Attic calyx-cup P1. 12 C-64-423. P.H. 0.019 m. One fragmentof resting surface, lower wall. Recessed undersurfacewith nipple; groovedresting surface, no foot; flaring wall with very shallow ribs. In center of floor a satyr mask. Black glazed overall;burnt on bottom. See Miller, Hesperia 43, 1974, p. 231, nos. 16, 17, pl. 31. Agora XII, no. 695, p. 285, pl. 28, is similar but earlier;82 has shallower ribbing. First quarter 3rd century 83. Attic kantharos
93 PI. 12
C-64-421. P.H. 0.044, est. D. 0.079 m. Many joining fragments;part of upper wall, shoulder,rim, lip, lower part of one handle preserved; plaster restoration. Convex wall with maximum diameter at shoulder;vertical concaverim inset from shoulder,ending in slightly flaring roundedlip; wide strap handle attachedat shoulder. Blackglazedoverall.Bowl insufficientlypreservedto show stamping. 4th century (lack of profile precludescloser dating) 84. Attic kantharos Fig. 10, PI. 12 C-65-535. P.H. 0.073, D. 0.085, D. foot 0.046 m. Brokenat rim.
Pedestalfoot with centralledge;concaveabovestem;convex foot below; conical interior with wide groove before restingsurfaceof foot;grooveat base of wall; wide convex flaringbodywith maximumdiameterat shoulder;beginning of inset concaverim; attachmentscar for strap handle at shoulder.Wall ribbed.Black glazed overall except reserved resting surface, inner groove of foot, narrow band below ledge on foot. Without rim, uncertainif of plain or moldedform. No stamping in bowl. For proportions: Agora XII, no. 704, p. 286, fig. 7, pi. 29, 320-310 B.C. 4th century P1. 12 C-65-550. P.H. 0.032, est. D. rim 0.11 m. Four joinone ing fragments; third of rim and upper wall, handle preserved. Convex wall rising to flattened lip; loop handle of horseshoeshape. Black glazed overall;roulettingin bowl at break. See Agora XII, no. 759, pl. 56, for similar rouletting. Mid-4th century 85. Attic one-handledcup 86. One-handledcup, type 2 Fig. 11, P1. 12 C-65-551. H. 0.042, D. 0.089, D. foot 0.053 m. Four joining fragments;handle, part of wall missing. Vertical ring foot; nippled undersurface;convex flaring wall turning vertical to flattenedlip. Black glazed overall, peeling. Third to fourth quarter4th century 87. One-handledcup, type 2 Fig. 11, P1. 12 C-65-539. H. 0.051, D. 0.086-0.088, D. foot 0.042 m. Handle, part of rim missing. Shape as 86 but without nipple; flattenedlip with slight outward projection. Originally glazed overall, now peeled. Third to fourth quarter4th century
94 88. Small echinus bowl
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS 93. Small bowl, beveledrim Fig. 13 C-65-554. H. 0.024, est. D. 0.09, est. D. foot 0.05 m. One fragmentof verticalprofile;floor missing.
Fig. 12, P1. 13 C-62-342. H. 0.039, rest. D. 0.064, D. foot 0.039 m. Full profile, half restoredin plaster. convex flaringwall, turning Ring foot;flat undersurface; in continuouslyto roundedlip. Black glazed overall. Early 4th century 89. Small echinus bowl P1. 13 C-65-552. H. 0.033, D. 0.065, D. foot 0.04 m. Intact except for slightly chipped lip. more anguShape as 88 but with nippled undersurface; lar turn to lip; slightly higher wall. Black glazed overall; peeling; poor surface finish. Late 4th century 90. Bowl with outturnedrim P1. 13 C-65-555. a) P.H. 0.051 m. b) P.H. 0.037, est. D. rim 0.21 m. Both a and b (not illustrated) mendedof two fragments, preservingupper wall and rim. Wide convex flaring wall with beginningof carination from convex lower wall to concaveupper wall; outward thickenedrim; rim tooled on outer edge, not fully rolled. Originally black glazed overall;glaze fired red in places and peeling. Rim profile close to C-71-46, from Forum drain 1971-1, unpublished. Third quarter4th century 91. Attic bowl with outturnedrim Fig. 12, P1. 13 C-65-556. H. 0.049, est. D. 0.14, D. foot 0.08 m. Five joining fragments; most of wall missing; plaster restoration.
Small ring foot;straightflaringwall; sharp bevel turning in to taperedlip. Originallyblackglazed overall,peeling. Lower profile than 92. Late fourth quarter4th century Fig. 15, PI. 13 C-65-540. H. 0.024, est. D. 0.16, D. foot 0.068 m. Three joining fragments;much of wall missing; foot complete. High vertical ring foot; slightly nippled undersurface; low, wide, convexwall; roundedlip. Blackglazedoverall, glaze thin and peeling. Third quarter4th century 95. Saucer Fig. 15, P1. 13 C-64-420. H. 0.036, est. D. 0.13, D. foot 0.054 m. Two joining fragments;one third of wall, all of foot preserved. Profile as 94, with smaller foot, diagonal inner face of foot, higher wall. Black glazed overall. Third quarter4th century 94. Saucer
High ring foot; flat undersurface, no nipple; nearly straight, flaring wall turning out widely from foot, rising verticallyto flaring,outwardthickenedrim. Blackglazed overallexceptrestingsurface;miltoson latterand onjuncture of foot and wall. Four impressedunlinkedpalmettes in center of floor;abortiveroulettingaroundthem; outer floor rouletted.Palmettesextremelythin and linear. For the shape: Agora XII, no. 806, p. 293, fig. 8, pi. 32. Third quarter 4th century 92. Small bowl, beveledrim Fig. 13, P1. 13 C-65-538. H. 0.03, D. 0.085, D. foot 0.042 m. Complete profile;three fifths preserved. Diagonal ring foot;nippled undersurface; slightly convex wall; rounded bevel, turning in to tapered lip. flaring Black glazed overall, peeling. Late fourth quarter4th century
96. Attic squat lekythos P1. 13 C-65-516. P.H. 0.068, D. 0.048, D. foot 0.037 m. Top of neck, rim missing;hole in wall below handle. Low ring foot; globular body merging with shoulder; drip ring below neck; concave neck; strap handle from upper wall to neck. Red-figurepalmette,not on axis with handle. Black glazed elsewhere except undersurface; glaze peeling. See Olynthus XIII, no. 113, p. 153, pi. 105. Secondquarter4th century 97. Blister-warearyballos Fig. 17, P1. 13 C-65-537. P.H. 0.062, D. 0.092 m. Many joining fragments;complete profile;part of floor, most of rim and handle missing. Flat resting surface;low ovoid body continuous to narrow short neck;brokenat flare to rim; scar of strap handle on upper wall. Narrow incised ribs from upper wall to base. Orange surface. Third quarter4th century 98. Blister-wareduck askos PI. 13 C-64-437. P.L. 0.038 m. Two joining fragments;only upper back, stump of tail preserved. Groove dividing one side of duck horizontally; short incised lines on upper half for feathers. For a more
GROUP 6 completeexample see C-60-68 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 776, p. 149, pi. 64). See also 200, Group 11. Late 4th century 99. Small hydria Fig. 1, P1. 13 C-65-546. H. 0.103, D. 0.066, D. foot 0.032 m. One side handle, part of rim missing;hole in lower wall. ovoidbody with Narrow ring foot;nippled undersurface; maximum diameter just above midwall; sloping offset shoulder turning into narrow concaveneck; neck flaring to horizontal rim; slightly peaked lip; side handle of 90? form; vertical round handle attached at upper wall and under rim.
Ca. 300 B.C.
95
PI. 13 104. Kalathiskos,type 4 C-65-559. H. 0.038, D. 0.052, D. resting surface 0.035 m. Slightly chipped. Shape as 103, with more roundedbevel, simpler rim. 105. Kalathiskos,type 4 C-62-338. H. 0.037, D. 0.049, D. resting surface 0.023 m. Intact. Shape as 103; low bevel;verticalwall; horizontalflaring rim; peakedlip. Later than 103 and 104. 106. Kalathiskos,type 4 Fig. 5, PI. 13 C-65-560. H. 0.035, D. 0.049, D. resting surface 0.032 m. Slightly chipped. Shape as 103; minimum diameterjust below rim. 107. Coarse-warepithos P1. 14 C-62-347. P.H. 0.187, est. D. ca. 0.85 m. Two fragments (joining but too heavy and large for mending) from wall and rim. Heavy inclusions, thin slip, throughwhich inclusionsshow. Vertical wall; projectingrim with straightdiagonalouter face; short bevel to broad flat upper face. Exterior wall with grooves,deeply cut wavy line betweenthem. Incised on rim: delta with alpha inside. Classical 108. Coarse-waremortar Fig. 22, P1. 14 C-64-436. L. of spout 0.07, p.L. of rim 0.138 m. One fragmentof rim and spout. Small inclusions;no slip. Shallow, open, convexwall; heavy projectingrim undercut from wall, roundedouter face rising to roundedlip, concave inner face continuous with interior wall; spout projectingfrom rim, open above, oval in plan, widening out. At inner breakof bowl, increasein grits for grinding surface. 4th century 109. Chytra I or stewpot Fig. 24, PI. 14 C-64-433. P.H. 0.068, est. D. rim 0.14 m. Two joining fragments;part of shoulder,rim, flange preserved. Red cookingfabric. Highly convexshoulder;diagonal,straightcollarrim rising sharply from shoulder;rounded lip; slightly convex inner face of rim; rounded flange flaring in to bowl at inner base of rim. Three shallow horizontal grooveson shoulder. Traces of burning on both interior and exterior. Rim and flange resemblechytra I; shoulderhas stewpot profile. See discussion,p. 74 above. Later 4th century?
100. Kalathiskos,type 3 Fig. 5, PI. 13 C-65-590. H. 0.039-0.041, D. 0.053-0.057, D. resting surface0.030-0.032 m. Intact. Flat resting surface; rounded bevel; concave wall with two pinched-on handles, merging with slightly flaring, almost verticalrim. Wall: black, added-redbands;zigzag in handle zone; added-red,black bands, black going over rim and lip; one black band on upper interior wall. Uneven banding;poorly thrown. Very late type 3. PI. 13 101. Kalathiskos,type 3 C-62-344. H. 0.048, D. 0.059, D. resting surface 0.031 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall, rim missing;completedin plaster. Slightly concaveresting surface;concaveflare to rounded bevel;vertical wall rising to flaring roundedrim; peaked lip; two poor handles on midwall. Lower wall black; gray-purple line at midwall, going over handles; upper wall black;rim black. Interiorburnt. One of the latest of type 3 kalathiskoi. PI. 13 102. Kalathiskos,type 3 C-62-340. H. 0.025, D. 0.036, D. resting surface 0.021 m. Intact. Slightly concaveresting surface;low bevel;concavewall; flaring rim. Well-articulated miniature type 3, without handles or decoration. Late 5th or early 4th century PI. 13 103. Kalathiskos,type 4 C-62-339. H. 0.04, D. 0.054, D. resting surface 0.036 m. Intact. Flat resting surface;roundedbevel; gently concavewall; slightly flaring roundedrim; no handles;no decoration.
96
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS Shallow diagonal wall with sharp carinationto vertical shoulder; deep groove setting off diagonal flaring rim from wall; wide, well-definedflange. 4th century 112. Casseroletype II Fig. 24, P1. 14 C-64-435. P.H. 0.068, est. D. 0.27 m. One fragmentof wall, shoulder, rim, flange, stub of handle. Orange cookingfabric. Shallow wall, with slight convexity;roundedprotruding shoulder; flaring rim with compound curve (convex to concave) terminating in slightly thickened rounded lip; interior flange, slightly rising rounded edge; stub of round handle, attached to shoulder, rising diagonally. Closest parallel: C-47-889 (Corinth VII, iii, no. 675, p. 126, not illustrated). Mid-4th century
110. Casserole,type I P1. 14 C-64-434. P.H. 0.043, p.L. 0.104 m. One fragmentof wall, shoulder, rim, flange, and handle. Gray-brown cookingfabric. Shallow diagonalwall with little convexity;sharp turn to vertical shoulder;rim lightly set off (no strong groove), with slight outward flare ending in tapered lip; inner roundedflange 0.008 m. wide, roundededge;roundhandle attachedto rim, rising diagonally above it. Traces of burning on both interior and exterior. 4th century 111. Casseroletype I Fig. 24, PI. 14 C-65-547. P.H. 0.036, est. D. 0.16 m. One fragmentof lower wall, shoulder, rim, flange; no handle. Gray cookingfabric.
GROUP 7 (113-153)
Grid location P:24:25 Lot 880 Pit B (Pit 1961-1) P1. l:b 11.83 kg. (4.48 kg. inventoried) oinochoai:0.25 kg. (6: 1 squat, 3 olpai, 2 ribbed) kotylai and skyphoi: 1.5 kg. (13 kotylai: 1 semiglazed,5 Conventionalizing,7 plain; 8 black-glazedskyphoi) cups and bowls: 1.3 kg. (7 one-handlers;2 small echinus bowls, 4 beveled-rimbowls, 2 with thickenedrim, 2 small semiglazedbowls, 2 unglazed) phialai: 0.5 kg. (17) saucers:0.8 kg. (10) pyxides and lekanides:0.41 kg. (4 lekanis bowls, 3 lids, 3 powder pyxides, 5 stands) miscellaneousfine wares: 0.2 kg. (1 unguentarium,1 hydria, 2 plates) small hydriai:0.29 kg. (5) kalathiskoi:1.55 kg. (61: 5 flaring, 8 type 3, 1 small type 3, 47 type 4) miscellaneousvotives:0.4 kg. (13: 1 krateriskos,6 jugs, 1 kotyle, 2 bowls, 1 kanoun, 1 dish, 1 aryballos) offering trays:0.38 kg. (17) Attic fabric:0.35 kg. (7) coarseware: 0.8 kg. (2 mortars) cookingfabric:3.05 kg. (4 pitchers,4 unflangedpots, 4 lopades, 1 dish, 5 lids, 1 uncertain) lamps: 0.05 kg. (1) In the eastern room of the Trapezoidal Stoa on the Middle Terrace was a sacrificial pit14 containing a great deal of pottery: votives, fine wares, kitchen material, and figurines.15 All the later datable pottery appears in the catalogue. Unlike Pits A and E (Groups 5 and 4), Pit B was used for animal sacrifice. The pit measured 1.00 x 0.85 m. and was filled with ash to bedrock. The stone walls were burnt; the bones in the fill were from young pigs and goats. The pottery, including many intact votive kalathiskoi, was without stratigraphy. It was apparently dumped into the pit at one time. Since the pit contained both votive and dining-room material, one might hypothesize that in the mid-3rd century the use of the pit for holocaust sacrifice ceased
14Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pp. 10-11. A few of the vases, 129-133, 151, are publishedin CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 45, p. 211.
15 Figurines: MF 10486-MF 10494, MF 10496-MF 10505, MF 10934, MF 11239, MF 11261, MF 11338-MF 11342, and MF 13805; also covertile FC 95 and pan tile FP 245.
GROUP 7
97
and it becamea convenientbothrosfor discardingthe vases. Very few of the pots show any burning,and so a ritual involvingcasting potteryinto the pit during sacrificesof pigs seems precluded. Most of the pottery seems to date from the late 4th century,with a few pieces going into the 3rd. If the building containing the pit was built in the early 3rd century (see Group 6), the votives and food vessels thrown into the pit would date from the early periodof building use and could also come from neighboring buildings.The latest materialin the pit consistsof a few of the saucers,especially 132 and 133, and the Attic skyphos 116. It has been arguedthat some of the saucersbelongto the first quarterof the 2nd century.16 The profilesdo not appear to be that late. Moreover,there is evidencefor proposinga terminaldate beforethe middleof the 3rd centuryfor the pit. There are no moldmaderelief-bowlfragments,no West Slope sherds,no Corinthian later Hellenistic vessels were foundin the pit, types which can be found kantharoi;none of the characteristic in other strata of the Sanctuary(see Groups 8-1 1). The votivevessels that becamepopular in the later Hellenistic period,the small powderpyxides and the later formsof small hydriai, are also conspicuouslyabsent. with Group 6. A few later pieces give the terminal Consequently,most of the material is contemporary date of this group in the first half of the 3rd century.
113. Plain kotyle Fig. 6, P1. 15 C-61-427. H. 0.076, D. 0.088, D. foot 0.038 m. Many joining fragments; vertical profile complete; plaster restoration. Shape as 115 but with greaterstem, more abruptcurveto upper wall. Black glazed overall, except ledge of foot; undersurfacereservedwith two glaze circles. For parallel:Miller, Hesperia43, 1974, p. 231, no. 19, pl. 31. Late first or secondquarter3rd century 117. Phiale P1. 15 C-61-418. H. 0.023, D. 0.101 m. Complete profile; plaster restoration. Narrow resting surface;shallow centraldepression;low, flaring convex wall; slightly inturnedrim; low, rounded button omphalos well offset from floor. Undecorated. Similar to 173 and 432. End of 4th century Fig. 9, PI. 15 C-61-417. H. 0.018, D. 0.108 m. Complete profile; plaster restoration. Resting surface and wall as 117; slight articulation of outwardthickenedrim, set off by groovebelow; rounded omphalos,not well offset from floor. Undecorated. Early 3rd century 118. Phiale PI. 15 119. Phiale C-61-374. H. 0.011, D. 0.054 m. Intact. Flat resting surfacewith string marks;no centraldepression; low, straight flaring wall; rounded lip; low nipple omphalos.Undecorated.Similar to 175 (Group 9). Early 3rd century P1. 15 120. Attic kantharos C-61-470. P.L. 0.046 m. One fragment from upper wall, part of handle.
Low false ring foot; nippled undersurface;tall convex wall with slight inturn to roundedlip; two loop handles, set horizontally.Undecorated.Wheel grooveson surface. End of 4th century Fig. 6, P1. 15 C-61-209. H. 0.056, D. 0.069, D. resting surface 0.031 m. Intact;warped. Nearly flat resting surface;tall convex flaring wall, becomingverticalto roundedlip; two pinched-onhandlesat lip. Undecorated.Stackingline on upper wall. First quarter 3rd century 114. Plain kotyle 115. Skyphos Fig. 7, PI. 15 C-61-426. H. 0.086, D. 0.078, D. foot 0.04 m. One handle, part of upper wall restoredin plaster. Cited: Williams, Hesperia 48, 1979, p. 124, under no. 35, where it is erroneouslylisted as C-1961-246. Low torus foot; nippled undersurface;stemmed lower wall; compoundcurve to convex upper wall; flaring lip; roundhandle set on upper wall, slightly canted;contracted handle roots. Peeling black glaze overall. End of 4th century 116. Attic skyphos Fig. 7, P1. 15 C-61-206. H. 0.102, D. 0.104, D. foot 0.044 m. Many joining fragments; vertical profile complete; plaster restoration. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 3:a, left.
16 CorinthVII,
iii, p. 44: 130, no. 186 therein, is dated to the early first quarterof the 2nd century.
98
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS surface; stacking line on exterior. Unglazed version of echinus bowl? Probably4th century 127. Small bowl, beveledrim Fig. 13, PI. 16 C-61-450. H. 0.027, D. 0.087, D. foot 0.047 m. One third missing including center of floor; restored in plaster. Ring foot with wheel groove on interior face; straight flaring wall; sharp bevel, turning in to taperedlip. Peeling black glaze overall. First or early secondquarter3rd century 128. Small bowl, beveledrim Fig. 13, PI. 16 C-61-215. H. 0.025, D. 0.084, D. foot 0.048 m. Slightly chipped. Shape as 127 but slightly wider bevel, nippled undersurface. Peeling glaze overall. Higher profile than 127. First or early secondquarter3rd century 129. Saucer Fig. 15, P1. 16 C-61-381. H. 0.033, D. 0.152, D. foot 0.068 m. Three joining fragments,half preserved;plaster restoration. Published:CorinthVII, iii, no. 146, p. 43. Low, vertical ring foot; slightly nippled undersurface; wide convex wall, ending in slightly tapered lip. Glazed overall. Third quarter4th century 130. Saucer Fig. 15, P1. 16 C-61-383. H. 0.030-0.033, D. 0.114, D. foot 0.044 m. Three joining fragments;one third of wall restoredin plaster. Published:CorinthVII, iii, no. 186, p. 44.
On upper part of strap handle, attachedsatyr mask. The kantharoswas the articulatedform. Black glaze overall, peeling. Mask very worn.
For parallel: R. S. Young, "Sepulturae intra urbem,"
Hesperia 22, 1951 (pp. 67-134), p. 129, pyre 13, nos. 3 and 4, pl. 54. Early 3rd century 121. One-handledcup, type 1 P1. 15 C-61-467. H. 0.049, est. D. 0.09, D. foot 0.04 m. Three joining fragments;half preserved,no handle. Ring foot; nippled undersurface; convex flaring wall turning vertical to roundedlip. Interiorglazed;top third of exterior glazed by dipping. Similar type 1 cup in group:C-61-468. Late example, probablytowards end of 4th century 122. One-handledcup, type 2 Fig. 11, P1. 15 C-61-208. H. 0.045-0.048, D. 0.089, D. foot 0.046 m. Complete. Low ring foot; nippled undersurface;low, convex wall turning up to flattenedlip; loop handle set at top of wall with roots contracted.Originally glazed overall, peeled.
Ca. 300 B.C.
123. One-handledcup, type 2 P1. 15 C-61-421. H. 0.052, rest. D. 0.09, D. foot 0.046 m. Most of wall, much of handle restoredin plaster. Shape as 122 but higher profile. Wall contractsnoticeably to flattened lip; contracted handle roots. Glazed overall.
Ca. 300
B.C.
or slightly later
124. Small echinus bowl Fig. 12, P1. 16 C-61-213. H. 0.039, D. 0.069, D. foot 0.038 m. Intact. Flaring ring foot; nippled undersurface;convex flaring wall turning continuously to rounded lip. Originally glazed overall, peeled. Last quarter 4th century 125. Small echinus bowl Fig. 12, P1. 16 H. 0.028-0.031, rest. D. 0.067, D. foot C-61-423. 0.04 m. Half restoredin plaster. convex Very low ring foot;slightly nippled undersurface; wall turning in strongly to roundedlip. No trace flaring of glaze. Wider profile than 124. First quarter 3rd century 126. Bowl Fig. 12, P1. 16 C-61-384. H. 0.039, D. 0.105, D. foot 0.048 m. Part of wall restoredin plaster. Small ring foot; nippled undersurface;convex flaring wall turning in to taperedlip. Unglazed;wheel markson
Shape as 129; lower roundedfoot;strongnipple, less convex wall; roundedlip. Interiorglazed;one half of exterior glazed by dipping. First quarter3rd century Fig. 15, P1. 16 C-61-425. H. 0.034, rest. D. 0.118, D. foot 0.052 m. One fragment, preserving one third of vase; plaster restoration. Published:CorinthVII, iii, no. 184, p. 44. Shape as 129; thickerfoot, less convexityto wall. Peeling black glaze overall. First or early secondquarter3rd century 131. Saucer 132. Saucer Fig. 15, P1. 16 C-61-424. H. 0.033-0.035, D. 0.128, D. foot 0.048 m. One fragment, preservingtwo thirds of vase; plaster restoration. Published:CorinthVII, iii, no. 181, p. 44.
GROUP 7 Ring foot; uneven exterior, flat resting surface, concave diagonal inner face of foot (proto-conical);nippled undersurface; wide, wheel-ridged wall, slightly convex; rounded lip. Interior glazed; most of exterior glazed by dipping, but peeling. Secondquarter 3rd century 133. Saucer Fig. 15, PI. 16 C-61-382. H. 0.038-0.04, D. 0.135, D. foot 0.049 m. Two joining fragments;half restoredin plaster. Published:CorinthVII, iii, no. 179, p. 44. Shape and glaze as 132; glaze peeling, wheel-ridged exterior. Secondquarter 3rd century 134. Unguentarium P1. 16 C-61-469. P.H. 0.053, D. rim 0.043 m. Three joining fragmentspreservingpart of shoulder,neck, rim. Thin fabric (0.002 m. at shoulder),resemblingblister ware: gray-to-orangecore, with orange and white particles throughout the fabric, creating swirls of orange and white on the surface. Sloping shoulder;tall narrow neck;sharp flaringrim, lip projectinginward. Profile of an early bulbous unguentarium.Thin fabric close to Hellenistic blister ware; see 477, 478. For shape, see discussion,pp. 55-56. Early 3rd century? 135. Attic guttus askos Fig. 18, P1. 16 C-61-214. H. 0.086, D. 0.087, D. foot 0.066, D. rim 0.043 m. Part of lower wall restored. Published: Stroud, Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 3:a, center. Low ring foot with wide resting surface;flat undersurface;low ovoidwall, narrowingto shoulder;well-defined shoulder ridge; sloping shoulder merging with tall concave neck;wide-flaring, overhangingrim, convex on upper face; one ring handle, with two vertical grooves, attached on upper wall below shoulderridge. Black glazed overall. See Agora XII, no. 1194, pl. 39. 135 does not have so tall a neck as the askos from Menon's cistern: Miller, Hesperia 43, 1974, p. 231, no. 21, pl. 31, firstquarter3rd century. There is no Corinthian version of the shape known. Third quarter 4th century P1. 16 136. Lekanis C-61-451. H. 0.031, D. 0.086, D. foot 0.041 m. Six joining fragments;part of flange missing. straight Ring foot, unevenlymade;nippled undersurface; flaring wall, slightly carinatedabout midpoint;changeof
99
direction to flat rim, slightly outward thickened; low inset flange rising diagonally to interior; parts of two handles: pinched-on lumps of clay. Poor surface finish. Undecorated. For the shape: Corinth XIII, pp. 147-148; Corinth VII, iii, pp. 94-96. Closestparallel:C-53-248, fromwell 1953-2, unpublished. Early 3rd century P1. 16 137. Lekanis lid C-61-211. H. 0.04, D. 0.08 m. Four joining fragments;chipped. Flat knob, slightly concave on top; short thick stem; domedlid; roundedlip. Two steps cut aroundknob;two light groovesnear outer edge. 137 fits 136 very well, although no adjustingmarksvisible. The quality of 137 is higher than that of 136. Early 3rd century Fig. 1, P1. 17 C-61-447. H. 0.081, D. 0.056, D. foot 0.033 m. One side handle, part of foot missing. High false ring foot; ledge on upper foot; high ovoid body;slightly offset sloping shoulder;short straightneck, flaring to heavy horizontalrim with peaked lip; vertical roundhandle from shoulderto top of neck;two side handles set well below shoulder,of 90? form.Clay firedpartly orange. Earlier profilethan 99 (Group 6). Mid-4th century 138. Small hydria 139. Miniaturejug P1. 17 C-61-210. H. 0.063, D. 0.058, D. foot 0.037 m. Intact. Disk foot; high ovoid wall merging with sloping shoulder; short concaveneck not set off from shoulder;flaring rim; vertical strap handle from shoulder to rim. Upper half of jug glazed by dipping. Similar in Group 7: C-61-204. See T 2483 (CorinthXIII, grave 457-3, pl. 75). Third quarter4th century 140. Miniaturejug P1. 17 C-61-422. H. 0.042, D. 0.041, D. resting surface 0.032 m. Intact. Flat restingsurface;low, ovoidwall narrowingto slightly concaveneck;flaringrim with roundedlip; roundhandle from wall to rim. Undecorated. Possiblyrelatedto the oinochoewith shoulderstop (see p. 18) but without the trefoil mouth.The wall of 140 sags more than the examples in Group 8, 166 and 167. Early 3rd century? 141. Kalathiskos,type 4 Fig. 5, PI. 17 C-61-379. H. 0.043, D. 0.049, D. foot 0.031 m. Intact.
100
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS Flat resting surface; low, ovoid wall; low neck; flaring rim; roundedlip; handle from shoulderto mouth. Upper area glazed; wall scored with irregular diagonal incisions. Miniature imitationof blister-warearyballos. Late 4th century 151. Cooking-fabricpitcher Fig. 23 C-61-385. Rest. H. 0.217, D. 0.205, D. rim 0.112 m. Many joining fragments;holes restoredin plaster including resting surface. Red cooking fabric;traces of burning. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 3:b; Corinth VII, iii, no. 736, p. 142. Centraldepressionon bottomnot preservedbut originally narrowand shallow;tall globularwall; slight offset for concaveneck;flaringtriangularrim without articulation from neck; flat strap handle springing from upper wall, rising level to rim attachment. For parallel:C-72-120 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 42, 1973, p. 24, no. 23, pl. 11) dated third or fourth quarterof 4th centuryby context. 151 has a more flaring
rim.
Vestigial disk foot; roundedbevel; straight wall narrowing to flaring rim convex on outer face; peaked lip; two pinched-onhandles at midwall. 142. Kalathiskos,type 4 C-61-441. H. 0.037, D. 0.05, D. resting surface 0.03 m. Slightly chipped. Flat resting surface;concaveflare to roundedbevel;wall narrowing to strong flaring rim, convex on upper face; peaked lip; no handles. Similar in Group 7: C-61-376. PI. 17 143. Kalathiskos,type 4 C-61-377. H. 0.032, D. 0.049, D. resting surface 0.031 m. Slightly chipped. Shape as 142, more horizontallyflaringrim;roundedlip; no handles. Similar in Group 7: C-61-434, C-61-437. 144. Kalathiskos,type 4 P1. 17 C-61-445. H. 0.038, D. 0.053, D. resting surface 0.031 m. Part of rim missing. Flat resting surface;low, roundedbevel;straightvertical wall; flaring diagonalrim, concaveon upper face;rounded lip; two pinched-on handles at midwall. Similar in Group 7: C-61-444. 145. Kalathiskos,type 4 C-61-442. H. 0.043, D. 0.054, D. foot 0.038 m. Intact. Shape as above, with disk foot. Similar in Group 7: C-61-378, C-61-435. 146. Kalathiskos,type 4 P1. 17 C-61-433. H. 0.035, D. 0.049, D. foot 0.03 m. Intact. Shape as above;wall merging with rim; no handles. 147. Kalathiskos,type 4 C-61-436. H. 0.037, D. 0.049, D. foot 0.028 m. Intact. Shape as above;narrowerfoot, more roundedbevel. 148. Kalathiskos,type 4 Fig. 5, P1. 17 C-61-440. H. 0.038, D. 0.051, D. foot 0.037 m. Intact. Shape as above, with slightly concavewall. 149. Kalathiskos,type 4 Fig. 5, P1. 17 C-61-446. H. 0.038-0.041, D. 0.051, D. foot 0.032 m. Intact. Shape as above, with higher foot. Traces of burning on rim; thickness of interior irregular. Similar in Group 7: C-61-438, C-61-439, C-61-443. 150. Miniature aryballos P1. 17 C-61-207. H. 0.037, D. 0.046 m. Half of mouth missing.
PI. 17 152. Cooking-fabricpitcher C-61-492. P.H. 0.198, est. D. 0.19, D. rim 0.106 m. Many joining fragments,preservingparts of wall and shoulder, all of neck, rim, and handle. Red-brown cookingfabric;tracesof burning. Wall shape as 151, depressionnot preserved; offsetto less shoulder; lower concave neck, thinner rim, with slight flatteningof upper face. Later than 151 by rim change. Probablyearly 3rd century 153. Cooking-fabric bowl or Fig. 24, PI. 17 saucepan C-61-386. H. 0.068-0.081 (depressionnot in center); D. 0.216 m. Many joining fragments; full profile; holes in wall restoredin plaster. Red cooking fabric; burnt on exteriorand interior. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 3:c. Shallow central depression;low, slightly convex flaring wall, turning to roundedrim, descendingdiagonallyinto bowl; two grooveson exterior wall; two horizontalhandles, rectilinear in section, attached below grooves, set slightly canted,square in plan. Similarprofile:C-47-870 (CorinthVII, iii, p. 129) but with stronger grooving and flatter rim; looped, not square, handles, placed at rim. Shape related to fineware lekanis. Later 4th century?
GROUP 8
101
GROUP 8 (154-172)
Grid locationN-O:17-18 Lot 3217 VotivedepositoverlyingBuildingN-O:17-18 (Pit 1965-1) P. 3:b
12.05 kg. (1.45 kg. inventoried) amphoras:0.15 kg. (1) oinochoai:0.3 kg. (7: 3 small globular, 1 handle only, 3 squat) kotylai, skyphoi,and other drinkingvessels:0.9 kg. (16: 5 plain kotylai,2 ray based,2 ovoid;3 black-glazedskyphoi; 3 kantharoshandles; 1 Archaiccup) phialai: 0.2 kg. (8) bowls: 0.45 kg. (13: 3 plain, 2 semiglazed, 1 with beveledrim, 1 small echinus, 4 small semiglazed,2 stands) saucers:0.15 kg. (3) lekanides:0.2 kg. (4) "feeders": 0.25 kg. (5) miscellaneous fine wares: 0.4 kg. (9: 1 Geometric fragment, 1 blister-ware oinochoe, 1 blister-ware aryballos, 2 plates, 1 pitcher, 3 uncertain) small hydriai:2.3 kg. (41) kalathiskoi:1.25 kg. (48: 3 flaring, 5 type 3, 40 type 4) miscellaneousvotives:0.3 kg. (10: 3 krateriskoi,1 oinochoe,3 jugs, 1 lid, 1 dish, 1 aryballos) offering trays:0.2 kg. (7) Attic fabric:0.4 kg. (6) coarsewares: 2.7 kg. (10: 3 amphoras, 1 hydria, 3 lekanai, 1 basin, 1 mortar, 1 uncertain) cookingfabric:1.5 kg. (14: 1 lekane, 1 pitcher, 3 flangedpots, 5 unflangedpots, 2 lopades, 2 lids) lamps:0.4 kg. (9) Group 8 was found at the southern edge of the Lower Terrace to the west of the stone stairway. The deposit lay over the remains of Building N-0:17-18, whose east wall formed the eastern boundary for the pottery and other objects. On the south the limit was a line of tiles and a slab of poros, set on edge, running 1.15 m. west to east. The north limit was a line of fallen stones, 0.90 m. north of the tile barrier; fallen stones and tiles formed a similar western limit. But the boundaries did not define a constructed pit like those of Groups 4, 5, and 7. The pottery appeared to have been thrown in, already broken. There was carbon in the fill; in the southwest corner of the area was a considerable amount of burnt earth as well as a few burnt sherds (some with burning over the broken edges). At some point the western limit collapsed, and some of the vessels were dislodged, to be recovered from where they scattered west of the boundary. More pots were found high up in the fill, next to the broken tiles of the western boundary. Clearly the area was disturbed, not sealed in any fashion. The greatest mass of material was found along the western limits, some in the center, less along the south and east sides. The deposit is composed mostly of fine wares, some kitchen material, figurines, and a few lamps.17 Most of the pottery is votive, with a high percentage of type 4 kalathiskoi and small hydriai. All the datable material appears in the catalogue; there are additional fragments of kantharoi, skyphoi, and bowls. There are also earlier fragments: scraps of 6th- and 5th-century vessels, and a late Attic black-figured kylix with a graffito, 159. The saucer, 162, kalathiskoi, 168-171, and hydriai, 163-165, require a date later than comparable material from Group 7; but the hydriai do not show the extreme profile of those in Group 9. The date, therefore, should lie between the two groups; the pottery was discarded perhaps in the third quarter of the 3rd century.
17
Lamp: L 4813, type 25. Figurines: MF 12534-MF 12536, MF 13408, MF 13420, MF 13431, MF 13479.
102 154. Globular oinochoe
CATALOGUE I: CONTEXT GROUPS PI. 18 C-65-294. P.H. 0.038, D. foot 0.085 m. Foot, floor preserved. Wide stem foot with flat upper face, slightly flaring vertical face; hollow conical stem, continuouswith foot and bowl; no rings or grooves on stem. Resting surface reserved;lower stem interiorglazed, upper reserved;outer edge of foot reserved;outer stem glazed. On floor: satyr running right (tail tip at left break), left arm holding torch(?).On outer edge of resting surface,graffito: CMIKV@ION[...]NME interruptedby break at foot. For shape: Vanderpool, Hesperia 15, 1946, p. 309, nos. 187, 188, pls. 56, 58. Early 5th century 160. Semiglazedbowl P1. 18 C-65-607. P.H. 0.051, est. D. lip 0.13 m. Two joining fragmentsfrom upper wall and rim. Deep convex wall; concaverim; roundedlip. Glazed inside; added-redbands on lip, below rim on exterior. Probablyearly 3rd century Fig. 13, P1. 18 C-65-604. H. 0.029, est. D. 0.084, D. foot 0.039 m. Two joining fragments;vertical profile complete, one third preserved. Ring foot with angled outer face; nippled undersurface; straight flaring wall; sharp bevel turning in to tapered lip. Black glaze overall, thin and peeling. Mid-3rd century 162. Saucer Fig. 15, P1. 18 C-65-591. H. 0.036, est. D. 0.135, D. foot 0.052 m. Two joining fragments;vertical profile complete, one third preserved. Ring foot, round on outer face; nippled undersurface; convexwall with changeof directionat midwall;rounded lip. Glazed interior;most of exterior glazed by dipping. Poor surfacefinish;glaze fired red. Secondquarteror mid-3rdcentury P1. 18 C-65-599. P.H. 0.094, D. 0.075, D. foot 0.036 m. Many joining fragments;part of neck, whole rim, vertical handle, part of one side handle missing. Narrow ring foot; high ovoid wall; sloping shoulderoffset from wall; narrow concaveneck;two side handles on upper wall of 90? form. Profile similar to 99 of Group 6. The later form is shown in the next two examples. Early 3rd century 163. Small hydria 161. Small bowl, beveledrim 159. Attic black-figuredkylix
Fig. 3, PI. 18 C-65-602. H. 0.093, D. 0.065, D. foot 0.035 m. Part of mouth missing. Disk foot; globular wall merging with shoulder; short concave neck; cutaway mouth; handle from shoulder to mouth with pellets at mouth attachment.Unglazed. Later 3rd century 155. Globular oinochoe P1. 18 C-65-603. H. 0.079, D. 0.054, D. foot 0.032 m. Back of mouth, handle missing. Shape as 154 but with higher, more flaring foot;vertical rim. Both 154 and 155 show profiles similar to the hydriai in Group 8. 3rd century 156. Wide-neckedpitcher Fig. 4, PI. 18 C-65-608. P.H. 0.128, D. rim 0.085 m. Many joining fragments; part of shoulder, handle, neck, rim preserved;plaster restoration. Narrow, sloping shoulder;tall cylindricalneck with ring at area of handle attachment;slightly flaring rim; rounded thickened lip; vertical strap handle from shoulder to upper neck. Exterior surface originally polished; no decoration. See Corinth VII, iii, pp. 112-113. For close parallel: C-1976-114, from fill in basin room, lot 1976-101 (Williams, Hesperia 46, 1977, p. 52 for this fill), unpublished. 3rd century 157. Plain kotyle P1. 18 C-65-592. H. 0.056, est. D. lip 0.084, D. foot 0.034 m. One fragment preserving vertical profile, part of one handle. Flat resting surface; tall, convex flaring wall, turning concavebefore roundedlip; part of one pinched-onhandle. Very contractedbase. See C-75-285 (from well 1975-5: Williams, Hesperia 46, 1977, p. 68, no. 5, pl. 24). First quarter 3rd century 158. Skyphos Fig. 7, P1. 18 C-65-606. P.H. 0.07, D. foot 0.041 m. Four joining fragments;foot, lower wall, beginning of upper wall preserved. Small torus foot;nippled undersurface; compound-curve wall with stemmed lower body;strong change to convex upper body. Blackglazed overallexcept for miltos at base of wall, on resting surface, between glazed circles of undersurface. Very stemmed body, thick bottom. See late example in Group 7, 116, Attic. Late first or secondquarter 3rd century
GROUP 9 164. Small hydria Fig. 1, P1. 18 C-65-600. H. 0.09, D. 0.063, D. foot 0.032 m. Part of rim missing. False ring foot;high, ovoid body, mergingwith shoulder; concaveneck;flaring horizontalrim;two pinched-onside handlesjust below shoulder;round vertical handle from shoulderto below rim. Mid-3rd century P1. 18 C-65-601. H. 0.072, D. 0.054, D. foot 0.028 m. Part of rim missing. Shape as 164 but higher foot, groovedouter edge of rim; side handles at shoulder of 90? form; flattened vertical handle. Mid-3rd century 165. Small hydria PI. 18 166. Miniature jug C-65-593. H. 0.034, D. 0.041, D. resting surface 0.03 m. Slightly chipped. Flat resting surface; low, ovoid wall; wall tapering to flaring roundedrim, groovedon under face;strap handle from upper wall to mouth. 167. Miniaturejug P1. 18 C-65-594. H. 0.036, D. 0.034, D. foot 0.026 m. Intact. Shape as 166, with maximumdiameterslightly higher on wall; rim with more diagonalflare. Both 166 and 167 are similar to, though slightly later than, 140 of Group 7. 168. Kalathiskos,type 4 PI. 18 C-65-595. H. 0.038, D. 0.051, D. resting surface 0.032 m. Part of wall, rim missing. Flat resting surface;low, rounded bevel; nearly vertical
103
wall with two pinched-onhandles;flaring rim; rounded lip. 169. Kalathiskos,type 4 P1. 18 C-65-596. H. 0.043, D. 0.051, D. resting surface 0.029 m. Intact. Shape as 168 but taller, slightly concavewall; no handles. 170. Kalathiskos,type 4 P1. 18 C-65-598. H. 0.032, D. 0.047, D. resting surface 0.03 m. Intact. Shape as above,more verticalwall. Burnt inside and out. 170 has the profile most typical of the kalathiskoiin the group. 171. Kalathiskos,type 4 Fig. 5, P1. 18 C-65-597. H. 0.037, D. 0.051, D. resting surface 0.03 m. Part of upper wall, rim missing. Shape as above; less flaring rim, very slight bevel. The latest of the kalathiskoiin Group 8. PI. 19 172. Unflanged cookingpot C-65-651. P.H. 0.124, D. 0.16, D. rim 0.1020.105 m. Many joining fragments; parts of wall, shoulder,rim, all of handle preserved.Orange cooking fabric, fired gray on exterior; white particles in the fabric;no burnishingstrokes.Burnt on exterior. High, ovoid wall; sloping, slightly concaveshoulderonly lightly offset from wall; flaring rim convex below, offset from shoulder,nearly flat on verticalface;one strap handle, convexon outer face, attachedat lower shoulderand at rim, rising slightly above rim. Transitional to later type, without the typical flat rim. Probablythird or fourth quarter4th century
GROUP 9 (173-184)
Grid location S-T:21 Lot 6503 Hydria dump of stepped theatral area P1. 3:c 5.63 kg. (0.98 kg. inventoried) kotylai and skyphoi:0.4 kg. (15: 3 ray-basedkotylai, 1 semiglazed,2 plain, 1 banded;3 late black-glazedskyphoi, 5 uncertain) phialai: 0.2 kg. (4) saucersand plates:0.4 kg. (6: 4 saucers;1 Conventionalizingplate, 1 Hellenistic plate) pyxides and lekanides:0.53 kg. (20: 15 powder pyxides and lids, 2 lekanis lids, 1 Hellenistic lid, 2 stands) miscellaneous fine wares: 0.45 kg. (9: 4 Conventionalizingoinochoai, 2 plain bowls, 1 banded bowl, 1 kanoun, 1 piercedcylindricalvessel) small hydriai: 1.4 kg. (16) kalathiskoi:0.3 kg. (12: 6 type 3, 5 type 4, 1 uncertain) miscellaneousvotives:0.5 kg. (20: 3 krateriskoi,4 jugs, 4 dishes, 9 offeringtrays) cookingwares: 0.45 kg. (1 hydria handle, 1 pitcher, 1 unflangedpot, 1 stewpot[?],1 lid) lamps: 1.0 kg. (24)
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It Group 9 is made up primarily of small votive vessels and terracottafigurines.18 was found on the Upper Terrace, in the small steppedtheatral area, in a pocketof earth at the east end of step 5, caught in the angle
of the step and bedrock. The material was apparently thrown down, without any care. There were no traces
of burning. The findspotis about 10 meters south of Group 1. The material containsquite a few earlier sherdsfrom the 6th and 5th centuriesand two intrusiveRoman
fragments; but much of the pottery, particularly the votives, dates from the late 4th to the late 3rd century, probably deposited by 200 B.C. Other material includes a late 4th-century coin (Pegasos/Trident, coin 70-129) and a number of lamp fragments, one of which seems to be a variant of type 28 B.19
Kalathiskoi and small hydriai are the predominantshapes, but the hydriai are conspicuouslylater than
most of the kalathiskoi. They become a primary votive type in the Hellenistic period. Small pyxides and other votive shapes are also well represented. There is kitchen material but not much proportionately of
and customarydining-roomvessels. Kantharoiand moldmaderelief bowls are absent,20 there are relatively few kotylai and skyphoi. Moreover, much of the non-votive fine ware is earlier than the latest material,
represented by the small hydriai and powder pyxides. These peculiarities suggest that the group is a secondary dump, the votive material taken from some cult area (?) and discarded in fill with earlier sherds, which was then moved to this second area. 173. Phiale P1. 19 C-70-563. H. 0.021, est. D. 0.11 m. One half preserved. Narrow resting surface;good central depression;convex flaring wall; grooveat top articulatingoutwardthickened rim; low, wide, flat button omphalos; ridge on floor aroundomphalos.String markson bottom.Undecorated. Similar to 117 (Group 7) and 432. Late 4th or early 3rd century 174. Phiale Fig. 9, P1. 19 C-70-564. H. 0.017, D. 0.09 m. Intact. Very narrow resting surface,limited to area aroundshallow central depression;straight flaring wall, turning up and becoming slightly concave below flat rim; slightly roundedomphalos. Undecorated. Later 3rd century 175. Phiale P1. 19 C-70-565. H. 0.011, D. 0.054 m. Rim chipped. Flat resting surfacewith string marks;no centraldepression; straight flaring wall, turning in slightly to rounded lip; nipple omphalos.Undecorated. Similar to but shallower than small example from Group 7: 119. Mid-3rd century 176. Saucer Fig. 15, P1. 19 C-70-520. H. 0.041, est. D. 0.178, D. foot 0.06 m. Three joining fragments;completeprofile.
18 MF
19
Ring foot, almost verticalon outer face, wide resting surface, diagonal inner face; nippled undersurface;wide, convex flaring wall; rounded lip. Glazed inside; upper third of exteriorwall glazed. Glaze fired red, peeling. Third to fourth quarter3rd century 177. Plate with offset rim P1. 19 C-70-518. P.L. 0.044, est. D. 0.18 m. One rim fragment. Slightly convex on upper surface;groovebefore rounded lip. Rim decorationof incised boxed rectangles,with X over rectangles.Originally glazed. A late West Slope design. See C-48-53 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 129, p. 40, pl. 45; well 1948-2). Fourth quarter 3rd century 178. Lid P1. 19 C-70-519. P.H. 0.028, est. D. 0.10 m. Three joining fragments;outer edge preserved;brokenbeforeknob. Descending slope of lid, with little convexity,to vertical flange, not inset. Interior reserved;exterior glazed, fired mostly red. Two deep grooveson lid, 0.015 m. apart. Between grooves, running pattern of eggs in raised clay with added-whiteinterior dots;between eggs, clustersof raised clay dots. Lid of similar shape but glazed inside, with similar grooves,decoratedwith West Slope patternof ivy chain: C-34-36, from South Stoa Shop I, unpublished.C-34-36 is probablyAttic; 178 is Corinthian. Late 3rd(?) century
70-27, MF 70-59, MF 70-64, MF 70-65. Lamp L 70-66. See R. H. Howland, The AthenianAgora,IV, GreekLampsand theirSurvivals,Princeton1958, nos. 401-405, pp. 93-94, pls. 14, 41, esp. no. 403. The Demeter lamp is neither Attic nor Corinthian,and certainlynot of blister-warefabric. 20 The absenceof moldmadebowls can not be used to help date the introduction that form of Hellenistic vessel, since other Helof lenistic material is also not present in the group, although certainlyin existence.
GROUP 10 179. Pyxis bowl P1. 19 C-70-566. H. 0.032, D. 0.054, D. resting surface 0.027 m. Slightly chipped. Gently concaveresting surface;straightflaringwall; vertical rim inset from horizontalflange abovewall; tapered lip. Wheel grooveson surface. Later 3rd century 180. Pyxis bowl Fig. 19, P1. 19 C-70-567. H. 0.023, D. 0.046, D. resting surface 0.029 m. Intact. Disk foot, lower wall than that of 179; slightly diagonal flange;verticalrim;taperedlip. Very unevendimensions; poor finish. 181 is the lid. Late 3rd century 181. Pyxis lid Fig. 19, P1. 19 C-70-568. H. 0.02, D. 0.048 m. One third of vertical flange missing. Lightly domed top with two central grooves, sloping to projecting rim; vertical flange set in from rim. Poorly thrown;poor finish. 181 is the lid of 180. Late 3rd century
105
182. Small hydria Fig. 1, P1. 19 C-70-212. H. 0.122, D. 0.073, D. foot 0.034 m. Intact. False ring foot;tall body;high, ovoid wall, mergingwith shoulder;tall, narrow concaveneck, flaring to triangular rim; two smeared-onside handles;round verticalhandle from shoulderto top of neck. Poor surfacefinish. Secondhalf 3rd century 183. Small hydria Fig. 1, P1. 19 C-70-213. H. 0.081, D. 0.058, D. foot 0.031 m. One slight chip from rim. Shape as 182; grooveon neck is accidental. Secondhalf 3rd century 184. Small hydria Fig. 1, P1. 19 C-70-214. P.H. 0.098, D. 0.072, D. foot 0.037 m. Rim and verticalhandle missing. Shape as above but with greater maximum diameter in relation to foot diameter and height of wall. Very poor surfacefinish. Late 3rd century
GROUP 10 (185-190)
Grid location L-M:28 Lot 6712 Pottery over the floor of room 2, Building L-M:28 (Ca) 4.25 kg. (0.7 kg. inventoried) kotylai and other drinkingvessels:0.4 kg. (18: 3 ray-basedkotylai, 7 semiglazed,2 plain; 5 late black-glazedskyphoi; 1 kantharos) bowls: 0.3 kg. (6: 1 echinus, 2 semiglazed, 1 conical,2 uncertain) saucersand plates:0.45 kg. (7: 3 saucers;2 fish plates, 1 offset-rimplate, 1 flat-rim plate) pyxides and lekanides:0.15 kg. (4: 2 powder pyxides; 1 lekanis lid, 1 stand) miscellaneousfine wares: 0.4 kg. (1 krater,2 Archaicoinochoai,2 aryballoi,2 "feeders", offeringtrays) 2 kalathiskoi:0.3 kg. (15: 3 flaring, 2 type 2, 10 type 3) Attic fabric:0.2 kg. (8 + ) coarseand cookingware: 2.05 kg. (1 amphorarim, 2 amphoratoes, 3 pitchers, 1 jar, 1 cookingpot, 2 lopades) Building L-M:28 is a dining-room complex on the Lower Terrace, built at the end of the 4th century after the earthquake(s) destroyed earlier dining rooms near by.21 The building has three rooms; room 2 is the main dining area with couches placed against the walls, accommodating eight diners. The whole complex measures 8.05 x 7.80 m. Room 2 is 4.65-4.88 x 4.67 m. The pottery of Group 10 represents the material on the floor of room 2, when the building went out of use in the mid-2nd century. The material was not sealed; fragments of three of the vessels were found in other levels of the complex.22
complex is discussedin Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 43, 1974, pp. 275-278, with fig. 4. 185:joining fragmentfrom lot 6713, layer 2 over floorin room2; anotherjoining fragmentfromlot 6715, layer 3 of same room. Both lots contain Roman material, of the early 1st century after Christ. 186:joining fragmentsfrom lots 6716, from room 3, floor level; 6719, room 1 over the cistern;and 6722, the upper fill of the same cistern (cistern 1971-1). See Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 43, 1974, p. 277, note 16. 188:joining fragmentfrom lot 6715.
21 The
22
106
The amount of pottery found on the floor is not great. The lot contains fragments of earlier material, including Classical black-glazed sherds, blister ware, and figurines. There is also one 5th-century outline
fragment,C-71-583 (not published). Only the latest material is includedhere, showing the kind of pottery used in the dining room duringthe Hellenistic period,up to the Mummian destruction.A coin of Philip V of
Macedon (220-178 B.C.) from the stratum confirms the use date of the building.23 of rectangles,interruptedby checkerboard red and white 185. Large echinus bowl Fig. 12 Each decorativezone dividedby grooves. squares. C-71-176. Joining fragments from lots 6713, 6715. Ca. 200 B.C. a) P.H. 0.058 m. Six joining fragments, preserving 188. Fish plate with beveledrim Fig. 16, PI. 20 parts of upper wall and lip. b) P.H. 0.05, est. D. lip C-71-177. Joining fragment from lot 6715. P.H. 0.19 m. One fragmentof upper wall and lip. 0.063, est. D. 0.19 m. Five joining fragmentsof upper Wide, convex flaring wall, turning in to tapered lip. wall, rim. Streaky glaze on interior;upper exterior wall glazed by Convex flaring wall; projectinghorizontalrim with dipping. Steep angle of ascent of wall. slightly convex upper face; rim set off from exterior Later 3rd century wall by groove. Central depression not preserved. Thin glaze on interior;exteriorwall glazed by dipping 186. Semiglazedbowl Fig. 12, P1.20 of upper half. C-71-181. Joining fragments from lots 6716, 6719, Identification as fish plate not secure; rim more 6722. H. 0.072, D. rim 0.157, D. foot 0.058 m. Many strongly articulated than rim of flat-rim plate. See joining fragments;completedin plaster. C-40-433 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 137, p. 42). Published:Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 43, 1974, Early 2nd century? pi. 59. 189. Flat-rim plate Fig. 16 low, convex Low, heavy ring foot; nippled undersurface; C-71-178. P.H. 0.102, est. D. 0.25-0.26 m. Fourjoinflaring wall with carination to concave rim; flaring taing fragmentsof upper wall, rim. Plaster restoration. pered lip. Glazed inside; bands on upper rim and shoulStraight flaring wall; horizontal rim slightly convex on der; glaze fired red, peeling. Foot not very contracted. Mid- or third quarter 3rd century upper face, set off from inner wall by groove. Lower break at beginning of turn to foot. Interior glazed; ex187. Conical bowl Fig. 12, P1.20 terior wall glazed by dipping on upper part. Wheel C-71-585. Restored height of whole 0.065 m. a) D. grooveson interior. No chronologyis yet discerniblefor the flat-rim plate. base 0.034 m. One fragmentof base of bowl. b) P.W. 0.04 m. One fragmentof lower wall. c) P.H. 0.07, est. Examples appear to be limited to the 2nd century. See CorinthVII, iii, pp. 37-38. of wall and lip. D. lip 0.18 m. Sevenjoining fragments d) P.W. 0.04 m. Two joining fragmentsof lip. PI. 20 190. Unflanged cookingpot Low ring foot articulatedfrom exterior wall by scraped C-71-180. P.H. 0.12, D. rim 0.11 m. Many joining groove; nippled undersurface;flaring wall only slightly fragments;plaster restoration.Part of wall, neck, all of rounded lip. Interior glazed, fired red (deliberrim preserved.Red cookingfabric;encrusted. convex; exterior glaze a thin black, peeling; only stain of ate?); Convex wall, probably globular profile, merging with addedwhite remaining. slightly concave neck, without strong articulation of Order of fragments and restored decoration estabshoulder;projectingrim with vertical straight face, flat lished by comparison with similar bowls: C-34-37 and on upper face; slight peaking of outer lip; attachmentof C-47-107 (CorinthVII, iii, nos. 532 and 536, pp. 91-92, one handle to rim preserved.Wheelmade. pls. 40, 55). In base of bowl, incised tendrils between Although not completely preserved, 190 differs from white petals. Lowest wall zone, white pendent the more usual profile of unflanged cooking pot by its (missing) dottedbuds with incised scallopsbelow. Middle zone, inmore articulated rim and lack of shoulder. As yet, 190 has no identifiableparallels. cised wavy tendrils. Zone at top of wall, incised boxed
23Coin 71-222. See Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 43, 1974, pp. 298, 302, no. 49.
GROUP 11
107
GROUP 11 (191-202)
Grid location M:16-17 Lot 3230 Fill in room 1 of Building M-N:16-17 (Northwest Stucco Building) 12.30 kg. (4.35 kg. inventoried) kratersand lekanai:0.75 kg. (10: 3 Archaic,3 plain, 1 West Slope; 3 lekanai) hydriai:0.1 kg. (1) oinochoai:0.25 kg. (10: 2 conical, 4 black figure, 2 Conventionalizing,2 ribbed) 4 kotylai and skyphoi:0.4 kg. (11: 6 Archaickotylai, 1 Conventionalizing; late black-glazedskyphoi) kantharoi:0.4 kg. (8: 1 moldedrim, 1 hexamilia, 4 cyma, 2 articulated) moldmaderelief bowls: 0.45 kg. (16 +) other bowls: 0.25 kg. (8: 2 echinus, 4 outturnedrims, 2 beveledrims) saucers:0.25 kg. (5) plates: 0.6 kg. (17: 1 Archaic,2 Conventionalizing,10 fish plates, 3 flat rim, 1 uncertain) pyxides:0.5 kg. (10: 1 Archaic,4 Conventionalizing,5 powder pyxides) miscellaneousfine wares: 0.25 kg. (6: 1 askos, 2 Archaicaryballoi, 1 thymiaterion,1 feeder, 1 handle) blister ware: 0.1 kg. (1 askos, 12 sherdsof aryballoi,lamp, oinochoai) piercedcylindricalvessels:0.15 kg. (2) unguentaria:0.45 kg. (6) kalathiskoi:0.4 kg. (13: 9 flaring, 1 type 3, 1 type 4, 2 handmade) miscellaneousvotives:0.8 kg. (27: 1 hydria, 2 oinochoai,4 jugs, 3 phialai, 1 cup, 9 bowls, 1 lid, 6 offeringtrays) Attic fabric:0.7 kg. (27) coarsewares: 0.25 kg. (6: 1 wall, 1 footedwall, 1 mortar, 1 thymiaterion,2 handles) cookingfabric:3.9 kg. (23: 2 pitchers, 5 flanged,2 unflangedcookingpots, 2 lekanai, 8 bowls, 1 lopas, 1 lid, 2 uncertain) lamps:0.4 kg. (6) stampedamphorahandles:0.95 kg. (3) The pottery of Group 11, as Group 10, comes from a dining-room complex. The amount is greater; over nine baskets were collected from the central area of the building.24 The complex measures 8.23 x 6.18 m., the first well-preserved dining room found in the excavations.25 Group 11 represents the end of the Greek period in the Demeter Sanctuary and the beginning of Roman control. Ten of the 12 inventoried vessels of this section are late Hellenistic debris from the dining room, destroyed in 146 B.C.Roman pottery, C-65-322 and C-65-323,26 indicates the filling in of the room over one hundred years later when there was a collapse of the south wall. There was a final collapse of the walls at an even later date. The context pottery also contained a good deal of earlier material, mixed in with the original debris (as did Group 10), and more was added later with the Roman packing. Two LC vases, a krater, 192, and a plate, 196, represent this earlier material. About half the material found in the context consists of terracotta figurines.27 Four tins of kalathiskoi were collected; numerous phialai, offering trays, and other votives were also found, and since repetitive, discarded. There is also a large amount of table ware, from all periods, suggestive of the meals served in this and other complexes: oinochoai, skyphoi, plates, bowls, etc. The complex was originally built in the later Classical period, with subsequent remodeling, and used until 146 B.C. It is thus not surprising to have such a long range of pottery, not only from use accumulation
24
Most of the pre-Hellenistic pottery was discarded. Only the more contemporary (Hellenistic and Roman), imported, or deco-
rated early material was retained. 25The building is describedby Bookidisin Stroud,Hesperia 37, 1968, pp. 315-317, pl. 96:N, Banquet Hall.
26
See Corinth XVIII, ii.
27
Figurines:MF 13422, MF 13432, MF 13436, MF 13456, MF 13464, MF 13465, MF 13505, MF 13507-MF 13509. There
are also stamped amphora handles: C-65-314, C-65-316, C-65-318, C-65-321, C-68-160; a sima, FS 988; and a poros molding, A 590.
108
I: CATALOGUE CONTEXTGROUPS
but also from filling. Probably, pottery was dumped periodically around the building and so was contained
within the earth shoveledinto the complex during the Roman clean-up. Three of the inventoriedexamples havejoining fragmentsfrom other lots in the building:fragmentsof 192 were found in lots 3220 and 3226,28 part of the unguentarium 201 comes from lot 3228,29 and fragments of the moldmade bowl 194 were
discovered in lot 3233.30 This context was fairly rich in fragments of Hellenistic moldmade relief bowls, although, unfortunately, most of the material was very fragmentary. To give an indication of the type of material, the descriptive sherds remaining in the context pottery have been numbered; the list, with the type of decoration, follows:
lot 3230:1 Poseidonand Amphitrite 2 Erotes and krater 3 trophies 4 pine cones 5 imbricate 6 imbricate 7 grapes and vines
191. Attic West Slope amphora
lot 3230:8 fronds 9 palmettes 10 two standingfigures 11 linear leaf 12 net 13 net 14 net
PI. 21 Recessedcentralmedallion;deep convexbowl;wall turning vertical before slightly flaring rim. Glazed overall; worn mold. Central medallion with one leaf preserved from a four-leaf design. On wall: imbricate pattern of small, pointed, veined leaves in ring around medallion; six long acanthus leaves (three preserved),with striated spines, laid radially to medallion;small, pointed, veined leaves covering rest of wall to border, not overlapping. Top of wall: two ridges with tendril between; slight groove0.02 m. below flaring rim. See CorinthVII, iii, pp. 158-159 for discussionof the decoration and C-1980-137 (Edwards, Hesperia 50, 1981, p. 197, pl. 45). First or early secondquarter2nd century 194. Moldmaderelief bowl: linear leaf PI. 21 C-65-565. Fragment b from lot 3233. a) P.H. 0.039, est. H. of whole 0.085 m. Four joining fragments of base and lower wall. b) P.H. 0.058, est. D. 0.13 m. One fragmentof wall and rim. Double-dippingstreak on b. Noted: Edwards,Hesperia 50, 1981, p. 198. Shape as 193. Central medallion; six-arm pinwheel. Wall: radially from base, four overlapping zones of six leaves;central line of leaves in first and third zones, second and fourth zones, is continuous;leaves of third zone with multiple divisions. Above leaves: band of eggs between ridges, ending 0.02 m. from rim. Thin brown-toblack glaze overall. No comparablepattern in CorinthVII, iii; 194 has a more complicated pattern than the linear bowls published therein. Secondquarter2nd century
C-65-486. P.H. 0.104 m. Five joining fragments;part of shoulder,neck, handle preserved. Sloping shoulder;short, concaveneck offset from shoulder by two grooves;broad, flat vertical handle attached below flare of neck to rim. Black glaze overall, thin and peeling. On shoulder: boxed rectangles with X across, at stoppedby checkerboard left in blackand addedwhite. On neck: bow end of a garland in added white, now peeled. On handle: satyr-head mask in place of usual twisted form of handle. See Thompson, Hesperia 3, 1934, p. 375, no. D26, fig. 60. Mid-2nd centuryor later 192. Red-groundkrater P1.21 C-65-563. Joining fragments from M:16 and L:18; lots 3226, 3220. P.H. 0.044, P.W. 0.136 m. Three joining fragmentsfrom wall. Convex wall of large krater. Interior glazed. Exterior: black lower wall; reservedband with thin added-redline above (for ground of figure zone). Figure zone covered with buff-orange wash. Legs and lower skirts of nine women preserved,moving right, in chain dance. Lower skirt in outline technique, central brown fold, edge of overfallat top break,some figureswith addedred in dress or with borderof overfalldecoratedwith incised running zigzags or maeanders. Late Corinthian (very late) 193. Moldmade relief bowl: imbricate Fig. 14, PI. 21 C-68-280. H. 0.075-0.08, est. D. 0.14 m. Many joining fragments;full profile;plaster restoration. Published:Bookidis,Hesperia 38, 1969, pl. 79:c.
28
Lot 3220: fill north of Building M: 17-18; lot 3226: test through the center of the building. 3226 contains Roman material.
29 Lot 3228: post-destruction fill, without
any Roman materialdiscernible. 30Lot 3233: fill under the potteryof this group.
GROUP 11 195. Saucer Fig. 15 C-65-568. H. 0.035, est. D. 0.142-0.145, est. D. foot 0.054 m. Five joining fragments;one fourthpreserved, completeprofile of wall; centerof floor missing. Heavy ring foot;wide resting surface;diagonalinner face of foot; low convex wall with change of directionat midwall, turning up to roundedlip. Interiorglazed;exterior glazed by dipping on top of wall only; drip on undersurface. Glaze peeling; poor finish. Early 2nd century 196. Figured plate P1.21 C-65-514. Max. dim. 0.086, est. D. floor 0.18 m. One fragmentof floor and foot. Single ring foot, broken at beginning of rim. Undersurface:two outer glaze bands, secondrunning into glaze on foot, traces of addedpurple on it. Floor:outer band with added purple; horse and rider moving left; traces of purple on horse'sface and body,rider'sbody;staff or goad in rider's hand. F.o.: incised star. Limited incision; thin proportions.Polished surface of floor;glaze fired mostly red. Late Corinthian 197. Flat-rim plate Fig. 16, PI. 21 C-65-490. H. 0.065, est. D. 0.22, D. foot 0.062 m. Five joining fragments;vertical wall profile complete; centerof floor missing. Published: Bookidis, Hesperia 38, 1969, pi. 79:d, left. Wide ring foot of narrowdiameter;tall diagonalwall beginning slightly convex and turning slightly concavebefore flaring rim; rim flat on top, offset by groove from upper wall. Interior glazed; upper exterior wall glazed by dipping. Glaze mostly peeled. 2nd century P1.21 198. Fish plate D. 0.20 m. Three joining C-65-566. P.L. 0.089, est. fragments from wall and rim. Soft, lightly micaceous clay: 7.5YR 7/6 (reddishyellow) core. Flaring wall slightly convex, set off by ridge from overhanging rim; rim convex on upper face; rounded lip. Thin gray wash on both surfaces,peeling. Profile of 198 resembles C-63-737 (Corinth VII, iii, no. 131, p. 41, pls. 5, 46), a local version of the Attic heavy-rimmedfish plate; but the latter has a groovebetween the wall and rim, and the rim is more pronounced
109
in its overhang. 198 is neither Attic nor Corinthian;see discussionof fabricand profile, p. 52. 2nd century? 199. Spoutedaskos P1.21 C-65-320. P.L. body 0.09 m. Three joining fragments from upper part of vessel;plaster restoration. Upper part of biconical body;central vertical handle or knob with peaked top; most of one of the two diagonal spouts whose outer edges are continuouswith the lower half of biconicalbody. Groovearoundupper body;flange around center of body, visible at lower break;groovebefore flange. Glaze inside upper part of spout and over exterior. For a complete example: C-47-899, from South Stoa Well VII, unpublished(well 1933-3). 2nd century? 200. Blister-wareduck askos C-65-564. P.L. 0.042 m. One fragment from end of body, beginningof tail. Tail orientedsideways,curling from roundedwall of askos. On upper surface:incised chevronsand horizontal chain of S-spirals. For more completeexample:C-60-68 (Corinth VII, iii, no. 776, p. 149, pl. 64); see also 98, Group 6. Last quarter4th century 201. Unguentarium P1.21 from M:18, lot 3228. C-65-567. Joining fragment P.H. 0.17 m. Two joining fragments; base, part of wall preservedto shoulder. Fine micaceousclay: 5YR 6/4 (light reddishbrown) core. False ring foot, deeply concavebeneath;high ovoid wall, beginning as stem inset from foot; maximum diameter creating shoulder, contractingto missing neck. Exterior surface originally polished; interior black glazed; three horizontalstreakybands on shoulder.Imported. See discussionof shape and fabric,p. 56. Later Hellenistic? P1.21 202. Pyxis lid C-65-489. H. 0.038, D. 0.084 m. Six joining fragments;full profile;part of flange missing. Domed lid; two grooves near center, two at outer edge, more resembling wheel grooves than added decoration; projectingrim; slightly inset verticalflange. No glaze. Early 2nd century
CATALOGUE 1I (203-681): FABRIC AND DECORATION

DECORATED FINE WARES
CORINTHIAN BLACK FIGURE (203-274)
The 79 inventoried examples (72 in this section; 5 in Group 2 and 2 in Group 11 above) represent the varied quality of the Corinthian figured vases in the later 7th and 6th centuries. They do not statistically represent
the wealth of decoratedvases. There are hundreds more fragments,mostly from kotylai and pyxides (or with only the stain of the oinochoai)which could not be inventoried.The sherdsare small and disintegrating, original designs remaining. They are also, for the most part, examples of the hasty work producedin the later MC and LC periods. Very few artists of the first rank are representedby vases from the Sanctuary.Curiously,five plates from
the Workshop of the Chimaera Painter were found (26 in Group 2 and 238-241). Other artists are the Royal Library Painter (223), the Samos Group (221, 224), the Lion Group (249), the Heraldic Lions Painter (265), the Patras Painter (225, 226), and the Geladakis Painter (214). But many of the fragments were not easily attributed to the well-known and distinctive hands of the MC and LC periods. One might hypothesize that those hands produced more expensive vases; the average visitor to the Sanctuary could only
afforda less expensive work.

Statistics for the figured shapes generally correspond to those for the non-figured: mostly kotylai, plates, pyxides, some kraters and oinochoai. Conspicuously absent are alabastra, and almost as scarce are aryballoi.
Five of the latter are published here (249-253); the context potterycontainsonly a few additionalmouths,
one fragment of a Warrior type, a few in black-and-white style. Figured bowls are also rarities, although
there are great numbersof fragmentarycoarse-warebowls and later, fine-ware lekanides.Figured phialai,
rare in any case, do not match their plain counterparts. Figured kraters, especially of the LC period, may
have been too expensive;there are many fragmentsof black-glazedand plain kratersand lekanai that were
sufficient for the needs of the 6th-century drinkers. 205, with its simple dolphin, is the best of the Sanctuary
examples;the others, with very carelessanimal scenes,are representedby 206. 207 and 208, probablyfrom the same vase, represent a very small but well-decoratedkrater. Narrative scenes are quite scarce in all
shapes. Six vases show chains of dancing women (192 of Group 11; 215, 217, 226, 227, and 235).
There is very little PC and almost as little EC. The Sanctuarycertainlywas in existencein the 7th century (see Group 1), but it experienced its major growth in the 6th century, when the first architectural remains are discernible.The numbersof MC and LC fragmentsfrom Room R:23-24 (Room D, Group 2
and lots 1985, 1988, 1989, 1991) testify to the expansion. There are slightly more MC than LC entries in this section. This has no statistical significance: many of the LC sherds were too poorly preserved or decorated to warrant publication. It must be stressed that the published pieces give a somewhat distorted view of the Corinthian black figure from the Sanctuary. All the figured fragments (of this and all other decorated styles) were extracted from the context pottery over the years and repeatedly examined for joins. A few (226, 255, etc.) show some success in
this effort, but most of the work was fruitless.Too much is still missing;the greatvolumeof materialmade it
possible to isolate only the best preserved and most distinctive fragments. P. Lawrence helped greatly with the material of the Chimaera Painter and related hands. Most of the attributions are by D. A. Amyx; where the author ventured an ascription, Amyx checked it. All scholars who work with Corinthian vases are in his debt. P1.22 203. Red-groundhydria C-61-175. P:24-25; lot 875 (second half 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.044, p.W. 0.048 m. One fragment of upper wall, beginning of shoulder. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 5:b, left. Convexwall, offset from sloping shoulder.From a closed vessel, probably a hydria. Interior reserved. Exterior with buff slip. Wall: woman to right, left hand out with palm up, right holding reins of horse. Face and arms in added white over black; incised contourof figure except
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION fragment from top of wall, neck, rim; scar of handle attachmentto rim at left break. High ovoid wall; low, slightly concave neck; projecting square rim with vertical outer face, flat upper face, undercutbelow. Interiorglazed (red) and peeling;traces of added-purple bands. Exterior with animal frieze at break:pantherhead;incisedrosette.Aboveanimal frieze, three bands of black, added purple, black; vertical lines rising from top band enclosing tongues alternately of black and added purple. Band at top of wall; neck with added purple. Outer face of rim with black stepped zigzag; top of rim with black S-maeander between black lines. 207 and 208 are probablyfrom the same krater. Late Corinthian PI. 22 208. Krater C-65-451. 0:18; lot 4349 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.047, p.W. 0.034 m. One fragmentof wall. See 207. Interiorwith red glaze as 207. Exterior:Pairs of narrowbandsof blackand addedpurple aboveand below wide band. Animal frieze:body and rear legs of lioness to left; addedpurple on belly, ribs. F.o.: dottedcirclerosette, incisedblob, dots. Quality of fabric,colorof glaze, type of incision similar to 207. Late Corinthian 209. Red-groundkrater P1.22 C-64-411. O-P:18-20; lot 2150 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.029, p.W. 0.072 m. Two joining fragmentsof wall. Convex wall. Interior glazed, peeling. Buff wash on exterior. Chest and neck of black horse;incised reins;muzzle of horse'shead at left of rider. Lower break:back of a white horse, black mane at right break, with rider. Boy poorlyincised,holds a thin spear. Traces of addedpurple on neck of black horse. Late Corinthian P1.22 210. Conical oinochoe C-62-761. R:23-24; lot 1989 (later 6th century).P.H. 0.049 m. One fragmentof shoulderand neck. Shoulder: crosshatching around diamond; three lines; umbrellapattern. Neck: three lines; dottedcrosshatching set off by vertical lines; three lines; file of water birds to left; two lines at upper break. ProbablyLate Protocorinthian 211. Conicaloinochoe Fig. 26, P1.22 C-64-216. N:26; lot 2074 (mid- to third quarter 5th century). P.H. 0.09, D. 0.025 m. One fragmentof tall neck. Burnt;most of color gone. Beginning of outward flare of shoulder preserved at lower break; beginning of mouth at upper break. Area
face and left hand;pupil of eye in addedred;eye, ear, and brow outlined in fine black line; added-redstrandshanging from added-red band in hair; dress in added red. Horse behind woman;mane in addedred. Above figures, black line at shoulder; feet and tail of bird to right on shoulder;addedred on bird's body. Late Corinthian 204. Kraterhandle-plate PI. 22
C-65-445. P:26; lot 4408 (5th century). L. (edges preserved)0.115, p.W. 0.067 m. Three joining fragments; brokenat handle attachment. Bearded head to left; wavy incision for hair, turning directly into beard; four straight incisions for nose and mouth. Addedpurple on facejust below hair line. Line of glaze at outer edge of undersurface and along sides. Glaze thin, mostly peeled. Middle Corinthian 205. Krater PI. 22
C-61-414. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century).P.L. 0.11, p.W. 0.093 m. Four joining fragmentsof upper wall. High ovoid wall, broken above at turn to neck. Interior glazed; added-purple band at upper break. Exterior: Wide black zone on lower wall; possible added-purple line at top. Dolphin to left, incised along lower body; three incised curving lines separating head from body; added purple between lines. F.o. of incised rosette with double circle. Middle Corinthian 206. Krater PI. 22 C-62-946. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). a) P.H. 0.103, p.W. 0.101 m. Five joining fragments;part of wall, scar of one handle root preserved.b) P.H. 0.09, p.W. 0.15 m. Six joining fragmentsfrom lower wall. a. Reserved zone of lower wall at bottom break; wide zone of black;two pairs of added-purplelines at bottom and center of black zone; two of added white and one of added purple at top of zone. Bird or siren to left; added purple on alternate wing sections, tail. Black around handle root. Bird to right; no added purple preserved. Black band at top break. Interior glazed; added-purple band at top break. b. Reservedzone and black zone as fragmenta. At bottom of black,addedwhite bands not preservedon a: other bands as a. Bottomof bird'stail; interioras a. Late Corinthian 207. Krater PI. 22 C-64-430. O-P:18-20; lot 2150 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.057, est. D. 0.138 m. One
DECORATED FINE WARES: CORINTHIAN BLACK FIGURE
113
211
213
FIG.26. Corinthianblack-figuredoinochoai.Scale 1:1
behind handle reserved. On neck: zones of wavy lines above and below figuredzone, set off below and aboveby three horizontal lines. Figured zone: potnia theron to right, with outstretched sickle wings, holding longneckedbirds by necks. F.o.: incised rosettesand dots. See C-35-27 (CorinthVII, i, no. 199, p. 58, pl. 28). Early Corinthian 212. Broad-bottomed oinochoe PI. 22
snake. Body of snake with incised circles;spiral on face; forked tongue coming from mouth; bearded. Probably part of symmetricalgroup of sphinx-snake-sphinx. Middle Corinthian? 214. Olpe P1.22 C-72-196. M:17-18, M:16-17; lots 3222 (first half 3rd century after Christ) and 3226 (lst century after Christ). a) P.H. 0.07, p.W. 0.076 m. Lower wall fragment.b) P.H. 0.091, p.W. 0.068 m. Three joining fragmentsof wall. c) P.H. 0.068, p.W. 0.066 m. Two joining fragmentsof wall. Interiorwheel ridged.Glaze thin and brown. a. Tips of rays; wide band between rays and animal frieze, possibly with added-white and added-purple lines. Animal frieze:grazing goat to right; forepaws and chest of feline to left. Addedpurple on feline chest. b. Two animal friezes separatedby glaze band with added white-purple-white on it. At lower break, top of band of fragmenta. Lower animal frieze: rear legs and bodyof feline to right, addedpurple on flanks,belly. Upper animal frieze: tail, body, feet of bird to right; added purple on wing. c. Two animal friezes separatedby glaze band as b. Lower animal frieze: tails and backs of animals. Upper animal frieze: forelegs and one back paw, body of feline to left; added purple on shoulder. F.o.: incised rosettes, incisedblobs, many small dots. Strongbold drawing. Geladakis Painter, fairly late (Amyx). See Amyx, CorVP,A-39 bis, p. 322. Middle Corinthian
C-71-569. M:23; lot 6829 (late 6th century). P.H. 0.064, p.W. 0.063 m. Two joining fragmentsof shoulder and wall. Wall verticalat lower break,turning into convex sloping shoulder. Interior unglazed. Lower animal frieze:goat's ear and horn, lowered neck, to left. Blackbands, separated by zone of dicing. Upper animal frieze: crouching sphinx to left; wing of bird or siren. Traces of addedpurple on upper area of wing, goat's neck. F.o.: incised rosettes, incised blobs, many dots. 212 could also be from a large convex pyxis. Middle Corinthian 213. Oinochoe Fig. 26, P1.22 C-62-938. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H. 0.051, p.W. 0.07 m. One fragmentfrom convexshoulder of large oinochoe, either high ovoid or broad-bottomed type.
At top break,beginningof upward turn to neck;at top of inner wall traceof glaze. Glaze mostlypeeled on exterior. Animal frieze:head and shoulderof sphinx or sirenfacing
114
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION skirts;two of four hands hold branches.F.o.: incised rosettes and blobs,plain dots, closely set. Band of dicing. Lip black. Glaze almost gone, incision thin. For the shape see Jucker (footnote205 above, p. 63), pl. 19:1. Middle Corinthian PI. 23 216. Pyxis-kalathos C-62-731. R:23-24; lot 1988 (late 6th century). P.H. 0.038, p.W. 0.046 m. One fragment of upper wall, rim. Concavewall; outwardprojectingtriangularrim;peaked lip. Interior:Wide bands of peeling glaze on wall; traces of added purple at top. Exterior: Black band at lower break;wide band of black with added purple; silhouette bird between vertical wavy lines. Upper wall and rim with black bands. For the shape:PerachoraII, pp. 166167. Early or Middle Corinthian 217. Pyxis-kalathos Fig. 28, PI. 23 C-61-279. P-Q:24, P:21-22; lots 896 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ), 73-130 (late 6th century). H. 0.128, est. D. 0.19, est. D. resting surface0.15 m. Five joining fragments;full vertical profile; floor missing; about one third preserved. Concaveundersurface, foot;bevel at base of wall; conno cave wall; heavy flaring triangular rim; peaked lip. Traces of glaze on interior wall; reserved band below rim. Exterior:Bevel and rim glazed;band of dicing;lowest register:chain of dancing women to right, nine preserved;dicing;middle register:two antitheticallions; top register:back and hindquartersof bull or goat to left, lion to right, bull to right. F.o.: incised blobs, plain dots. Proportionsof animals compact.In all zones, heads go over glaze bands. Glaze thin, brown, mostly peeling. Early Corinthian PI. 23 218. Pyxis-kalathos C-65-446. O-P:21; lot 4363 (late Roman). P.H. 0.048, p.W. 0.06, est. D. 0.155 m. One fragment of upper wall, rim. Shape as 217; rim with three grooveson upper face. Interior: Wide black band on wall, traces of added purple and black on rim. Exterior:Sphinx to right facing palmette. Added purple on wings, face, polos, calyx, and palmetteleaves. F.o.: incised and plain dots. Added-purple band, zone of dicing above figure zone; black band under rim. Middle Corinthian PI. 23 219. Pyxis-kalathos C-65-447. Grid O-P:21; lot 4363 (late Roman). P.H. 0.034, est. D. 0.095 m. One fragmentof wall, rim.
FIG.27. Corinthianblack-figuredbottle 215. Scale 1:1
215. Bottle Figs. 21, 27, Pl. 23 C-64-223. P-Q:20-22; lot 2156 (4th century after Christ, Byzantine). P.H. 0.118, D. neck 0.031 m. Five joining fragmentsfrom shoulder,neck. Long sloping shoulder turning without articulation to tall cylindrical neck; flat lip; suspension holes at top of neck. Interior unglazed; wheel ridged. Exterior with three figure zones extant. Below: top of palmette; head and wing of sphinx to left; right figure unclear,probably woman to right in long cloak. Band of S-maeander.Middle zone: two antithetical sphinxes with palmette between; added purple on chests, faces, wings, center of palmette. Band of dicing. Top zone: chain dance with four women preserved,moving right;no discernibleadded white on bodies;addedpurple on upper dresses,lower
115
FIG. 28. Corinthianblack-figuredpyxis-kalathos217. Scale 1:2
Straight, not concave, wall; flaring triangular rim, rounded on upper face. Interior: Bands of glaze, added purple on one. Exterior: Horse race to right; nose of horse at left break; horse and rider, rider with staff or goad; flanks of third horse at right break. Added purple on chest and face of rider. Bands of glaze above figure zone and on undersideof rim; S-maeanderon upper face of rim. Glaze fired mostly red. Late Corinthian? 220. Kotyle with narrativescene Fig. 29, P1.23 C-62-940. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). P.H. 0.034, p.W. 0.035 m. One fragmentof upper wall, lip. Interior glazed, peeled. Exterior:At left break, diagonal spear or trainer's staff (?); boxer to right, brokenbelow genitals, bearded, fillet in hair, raised right arm behind with strapped hand, left arm extended. At right break, the rim, upper bowl, and ring handle of tripod; object abovetripodat breakpossiblyanotherstrappedhand (although spacing in relation to tripod and preservedboxer problematic).Fine controlleddrawing, precise incision. Middle Corinthian P1.23 221. Kotyle with narrativescene C-62-367(a), C-62-368(b), C-62-841(c). P-Q:24-25, R:23-24, P:23-24; lots 893 (first quarter4th century), 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.), 1993 (mid-4th century). a) P.H.
0.032, p.W. 0.056 m. Two joining wall fragments. b) P.H. 0.025, p.W. 0.021 m. One wall fragment. c) P.H. 0.035, p.W. 0.034 m. One wall fragment. Interior glazed (brown), cracking, trace of one addedpurple band. a. Two horses galloping right, near one in outline, far one in brown, legs of ridervisible at left break.This team overlapsa single brown horse, with lower torso and legs of its rider preserved.Horses' bodies tubular;very elongated legs. Thin diagonal brown lines at right break, under horses'forelegs. b. Heads of a pair of horses,near one brown,far one in outline. Curvingbrown line for back of outline horse, in front of other horses'heads, its riderwith raisedarm and hand holding spear at right. c. Unclear. Cart or platformat lower right, with added purple at lower edge, poles and yoke(?) extendingto left, reins(?) above. Object at top break not elbow of raised arm, too thin in comparisonwith arm of b. Object at right on platform, half silhouette, half coursed masonry(?) in outline. Neat drawing and incision. Samos Group, unattributed (Amyx). See Amyx, CorVP, no. 6, p. 192. Middle Corinthian 222. Kotyle with narrativescene Fig. 29, PI. 23 C-62-733. R:23-24; lot 1988 (late 6th century). P.H. 0.046, p.W. 0.053 m. One fragmentof upper wall, lip.
116
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION
220 222
FIG. 29. Corinthianblack-figuredkotylai. Scale 1:1
227
Interiorwith streakyglaze;added-purplebandbelow lip. Exterior: Brown bands below lip. At left break, horse's head, bowed to right. Woman facing horse: face, neck, shoulder, arms, hair fillet preserved.Her face and arms are in outline; black hair, added purple on dress; both arms extendedto horse;both hands are right hands, with long fingers. Incisedornamentin field betweenhorse and woman. Middle Corinthian? 223. P1.23 Kotyle C-62-304. O-R:23-24; lot 1955 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.043, p.W. 0.028 m. One lower wall fragment. Interior glazed thin brown. Exterior:Tips of rays; neat band of dicing; thin ground line. Rear legs and belly of feline to right;addedpurple on belly, thighs. F.o.: incised rosettes,two with double circles;dots. Royal Library Painter. See Amyx, CorVP, no. A-17, p. 127. Early Corinthian 224. P1.23 Kotyle C-65-459. P:21; lot 4370 (mid-6th century). P.H. 0.062, est. D. lip 0.134 m. Sevenjoining fragmentsof wall, lip. Interior glazed thin black; reservedband at top of wall. Exterior:Lower wall black;two black bands above. Upper wall: two heraldicroostersfacing enscrolledpalmette and lotus. Extensive use of addedpurple on roostersand palmette. No f.o. Black band below lip. Samos Group (Amyx). Same hand as NC, no. 953
(Berlin 3925) and Isthmia, IP 1289 (fragment). See Amyx, CorVP, no. B-2, p. 191. Middle Corinthian PI. 23 225. Kotyle C-62-371. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H. 0.078, p.W. 0.081 m. One wall fragment. Interior glazed streaky brown. Exterior: Tips of rays; three brown bands;animal frieze:feline to left with elongated body;two front legs, one back paw preserved;added purple in ribs. Large f.o.: incised rosettes;"bowties"; dots. Patras Painter. See Amyx, CorVP, no. A-50, p. 188. For the painter, see Corinth VII, ii, pp. 38-40, list of vases. Middle Corinthian PI. 23 226. Kotyle lots 877 C-61-463. P:24, P-Q:20-22, O-P:22-23; (early 3rd century), 2156 (4th century after Christ, Byzantine), 4352 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.065, est. D. lip 0.18 m. Three joining fragmentsof upper wall, lip. Interior glazed streaky brown orange; reservedband at top of wall. Exterior:Head of woman wearing polos, under handle; arms extended, holding wreath (at bottom right break);part of chain dance. Large crowdedf.o.: incised rosettes with circle; incised blobs, "bow ties", etc. No tracesof addedcolor. Late Patras Painter. See Amyx, CorVP, no. A-31, p. 187. Late Middle Corinthianto Late Corinthian
DECORATED FINE WARES: CORINTHIAN BLACK FIGURE 227. Kotyle Fig. 29, PI. 23 C-65-520. O-P:22-23; lot 4356 (late 4th century). P.H. 0.049, p.W. 0.06 m. One wall fragment. Interior black with two added-purplebands. Exterior: Head and upper body of a woman, part of a chain dance; curly hair, high ear, fat chin; traces of added purple on dress. Crowdedf.o.: dots, incised blobs. Not the Patras Painter. For similar but cruder work see CVA, Bibl. Nat. 1 [France 7], inv. no. 4839, pls. 15 [299]:19 and 22, 16 [300]:1. Middle Corinthian 228. Kotyle P1. 23 C-62-947. R:23-24, P-Q:25; lots 1988 (late 6th century), 73-141 (third quarter 5th century). P.H. 0.073, p.W. 0.117 m. Four joining fragmentsof wall. Interior black; two added-redbands. Exterior: Tips of rays; three bands of black, added red, black. Animal frieze: bird or siren with outstretchedwing, long tail, long feet. Addedred and white on alternatetail feathers, added red on section before feathers, on horizontal section of wing. Dense f.o.: incised rosettes (one with circles), X-blobs, dots. Very thick, heavy style, long proportions, much angular incision. Middle Corinthian 229. Kotyle P1.24 C-62-872. P-Q:24; lots 896 (second half 4th century after Christ), 897 (mid-4th century), 898 (ca. 500 B.c.), 2003 (mid-5th century). a) P.H. 0.13, p.W. 0.155. Five joining fragments of wall, lip. b) P.H. 0.064, p.W. 0.095 m. Four joining fragmentsof wall. c) P.H. 0.043, p.W. 0.054 m. One fragmentof lower wall; joins b at lower right in very narrow area. Interiorblack;two added-purplebands at midwall. a. Tips of elongated rays; two black bands. Animal frieze: rear legs of animal to left; tail, lower body, legs of bird to right;legs, tail, bodyof feline to right. Addedpurple on feline. F.o.: incised rosettes,"bowties",plain dots. Handle zone: verticalwavy lines between black bands. b. Animal frieze: forelegs, neck, head of goat to right. Added purple on neck, dots on second leg. Right break: tip of tail. Tips of rays, two bands as fragmenta. c. Tail and rump of animal to right (end of tail at right breakon b). Seconddivisionof hindquarterswith addedpurple dots; other areas with solid purple. Interesting, distinctive artist who likes large areas of purple; loose curvilinearincision, rubberyfeet, scatteredf.o. Middle Corinthian P1.24 230. Kotyle C-62-364. R:23-24, Q:26; lots 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.), 1991 (late 6th century), 2230 (late 5th century). P.H. 0.052, p.W. 0.065 m. Three joining fragmentsof wall.
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Interior brown. Exterior: Double row of rays; three brown bands. Animal frieze: bird between long-chinned (or bearded?)sirens. Addedpurple on neck and cheek of right one. F.o.: incised rosettes with circle, incised and plain dots. Two brownbandsabove.Small style, not delicate. Minimal, rather careless incision. Popular MC lower-wall design; see CVA, Louvre 6 [France 9], inv. no. N 3103, pl. 6 [390]:22-24. Middle Corinthian 231. Kotyle P1.24 C-65-526. P:26, N:21; lots 2046 (late 5th century), 4408 (5th century),4450 (4th century). a) P.H. 0.08, est. D. lip 0.14 m. Two joining fragmentsof wall, lip, handle. b) P.H. 0.041, p.W. 0.05 m. One wall fragment. a. Tall wall, slight incurve to lip; loop handle. Interior black; two added-purplebands at midwall, two below lip. Exterior: Tips of rays; two black bands. Animal frieze: panther head at left break; bird to right; addedpurple and added-white tail feathers; added purple on body, purple dots on chest and neck. At right, volutesof a scrollpalmette.F.o.: dotsof varyingsizes, X-blobs;added purple on some. Added-purpleand black bands below handle;vertical wavy lines in handle zone; outer handle black;addedpurple at lip. b. Blackbandat lower break.Pantherto left. F.o.: dots and X-blobs. Rather gaudy flavor, incision often imprecise, compactproportions. Middle Corinthian? PI. 24 232. Kotyle C-65-457. O-P:22-23; lot 4352 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.079, est. D. lip 0.14 m. One fragment of wall, lip. Tall wall, strong inturn to lip. Interior black; lip reserved. Exterior: Black with added red at lower break; two black bands. Animal frieze: volute lotus and palmette; sphinx to left (with second one originally left of palmette). Added purple on palmette and lotus, on neck and body of sphinx. F.o.: one incised blob; dots. Black bands below lip. Poor drawing and incision, rough style. Late Kotylai, descendedfrom Samos Group (Amyx): Amyx, CorVP,no. 5, p. 250. Late Corinthian PI. 24 233. Kotyle C-62-692. R:23-24, Q:20-22, Q:26; lots 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.), 1988 (late 6th century), 2088 (second half 4th century after Christ), 73-137 (first quarter 5th century).a) P.H. 0.075, est. D. lip 0.11 m. Sevenjoining fragments of wall, lip, handle roots. b) P.H. 0.02 m. One fragmentof upper wall. c) P.H. 0.031 m. Two joining fragments of upper wall, lip. d) P.H. 0.031 m. One fragmentof upper wall.
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 236. Lekanoidbowl Fig. 30, P1.24 C-62-939. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H. 0.077, est. D. rim 0.25 m. Four joining fragmentsof upper wall, rim. Deep convex flaring wall; offset rim flaring diagonally; roundedinner flange. Rim, flange, top 0.025 m. of inner wall reserved;glaze below on inner wall. Exterior with parts of two figuredzones. Lower animal frieze:panther head; ear and back of second animal to left. Upper animal frieze: panther to right; griffin with outstretched wings to right. F.o.: incisedblob rosettes;dots. Two glaze bandsabove;black Z-maeanderbelow rim. Glaze peeled. Middle Corinthianor Late Corinthian 237. Coarse-warefiguredbowl Fig. 12, PI. 24 C-65-442. P:26, N:22, Q:26; lots 2012 (early 5th century), 4408 (5th century),4461 (late 4th century), 73137 (first quarter 5th century). a) P.H. 0.068, est. D. rim 0.235 m. One fragmentof upper wall rim. b) P.H. 0.081 m. Three joining fragmentsof wall, rim. c) P.H. 0.038 m. One fragmentof lower wall. Corinthianclay with inclusions;glaze fired red and black;no slip. Wide convex flaring wall; heavy folded rim with vertical outer face, flat top. Vertical rim face: opposing triangles alternatelypainted and stamped. Flat rim face with S-maeander. a (not illustrated). Interior:Three glaze bands below (limiting floor tondo);enclosedtongues above;two bands at top of bowl. Exterior:Animal frieze with bird's wing at break;bull to right. Silhouettef.o. of star, dots, loops. b. Interior:Bands and tongues as a. Tondo: figure to right, right arm in front of body, hand and wing overlapping inner band. Exterior: Glaze below. Animal frieze:hindquartersof feline to left; boar to right. c (not illustrated). Interior:Two inner bands;beginning of tondo design, unclear. Exterior:Long snout and open mouth of animal to right; raised forelegs of animal galloping to left; beginningof body at right break. Such decoratedcoarse-warefabric is rare, but the figure style and stampeddesign are Corinthian. Late Corinthianor later 238. Plate Fig. 16, PI. 25 C-69-185. Lot 6215, stairway cuts (6th century after Christ). H. 0.019, est. D. rim 0.27, est. D. foot 0.21 m. Many joining, fragments; parts of floor and rim restoredin plaster. Double ring foot; flaring convex rim with groove before rounded lip; one suspension hole preserved.Undersurface:Three wide concentricblackbands;addedpurple on feet; lip originally black and added-purplebands. Floor: Two heraldic lions, bodies turned out, heads turned to
Tall wall with inturn to lip; small loop handle. Interior brown and peeling. a. Rays, runningthroughbrown bandto animal frieze. Wide band with addedpurple at edges;two brown lines. Animal frieze: three sphinxes wearing poloi; body of one under handle to left, two othersto right. Patchesof added purple scattered on bodies. Wormy f.o., sometimes incised. Added-purpleband at lip; handle black. b. Face of sphinx to right. c. Face of sphinx at left break;body and wing of second at right;both facing right. d. Body of sphinx to right. Incision and added purple often miss intendedarea. Long proportions;tails are whalelike. VermicularPainter (Amyx). See Amyx, CorVP,no. 2, p. 249. For the painter see Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 42, 1973, p. 14, under no. 15. Late Corinthian,very late 234. Cup with offset rim P1.24 C-62-365. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). P.H. 0.078 m. One fragmentof wall, rim. Wide convex flaring wall; thin flaring offset rim; tapered lip. Interior black; one wide added-purpleband at midwall; top of inner rim reserved.Exterior:Two wide black bands; two diluted lines above each band. Upper wall: bird with turned-backhead;addedpurple on neck, center of body. Line below rim; exterior rim reserved. Fragments of only five additional bird cups in the context pottery. See Boardmanand Hayes, TocraI, group III, no. 292, p. 36. Late Middle Corinthianor Late Corinthian P1.24 235. Phiale C-62-730. R:23-24; lots 1988 (late 6th century),2217 (early 4th century). a) Max. dim. 0.044, est. D. lip 0.09 m. One fragment of bowl, lip. b) Max. dim. 0.022 m. One fragmentof bowl. Flaring convex wall turning verticalto roundedlip. a. Exterior:Two brown bands at top of wall. Interior: Vertical rows of dots, alternating with dot rosettes; added-purple band; group of six vertical lines; brown band; zone of dancing women (three preserved),moving left, in silhouette. F.o.: hailstones. Two added-purple and brown bands above figure zone; dots on lip. Added purple over glaze. b. One dancerpreserved;arm of second;top of vertical lines below figure zone. See Perachora II, no. 2569, pl. 109, for similar example. Late Corinthian
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/0-100,~~~~~~~~~~?l-
FIG 30 Corinthianblack-figuredlekanoidbowl 236 Scale 11
FIG.30. Corinthianblack-figuredlekanoidbowl 236. Scale 1:1
center, tails intertwined.Left-hand lion with one foreleg against tondo border, one on rim; right-hand lion originally in same pose. Squared-off ruff; big heart-shaped ear. Added purple on neck. F.o.: neatly incised rosettes, one with double circles. By the Chimaera Painter. See Amyx, CorVP, no. A-17, p. 169; Lawrence (under 26), pl. 87, fig. 4. Middle Corinthian P1.25 239. Plate C-62-762. R:23-24, 0:25, P-Q:22-23; lots 1989 (later 6th century),2092 (mid-4th century),2106 (mid to second half 4th century after Christ). a) H. 0.022, est. D. rim 0.33, est. D. foot 0.23 m. Three joining fragmentsof floor, foot, rim; one suspensionhole preserved. b) P.L. 0.091 m. One rim fragment. c) Max. dim. 0.031 m. One fragmentof outer tondo. d) Max. dim. 0.055 m. One fragmentfrom near centerof floor. e) Max. dim. 0.071 m. One fragment of floor and lower rim. Shape as 238. a. Undersurface:Two concentricnarrow bands near center, outer one with added purple. One added-purple band midway; two black at outer edge; added purple on feet. Floor: Hair, neck, chest of sphinx to left, one paw against outer tondo over two concentric black bands. Black bands on lower and upper rim. b (not illustrated). Banding as fragment a. No preservedfloor decoration.
c (not illustrated). Banding as a. Floor with either peak of wing or part of incisedrosette. d (not illustrated). Bands as a. Floor with part of wing; added purple on main section and alternate feathers. e (not illustrated).Bandingas a. Workshop of the Chimaera Painter (Lawrence). See Amyx, CorVP, no. 7, p. 173: Chimaera Group, unattributed. Middle Corinthian 240. Plate P1.25 C-72-244. N-0:26; lot 72-209 (later 6th century). Max. dim. 0.106, est. D. tondo 0.17 m. One fragment of tondo,beginningof rim. Undersurface:Narrow concentriccircles as 239. Floor: Frontal face of panther, deep pouches under eyes; neatly incisedruff. At left, wing of sickle shape;the original figure must have been a panther-birdprotome. The glaze and any addedcolorshave peeled. Compare the pouches under the eyes of the sphinxes on the Copenhagenplate: Lawrence (under 26), pl. 89, fig. 14. By the Painterof Louvre E574 (Lawrence). Middle Corinthian P1.25 241. Plate C-65-449. 0:15-17; lot 4403 (late Roman). Max. dim. 0.07 m. One fragmentof centerof floor.
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION Double ring foot; beginning of convex flaring rim. Undersurface:Wide concentricbands of black; feet black. Floor: Black roosterto left, elaboratelyincisedwings and tail; addedpurple on alternatetail sections. Late Corinthian 245. Plate P1. 26 C-68-218. L-N:15-20; lot 5613 (llth century after Christ). H. 0.014, est. D. rim 0.21 m. One fragmentof floor, foot, rim. Single wide ring foot; flaring straight rim; rounded lip without offsettinggroove;floorand rim not clearlyoffset. Foot and under face of rim black. Undersurface:Two concentricblack lines at inner break. Animal frieze: lion to right facingram to left. Thin bodyof lion; strangeincisions on paws; squared-offruff. Either the ram is stooping beforethe lion or spacingwas misjudged.F.o.: incised rosettesand dots. Floor:Blackbands;coils of snakeor sea monster. Stain of added purple on outer section of body. F.o.: incised rosettes, blobs. "Worm"pattern on upper face of rim. Late Corinthianby profile 246. Plate PI. 26 C-64-414. O-P:19-20; lot 2240 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). Max. dim. 0.083 m. One fragment of outer floor. Ring foot; beginning of rim. Undersurface undecorated. Floor: Brown outer bands. Animal frieze: sphinx to right, facing horizontal palmette; traces of added red on neck and shoulder of sphinx and on palmette leaves. Hailstone f.o. Poor drawing and incision; debased version of MC plate. See Callipolitis-Feytmans, fig. 4. Late Corinthian 247. Plate PI. 26 C-62-372. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H. 0.014, est. D. floor 0.108 m. Four joining fragments, preservingmost of floor, small area of lower rim. Double foot with flat and narrow resting surfaces. Undersurface:Central black dot; four concentricblack circles, addedpurple between secondand third;blackbands on outer area;black on feet. Floor: Three concentriccircles; red rays to three black circles at midfloor,outer one with added purple. Narrow animal frieze: 11 elongated silhouette dogs(?), all to right except one. F.o.: dots and blobs. Black band on lower rim; beginningof rim design at break, zigzag? Late Corinthian 248. Red-groundplaque PI. 26 C-65-477. J-L:14; lot 4411 (4th centuryafter Christ). P.H. 0.104, p.W. 0.096 m. Three joining fragmentsof lower left plaque, about one fourth preserved.Thick,
Undersurface: Central dot; concentric lines of glaze. Floor: Part of torso, left wing, upraisedleft thigh of Boread or Gorgon in Knielaufposition to right. Running spiral on hem of short skirt; lines for folds fanning from waist; running loops on neckline. For comparableprofilesof 238-241 and 26 (Group 2) see Callipolitis-Feytmans,p. 153, fig. 17. Chimaera Group, unattributed (Amyx). See Amyx, CorVP, no. 10, p. 173. Middle Corinthian 242. Plate P1.25 C-64-404. P:26, K-L:23; lots 2042 (late 5th century), 73-102 (mid-5th century with Roman intrusion). H. 0.016, est. D. rim 0.20 m. Two joining fragments of floor, rim. Double ring foot, inner one considerablysmaller than outer; rim almost horizontal;roundedlip with offsetting groove on upper surface. Undersurface:Added-purple band at outer edge, going over inner foot;foot black, added purple on outer face of foot. Undersurface tondo: Frontal panther;face, neck, shoulder,one raisedforepaw preserved. Traces of added purple on forehead, chest; incision of face without details of Chimaera Painterstyle. Floor tondo:Added-purplebands at outer edge. F.o.: incised rosettes;beginning of larger object at inner break, indiscernible. Black rays on upper face of rim; added purple on lip; two suspension holes preserved. Glaze peeled. Middle Corinthian 243. Plate P1. 25 C-61-235. 0:24-25; lot 890 (2nd century after Christ). H. 0.019, est. D. rim 0.25 m. Two joining fragmentsof floor, rim. Profile as 242, with slightly wider inner foot. Undersurface: Wide concentricbands; added purple at edge and over inner foot; outer foot glazed. Floor: Three glaze bands on outer floor; inner tondo design missing; two concentric circles at inner break. Outer floor design of chain of incised palmettes; traces of added purple on calyces, alternateleaves;incised dots in circles createdby looped volutes. Outer edge of palmettesincised. Rays on rim, glaze band below; glaze on outer lip. Glaze firedred. Coarse work. Middle Corinthianby profile 244. Red-groundplate P1.25 C-65-472. N:22, lot 4460 (late 4th century). P.H. 0.019, est. D. foot 0.162 m. Many joining fragments; half of foot and floor, beginningof rim preserved.Surface on both sides covered with peeling thin wash, more buff than red (7.5YR 6/6, reddishyellow). Same color on LC krater C-72-149 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 42, 1973, p. 10, no. 12, pi. 3).
DECORATED FINE WARES: CORINTHIAN BLACK FIGURE rather coarse clay; thin wash on top surface and over edges. Black border of irregular width. Legs of nude male to right;trace of addedwhite on foot, for sandal?Thin diagonal glaze line at left for staff or spear. Hole on undersurface, beneath foot, not pierced to surface. Undersurface reserved. Late Corinthian 249. Aryballos P1.26 C-62-756. R:23-24; lot 1989 (later 6th century).P.H. 0.025, p.W. 0.02 m. One wall fragment. From convex lower wall; beginning of curve to resting surfaceat bottombreak. Lion to left in stretchedposition; glaze at right for something on his back; Chimaera? Crosshatchedmane; curvedlines of ruff. One incised dot as f.o. Glaze fired brown;any addedcolorsgone. Lion Group (Amyx). See Amyx, CorVP,no. 4, p. 122: Lion Group, unattributed. Early Corinthian PI. 26 250. Aryballos C-64-61. P:26; lot 2012 (early 5th century). P.H. 0.025, p.W. 0.047 m. Two joining fragments, from convex lower wall. Top of bands at lower break. Nude man running left, legs far apart;one hand visible at right;rear leg overlaps part of incised rosette. Surfacestained. Middle Corinthian 251. Aryballos Fig. 17, P1.26 C-64-424. 0:26-27; lot 2051 (later 3rd century). H. 0.064, D. 0.061, D. rim 0.042 m. Six joining fragments;full profile;part of wall, rim missing. Flat resting surface;low globularbody without shoulder offset; low neck; projectingrim sloping in above;vertical overhanging outer rim face; short strap handle from shoulder to lower rim. Seven concentricblack circles on resting surface.Orientedoppositehandle:siren with outstretchedwings, to left; added purple on wings. F.o.: incised rosettes with circles; incised blobs; dots. Handle black;vertical rim black with reservedcentral band;upper rim with two wide bands of black;added purple on inner one. NC, shape B2. Middle Corinthian 252. Aryballos P1.26 C-65-512. O-P:13-15; lot 4385 (secondhalf 2nd century after Christ). P.H. 0.026, D. rim 0.04 m. One fragmentof neck, rim, handle. Short narrow neck; vertical rim not so undercutas 251; sloping upper face of rim; wide handle rising to peak before attachment at top of rim. Upper rim: inner glaze lines; reservedrosettepattern;outer band. Crosshatching
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on vertical face of rim, sides, top of handle. On back of handle, female head, poorly drawn in outline, to left. See CP-2355 for the type (Corinth VII, ii, no. 85, p. 32, pl. 14). Middle Corinthian PI. 26 253. Aryballos C-68-198. M:17; lot 5658 (early 5th century). H. 0.054, D. 0.053 m. Part of rim and handle missing. Flat resting surfacewith slight centraldepression;globular body, offset from nearly horizontalshoulder;narrow low neck; strap handle from shoulder to lower edge of rim; verticaloverhangingrim; sloping upper face of rim. Central black blob in resting surfacedepression;irregular circles around it. Wall: sketchy,badly executed quatrefoil design, without incision or added color. Rim, upper handle black. A poor descendantof a lovely type. Late Corinthian PI. 27 254. Concavepyxis C-61-240. P-Q:24-25, 0:24; lots 892 (4th century after Christ), 1950 (4th century). P.H. 0.097, p.W. 0.086 m. Two joining fragmentsof wall. Concavewall; brokenbelow at beginningof floor, above at beginning of flare to lip. Interior:Wide brown bands. Exterior: Rays; band of dicing; animal frieze; dicing; added-red line over brown band. Animal frieze: goat grazingto right, addedpurple on neck, followingcurveof incised shoulder, face with incised contour line; outstretchedwing and narrow tail of bird;addedpurple on upper wing, alternatewing feathers.F.o.: rosettesneatly incised, dots. Early Corinthian 255. Concavepyxis P1.27 C-73-357. 0:21-22, N:22, P:21-22; lots 4372 (later 4th century),4461 (late 4th century),73-130 (late 6th century). P.H. 0.084, p.W. 0.064 m. Four joining fragments,preservingpart of wall, small area of lip. Concavewall, flaring to roundedlip. Interior:Black on most of lower wall; added-purplebands over black; reservedbands below lip, above floor. Lip black. Exterior: Lower wall before frieze with black pattern, obscured. Figured frieze: padded dancer to left, bearded,wearing incised loin cloth, right arm raised, left arm in front of torso; added purple on face, padding, thighs. Feline to right, incised rump, short leg, high arching tail; added purple between alternateribs. F.o.: incised rosettes (two with double circles);added purple in centers and on alternatepetals;dots;incisedblobs.Two blackbandsabove frieze;added-purpleand black wavy lines in top zone. 255 and 27 (Group 2) are the only Sanctuaryvases with paddeddancers.The painterof 255 is often careless but exuberant,fond of addedpurple. Middle Corinthian
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 259. Convex pyxis PI. 27 C-64-408. P-Q:20-22; lot 2156 (4th century after Christ, Byzantine). P.H. 0.058 m. Fragmentof shoulder with attachedhead, rim. Rounded sloping shoulder;low vertical neck; flat bridge from rim to attached head. Interior:neck black; added purple bands; Z-maeanderon rim. Wall animal frieze: tail and f.o. only. Added-purple band, dicing above. Shoulder animal frieze: sphinxes on either side of head; tracesof addedpurple on each. F.o.: incisedrosettes,dots. Head very worn. Middle Corinthian 260. Convex pyxis Fig. 31, P1.27 C-65-519. 0-P:22-23; lot 4356 (late 4th century). P.H. 0.053, p.W. 0.068 m. One fragment of convex wall. Published: E. G. Pemberton, "A Late Corinthian Perseus from Ancient Corinth," Hesperia 52, 1983, pp. 64-69. Interior apparently unglazed. Exterior: below, goat to left, tail and bent leg joint of pantherto right;broadglaze band, wheel groove below band; above, foot of figure at left break;legs and genitals of man running right, wing on ankles;thigh of rear leg, genitals incised. In field between legs: nEP'EYZ Corinthianepichoricalphabet;see Fig. 31). (in Scar of handle attachmentat upper right. Under handle, either foot and skirt of figure or outer edge of palmette design. Perseus, presumablybeing chased by the Gorgon sisters. For the subjectin Corinthianart, see the publication cited above. Late Corinthian PI. 27 261. Convex pyxis C-65-38. R:24, N-0:25-26; lots 2217 (early 4th century), 75-248 (mid-5th century). P.H. 0.105 m. Two joining fragmentsfrom part of foot, wall, shoulder. Published: Stroud, Hesperia 37, 1968, pl. 91:d; Pemberton,Archaeology31, Nov.-Dec. 1978, p. 28; F. Lorber, Inschriften auf korinthischen Vasen (ArchdologischeForschungen 6), Berlin 1979, no. 132, p. 84, pl. 41. Floor missing; concave inner foot; resting surface and outer edge of foot missing; upper face of foot well offset from wall; high ovoid wall turning continuously into rounded shoulder. Head originally attached at right. Polished surface. Undersurfacereserved;upper face of foot black. Wall: added-redband at base; row of black dots; checkerboard pattern on most of wall, five rows of black and reserved squares between added-red lines;
256. Tripod pyxis Fig. 19, P1.27 C-62-307. P-Q:24, O-R:23-24; lots 898 (ca. 500 B.c.), 1955 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). H. 0.045, est. D. base 0.09, est. D. lip 0.08 m. Two non-joining fragments.a) Two joining fragmentspreservecomplete vertical profile, beginning of bowl. b) One fragment, brokenoff in figure zone at beginningof bowl. Flaring foot flat on resting surface,rising without articulation into slightly concavewall; thickenedrim with vertical outer face, flattenedlip. a. Bowl interior:Red glazed with reservedband at top. Lip red. Undersurface,inner face of foot, resting surface reserved.Lower wall: black, addedred, black, addedred bands (red directly on clay). Animal frieze: bird to left between antithetical sirens. F.o.: dots, incised blobs. Vertical lines at edge of zone; one black, one added-red band above;vertical rim glazed. b. Bowl and rim as fragmenta. Animal frieze:panther to right. F.o. as a. Interiorglaze firedmostly red;exterior black. Severeanu Painter (Amyx). See Amyx, CorVP, no. A-3, p. 256; CVA, Bucharest 2 [Romania 2], p. 11; Miinzen und Medaillen Auktion 60, September 1982, no. 10. Late Corinthian 257. Convex pyxis Fig. 31, P1.27 C-61-176. P:24-25; lot 875 (second half 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.057, p.W. 0.06 m. Two joining fragmentsfrom wall; possibly an oinochoe. Convex wall. Bands aboveand below figure zone. Figure in short tunic to left, left arm across body, holding staff(?). Warrior advancing right, right arm raised, left forward with shield, left leg advancing, right stretched back, wearing Corinthianhelmet with long crest, breastplate, greaves.Lower leg and foot of fallen warriorunder his advancing leg. F.o.: incised rosettes, dots. Glaze almost completelypeeled. Middle Corinthian? P1.27 258. Convex pyxis C-64-59. P:26; lot 2012 (early 5th century). Max. dim. 0.073 m. One fragmentof shoulder. Slightly convex sloping shoulder, beginning of downward curve at lower break. Bands of black;addedpurple on central one. Animal frieze:griffin to right, facing palmette. Traces of addedpurple on palmette;addedpurple and added white on alternate leaves; added purple on griffin's neck and wing; stain of added white on neck band, shoulder section. F.o.: incised rosettes, some with central circles;small dots. Near the StobartPainter (Amyx). Middle Corinthian
123
257
260
. a263
265
FIG.31. Corinthianblack-figuredpyxides and lids. Scale 1:1
124
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 265. Pyxis lid Figs. 19, 31, Pi. 28 C-62-793. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.037, est. D. 0.105 m. Half missing;full profile. Well inset, high flange tapering to resting surface; lid horizontal below, slightly domed upper surface; short stem of knob with wide flare rising into domed top of knob. Flange, undersurfacereserved.At edge of lid two lines. Animal frieze (beginning with well-preserved area):ram to left (partly missing);lion to right; antithetical sphinxes with palmette and lotus between; lion to left; ram to right facing feline to left; palmetteand lotus; feline to right facing ram to left (firstanimal). Symmetrical design of eight animals arrangedin relation to axial palmettemotifs.Addedpurple used extensivelyon all figures;addedwhite disappeared.F.o.: incisedrosetteswith and without double circles. Above animal frieze, dicing between two lines; rays on upper lid. Knob:added-purple and black pinwheel on top; dicing on outer edge of knob. Preciseminiaturestyle; exquisite detail. Heraldic Lions Painter (Amyx). See Amyx, CorVP, no.7, p. 119. Early Corinthian 266. Pyxis lid P1.28 C-65-458. M:17-18, 0:18; lots 3222 (first half 3rd century after Christ), 4350 (late Roman). P.H. 0.02, est. D. 0.136 m. Two joining fragmentsof rim, flange; knob missing. Shape as 265, with shorterflange, closer to lid edge. Undersurface, flange reserved. Dots on lip; two bands at outer edge, inner one with added purple. Animal frieze: feline to left, ram to left. Addedpurple on lion's ribs, belly, neck,and ram'sneck. F.o.: incisedrosettes.Aboveanimal frieze, S-maeanderbetween glaze bands, each with added-purpleline; rays at top. Related to the Carrousel Painter (Amyx). See Amyx, CorVP, B-7, p. 167. Middle Corinthian 267. Pyxis lid P1.28 C-65-460. 0-P:22-23; lot 4352 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.017, est. D. 0.08 m. One third of lid and flange preserved;knob missing. Shape as 265; flange more inset from edge of lid. Flange, undersurfacereserved.Dots on lip. Animal frieze: panther to left; goat to left; panther to right; siren to right. Added purple on all figures:bellies, ribs, necks. F.o.: incised and plain dots. Above animal frieze, two bands; tongues attachedto added-purpleband. Poor imitation of the Carrousel Painter (Amyx). See Amyx, CorVP, no. C-7, p. 167. A second,smaller lid by the same hand:C-64-470, Q:20-22, lot 2088. Middle Corinthian
wide added-red line above. Red directly on surface. Shoulder:three female faces, in outline and incision. At left break, hair with fillet, forehead, eye, and nose of woman to right, overlapping a frontal face. Third woman in profile to left, scale design on dress;blackhair, reservedfillet; incision between hair and neck and from nose to lower break. Left of this figure, added red over black,significanceunclear.In field betweenthird woman and attachedhead: HEPA (in Corinthian epichoric alphabet), vertical and retrograde (see PI. 27). Raised clay and scoring for head attachment at right; black shoulder of dress; scale pattern on torso, extendedhand in outline to left. See the head 624; the latter does not fit the scar of this shoulder, but it could be from elsewhere on the same pyxis; fabric, color, scale are similar. Late Corinthian 262. Convex pyxis P1.28 C-62-370. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H. 0.06, p.W. 0.112 m. Two joining fragments from convex wall. Lower wall: lines in place of rays; two bands. Upperwall animal frieze: bird to right, addedpurple on breast, central wing section; sphinx to left, added purple on breast,outer wing, alternatewing feathers,betweenribs; bird or siren to right, added purple on alternatetail feathers, centerof tail, centralsectionof wing, added-purple dots on chest, upper wing. F.o.: incised blobs. Above animal frieze, three lines, lowest with addedpurple;tips of shoulder tongues or lines. Careless technique;streaky glaze; sloppy incision;addedpurple in irregularpatches. Late Corinthian 263. Convex pyxis Fig. 31, PI. 28 C-65-492. Q:26; lot 2230 (late 5th century). P.H. 0.037, p.W. 0.056 m. One shoulderfragment. Two antithetical sphinxes, lotus between. Black bands above. F.o.: incised blobs. Late Corinthian 264. Convex pyxis P1.28 C-61-273. P-Q:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter 4th century). H. 0.041, D. 0.078, D. foot 0.051 m. Complete. Low ring foot, wide resting surface, slightly convex undersurface;low globular body merging with shoulder; raised flat rim. Two central black circles on undersurface; band from undersurfaceover inner face of foot;exteriorfoot black. Wall: black band;two glaze lines; file of nine silhouettebirds to right, no incision or addedcolors. F.o.: dots and blobs. Dicing on shoulder. Vertical rim, face black;flat top with continuousblack zigzag between black lines; lip black. Peeling glaze. Probablylast quarter 6th century
DECORATED FINE WARES: CORINTHIAN BLACK FIGURE 268. Pyxis lid Fig. 31, P1.28 C-62-804. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century).Max. dim. 0.108 m. Part of lid, flange preserved;outer edge lost; no knob. Shape as 267. Undersurface, flange reserved. Animal frieze: bird to right with turned-backhead; antithetical sphinxes with palmette between. Crowded f.o.: incised rosettes, swags, dots. Added purple used extensively on figures and palmette. Above animal frieze: two bands, first with added purple; black tongues;band about missing knob. Rather careful incision on figures;careless on palmetteand f.o. Middle Corinthian PI. 28 269. Kotyle-pyxis lid C-64-196. P-Q:20-22; lot 2156 (4th century after Christ, Byzantine). P.H. 0.012, est. D. 0.094 m. Part of lid, beginningof flange preserved. Flange brokenaway, set very close to edge;convexdomed lid, originally with narrow-stemmedhigh knob. Undersurface, flange reserved. Bands at outer edge. Animal frieze: lion to right; antithetical sphinxes with siren between; feline (tail only) to right. Addedpurple on facesof siren and sphinxes, lion's neck, alternate wing feathers. F.o.: incised rosettes; dot rosettes; plain dots. Above animal frieze, tongues between bands. Precise incision. Note straight line across shoulder of wing; overly large heads, very narrow bodies. Glaze mostly red, peeling. Middle Corinthian 270. Powder-pyxis lid P1.28 C-62-760. R:23-24; lot 1989 (later 6th century). H. 0.025, est. D. 0.07 m. Full verticalprofile. Flat resting surface; rounded, outward thickened base; vertical wall inset from base; outward thickened rim; horizontal flat top of lid, inset from rim. Interior reserved.Base and rim blackwith added-purplelines. Two black lines on lower and upper wall. Wall animal frieze: bird with turned-backhead;goat to left in silhouette. No f.o. Top of lid: legs and belly of unidentifiableanimal in silhouette. Early Corinthian? PI. 28 271. Lekanis lid C-61-167. P-Q:25, P:26; lots 871 (12th century after Christ, coin), 2042 (late 5th century). H. 0.025, D. 0.064 m. Three joining fragments;half of lid, all of knob preserved. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:h. No separate flange; domed convex lid, turning down to verticalterminationin roundedlip; flaring knob without stem; conical above with central cone. Interior reserved. Outer edge: S-maeander between lines. Animal frieze:
125
birds to right, one with turned-backhead; addedpurple in central section of wing; purple dots on neck; incised circlesas eyes. Sparsef.o. Two bandsaroundknob;outer knob glazed; recessed top banded with added purple aroundglazed cone. Glaze firedred. Late Corinthian(after mid-century?) PI. 28 272. Closed vase C-62-722. R:23-24, M:22-23; lots 1988 (late 6th century), 6828 (mid-5th century). a) P.H. 0.057, p.W. 0.051 m. One wall fragment. b) P.H. 0.042, p.W. 0.049 m. One wall fragment. Large closed vessel, highly convex, with at least two figured zones. Polished surface;glaze fired red. a. Antitheticaldeer; heads and ears with incised contours;addedpurple on neck. No f.o. Band above;bottom of rosettein upper figure zone. b. From same area as fragmenta. Neck, back, flanksof lion to left; tip of tail incised;addedpurple on ribs. Band above. Incisedfoot and belly of feline to right. Early Corinthian? P1.28 273. Closed vase C-61-262. P-Q:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter 4th century). P.H. 0.049, p.W. 0.057 m. One fragmentfrom upper wall, shoulder. Clay slightly micaceous, very hard. Core:7.5YR 7/4 (pink); slip: 5YR 7/6 (reddish yellow). Possiblynot Corinthian. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 5:b,right. Gently convex wall; roundedshoulder.Slipped exterior. Wall: woman to right, right hand raised; face, hand in addedwhite directlyon slip; brown contourlines and details. Two incised lines in hair as fillet. Black dress with incised scale pattern.In field to right:
[ E -IKA C.
Two brown lines above figure; running-leaf design on shoulder. 274. Red-groundclosedvase P1.28 C-65-501. 0:19, N-0:19-20; lots 2239 (late Roman), 2247 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.031, p.W. 0.04 m. Two joining fragmentsfrom sloping shoulder. Shoulder with little convexity, very thin fabric. At left: horse's neck and head to left, pulling chariot; driver's hands with whip, reins;guidepostat right break. Behind at right of horse, helmetedwarrior rushing right, carrying shield in outline. Lower right:line of incisedglaze for tail of secondhorse. In field between warrior and charioteer'shands:
C\i
Added purple on horse's neck, warrior'shelmet, outline of shield. Black band limiting scene at top break. Late Corinthian
126
CORINTHIAN CONVENTIONALIZING (275-285)

The 11 examples published in this section represent a type of pottery known from the Vrysoula Classical deposit.1 The five oinochoai, two phialai, three plates, and one lid are typical of the unpublished vases decorated in this style, still in the context pottery. One shape from the Vrysoula deposit is not represented in the Sanctuary: the lekythos, decorated with the characteristic animals or floral patterns, or both. The
lekythosin general is absent from the Sanctuarypottery.2Apparentlysome shapes were not appropriatefor the goddesses. The two phialai, 280 and 281, introducea new shape into the repertoireof vases decoratedin the Conventionalizing style. 280 is especially interesting for its peculiar sirens. They resemble the felines on the plate
283; both types of animals are similar to the beast on the Vrysoula oinochoe C-64-176 and lekythos
C-64-162.3 All seem to be related to the same workshop, that of the Merlin Painter.4 The oinochoe 276,
without animals, decoratedwith palmettes, maeanders,and other Conventionalizingmotifs, probablyalso came from the same studio.
It was known that the floral decoration on these vases continued into the 4th century, especially on oino-
choai, pyxides, and lids.5 279 shows that the figure style also survivedwell into that century. I know of no later examples, fortunately.The early Hellenistic pottersin Corinthadoptedinsteadthe more conventional
Hellenistic decorative forms of stamping, West Slope, and other widespread methods.6 275. Ray-based oinochoe P1.29 C-64-476. N-0:24, 0:24, N:24, N-0:24-25; lots 2094 (early 4th century), 2110 (first quarter 4th century), 2140 (secondhalf 5th century),2142 (firstquarter 4th century), 2144 (mid-4th century), 2244 (first quarter 4th century), 72-207 (secondquarter 5th century). a) P.H. 0.14, est. D. foot 0.13, est. D. wall 0.21 m. Thirteen joining fragments of foot and wall. b) P.H. 0.085, p.W. 0.151 m. Five joining fragments of wall. c) P.L. 0.075 m. One fragmentof shoulder. Wide flaring ring foot, with resting surfaceonly at outer edge; flaring convex wall turning vertical above to flat shoulder;neck ring at top break of fragmentc. Polished surface. Glaze thin, peeling, fired red in places. Resting surface, undersurface reserved. Outer foot banded in black, added red, black. Wall: wide black rays with extended tips; bands of black, added red; running spiral with dots above and below, between black bands; black alternately upright and pendent volute palmettes, with eight or nine petals; stopped three-stroke maeander at top of wall between black lines. Shoulder: four black lines; dotted spiral as on wall; running maeanderbelow black neck ring. Interiorreserved. See KP 2424 and KP 2429 for the dotted-spiralmotif (Corinth XV, iii, nos. 968, 969, oinochoai but much smaller). First or early secondquarter 5th century
2
oinochoe 276. Broad-bottomed
PI. 29
C-65-499. N-0:23, N:22-23, 0:22-23, M:21, N:23; lots 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin), 2173 (mid-4th century), 2183 (late 5th-early 4th century), 2185 (late 5th-early 4th century), 2250 (end of 4th century), 4458 (late 4th century), 4474 (mid-4th century),4477 (late 5th century), 4488 (second half 5th century). a) P.H. 0.095, est. D. base 0.23 m. Two joining fragments of base, lower wall. b) P.H. 0.154 m. Eight joining fragments of wall. c) P.H. 0.11 m. Fourjoining fragmentsof upper wall, shoulder. Restored height of preserved fragments 0.183 m. Flat resting surface;wall inset from base with rounded projection; cylindricalwall mergingwith roundedshoulder. Resting surfacereserved.Base wall projectionblack; lower wall with added-redand black lines. Zones of decoration, each limited by black line, as follows: 1) Sevenstroke stopped maeander. 2) Tendril of alternating upright and pendent palmettes each with seven petals; chevronsbetweentendrils.3) Running spirals with chevrons between spirals. 4) Five-stroke stopped maeander. 5) Enscrolledhorizontalpalmetteof seven petals. 6) Seven-stroke stopped maeander, punctuated by checkerboards. 7) Running maeander. 8) Two rows of buds. 9) Two rows of five-strokestoppedmaeanders; beginning
Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 265-307. See Shape Studies, pp. 52-53. The Vrysoula forms of goblet and kantharoiare also unrepresentedin the Sanctuary.Only one fragmentof a gobletwas found:C-65-494, not published,fromlot 2230, the floorof Room E. The terminaldate of that lot, at the end of the 5th century,helps confirmthe date establishedfor the Vrysoula pottery.See Catalogue I: Group 3. 3 Pemberton, Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 271-273, no. 1, pl. 66 and p. 274, no. 5, pl. 66. 4 NC, no. 1553, fig. 195, p. 337, for the British Museum vase giving the name to the workshop. 5 For example, C-71-191 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 161, no. 46, pl. 27; drain 1971-1). 6 There is a curious example of outline style on an Atticjug: Braun, AM 85, 1970, p. 145, no. 120, pl. 59:2, 4.
DECORATED FINE WARES: CORINTHIAN CONVENTIONALIZING of running spiral at upper break of fragmentc. All decoration in black. Clubbed ends of petals. Use of chevronsas in Merlin Painter's workshop:see Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 273,282-283. Late third or early fourth quarter 5th century 277. Broad-bottomed oinochoe PI. 29 C-70-203. M:23-24; lot 6508 (miscellaneous finds). P.H. 0.067, D. 0.098 m. Many joining fragments,preserving parts of base, wall, stub of handle, lower shoulder. Slightly concave resting surface; flare to bevel; concave wall; offset sloping shoulderwithout outer shoulderring; stub of vertical strap handle on outer shoulder. Black band under bevel to resting surface; resting surface reserved; lower wall banded; black, two added-red lines above. Traces of black cavortinganimals on wall, in silhouette. Linear enscrolledpalmetteson shoulder. See C-64-177 (Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, p. 273, no. 2, pl. 66). 277 is slightly later. Fourth quarter 5th century 278. Broad-bottomed oinochoe P1.29 C-61-202. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.084, D. resting surface0.07 m. Many joining fragments;centerof floor, parts of wall missing. Flat resting surface;roundedbevel at base of wall; wall barely concave, narrowing to shoulder; offset sloping shoulder without ring; tall cylindrical neck with base drip ring; trefoil mouth;high strap handle from shoulder to mouth. Resting surface reserved. Lower wall: lower bands black, two brown, black, two brown (brown is diluted glaze). Upper wall: very linear, black palmette leaves on either side of curvilinearstem. Two brown lines on shoulder; on upper shoulder black wave pattern; brown on drip ring; lower neck brown; upper neck, mouth, handle black. Sharp profile lost; wall elongated. Secondquarteror mid-4th century 279. Broad-bottomed oinochoe P1.30 C-61-460. P-Q:24; lot 899 (mid-4th century). P.H. 0.067, est. D. resting surface0.11 m. Fivejoining fragments of parts of base, wall, shoulder. Flat resting surface;rounded bevel set off from wall by groove; low, ovoid wall merging with sloping shoulder. Black from bevel to midwall;brown line. On upper wall: very linear palmette leaves as 278. On shoulder:winged bust, with parts of two others;added-purpletorso;brown lines for tall neck, head, eyes; dark and light brown for wings. Unarticulatedprofile. The end of the Corinthian Conventionalizingfigure style. Mid-4th century
127
280. Phiale Fig. 32, P1.30 C-64-407. N-O: 24-25, 0:24; lots 2094 (early 4th century), 2110 (first quarter 4th century). a) Max. dim. 0.091, est. D. 0.18 m. Three joining fragmentsof floor, rim. b) Max. dim. 0.078 m. One floor fragment. Low profile;slightly convex resting surface;flaring convex wall, turningverticalto outwardthickenedrim, with groove setting off rim from outer wall; center with omphalos missing. a. Outer rim black; rest of exterior reserved.Dots on upper face of rim; black band on inner wall. Floor:black line delineating inner tondo; added-reddots inside line; more tracesof addedred to inner break, patternunclear. Outer floor: palmettes of 11 petals, with small side palmettes,between sirens(?). Palmettesorientedto centerof floor, sirens to rim. Siren at left: head to left, wing outstretchedfrom thin body which curls down to rim; originally blackwith incisedscales and feathersfor wing and hair; incised circles on body (see 283). Traces of second siren at right break. b (not illustrated). Palmettes, siren with incised circles. Traces of addedbrown and addedred on sirens. See the decorationon the shoulderof a pyxis in Bonn: G. Weicker, Seelenvogel,Leipzig 1902, p. 143, figs. 66, 67; and 283 below. Probablythird quarterof 5th century (by profile) 281. Phiale PI. 30 C-65-507. M-N:12; lot 4409 (4th century after Christ, Byzantine). Max. dim. 0.06 m. One fragment of outer floor, rim. Shape as 280; groovebetween inner wall and rim. Black and added-redbuds on rim; inner wall black; exterior reserved.On floor:trailing glaze strokes,for smoke?Possibly related to the Sam Wide group, see pp. 134-136 below. Later 5th century 282. Plate P1.30 C-65-441. M-N:12; lot 4409 (4th century after Christ, Byzantine).Max. dim. 0.085 m. One fragment of outer floor,beginningof rim. No foot; flat resting surfacewith two groovesnear outer edge; beginning of convex rising rim. Polished surface; exterior and undersurfacereserved. Floor: head, wing, one forelegof sphinx to left, confrontingsecondsphinx of whom part of face, breast, raised leg are preserved.Legs raisedover top of lotus (see 27, Group 2); bud rosettebetween faces. Figures in black, outline technique;diluted glaze for details of face, wing feathers;added-whiteband in hair. Outer floorblack. Good, controlleddrawing. First half 5th century
128
FIG.32. Corinthianblack-figuredphiale 280. Scale 1:1
283.
Fig. 16, P1.30 C-61-241. P-Q:24-25, L:28, M-N:24; lots 893 (first quarter 4th century), 6847 (miscellaneous finds). a) H. 0.027, D. 0.22, D. foot 0.152 m. Many joining fragments, preservinghalf of floor, most of rim; plaster restoration. b) Max. dim. 0.045 m. One floor fragment. Disk foot;inset undersurface; undersurfaceand foot with grooves;flaring rim becominghorizontalat roundedlip; groove before lip on upper face; one suspension hole. Outer face of rim, foot, undersurface reserved. Glaze fired mostly red. a. Dots on lip; addedred on groove;ivy-berrychain on lower rim; glaze bands at juncture of rim and floor. Floor: central black band; black line; added-red band; two black lines. Outer floor: very thin felines walking right, oriented to rim, turned-backheads, frontal faces. Incised detail over glaze of bodies:circleson bodies,lines on neck, roughly incised features. b (not illustrated). Part of rump of feline. See 280 above; pyxis KP 1170 (Corinth XV, iii, no. 1023, pls. 45, 107); oinochoe C-64-176 (Pemberton, Hesperia 39, 1970, p. 271, no. 1, pl. 66). Third or early fourth quarter 5th century
Plate
284. Plate P1.30 C-65-427. N-0:23; lot 4474 (mid-4th century). Max. dim. 0.10 m. One floor fragment. No foot; flat resting surface with wheel grooves;wide, shallow groovebeforeouter edge. Undersurfacereserved. Floor:design of outer area limited by black band outside, added red inside, diluted black line above added red. In field: cavorting animals in silhouette drawing. At left, bird:neck, head, long beak, back-sweptwing, bodyat left break. Right: four legs, body, tail, to right. Under right animal, X with chevronsin angles. Late 5th or early 4th century 285. Powder-pyxislid P1.30 C-64-396. N-0:23; lot 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-centurycoin). P.H. 0.05, D. 0.091 m. Many joining fragments,lower edge not preserved. Vertical flange slightly concave,descendingfrom raised roundedrim, outwardthickened;flat lid top. Interiorreserved. Flange: glaze at lower break; central added-red band with two diluted glaze lines aboveand below; black band continuingover rim. Top: centralblackbud rosette; two lines of dilutedglaze;bandof addedred;chain of ivyberrypatternin black. Secondquarteror mid-5th centuryB.C.
DECORATEDFINE WARES: CORINTHIANOUTLINESTYLE CORINTHIAN OUTLINE STYLE (286-292)
129
Three of the catalogued vases have been published in Archaeology,7 wherein some discussion of the style was
presented.The outline style on 5th-centuryCorinthianvases was known froma few earlierexamples.8The

excavations of the Demeter Sanctuary have found sufficient numbers of the vases to prove a local popularity
of the technique.As yet, no vases so decoratedare known to have been exported.

The method of decorating varies. 287 has a surface slip; 288, 289, and 292 show polishing of the surface before painting. 287, 292, and probably 288 and 289 have polychrome effects. The drawing, where clearly
discernible,is of the highest quality, except on 286. On some vases, the figures suggest possible activitiesin
the Demeter cult (292) or mythological subjects relevant for the goddesses of the Sanctuary (287).9
Outline style is a more appropriateterm for the vases than Corinthianwhite ground. Since Corinthian
clay normally fires quite pale, the creamy white and chalky slips used in Attic pottery were not necessary. Contour lines are usually in a shade of brown. The artist of 287 used dark brown for horses (h), a red brown
for humans (c, j), and a blackbrown for non-humanobjects(d, i, and probablyk). The painterof the kotyle 292 may have used brown for male e(b) and purple for female (c, d).1 The artist of the kraterwith architecturaldecoration,290, used black throughoutthe preservedfragment,but the rest of the scene,whateverit was, may have been renderedwith additionalcolors. Given the fragmentarystate of the extant pieces, it is impossibleto establishworkshoprelationships.Nor
can the vases be well dated. The kotyle, 292, is similar in subject to the oinochoe found in the Forum in 1934.11 But the kotyle is earlier; the lack of foreshortening on most of the boy's body, the stiff rendering of folds, the more archaic eye of Persephone, all require an earlier date. The Forum oinochoe comes from a
well of 460-420
B.C.,
although whether at the upper or lower date is unclear.Only one of the fragmentsof
B.C.
the Sanctuary kotyle has a dated context; the context of d includes nothing later than the third quarter of the
5th century,with earlier materialin the lot. I suggest tentativelya date of 480-450
for the vase.
287 has one fragment, b, from a context no later than the third quarter of the 5th century. The krater was made before 425 B.C.and probably before mid-century. 288 has one fragment, c, from a similar context. The context of the architectural krater, 290, spans most of the 5th century. All the vases in this style were probably made in the 5th century, more specifically in the second and third quarters, thus contemporary in their lower limit with the vases of the Sam Wide group, with which there are some technical similarities. The style of drawing and technique might have been influenced by the whiteground work of Attic vase painters, but the shapes differ. 287 is a large skyphoid krater, which may also be the shape of the other large vessels. 292 appears to be unique; I know of no Attic white-ground kotylai.12 The style of decoration never attained the popularity it enjoyed in Athens. but was reserved for a few vases, probably of cult importance.
7 Pemberton,Archaeology31, Nov.-Dec. 1978, pp. 27-33. 8 C-36-836, found in the Forum (Pease, Hesperia 6,1937, p. 312, fig. 41; probablyfrom well 1936-1): thin fragments, probably not from a krater;brownish slipped surface, showing a hand and part of a border. C-34-362, from Forum well 1934-10 (ibid., p. 311, no. 235, fig. 40): oinochoewith a torch race. Altar MF 71-19, from Forum excavations,lot 6768: small altar with a horse's head. There are at least three more vases with outline-styledecorationfrom the Demeter Sanctuary,not publishedhere becauseof the poor conditionof the fragments.These are C-64-417 and C-71-570, possibly from the same vase as 289; C-64-400, C-65-167, and C-72-212 all fromthe same krater;C-68-331, possiblythe same as 291. There are severaladditionalsherdswithout any decoration but which by size and fabric may be undecoratedpieces belongingto the type. 9 For the of interpretation the letter formson 287, see Stroud,Hesperia 37, 1968, p. 322, readingfragment1 as Ere]bnos,the lord of the underworld,and thus identifyingthe scene as the rape of Persephone.A. L. Boegehold("Korinthiaka: Neglected Gorgon" A (GRBS 15, 1974, pp. 32-35) readthe lettersas Sthlenoi,one of the Gorgonsisters,identifyingthe sceneas showing Perseus,the ugly sisters, and possibly He[rmes (j). 10A similar distinctionin colorfor outlinesof the differentsexes is visibleon the Pitsa plaque of a family sacrificing: brownfor red females, black brown for males (J. Charbonneaux,Archaic Greek Art, New York 1971, fig. 357). The plaque is signed by a Corinthian. 1 For the Forum oinochoeC-34-362, see footnote8 above. 12 For the shapes in Attic white ground, see J. Mertens, Attic White-Ground,New York 1977. She notes black-figuredwhiteground skyphoi (pp. 89-95) but no outline white-groundkotylai or skyphoi.
130 286.
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION above red, an area of streakyorange (diluted glaze), not drapery, possibly the low side of chariot. Overlapping orange, small patch of brown with four lines at end (tassel? tip of cloak?). At upper left, thin lines of brown for horses'tails. c (C-64-226 n). M:22-23; lot 6827 (late 4th century). P.H. 0.057, p.W. 0.04 m. One fragmentof lower wall. Border as fragment b. Foot outlined in reddish brown above (color used for humans; compare dark brown outline for horseson h); darkerbrown contourbelow, for sole of sandal; broad brown strap across instep, beginning of secondnarrowerstrap for ankle band. d (C-64-226 j). M:17-18; lot 3222 (first half 3rd century after Christ). P.H. 0.063, p.W. 0.043 m. One fragmentof lower wall; surfacescratched. Borderas fragmentb. Objectdrawn in blackoutline resting on border:possiblyfoot and beginningof leg of metal cauldron or tripod. At left, a long thin diagonal brown line (not a staff);orange tassel ending in tiny brown dots: detorationof metal object? e (C-64-226 e). N:21-23; lot 2170 (second half 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.045, p.W. 0.08 m. One fragmentof lower wall; surfacegouged. Borderas fragmentb. Thin orange line above border. f (C-64-226 f). N:28; lot 2259 (5th century). P.H. 0.071, p.W. 0.045 m. One fragmentof lower wall; surface chipped. Borderas fragmentb. g (C-64-226 k; not illustrated). N-O:22; lot 4475 (thirdquarter4th century).P.H. 0.030, p.W. 0.024 m. One fragmentof lower wall. Borderas fragmentb. h (C-64-226 a). N-O:23; lot 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin). P.H. 0.065, p.W. 0.071 m. One fragmentof middle wall. Upper rear legs of two horses galloping left, pulling chariot of fragment b(?). Front pair of legs in lightorange wash (diluted glaze); rear pair darker; interior details in thin brown lines; dark brown outline of legs. i (C-64-226 d). N:23; lot 2178 (early 4th century). P.H. 0.066, p.W. 0.055 m. One fragment of middle wall. At bottombreak, horizontalband in dark outline; upper courseof stepped altar, letters ]ON[ between bands. Fire on altar: stacked logs drawn as dark circles of brown, alternating with lighter areas rendered in raised clay; round dots of added red for hot flames or charcoal;light brown and orange (dilutedglaze) for flames and smoke. j (C-64-226 h). N:23; lot 4477 (late 5th century).P.H. 0.092, p.W. 0.094 m. One fragmentof upper wall.
P1. 31 Hydria C-73-28. T-U:19; lots 73-96 (lst century after Christ), 73-99 (second half 4th century after Christ). Two non-joiningfragmentsfrom shoulder,top of wall. a) P.H. 0.04, p.W. 0.086 m. b) P.H. 0.049, p.W. 0.077 m. Two joining fragments.Gray clay: 10YR 7/2 (light gray). Surface of fragment b fired a lighter color than a. Clay color not typical of Corinthian,but texture characteristic of Corinthian. Fragments appear to be handmade; no slip. a. Beardedman, to left; top of garmentat lower break; incisedline for fillet in hair;objectbehindhim probablya flying cloak (although appears fishlike). b. Woman in brown outline, to right; chin visible at top right edge; left arm stretchedto right; lines of breasts visible. Dark object at waist, below which are traces of legs. At left, single added-redline. Drawing is very poor, not resembling the rest of the fragmentsin outline style. 5th century 287. Krater PI. 31 C-64-226 (b-m), C-65-491 (a). Thirteen fragments from a very large skyphoid krater;each fragmentdiscussed separatelywith specificgrid and lot. Published: Stroud, Hesperia 37, 1968, pl. 93:a; Daux, BCH 89, 1965, p. 760, fig. 17; Pemberton,Archaeology31, Nov.-Dec. 1978, p. 33; Boegehold(footnote 9 above,p. 129). a (C-65-491). M-0:27-29; lot 2210 (4th centuryafter Christ). P.H. 0.062, est. D. 0.30 m. Fragmentof foot. Traces of burning at top break, continuingover break to interior. Core: 5YR 7/7 (reddish yellow); surface slip: 10YR 8/4 (very pale brown), applicable to all fragments.Interiorreservedon all fragments.Polished creamy slip on exterior; core buff in center, orange close to surface (sandwicheffect). Heavy torus foot;beginningof straightflaringwall. Two brown lines on inner face of foot;restingsurfacereserved; band on outer face of foot and at juncture of wall and ledge of floor. Exterior gouged. b (C-64-226 b + 1). N-0:23, N:22; lots 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin), 4391 (later 5th century). P.H. 0.11, p.W. 0.076 m. Three joining fragments of lower wall. Ground line: egg-and-dart between brown glaze lines; eggs alternately of brown and added red, darts brown; eggs vary in size. Both border lines in two parallel narrow bands overlapping each other. Wall design above border: dark brown wheel with five, not four, spokes; floor of chariot in added red between brown outlines;
DECORATED FINE WARES: CORINTHIAN OUTLINE STYLE At top break, two handle scars for horizontalroundhandle; handles outlined in brown. Two neatly drilled holes for ancient repair with plugs; holes carefully placed in empty field, althoughright one close to one letter. Letters HB[ in field. At left, head facing right; fillet over brown curly hair; wing, with apex partially hidden by head. Red-brown contour line for face; brown contour line and added-red details for wing. Added white in face: to correctmistake of original contour line, apparently too narrow, white used as eraser. Added white used nowhere else on fragments. At right lower break, thin contour line of red brown, either figure's outstretchedbent left arm or elbow of second person facing winged figure. Figure is probably male; hair style more appropriate for male than female. k (C-64-226 m). M:20; no lot. P.H. 0.039, p.W. 0.04 m. One fragmentof upper wall; tracesof burning at top and right, going over break. At left break, hole for ancient repair (see j). Fragment shows part of pole or quiver, with flutteringbrown tassels; broad black band under burnt area at top, connecting with vertical outline at right. More black bands below; two cross each other. Thin, light-brownlines under black bands; at top right, another outline horizontal to break. 1 (C-64-226 g). O-P:13-15; lot 4385 (secondhalf 2nd century after Christ). P.H. 0.079, p.W. 0.074 m. One fragmentof upper wall. Outer part of wing of figure facing left; ends of feathers in added red and gray brown; interior detail in thin, see gray-brownstrokes.In field (retrograde; P1. 31): BNO At lower right break,thin, vertical,light-brownstroke. m (C-64-226 c). N-0:23; lot 2152 (4th-centurypottery, 2nd-century coin). P.H. 0.056, p.W. 0.078, est. D. lip 0.34 m. One fragmentof lip. Rounded lip, no rim or separate articulation.Glaze on lip, top of inner wall. Scars of handle roots preserved. Estimated height of whole vase 0.40 m. There is not enough preserved to reconstructthe figure scenes with any certainty;there may have been two separate scenes, separatedby the handles. The letters on fragment1 may be read as [Ere]bnos,an underworldfigure, or as [Sth]enoi, one of the Gorgons (see footnote 9, p. 129 above). The abduction of Persephone by Hades, coming in a chariot, or the killing of Medusa by Perseus are possible interpretations.The quality of the vase, in both technique and drawing, makes this an exceptionalwork. Secondquarter 5th century
131
PI. 31 288. Krater C-69-299. Four fragments from a large krater; each fragment discussed separately with specific grid and lot. a (b). M-N:23; lot 6838 (early 4th century). P.H. 0.064, p.W. 0.079 m. Two joining fragmentsof lower wall. Soft orange clay, not fired as hard as 287. Exterior not slipped but polished, surface flaking. Interior glazed (firedred) with added-redbands.At bottom:borderwith egg-and-dart;borderoutline in brown glaze; eggs in diluted glaze, peeling;area aroundeggs in addedred;darts in addedwhite. Above,at right, part of outer rim of chariot wheel in brown; left, three or four rear legs of two horses,galloping left; legs in darkbrownoutline, filled in with lighterbrown (see 287h). Patch of thin brown glaze below hooves,just aboveborder. b (a). Stairway cuts; lot 6215 (6th century after Christ). P.H. 0.054, p.W. 0.052 m. One fragmentof upper wall. Garland of elongated buds in light brown, apparently suspendedfrom two objectsat sides of break. Left object of angular shape, drawn with brown contour line and reserved;object re-emerges at lower left, filled in with added red. Right object rounded; brown contour line, continuing to lower right break. Outside of brown line, traces of diluted glaze. The fragmentmay be an excerpt from some type of architecture. c (d). L-M:23-24; lot 6841 (later 5th century). P.H. 0.035, p.W. 0.058 m. One fragmentof upper wall. Large patch of peeling added red, with brown outline. Polelike objectin brown passes diagonallyacrossfield. d (c). No grid or lot. P.H. 0.034, p.W. 0.04 m. One fragmentof upper wall. Large area of mostly peeled added red; thin brown contour line on right side; added red continues horizontally at top right. The fragmentpossiblyrepresentsa figurein a red garment,with outstretchedarm. Less can be said aboutthis kraterthan the first, but fragment a is sufficientlysimilarto fragmenth of 287 that we may suggest two vases with the same scene, made in two differentworkshops,at the same time. Secondquarter 5th century P1.32 289. Krater C-65-429 (b), C-65-432 (a), C-72-254 (c). Three fragmentsfrom a large krater;each fragmentdiscussed separatelywith specificgrid and lot. a. M-N:25; lot 4435 (early Roman). P.H. 0.06, p.W. 0.056 m. One fragmentof lower wall.
132
^ K
;u 51^
"':*:
~actual
state
" \^ -*
=- l-'
= = =
==^
=^
== = X
rs
+ )-
- - --
restored
FIG. 33. Corinthian outline-style krater 290. Scale 1:2
Glaze fired partly red, partly black; a diluted gray glaze used for details; interior of all fragments glazed brown. Pale clay, fired buff on surface; surface polished, not slipped. Fragment with lower part of skirt with added-purple contour;gray and red decorationof hem; interior folds renderedin thin gray. No indicationof feet, but ascentof hem to right suggests figure flying or running to right. Added-purpleand added-redbands at bottom break for border(?). b. M-N:25; lot 4434 (early Roman). P.H. 0.078, p.W. 0.051 m. Two joining fragmentsof middle wall.
On either side, large patches of red with areas of added white and added purple: folds? Band of added white on lower right red area might indicatetextile pattern.Upper left patch has straightlower edge. In center,thin curving lines of red which convergenear lower break. Diagonal line of red at lower right could be a staff. c (not illustrated). L:26-27; lot 72-129 (third quarter 4th century). P.H. 0.04, p.W. 0.024 m. One fragment of upper wall. Area of red glaze, mostly peeled, with addedpurple over it.
DECORATED FINE WARES: CORINTHIAN OUTLINE STYLE Nothing can be made of fragmentsb and c of this krater; there are additional pieces, not in this catalogue, with large patches of red but no discernibledesigns (see footnote 8 above, p. 129). 5th century 290. Krater Fig. 33, P1. 32 C-64-188. N-0:24-25; lot 2141 (secondhalf 5th century). P.H. 0.114, p.W. 0.185 m. Three joining fragments, from convex wall. Published: Stroud, Hesperia 37, 1968, pl. 91:c; Daux, BCH 88, 1964, p. 696, fig. 11; Pemberton,Archaeology31, Nov.-Dec. 1978, p. 31. Orange core;paler at surface;surfaceneither slipped nor polished. Very worn; decorationin black glaze, peeling. Interiorreserved.On exterior,depictionof temple. At left break, Doric column;egg-and-dartmoldingbelow architrave; below molding, entrance to temple, rosettes above the open doors. Area at right worn, with faint traces of glaze, probably indicating a second column. Above, metope-triglyph frieze: the triglyphs in silhouette, with round guttae below. At upper right, pedimentof temple, with fighting figures in it. Glaze line at top right break over pediment could be part of floral peak akroterion. If the apical akroterionis shown, the pediment would not fill the width of the fragment;thus both the front and part of one flank would be shown on the extant piece. Such a reconstruction,however, would require placing the door off center. Alternatively,the line over the pediment could be accidental,and thus only the facadewould be shown, with the doors open, two columns before it. The architectureis not very accurate:the metopes are placed over the columns;the capitals are too wide for the shafts. But the drawing of the doorsindicatesa very early example of perspectivedrawing. Probablymid-5th century P1.32 291. Krater C-65-434. N-0:22; lot 4475 (third quarter 4th century). P.H. 0.061, p.W. 0.065 m. One fragment of wall. Orange core; soft clay; no exterior slip; interiorreserved. Four parallel lines in added red, running from upper right to lower left, over a brown-blackcurling band and outlined object with scalloped edge: neither a lyre nor a chariot. Another outline at lower left; beginning of large patch of brown at lower break. Despite the poor condition, the drawing is visibly formal and very painstaking. For an additionalfragmentpossibly from 291 see footnote 8 above, p. 129. Classical
133
292d
292b
FIG.34. Corinthianoutline-style kotyle 292. Scale 1:2
292.
Fig. 34, P1.32 Kotyle C-65-291, C-69-180, C-69-182. Four fragmentsfrom a large kotyle, each fragmentdiscussedseparatelywith specificlot and grid. Published: Pemberton,Archaeology31, Nov.-Dec. 1978, p. 33. a (C-69-182). N-0:17-18; lot 6199 (late 5th or early 4th century). P.H. 0.038, D. foot 0.12 m. Six joining fragments;part of lower wall, foot preserved. Pale clay, core: 7.5YR 8/4 (pink), fired orange in spots; pale surface, polished, not slipped: 10YR 8/3 (very pale brown). Ring foot with wide resting surface; straight flaring wall. Undersurface:brown pinwheel design. Inner and outer faces of foot brown; resting surface reserved.Concentricbands of brown glaze on inner wall and floor;no decorationon preservedexterior wall. For pinwheel design: C-37-1037 (Campbell, Hesperia 7, 1938, p. 589, no. 99); design apparentlymost popular before450 B.C. b (C-65-291 a). M-0:17-20, N-0:17-18; lots 3206 (Byzantine), 6199 (late 5th or early 4th century).P.H.
134
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION d (C-69-180). N:18; lot 6198 (third quarter 5th century). P.H. 0.18, p.W. 0.07, est. D. 0.24 m. Two joining fragmentsof upper wall, lip. Head facing left; nose outlinedin addedpurple;eye, hair, crown in brown. Eye not in triangularform. Crown with spiky projections;band decoratedwith a maeander. In field (see Fig. 34): OBPZ[. Three additionalwall fragments,without figureddecoration, preserved,not published. For the subject,compare the oinochoewith the torch race: C-34-362 (Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937, p. 311, no. 235, fig. 40). 292 is earlier by style and context. Secondquarter 5th centuryor slightly earlier
0.107, p.W. 0.138 m. Elevenjoining fragments;part of wall, lip preserved. Three concentricbandsof brown on inner wall. Exterior: boy running right, staff in right hand, another object in left; right leg to rear, left in front. Body outlined in brown; brilliant added-redcloak around back and over both upper arms;folds renderedin black. Raised left leg overlaps cloak of boy running in front of him; traces of added red at extreme right break. Details of face, hair, arms have gone. c (C-65-291 c). 0:22-23; lot 2249 (end of 4th century). P.H. 0.025, p.W. 0.036 m. One fragment of wall. Broad brown band on interior,same width as lowest one on fragmentb. On exterior:foot of figure running or flying right; outline in addedpurple; purple ankle bone.
SAM WIDE GROUP (293-297) The workshop producing these miniature vases was isolated in 1901 by Sam Wide13and originally published as Boeotian.Although Pease comparedthe drawing on the Forum oinochoewith the style of the Sam the Wide figures,14 vessels were still identifiedas Boeotianas late as 1949.15In 1952, Ure re-identifiedthe Sufficientnumbersof them have been foundin the Potters'Quarterand in the fabricrightly as Corinthian.16 Demeter Sanctuaryto verify Corinthianorigin. In 1970, Boardmanproposedgiving the group the name of the scholarwho first discussedthese vases.17 Stillwell and Benson list 19 examples of the group, excludingthose from the Demeter Sanctuaryand the The range of shapes is not great:two-handledstemlesscups, plates, bowls relatedvases with lotus designs.18 or shallow footless dishes, pyxides and lids, and lekanides and lids if the lotus-design vases are included. Curiously, the examples from the Demeter Sanctuarydo not include cups, the most popular shape in the Potters' Quarter examples.19The phiale 281 is possibly a memberof the group; the trailing glaze strokes decoratingthat vase might indicate smoke and so compare with 293 and 295. If it is a Widean work, it introducesa new shape into the repertory.All the vases are small, not truly functionalin size. None of the vases in the group appears to be slipped. A few show polychromy,although no Sanctuary The drawing never approachesthe quality of the large outline vases. The examples are so decorated.20 drawing style is unmistakeable,especiallyin the distinctivefeatures:big heads,tiny torsosand limbs, fringed eyelashes,thick contourlines. Stillwell rightly stressesthe humor often found in this group.21
S. Wide, "Eine lokale Gattung boiotischeGefasse,"AM 26, 1901, pp. 143-156. Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937, p. 312. For the Forum oinochoe,C-36-836, see footnote8 above, p. 129. 15 A. D. Ure, "BoeotianHaloa,"JHS 69, 1949, pp. 18-24. 16A. D. Ure, "The God with the Winnowing-fan,"JHS 72, 1952, p. 121. 17J. Boardman,"A Sam Wide Group Cup in Oxford,"JHS 90, 1970 (pp. 194-195), p. 194. 18 CorinthXV, iii, pp. 368-371. The appendix on the style of the group is by Stillwell; she listed 13 examples, Benson added 5 (note 1); the pyxis in Athens (NC, no. 1515) is surely Widean, notjust related(CorinthXV, iii, p. 370, note 7). There are at least six examples of the relatedlotus vases (called rosebudsby Stillwell). That brings the total numberto 30, with the 5 examplespublished here. 19 The cup is not a popular shape in the Sanctuaryin any technique,fabric,or period. See p. 31 above. 20 Only 294 shows a thin wash of color for the dress of the figure. CP-989, a cup found in 1930 in the Peribolosof Apollo (see Corinth XV, iii, p. 368, no. 9), shows a figure of an archer (Herakles?) drawn in thick black outline, the body having a diluted (yellow) glaze. 21 CorinthXV, iii, p. 369.
13
14
DECORATED FINE WARES: SAM WIDE GROUP
135
FIG.35. Sam Wide plate 295. Scale 1:1
The Wide group has been placed in the later 5th century, probably belonging to the third quarter of that
century.22295 helps to confirmthat date, for one fragmentof it was found in a context dating at the latest
approximately 400 B.C.The similarities in technique with the Vrysoula pottery and the outline vases in the previous section are also chronologically valuable. P1. 32 293. Dish C-65-450. 0:18; lot 4349 (4th century after Christ). Max. dim. 0.056, est. D. floor 0.084 m. One fragment of floor, wall, rim. Flat resting surface, no foot; vertical wall; diagonally flaring rim. Resting surface, outer wall reserved. Inner wall glazed;glaze fired red. On floor:hand holding short flaming torch, with poppy hooked around raised index finger; smoke rising from torch. Glaze at lower break possibly from dress on shoulderof missing figure. For profile:KV 694 (CorinthXV, iii, no. 1215; Callipolitis-Feytmans,p. 164, no. 63, fig. 24). P1.32 294. Dish C-65-440 (a), C-65-506 (b). M-N:12; lot 4409 (4th century after Christ, Byzantine). Two non-joining fragments. a) Max. dim. 0.033 m. One fragment of
22
foot, floor. b) Max. dim. 0.055, est. D. foot 0.04 m. One fragmentof foot, floor. Low ring foot;flat floor;shallow open profile;upper edge not preserved.Foot black;undersurfacereserved. a. Head of woman to left; hair in knot;top of right arm at lower break,extendedto side. Fringedeye; heavy chin, no mouth. Winglike object at left perhaps part of omphaloid basket held by outstretchedarm. b. Outstretched left arm; long dress with overfall (horizontal line in center); over arms a filmy cloak in diluted glaze; dress decorated with dots and triangles. Traces of glaze lines at lower left break;large black drip at right. 295. Plate Fig. 35, P1.32 C-64-219. N-0:23, M-N:25; lots 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin), 4440 (late 5th century).
Ibid. Boardmansummarizesthe argument for the dating ([footnote17 above, p. 134] p. 195). The London cup with the very peculiar male sphinx has been interpretedas a Corinthianmockeryof Kleon. See E. L. Brown, "KleonCaricaturedon a Corinthian Cup,"JHS 94, 1974, pp. 166-170; such an interpretationhas significantbearingon the date.
136
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION P1.32 297. Plate C-64-225. N-0:23; lot 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-centurycoin). Max. dim. 0.111, H. 0.02 m. Two joining fragments;verticalprofile preserved. Published: Stroud, Hesperia 37, 1968, pl. 87:d; Pemberton,Archaeology Nov.-Dec. 1978, p. 30. 31, Footless vessel;low roundedwall; flaring horizontalrim, not sharply offset from wall; lip not preserved.Resting surface reserved; grooves on undersurface. Black and added-redbands at juncture of floor and wall; interior wall with addedred;rim black. Floor:head, upper torso, right arm of woman to left. Dress with scale pattern (aegis?); necklace, snake bracelet; snake rising from right shoulder. Dotted stephane, over which is forward projection of helmet or spiky crown. In right hand, pine cone or phallus. Fringed eyelash especially Widean. Athena? Note the scale dress of Hera on 261. Stroud noted that 296 and 297 are by the same hand.
Max. dim. 0.121, est. D. floor 0.15 m. Two joining fragmentsof floor. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 37, 1968, pl. 87:b. Flat plate, no foot. Woman to left, with left arm raised behind, holding torch and stalk of wheat (?); traces of added red on hair. Added-redband at juncture of floor and wall; undersurfacegrooved.Glaze fired red orange, peeling. 296. Plate P1.32 C-64-208. N-0:24; lot 2143 (early 4th century).Max. dim. 0.069 m. Two joining fragmentsof floor. Traces of burning. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 37, 1968, pl. 87:c. Floor: lower face and upper torso of woman to left, broken off abovenose; V-neck peplos, folds indicatedby glaze lines; heavy chin, pronouncedlips, curly hair; right arm bent back to face, holding a poppy. Glaze fired orange; undersurfacewith concentricgroovesin center. Combinationof large head, tiny arms holding objects typical of Widean format.
CORINTHIAN RED FIGURE (298-304)

Corinthian red-figured pottery has been most recently studied and published by Herbert and McPhee.23
The analyses of clay, technique, style, and relation with Attic red figure are not repeatedhere. Four of the seven fragmentsdiscussedin this section were previouslypublishedby Herbert. Four additionalfragments
presented in that publication are not republished, but I list below the grid and lot references for them: CorinthVII, iv, no. 33: C-65-541. O-P:13-15; lot 4385 (secondhalf 2nd centuryafter Christ) no. 155: C-65-521. 0:23; lot 4347 (end of 4th century) no. 162: C-64-398. N-0:23; lot 2152 (4th-centurypottery,2nd-centurycoin) no. 164: C-72-246. K-L:24-25; no lot There are considerably more fragments of Corinthian red figure in the Sanctuary pottery. Most are too
small and too poorly preservedfor publication.The technique is not well suited to Corinthianclay, and the
action of the soil in the Sanctuary has destroyed most of the slip, black glaze, and miltos on each sherd,
making the scenes virtually illegible. Herbert rightly notes the popularityof the skyphosshape amongthe Corinthianred-figuredfragmentsin That there may have been dedicatoryfunctionsfor these skyphoiis, however,unclear.If the the Sanctuary.24
votive kalathiskoi are excluded, the majority of vessels from the Sanctuary are in the drinking category. One
may also comparethe popularityof importedred-figuredskyphoi (61, 343-360).

The findspots of the fragments are not particularly revealing. All the pieces of the hydria 298 are from the
Middle Terrace; the vase was possibly used in a Classical building under the Trapezoidal Stoa (Building
N-P:20-25; see Group 6). Also from the Middle Terrace are 303, 304, and parts of 300. Unpublished
fragmentscome from the dining-roomfills of the Lower Terrace, as did C-72-246, noted above. Very few sherds were found in the Upper Terrace;one, 301, belongs to the late Roman destructionfill of the Mosaic
Building (T-U:19); a few others were found in surface levels. No particular pattern is discernible from the excavated contexts. Therefore, we cannot be sure if the Corinthian red-figured pottery from the Demeter Sanctuary is votive or utilitarian.
23 24
CorinthVII, iv; I. McPhee, "LocalRed Figure from Corinth, 1973-1980," Hesperia 52, 1983, pp. 137-153. Corinth VII, iv, p. 66.
DECORATED FINE WARES: CORINTHIAN RED FIGURE P1.33 298. Hydria C-61-475. Q:25, R:25, 0:22-23; lots 881 (third quarter 4th century), 1953 (Byzantine), 2250 (end of 4th century),73-139 (secondquarter4th century).a) P.H. 0.064, p.W. 0.13 m. Four joining fragmentsof lower wall. b) P.H. 0.07, p.W. 0.06 m. Five joining fragments of lower wall. c) P.H. 0.037, p.W. 0.062 m. Three joining fragments of upper wall, shoulder. d) P.H. 0.015, p.W. 0.037 m. One fragmentof upper wall. e) P.H. 0.044, p.W. 0.036 m. Two joining fragments of upper wall, shoulder. Published: Corinth VII, iv, no. 123, pp. 57-58, pl. 20. Hydria with high ovoid wall mergingwith flat shoulder. Interiorreserved. a (d). Lower wall black. Borderof figure zone: spiral tendril with dots and leaves, between horizontal bands. At upper right, back hoof of horse; large round object (vase?). Spiral ends at right break:end of figured panel on front of hydria. b (c). Horses galloping left; forelegs of two horses overlappingbody of third. At top left, mane of one horse, upper neck of another.Ground line at lower break. c (a). At left, back of head and mane of horse. At right, rider in chariot(?),extendedright arm, probablyholding goad;loweredleft hand with reins;upper chestwith lines for folds of chlamys; beginning of chin at upper right break. d (e). At left, neck and mane of horse movingleft; part of rider at right. e (b). At right break, muzzle of horse going left; peeling glaze. Spasmodicuse of relief contour;raised relief line for interiordetails;diluted (yellow) glaze for horses' reins. Style close to some fragments of Herbert's Sketch Painter. Compare hand of fragment c with C-37-257 (CorinthVII, iv, no. 80, p. 49, pl. 14). Early 4th century 299. Bell-krater P1.33 C-65-523. N-0:23; lots 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin), 4474 (mid-4th century). P.H. 0.098, p.W. 0.132 m. Six joining fragments of wall, beginningof rim. Published:CorinthVII, iv, no. 20, p. 34, pl. 3. Convex wall, flaring rim. Interior with thin peeling glaze. At left, woman facing right, preservedto just above waist; hair pulled up in a knot, ribbonin hair;wearing a chiton and carryinga flat-toppedchest;scarffalling from right hand. Circular objects on top of chest. At right, youth facing right;nude torso, petasosbehindneck, strap acrosstorso;cloak encirclinglower torso and comingover
137
right arm; right hand on hip, visible at lower break. Laurel wreath on rim. Flat interior relief lines (peeling); no contour lines. Diluted yellow glaze for strap on youth's torso;white on hair fillet. Attributedby Herbertto the Pelikai Painter. Late 5th century 300. Bell-krater P1.33 C-65-522. M:17-18, Q-T:16-20, and surface areas; lot 3222 (first half 3rd century after Christ), 4377 (theatralarea, surface),6214 (surface).a) P.H. 0.073, p.W. 0.135 m. Two joining fragmentsof lower wall. b) P.H. 0.026, p.W. 0.06 m. One fragmentof lower wall. c) P.H. 0.049, p.W. 0.047 m. One fragmentof midwall. Published:CorinthVII, iv, no. 39, p. 41, pi. 9. Convex wall, becoming vertical in upper part. Interior black glazed. a (a). Black band and pink line below as border. At left, palmette under handle. At right, woman moving right;dressbillowing to left underpalmette;curvedmodeling lines of chiton over bent right leg, straight lines of dress over advancingleft leg; dress decoratedwith small circles, spiral pattern on border;lower quills of wings preserved.Herbert suggestedidentificationof this figure as Nike. Drapery of secondfigurevisible at right break. b (c). Foot, chiton hem of figure moving right on ground line; curvilinearpattern over chiton folds; horizontal lines at top break for edge of cloak. c (b). At top left, breast of frontal woman in thin pleated chiton; dotted cloak covering upper left arm (at right break), passing behind torso, across waist, thrown over extendedlower left arm. No contourlines; for the use of relief line see Corinth VII, iv, p. 41. Microscopicexamination shows that the vase was coveredwith a thin yellow slip. Diluted glaze for some dress folds on fragments a and c. Traces of addedwhite on palmetteleaves,wing on a. Attributedby Herbert to the Hermes Painter, although glaze and slip of 300 are inferior. First quarter4th century 301. Skyphos P1.33 C-73-99. T-U:19; lot 73-100 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.072, p.W. 0.053 m. Fragmentof wall and rim. Concavewall, rim slightly everted.Interiorblack glazed. At right, tip of palmette decoration. Profile head and frontaltorsoof woman lookingleft;sleevelesschiton;hair in knot with pink snood over it; diluted brown for curls around face; traces of added white on hair; dress shows multitude of linear folds, some in full glaze, some in diluted (yellow) glaze; both breastspoint left. Rim border of dottedeggs betweenblack lines.
138
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION aboveblack originallyon lower wall, now peeled,leaving brown stain. At left, right foot with raised heel. At right, flying loose draperyon figure, moving right. b. Glaze of lower wall at lower break;ground line as fragmenta. At left, foot and lower cloak of figure facing right; second figure facing left; foot of figure visible at lower right break, wearing cloak, holding staff or spear (thin vertical line between peeled glaze areas). Drawing of figureson b inferiorto those of a; figuresof b probably cloakedyouths on lesser side of skyphos. No contour lines; flat interior details; hooks at end of draperylines on figures of b. See 304. End of 5th or beginningof 4th century 304. Skyphos P1.33 C-70-204. M:23-24; lot 6508 (miscellaneous finds). a) P.H. 0.081, p.W. 0.074 m. Five joining fragments of wall. b) P.H. 0.06, p.W. 0.046 m. One fragmentof wall, rim. Slight flare of rim. Interior glazed, peeled, fired gray brown. a (b). Handle palmette of tall curving leaves, angular calyx. b (a). Wall design faded;both glaze and miltos gone, figures cannot be discerned. Top of wall with running dottedzigzag between bands. This may belongto 303; the interiorglaze and thinness of fabricare similar. End of 5th or beginningof 4th century
Slight contourline; little relief visible in interior lines; sketch lines on the body very visible. Closer to the Hermes Painter than to the Pelikai Painter;renderingof chiton differentfrom that of both artists. Relief line of facial contourtypical of Hermes Painter. Very early Corinthian red figure. For another early skyphos see C-37-439 (Corinth VII, iv, no. 151, p. 66, pl. 25). The incipient concavitybelow the rim requires the early date.
Ca. 420-410
B.C.
302. Skyphos P1.33 C-62-943. R:25; lot 1953 (Byzantine). P.H. 0.049, p.W. 0.056 m. One fragmentof upper wall. Published:CorinthVII, iv, no. 124, p. 58, pl. 20. Interior glazed streaky black. At right, large volute palmette (under handle). At left, crestedhelmet and part of aegis of Athena, facing left. Contour line around aegis; strong relief line for interior details, especially on aegis. Attributedby Herbert to the Hermes Painter. End of 5th century 303. Skyphos P1.33 C-73-327 (a), C-73-328 (b). M-N:23-24; no lot. a) P.H. 0.074, p.W. 0.082 m. Two joining fragments of lower wall. b) P.H. 0.077, p.W. 0.14 m. Four joining fragmentsof lower wall. Interiorglazed, peeling, fired gray brown. a. Reserved band with added pink as ground line
NON-CORINTHIAN
BLACK FIGURE (305-329)
The pieces published in this section are representative of the imported black-figured material from this site. All are Attic except 323, of an undetermined fabric. Most are later than the Corinthian black-figured vases.
Only two, 318 and 319, date to before550 B.C.; the rest comefromthe late 6th centuryand the first decadesof
the 5th. Drinking shapes, kylikes and skyphoi, are the predominant types. There are many fragments of late palmette cup-skyphoi in the context pottery; none have been inventoried, as all are very poorly preserved. There are also several late black-figured lekythoi from the early 5th century. 326, 45 (Group 3), and 327, white ground, illustrate this import. Many fragments have parallels in the material from the Rectangular Rock-cut Shaft in the Athenian Agora.25 The Nikosthenic pyxis 328, the epinetron 329, and the later Panathenaic amphora fragments 305-307 stand out as rarities among the Attic black-figured imports. It appears that cost was the determining factor for the choice of these vases. Late black figure was surely less expensive than contemporary red figure. If a visitor to the Demeter Sanctuary wanted to bring with him an imported vase, possibly with a certain popularity (especially a drinking vessel), a black-figured skyphos would be more affordable than a red-figured cup. Dedications of red-figured vases increased in number only after the technique was mass-produced and thus less costly. It was surprising, however, to find such a relatively high amount of Attic fabric in the Sanctuary, given the typical inexpensive vessel found in the excavations. It is also noteworthy, although probably coincidental, that many of the vessels in this section
25 Vanderpool,Hesperia 7,
1938, and especially Vanderpool,Hesperia 15, 1946.
DECORATED FINE WARES: NON-CORINTHIAN BLACK FIGURE
139
vessels and not specificallyrelatedto the worship of Dionysos in the Sanctuary.26 I am very gratefulto Mary Moore, who gave her time and expertiseto examine the fragmentsand identified several shapes, classes, and hands. Panathenaicamphora P1.34 C-61-397. P-Q:24; lot 896 (second half 4th century after Christ). a) P.H. 0.045, p.W. 0.085 m. Three joining wall fragments.b) P.H. 0.067, p.W. 0.09 m. Three joining wall fragments. a. Wall decorationshowing the overfallof Athena'speplos. Thick added-white decoration.Trace of black glaze at upper right break. b. At right break, probablythe tapering and swelling of the peplos at the waist; the diagonalline representsthe narrowcloak behindAthena'sback,loopedoverthe right arm; the left-hand area is the falling end of the cloak. Athena faces right. See British Museum B 610 (ABV, p. 417; CVA, British Museum 1 [Great Britain 1], pl. 4 [34]:3), for similar cloak arrangment.Probablyfrom the same vase as 306. After 359 B.C. Panathenaicamphora P1.34 C-65-448. N:26; lot 4478 (later Hellenistic). P.H. 0.064, p.W. 0.091 m. One fragmentfrom neck. Concaveneck of large Panathenaicamphora. Long rays between lines, over which is crestedhelmet to right, with spiraling supportto cap. After 359 B.C.;see J. D. Beazley, The Developmentof
Attic Black-Figure, London 1951, p. 98.
seem to have Dionysiac scenes. That fact is probably due to the appropriateness of the subject for drinking
305.
308. Attic hydria P1.34 C-64-197. N:22-23; lot 2177 (later 5th century).P.H. 0.048, p.W. 0.06 m. One fragmentof shoulder. Flat, almost horizontal shoulder of hydria. Thin black lines at lower edge; satyr running right, right arm bent, left extendedin frontof body;addedpurple on tail, beard (mostlypeeled). Sketchy,effectivedrawing. Later 6th century 309. Attic hydria PI. 34 C-64-75. Q-R:26-29; lot 2038 (first half 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.068, p.W. 0.075 m. One fragment of upper wall, beginningof shoulder. Vertical wall, contractingat lower break;convex turn to flat shoulder.On wall: woman's raised arm and hand in added white over black, braceletson wrist, palm turned backto missingface. Male to right, shaggy incisedhair in a knot, short-sleevedchiton, cloak over left arm, falling behind back;arms extendedin front of body, holding kithara; top of kithara frame in added white visible above head, cross bar at foreheadextendingto break. Branches in field. Glaze line at shoulder; feet(?) of figure on shoulder. See Louvre C 10629 (CVA, Louvre 11 [France 18], pi. 151 [824]:3)for similar subject,style;but 309 is looser in drawing. Apollo, followedby Leto? Late 6th century 310. Attic oinochoe P1.34 C-73-260. K-L:23; lot 73-102 (mid-5th century with Roman intrusion). P.H. 0.053, p.W. 0.036 m. One wall fragment. From wall of small closed vessel, with high ovoid wall, turning continuously into shoulder at top break; probably an oinochoe.Surfacebadly chipped.At left, left half of woman in peplos, facing left, left arm down, hand across body. Second woman, better preserved,in same pose at right;right arm raised,face to left;addedwhite on arms, face, added purple on blouse. In front of women, nude youth stoopingto left, arms in front of body, lifting some objectto left of break. Glaze and incision of his upper right arm do not match. Third quarter 6th century 311. Attic closedvessel PI. 34 C-69-302. N-O:17-18; lot 6199 (late 5th-early 4th century).P.H. 0.058, p.W. 0.071 m. Fivejoining fragments of wall.
306.
PI. 34 Panathenaicamphora C-64-442. 0:26-27; lot 2051 (later 3rd century).P.H. 0.12, Th. bottom 0.011, Th. top 0.005 m. Ten joining fragmentsof upper shoulder,part of neck. Sloping shoulder turning continuously into neck; relatively narrow neck with raised molding; scars of upper attachmentof handle on neck at left, lower attachmentat right. Upper part of preservedinterior glazed to just below moldingarea. Long tonguesbetween lines; one small part of lower borderpreserved;reservedbands on either side of molding;molding black;black panels behindhandles;abovemoldingvery linear palmettes,alternatingbetween full palmettesand three-petaledtype. Uneven application of glaze. Although the drawing of the rays is similar to the rays of 306, the thickness and curvatureof the fragmentand the surface of the interior differ; it is unlikely that 306 and 307 are from the same amphora. See British Museum B 610 (under 305 above) for the neck floral. 307 is sloppier. 307.
26
For Dionysos in the Demeter Sanctuarysee Stroud,Hesperia 37, 1968, pp. 329-330.
140
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 314. Attic skyphos P1.35 C-65-419. N:22; lot 4391 (later 5th century). P.H. 0.046, D. foot 0.086 m. Foot, part of lower wall preserved. Ring foot; convex wall becoming vertical at top break. Undersurfacewith traces of added miltos; black central dot and concentriccircle;two thin glaze lines. Inner face of foot black;restingsurfacereserved; outer foot and lower wall black;black band as groundline. Skinny,voluted palmette at left break. Figure facing right, in long dress and cloak, tassels at tip of cloak. Second figure facing right, leaning on staff, feet crossed.Third figure facing right, with dress as first figure. Sketchyincision, no added colors;interiorglazed. See Vanderpool,Hesperia 15, 1946, p. 294, nos. 8195: Ure type K 2. 314 is poorerin quality than any examples from the AthenianAgora deposit. Early 5th century 315. Attic cup-skyphos P1.35 C-62-852. P:23-24; lot 1993 (mid-4th century). P.H. 0.057, est. D. lip 0.112 m. Six joining fragmentsof upper wall, lip. Convex wall, contractingfor foot at lower break; short concave rim; rounded lip. Scar of handle attachmentat left break. Interior glazed; reservedband below lip. Exterior: two lower bands; two heraldic sphinxes; added white originallyon faces;no incision. On either side, voluted palmettesattachedto handles;addedwhite on calyx; no incision. Brown line at offset of rim;rim and lip black. For the type see P. N. Ure, Sixth and Fifth Century Pottery from Rhitsona, London 1927, grave 112.68, p. 64, pl. 19, type E 3. Early 5th century 316. Attic deep cup PI. 35 C-64-35. P-Q:26-27, P:26; lots 2009 (3rd to first half 4th century after Christ), 4408 (5th century). P.H. 0.063, est. D. lip 0.25 m. Two joining fragments of wall, rim. Vertical wall; short concaveoffset rim; roundedlip. Interior glazed; reservedband at lip; exterior with line at offset of rim; rim black. On wall: bearded satyr, preserved to waist, right arm raised, facing right; elbow of secondfigure at right break. See 317. 317. Attic deep cup P1.35 C-62-301. O-R:23-24; lot 1955 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.022, p.W. 0.035 m. One wall fragment. Interior glazed. Exterior: woman standing to left, left arm bent back,wearing shortjacket. No traceof white on flesh. Probablyfrom the same vessel as 316.
From wall of large globular closedvessel, an oinochoeor small neck amphora.At left, beardedcloakedman facing right, staff in right hand, left arm extended;addedpurple on beard.At right, secondcloakedfigure facing left; lower chest, upper legs preserved;end of cloak hanging from left shoulderat right break. Sketchy,quick incision. Later 6th century 312. P1. 34 C-61-464. P:24, P-Q:20-22; lots 877 (early 3rd century), 2156 (4th century after Christ, Byzantine). a) P.H. 0.034, p.W. 0.05 m. One wall fragment. b) P.H. 0.017, p.W. 0.022 m. One wall fragment. High ovoid wall of closed vessel, turning continuously into shoulder. a. Maenad, head to left, right arm across chest, left arm out with palm facing outwards;skin originally with added white; added-purple fillet in hair; added-white and added-purple dots on cloak and skirt. Grapes and dottedbranch in field. b. Head of satyr to right; added-purplebeard;stain of added white below. In field, branch;arm or other object at upper right break. Later 6th century Attic closedvessel 313. Attic skyphos P1.34 C-64-401. P:26; lot 2046 (late 5th century). a) P.H. 0.134, est. D. lip 0.21 m. Many joining fragments; plaster restoration.b) P.H. 0.054, p.W. 0.056 m. Five joining fragmentsof wall. c) P.H. 0.065, p.W. 0.05 m. Four joining fragmentsof wall. Tall convex wall, continuouswith concaverim, rounded lip. Interior glazed, reserved band on lip. Exterior lip black; horizontal band on rim with dots on either side; two bands at top of wall. Figures on wall as follows: a. Woman movingleft in cloak;stain of addedwhite on neck, extended right arm, left hand (in front of torso); legs without added white. Winged phallus'flying right towards figure moving left, preservedfrom waist down, in cloak over chiton, which is decorated with crosses. Ground line visible at lower break. Branchesin field. b. Woman (maenad?) facing left, preserved from shoulder to waist, in voluminous cloak; stain of added white on left hand in front of body and on extendedright arm and hand, holding drinking horn (?). Branchesbehind right arm; glaze of undetermined object at left break. c. Figure in chiton and cloak moving right, rear leg and lower body preserved;ground lines at lower break; beginning of secondfigure at left break. There are uninventoried fragments of skyphoi with similar late black-figuredesigns; the type had a certain popularityin the Sanctuary. Early 5th century
DECORATED FINE WARES: NON-CORINTHIAN BLACK FIGURE See Vanderpool, Hesperia 15, 1946, p. 135, no. 30, pl. 23:8. 318. Attic Siana cup P1.35 C-65-453. 0:18; lot 4349 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.02, p.W. floor0.059 m. One fragmentfromupper stem, inner floor. Flaring conical stem; centralcone in stem;flat floor with only beginning of upward flare preserved.Undersurface coneglazed;interiorand exteriorof stemglazed; reserved; exterior wall glazed. Glaze fired red. Floor: all figures face right; woman holding two wreaths; dress of second figure behind her; elbow and arm of third at right break; hand of fourth at left break.All arms show stain of added with stars,crosshatchwhite. Dress elaboratelydecorated ing, triangles, and incised circles, in horizontalbands albandsin addedpurple. ternatingwith undecorated Attributedto the C Painter by H. A. G. Brijder. Secondquarter 6th century 319. Attic Siana cup P1. 35 C-65-444. P:26, L:19; lots 2012 (early 5th century), 4408 (5th century), 73-107 (mid-5th century). Max. dim. 0.128, est. D. inner tondo 0.106 m. Four joining fragmentsof floorof cup; aboutone fourthof floorpreserved;inner break at beginningof stem. Exterior: Black around missing foot; outer bands of addedwhite, purple, white; black rays;S-maeanderwith three black lines above and below as border for figure zone of wall. Lower legs and feet of two males walking left. Interior:Legs of Herakles and Nemean lion. Tondo borderof three black lines; tongues alternatelyof added purple and black between black lines; outer lines; black on inner wall. Glaze fired partly red. By the Heidelberg Painter. See very similar example in Taranto (ABV, p. 66, no. 55; CVA, Taranto 3 [Italy 35], pi. 26 [1569]:4342). Secondquarter 6th centuryB.c. 320. Attic band cup P1. 35 C-62-843. P:23-24; lot 1993 (mid-4th century). P.H. 0.027, p.W. 0.025 m. One fragment of upper wall, rim. Convex upper wall; concave offset rim. Interior glazed. On wall: siren to left, addedwhite on chest;added-purple line on wing; addedwhite by feathers. Rim glazed. Mid- or third quarter 6th century 321. Attic lip cup P1.35 C-65-452. 0:18; lot 4349 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.028, p.W. 0.029 m. One fragmentof rim. Offset concaverim. Interiorglazed;reservedband below lip; lip black. On rim: satyr to right, right arm extended; added purple in hair and beard; black object at right
141
break, with added white, unclear: bent arm of maenad and part of dress? Third quarter6th century 322. Attic lip cup
C-62-363.
PI. 35
R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H.
0.031, p.W. 0.036 m. One fragmentof wall, rim, lip. Convex wall, slightly concaverim, roundedlip. Interior glazed; reservedband below lip; lip black. On exterior wall: added-purpleline at top of wall. On rim: silhouette warrior advancingleft, shield raised, no weapon in right hand;beginningof secondfigure at left break. Third quarter 6th century P1.35 323. Cup C-73-360. 0:22-23, Q:26; lots 2249 (end of 4th century), 73-137 (first quarter 5th century). a) P.H. 0.024, p.W. 0.037 m. One wall fragment. b) Max. dim. 0.037 m. One wall fragment. Hard, non-micaceous clay; core: 5YR 6-5/6 (reddishyellow), streaky surface slip. C-50-67 has a very similar surface slip but a core redderin color;latter is possibly Euboean, accordingto L. Siegel, Corinthian Trade in the 9th through 6th Centuries B.C., diss. Yale University 1978,no. 225, p. 280. From the wall of an open deep cup, neither Corinthian nor Attic. a. Chariot, with part of charioteerin silhouette;reins visible at top; tails of two pairs of horses at right; lefthand tails in added white, brown; right-hand pair in brown, addedpurple;hoof at left break. b. Part of wheel, horses' tails. Good drawing, careful incision, colorfulsurface. Later 6th century P1.35 324. Attic plate C-65-414. N:22; lot 4391 (later 5th century). Max. dim. 0.08 m. One fragmentof outer floor. Undersurfacewith streakyglaze;beginningof thickening for foot discernible.On floor: figure in blousing chiton turned to left, left arm and torso preserved. In field: branchesand dots, two of larger dots with added white (now peeled). At right, beginning of cloak(?) of second figure. See 325. 325. Attic plate Fig. 16, P1.35 C-64-438. N:22, lot 2171 (mid-5th century). P.L. 0.073, est. inner D. of floor 0.165 m. One fragmentof outer floor, foot, lower rim. Ring foot; outer narrow ledge from which rises convex lower rim, flaring out horizontally at break. Surface slightly polished. Foot and ledge glazed, fired partly red. Interior wall with peeling miltos. Upper rim surface glazed. On floor: outer band of dots; tondo with dotted branchesand an arm(?). From the same plate as 324.
142
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION continuous with inner wall. Interior glazed; flange and rim glazed;lip reserved.Figured scene on exteriorwall: a (C-65-545). Linked lotus-bud chain below, narrow bands above. Figure zone shows legs, all to left; one front leg, two hind legs, belly of horse, behind which are legs and spear of a youth;secondyouth at right break. b (C-72-241 d). Lotus chain as fragment a; leg of youth to right; glaze at upper break uncertain pattern; foot to left at right break. c (C-72-241 a+c). From left: two youths to left, second with spear, added-purple hair; woman in chiton(?) to left, added-whitefillet, right hand close to face; youth to right (face missing), added-purplehair, spear; bird flying left; youth with horse, spear, facing right;two additionalyouths holding spears, facing right, first with added-purplehair, secondwith added-whitefillet. d (C-72-241 b). Athena to left, right hand raised, left holding spear (tip preserved);flesh originally in added white; added-purpleaegis;high crestedhelmet. Traces of glaze at left and right breaks. e (C-72-241 e; not illustrated). Added-purplehair of youth, to left at left break;glaze at right break for spear tip. For comparison,see the pyxis Eleusis 576 (Paralipomena, p. 106), a larger, more elaborate example of the Nikosthenicshape, by Painter N. The subjectof 328 may be a gatheringof athletesin honorof Athena;they are not soldiers, for they carry only one spear and are without armor.A Panathenaicreference? Third quarter 6th century 329. Attic epinetron P1.36 C-64-312. 0:26, P:26, 0:27; lots 2026 (mid-5th century), 2046 (late 5th century), 2212 (mid- or third quarter5th century).P.L. 0.187, p.W. 0.135 m. About one half preserved; lateral edge below figure scenepreserved.Many joining fragments;plaster restoration. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 37, 1968, pl. 92:d. Transverse band of rays, bounded by black, decorating open end. Upper area decoratedwith incised scale pattern. Glaze band limited by lines, separatingscales from figured zone. Scene: Woman to left, wrapped in cloak, left arm raisedwithin cloak;addedwhite on face. Man to right, seen from back, wearing himation, right arm up with two fingersextended.Woman facing him, in chiton and cloak, left arm wrapped in cloak, right raised to first man; addedwhite on flesh, added-purplefillet in hair. At right break,man to right, leaning on staff (now missing), wearing cloak, right hand on hip. Ribbon(?)hanging between first two figures. Probablyone additionalfigure in the scene, now lost. Attributedto a follower of the Sappho and Diosphos Painters (Elaine Banks, M.A. thesis Universityof Maryland, 1972), probablyrepresentinga homecomingscene.
Ca. 480 B.C.
Cleiboulos Workshop; see D. Callipolitis-Feytmans, Les plats attiques, Paris 1974, no. 9, p. 471, fig. 71, pls. 87-92, esp. pl. 90, no. 20 (Athens, N.M. Akr. 2459).
Early 5th century
B.C.
326. Attic lekythos P1.36 C-73-259. L:23; no lot. P.H. 0.083, D. 0.047 m. Foot, upper neck, rim, handle missing. Tapering lower body; cylindrical wall with maximum diameter at shoulder;offset sloping shoulder continuous with concaveneck;scar of handle preserved.Lower body black; wide band; thin line as ground for figure zone. Above figure zone, black line at shoulder;debased lotus buds on shoulder;strokes on neck; two motifs separated by dots. Figure zone:satyr to right;maenadto right holding krotala;Dionysos seatedto right, head to left; maenad running right, head turnedto left. Vine branchesin field. Maenads' skin in addedwhite; addedwhite on Dionysos' beard and cloak. Class of Athens 581 (Moore).
Early 5th century B.C.
327. Attic white-groundlekythos P1. 36 C-65-312. M:16-17; lot 3229 (late Hellenistic). P.H. 0.049, p.W. 0.037 m. One fragmentof wall. Hard, creamy white slip on surface;glaze is thin, often orange. On wall: white-ground figure zone 0.042 m. high; two glaze lines below, one above;maeanderon wall below figure zone. Figure zone: outstretchedarm at left break holding knotted club; figure facing left in long dress, holding skirt in left hand, staff with animal skin in right hand. Addedred on tassels at bottomof skin;addedred dots on outer areas of upheld skirt; peeled addedwhite dots on verticalsectionof upper dress.Glaze of face thin; possible stain of addedwhite on glaze of right arm. In field, dots of imitation inscription. Secondquarter 5th century 328. Nikosthenic pyxis P1.36 C-65-545, C-72-241. 0:26, N:26, N:28, N-0:25-26, K-L:23; lots 2057 (second or early third quarter 5th century), 2075 (early 5th century), 2196 (end of 5th century), 2198 (late 5th century),2253 (early 4th century), 72-208 (second quarter 5th century), 73-102 (mid-5th century with Roman intrusion), 75-248 (mid-5th century). a) P.H. 0.055 m. One lower-wall fragment.b) P.H. 0.036 m. One lower-wall fragment. c) P.H. 0.048, est. inner D. 0.15 m. Five joining fragments of wall, rim, flange;plaster restoration.d) P.H. 0.06 m. Four joining fragments of wall, rim, flange. e) P.H. 0.031 m. One fragmentof wall, rim, flange. Tall cylindrical wall, contractingto stem and (missing) foot; wide, projecting ledge for flange, with horizontal surface to hold lid; short vertical rim with flattenedlip,
DECORATED FINE WARES: NON-CORINTHIAN RED FIGURE NON-CORINTHIAN RED FIGURE (330-370)
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Of the 41 examples discussed in this section,27 one in Group 5 (61), and the two in Group 6 (73, 74), all but three are Attic imports. 341 is a South Italian epichysis; 331 and 365 do not appear to be Attic, but their origins are unknown. 61 is unclear. The quality varies more than the imported black-figure work. The Sanctuary yielded several interesting examples of early red figure (334, 335, 368), some very fine 5th-century fragments, especially among the skyphoi, and some distinctive, if not high-caliber, later material (73, 360, 369). The Apulian epichysis 341, the white-ground lekythos 366 (included in this section), and the miniature lebes gamikos 333 stand out as special vases, as surprising as the Panathenaics in the black-figure section. Kraters, skyphoi, and kylikes constitute the bulk of the red-figure shapes, both in the catalogue and in the many uninventoried fragments, repeating the popular shapes in the imported black figure. The numbers of skyphoiof about 470-430 B.C. is high; the large size of some is also noteworthy(350-355, 358). The painters represented range from among the very best (Makron, 361; a Dourian hand, 363; Penthesilean style, 344, 345); Pistoxenos Painter, 364; Lewis Painter, 346-349), to the mediocre (333, Painter of Athens 1256). All the fragments, in the catalogue and those not inventoried, were examined by Ian D. McPhee. He identified several of the shapes (369, 370) and attributed some fragments. I am grateful to him. P1.37 C-61-480. 0:24-25, N-0:24-25, N-0:23, M-0:2729; lots 890 (2nd century after Christ), 2141 (second half 5th century), 2142 (first quarter 4th century), 2143 (early 4th century), 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin), 2157 (4th century after Christ), 2210 (4th century after Christ). a) P.H. 0.10, p.W. 0.097, Th. bottom0.005, Th. top 0.007 m. Fivejoining fragments of shoulder, wall. b) P.H. 0.047, p.W. 0.066, Th. bottom 0.005, Th. top 0.006 m. One wall fragment. c) P.W. 0.079, Th. bottom 0.006, Th. top 0.009 m. Three joining fragmentsof upper shoulder. d) P.H. 0.076, est. D. rim 0.18-0.19, Th. bottom 0.01 m. Two joining fragmentsof neck, rim. e) P.L. 0.087 m. One fragmentof upper neck. Convex wall; long sloping shouldercontinuouswith wall and neck; concave wide neck; flaring rim with convex overhangingouter face, roundedpeakedlip, flat horizontal inner face. a (d). Upper zone: front leg of stool with plump cushion on it; diluted glaze for details. Abovechair, bottomof kalathos, probably held by draped figure facing left, wrappedtightly in cloak, left hand on hip. Reservedband between zones. Lower zone: top of sakkosof woman facing left; dottedwreath or fillet at right. b (e). Upper zone: curving object, probably leg of a chair. Lower zone: boy wrapped in cloak, looking right, head inclined; figure holding tray with fruits or cakes (arm holding tray visible below). Curving line of glaze at right break probablyfor sleeve. c (c). Enscrolled palmette-and-lotusborder of figure zone; reservedline below. Head of woman facing right, wearing sakkos. Dotted wreath or fillet hanging fromtop of zone. Head of figure facing left at right break. 330. Attic hydria d (a) and e (b; not illustrated). Inner neck glazed to shoulder;wall and shoulderreservedinside. Inner face of mouth and lip glazed. On rim: enclosedeggs with miltos in reservedarea; miltos on band at tip of rim before lip. Underside of rim reserved;streaky glaze on outer neck. Enscrolledpalmetteborderfor top of figure zone. Miltos on some figures.Very low relief line for interior details, no contour line. Heavy accumulation of glaze aroundreservedareas. The two-row hydria is not common but was reasonably popularin the PolygnotanGroup, as was the type of palmetteand lotus on the neck. Third quarter 5th century 331. Hydria P1.37 C-61-474 (b), C-62-944 (a). Q:25, R:25; lots 881 (third quarter 4th century), 885 (first half 4th century), 1953 (Byzantine),6215 (stairwaycuts). a) P.H. 0.048, D. foot 0.055 m. Two joining fragmentsof most of foot, lower wall. b) P.H. 0.05, D. rim 0.061 m. Three joining fragments of shoulder, neck, mouth, top of vertical handle. Fine clay with slight mica, a few fine, dark inclusions; core: 5YR 7-6/6 (reddish yellow). Ring foot:outer face with compoundcurve,stronglyconcave inner face, wide resting surface (0.005 m.); inset undersurface. Convex flaringwall; sloping shouldercontinuous with short concave neck; flaring undercut rim with compoundcurve of vertical face of rim, peaked lip set off from inner face; sloping convex upper surface merging into neck; oval handle, attached to neck below rim. Undersurfaceand face of inner foot black; resting surface black with reservedbands either side; outer foot black; lower and upper bordersof figure zone with dots
27 There are fewer than 41 vases actuallyrepresentedin the catalogue.Severalfragmentspublishedseparatelyseem to be fromthe same vessel, but becausethere was no absolutecertainty,it seemedsaferto describethe fragmentsindividually,notingthe likelihood of derivationfrom the same vessel.
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION Right-hand Eros with wreath in left hand, box in right. Left-hand Eros with mirror in right hand, holds bride's hand with left. Under left handle, woman facing right with chest and scarfin right hand, bowl with scarfin left. Under right handle, woman to left with box and scarf in left hand, fan in right. On side B (P1.37: view D): winged woman flying left with mirror.Applied clay dots at top of bowl, above obverse.On shoulder:tongues with dots between tips; neck ring and neck black. No contour, no relief lines. Details are sparse;dots for ears and mouths, few indicationsof draperyfolds. By the Painter of Athens 1256; ARV2, p. 1506 (McPhee). 334. Attic calyx-krater P1.38 C-61-228. O-P:25, 0:24-25, P:27, M:26, P:26, 0:2627, O-Q:22-23, P-Q:20-22, N:27, N-0:19-20, L:2627; lots 889 (first quarter 4th century), 890 (2nd century after Christ), 2050 + 2010 (lots combined;late Roman), 2021 (early Roman), 2049 (early 4th-century pottery,coin of Ptolemy I), 2155 (4th centuryafter Christ), 2156 (4th centuryafter Christ, Byzantine), 2204 (first half 4th century), 2247 (4th century after Christ), 72-128 (third quarter 4th century). a) P.H. 0.139, p.W. 0.11, Th. 0.006 m. Fourjoining fragments of vertical wall, beginning of thickened rim. b) P.H. 0.04, p.W. 0.046 m. Three joining fragmentsof wall. c) P.H. 0.07, p.W. 0.08, est. outer D. 0.47 m. One fragmentof upper wall, rim, lip. d) P.H. 0.061, p.W. 0.09 m. Three joining fragmentsof top of wall, rim, lip. e) P.H. 0.048, p.W. 0.093 m. One fragment of rim, lip. f) P.H. 0.08, p.W. 0.061 m. Two fragments of upper wall, rim, lip. Published: E. G. Pemberton, "An Early Red-figured Calyx-krater from Ancient Corinth,"Hesperia 57, 1988, pp. 227-235.
and eggs; upper wall, neck, mouth, handle, interior of neck glazed. Figure zone: a. Two feet and lower skirts of two figures facing each other; traces of miltos on dress of lefthand figure. b. Face of woman to left, badly preserved, possibly with miltos on face; hair surroundedby undulating reservedline. No relief contour.Sloppy drawing;dots used to separatetoes. Clay and drawing seem neitherAttic nor Corinthian;fabric similar to 365. End of 5th or beginningof 4th century 332. Attic hydria P1.37 C-73-59. Q:25; lot 73-139 (second quarter 4th century). P.H. 0.079, p.W. 0.112, Th. 0.003 m. Many joining fragments preserve part of wall, part of one side handle. Highly micaceousclay: core 5YR 7-6/4 (pink to light reddishbrown). Thin fabric,laminating on interior;exterior glaze chipped, interiorunglazed. Convex wall contractingfor shoulder; part of one side handle, turning up at sharp angle. Parts of elaborateenscrolledpalmette on exterior wall. Glaze is thin; no contour lines, no miltos. Color, amount of mica, and fracturing in layers unusual for Attic but can be found in some 4th-century workshops. Second quarter 4th century (332 is one of the latest pieces in the lot) Fig. 21, P1.37 C-64-224. R:20; lot 2063 (early 3rd century). P.H. 0.151, D. base 0.060, D. bowl 0.058 m. Two joining fragments of stand and bowl; handles, neck, mouth missing. Narrow hollow stand, flaring out for base with rounded edge; sharp projecting ledge at juncture of stand and bowl; convex wall with maximum diameter near shoulder, turning into sloping shoulder;base ring around narrow neck;scars of two vertical loop handles on shoulder, not on axis, creatingwider front scene. Interiorreserved; base black, lower stem with black tongues and dots. On stand, side A (P1.37: views A-C): woman, looking right, holding up in either hand chests (small kibotoi), under which are scarves;B (P1.37: view D): figure wrapped in cloak, facing right. Top of stand:glaze line, row of dots; molding black, with reservedarea on inside of top face and lower bowl. On bowl, side A (P1. 37: view B): woman (bride) seated on chair to left, looking right, draped from waist down, cloak behind her, extending edge of cloak with left hand, right arm out. Thick added white for flesh;applied clay dots on right wrist for bracelet, also for necklace and for diadem. On either side of her, Erotes, with added-white bodies, incised wings. 333. Attic miniature lebes gamikos
Vertical wall; thickened, slightly concave vertical rim; heavy,round,outwardthickenedlip. Interiorglazed. Exterior glaze fired red in places. a. Beardedmale (Hephaistos or Dionysos), riding on ithyphallic donkey to right, wearing short decorated cloak over short tunic; right arm extended behind;right hand holding ends of reins, rendered in added purple (now peeled); incised line of hair. In field over head, reserved line for ivy branch, originally with added-purple leaveson either side. Reservedbandon lower rim; beginning of glazejust aboveit. Good relief line, heavy contour line; diluted glaze for some markingson donkey.Preliminary sketchlines on donkey. b. Satyr head to left; hair incised; added-purpledots for wreath in hair. Ivy branchin field as fragmenta. c. On wall, ivy branch without leaves; beginning of objectat lower break. Reservedband at top of wall. On
DECORATED FINE WARES: NON-CORINTHIAN RED FIGURE rim, five-petal encircled palmette with buds between. Thin line at top of rim. Lip black;reservedband at top of inner wall. d, e, f. Rim and lip as c. On wall of f, part of scroll design, probablyfor handle zone. Pioneer Group; stylistic links to the Leiden amphora PC 85 (ARV2, p. 32, no. 1) and the Bonn fragment (ARV2, p. 33, no. 2). Very early Attic red figure, ca. 510 B.C. 335. Attic krater P1.38 C-71-201. I:19; no lot. P.H. 0.047, p.W. 0.045, Th. 0.006 m. One fragmentof verticalwall, probablyfrom a column krater.
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clothing.Fine contourline; heavy interiorrelief line. The man is probablya banqueter. Mid-5th century 338. Attic bell-krater P1.38 C-70-368. O-P:27-28; lot 6656 (early Roman). P.H. 0.058, p.W. 0.065, Th. 0.006 m. Two joining fragments of bell-kraterwall or very large skyphos. Interiorglazed. Draped figure in chiton and cloak, glaze lines decoratingcloak border,facing nude male holding lyre across body (parts of two strings preservedat top break).Very fine contourline on all partsof figures.Surface damaged,peeling. Third quarter 5th century 339. Attic bell-krater P1.38 C-64-478. Q:22-23, 0:23, N-0:23; lots 2165 (4th centuryafter Christ), 4347 (end of 4th century),4474 (mid-4th century).a) P.H. 0.062, p.W. 0.076 m. Two joining fragmentsof upper wall. b) P.H. 0.044, p.W. 0.039 m. One upper wall fragment.c) P.H. 0.044, est. D. 0.30 m. Two joining fragmentsof upper wall, rim. Upper verticalwall of convexbell-krater,turningto flaring rim, heavy roundedlip. Slight offset of rim from exterior wall; groove 0.011 m. from lip on underface.Interiorglaze thin and streaky.Miltos on all reservedareas except interior bands, peeling. No contour lines; very slight relief line. Exterior:a. Youth turned to right, wearing himation over left shoulder,possiblyseated. b. Woman facing left, wearing peplos. c. Top of wall with reservedband. On underfaceof rim, single-leaf laurel garland;reservedband above. Reservedbandson interiorupper wall, just below lip. Style of drawing (large, dotted eye, downturned mouth) similar to 61 of Group 5 and to non-Attic redfigured examples in Corinth: C-71-259 and C-71-581, both bell-kraterswith the single-leaf laurel garland. End of 5th century 340. Small Attic bell-krater P1.38 C-64-399. 0:24, N-0:24-25, N-0:23; lots 2110 (first quarter 4th century), 2141 (second half 5th century), 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin). P.H. 0.123, p.W. 0.081 m. Fourjoining wall fragments. Low ovoid profile. Interiorglazed;glaze is peeling inside and out. Exterior:borderof enclosedeggs;figurerunning right wearing chitonwith loops hanging frombelt;swirling fussy folds. No relief contour. End of 5th century 341. Apulian epichysis Fig. 3, P1.38 C-61-459. P-Q:24; lot 896 (second half 4th century after Christ). a) P.H. 0.044, est. D. 0.11 m. Five
Interiorglazed. On wall: stackedfolds of lower chiton or long cloak, ending in double border;part of back of garment at bottom break, to right of leg. Thick black horizontal lines very carefully placed. At lower left, front curvingwing of boot with fine added-purplelines placed below the bottom. Good relief line, fine, narrow contour line. Figure faces left with garment overlapping boot. There is probably no back wing; the simpler and older form of Attic winged shoe is represented(N. Gialouris, BCH 77, 1953, pp. 293-321), as <n7IrEpovTa 7rAtiAa?, used by the Brygos Painter (J. Boardman, Athenian Red-Figured Vases: The ArchaicPeriod, London 1975, fig. 252:1). The length of the garment,with a glimpse of the skirt on the opposite side, suggests identificationof the figure as female. The style recalls the Nikoxenos Painter. First decade 5th century 336. Attic volute-krater P1.38 C-73-356. N:24; lot 73-134 (secondhalf 4th century). P.H. 0.068, p.W. 0.058 m. Four joining fragments from wall.
Convex wall, interiorglazed. Exterior:necks,upper bodies, forelegsof four runninghorses,to right;at left bottom break, flying skirt of figure movingrapidly to left behind horses. Fine contourline, good interiorrelief line; diluted glaze on manes. Glaze is thin. Mid-5th century 337. Attic krater P1.38
C-70-369. O-P:27-28; lot 6656 (early Roman). Max. dim. 0.036 m. One wall fragment. Interior glazed. Exterior: male head to left, looking up, with fillet tied behind, its ends stickingup at right break; dot of addedpurple in hair; two lines for eyebrow;heavy glaze lines for moustache; diluted glaze for beard and curls on temple. Lines at lower left break probably for
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION b. Sleeved left arm; hand grasping tall staff or spear. Glaze to right of figure fired red and peeling. Fine contour and relief lines on both fragments;preliminary sketch. The painter is in the Lewis Painter Group, probably the Group of Ferrara T.981 (ARV2, p. 978), especially Athens 13936 (ARV2, p. 979, no. 11), also a ray-based kotyle. The linearity of the folds recalls the Euaion Painter. Secondquarter 5th century 343. Attic glaux skyphos P1.39 C-65-614. 0:20-21, N-0:17-18; lots 4348 (Late Roman, Byzantine), 6199 (late 5th, early 4th century). P.H. 0.074, est. D. lip 0.11 m. Two joining fragments of wall, lip. Convex, flaringwall, contractingto (missing) foot below; above, turning in to simple roundedlip. Interior glazed. Exterior: Lower wall glazed; reservedline; olive plant, wing of owl. Carelesslypainted. The glaux skyphos is a frequent import in Corinth, but this is the only example found in the Sanctuary. See F. P. Johnson, "ANote on Owl Skyphoi,"AJA 59, 1955, pp. 119-124, esp. pl. 35, fig. 17. Secondquarter 5th century 344. Attic skyphos P1.39 C-62-322. O-Q:23-24; lot 1965 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.0325, p.W. 0.04 m. One fragmentof upper wall.
joining fragments;parts of base, wall, shoulder preserved.b) P.L. 0.089 m. Five joining fragmentsof upper wall, shoulder. Hard, non-micaceous clay; core: 2.5YR 6/4 (light reddish brown), surface: 5YR 6/6 (reddishyellow). Published: H. Lohmann, "Zu technischen Besonderheiten apulischer Vasen,"Jdl 97, 1982 (pp. 191249), p. 237, fig. 36. Noted: J. R. Green, "Ears of Corn," Studies in Honour of Arthur Dale Trendall, Sydney 1979 (pp. 81-90), p. 87, note 5. Disk base; groove 0.022 m. from outer edge; slightly rounded surface of base near outer edge; low, concave wall inset from protrudingbase and shoulderby grooves; protruding shoulder ring; rounded shoulder offset from shoulderring by groove. a. Undersurface reserved; upper face of base ring black; reservedband around groove;wall black with incised chain and tendrils, with added-white buds; black continues to underfaceof shoulder ring; upper face with black enclosed eggs; miltos in groove between shoulder and ring. On shoulder:horizontalenclosedpalmette;legs of seated figure, right leg preservedfrom thigh to foot, crossingover left foot; peeled addedwhite for sandals. b. Shoulder palmette as fragmenta. Right arm of figure on a, winged; addedwhite for bracelet,decorationon wings. Circularobjectin field. Some relief contour.Probably Eros. See RVAp Suppl. I (Institute of Classical Studies Bull. Suppl. 42), London 1983, p. 108, no. 372 b. Minor vases from the Darius Workshop: Liverpool Group (Trendall). Late third quarter 4th century 342. Attic ray-basedkotyle P1.39 C-68-201. N-0:24-25, M-O:17-20, N-O:19-20, 0:20, N-0:23, N:16, N-0:17-18; lots 2094 (early 4th century), 3206 and 3207 (Byzantine), 4362 (late Roman), 4474 (mid-4th century), 5643 (mid-5th century), 6199 (late 5th or early 4th century). a) P.H. 0.065, Th. 0.003 m. Sevenjoining fragmentsof lower wall. b) P.H. 0.054, Th. 0.003, est. D. lip 0.180.19 m. Two joining fragmentsof upper wall, lip. Wide, gently convex wall, vertical at top, ending in simple lip. Interior glazed; reservedband below lip with miltos. Exterior: lower wall with tips of rays, miltos between. a. Border of stopped maeander, punctuated by cross squares. Figure running right, in chiton;lower borderof cloak over chiton visible at upper break;edge of hem flaring over right heel. Chiton folds in series of spreading lines, interspersedblack dots. Miltos originallyon all reservedareas, now peeling.
Interiorglazed. Exterior:Reservedband at top of figure zone; at top break part of running garland of lip decoration. Below, female head to left, wearing dotted sakkos. Light contourline, good interior relief line; preliminary sketchvisible. Penthesileanin style. Secondquarter 5th century 345. Attic skyphos P1.39 C-65-654. N:23; lot 4477 (late 5th century). P.H. 0.018, p.W. 0.021 m. One fragmentfrom upper wall.
Interior glazed. Exterior: head to right, probably male; diluted glaze for locks on temple. Strong contour line. Penthesilean in style, but probably not from the same skyphosas 344; size, interiorglaze differ. Secondquarter 5th century 346. Attic skyphos P1.39 C-65-423 (a), C-65-518 (b). N:20, M-N:25; lots 4421 (second half 5th century after Christ or later), 4440 (late 5th century). a) P.H. 0.038, est. D. lip 0.180.19 m. One fragment of upper wall, rounded lip. b) P.H. 0.023, p.W. 0.028 m. One wall fragment.
DECORATED FINE WARES: NON-CORINTHIAN RED FIGURE Interiorglazed. Exterior:a. Man to left, right arm extended,probably holding staff or spear (edge of it at left break); fillet in hair; double line for upper eyelid;thick glaze for curls in front of ear; slightly curving line of nose; roundedtip of nose; slightly protrudinglower lip. b. Woman to right;stephaneor polos on hair; features drawn as on fragment a. Both faces with strong raised contourline; fine relief line. Miltos on figures.The male on a is probablya komast. By the Lewis Painter (PolygnotosII; ARV2, pp. 972975). 347-349 are probablyfrom the same skyphos. Secondquarter 5th century P1.39 C-64-439. Q-S: 17-20; lot 2107 (end of 4th centuryafter Christ, Byzantine; Turkish coins). P.H. 0.074, p.W. 0.033 m. Two joining wall fragments. Interior glazed. Exterior:Left hand and lower arm of a woman holding up chiton skirt;folds renderedin fine but strong relief line, with randomly placed small dashes. Thick relief line for fingers;contourline; miltos. For the gesture see the Lewis Painter skyphosin Mississippi (ARV2, p. 974, no. 26; H. R. W. Smith, Der Lewismaler, Leipzig 1939, pl. 15:a). See 346, 348, and 349. 347. Attic skyphos 348. Attic skyphos P1. 39 C-65-611. N-0:16-17; lots 4404 (mid-3rd century), 5613 (llth century after Christ). P.H. 0.048, p.W. 0.049 m. Two joining wall fragments. Interior glazed. Exterior: Woman running right; preserved is the skirt of a chiton with blousing overfall and nebrisrepresentedby dottedarea;protrudingknee shown at right break. Folds of chiton in fine relief line, close together but not parallel;diluted dots randomlyplaced between folds. Contour and relief line as 346, 347; slight tracesof sketchunderglaze aroundcontours;miltos. This fragment and 349 are probably from the same figure, on the side oppositethe figures of 346 and 347. 349. Attic skyphos P1.39 C-65-612. N-0:16-17; lot 4404 (mid-3rd century). P.H. 0.034, p.W. 0.03 m. One lower-wall fragment. Interior glazed. Exterior: Heel of foot; flaring hem of skirt of figure running right. At left break, spiral and tip of side tendrilof palmetteunder handle. Good relief line, thick contour line, including palmette; preliminary sketchon heel. Miltos on figure. See 346-348. 350. Attic skyphos P1.39 C-70-367. O-P:27-28; lot 6656 (early Roman). P.H. 0.074, p.W. 0.059 m. Two joining wall fragments.
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Vertical wall. Very streaky, thin glaze on interior. Exterior:Frontal figure in peplos or chlamys:right arm extendedto left, holding lyre; one curvedsidepiece,part of sound box preserved.Area at top break not from design but peeled glaze. Fine contour line. Glaze stripe along contourparticularlypronounced. 351-353 are probably from the same skyphos:thickness, interiordetails, quality of line, glaze stripe around contours all similar. The skyphos would be extremely large. The style seems to be derivedfrom that of the Lewis Painter. Just after mid-5th century P1.39 C-65-412. N:23; lot 4394 (later 4th century). P.H. 0.044, p.W. 0.042 m. One fragmentof wall, lip. Vertical wall; simple roundedlip. Streakyinteriorglaze; reserved band on interior below lip. Exterior: Below black lip, bandof egg pattern.Woman'shead to left, hair tied up in knot, wispy strands in diluted glaze on nape, fillet aroundhead. Two lines for upper eyelid;fat round ear. Contour,relief lines, and glaze stripe as 350. 351. Attic skyphos P1.39 C-65-615. M-0:27-29; lot 2210 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.036, p.W. 0.052 m. One upper-wall fragment. Streakyinteriorglaze. Exterior:Chin, neck, upper chest of male looking left, right arm extended. Reservedarea with loss of interiordetail. Line of pectoral deteriorating, muscle continuesinto extendedarm;curvinglines of collarbonemeet for median line. Good contourlines. See 350, 351, and 353. 353. Attic skyphos P1.39 C-68-339. L:17-18; lot 5692 (late Roman). P.H. 0.024, p.W. 0.026 m. One wall fragment. Glaze on interior as 350-352. Exterior:nose, edge of eye of figure facing right; at right, raised wrist and palm turnedtoward face. P1.40 352. Attic skyphos
354. Attic skyphos
C-61-462 (a, b), C-73-355 (c). 0:24-25, O-Q:23-24, 0:24, 0-P:23, 0:22-23; lots 890 (2nd century after Christ), 1965 (second half 4th century after Christ), 2110 (first quarter 4th century), 2145 (later 2nd century after Christ), 2250 (end of 4th century). a) P.H. 0.124, est. D. at lower border 0.20 m. Many joining wall fragments. b) P.H. 0.093, p.W. 0.086 m. Two joining wall fragments.c) Max. dim. 0.117 m. Two joining wall fragments. Interiorglazed.
148
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 357. Attic skyphos P1.41 C-64-440. N-0:23, Q:26, 0:22-23, N-0:23, K-L:21-22; lots 2152 (4th-centurypottery, 2nd-century coin), 2230 (late 5th century), 2249 (end of 4th century), 4474 (mid-4th century), 6214 (surface), 6219 (lst century after Christ). a) P.H. 0.13, est. D. foot 0.15 m. Six joining fragments;part of foot, lower wall preserved; plaster restoration. b) P.H. 0.057, p.W. 0.076 m. Two joining fragmentsof lower wall. c) P.H. 0.06, p.W. 0.074 m. Two joining fragmentsof lower wall. Heavy torus foot; flat undersurface;scraped groove between foot and wall; slightly convex wall. Undersurface with miltos; no concentriccircles preserved;inner foot black, resting surface with miltos; outer foot, lower wall black;groovereserved.Interiorglazed. Exterior:a. Borderzone of stoppedmaeander,punctuated by cross squares. Palmette,enclosedby tendril,with elaboratebuds (at top break,towardsleft). At left break, figure standing to right wearing chiton and himation (black upper border). No contour lines; preliminary sketchvisible. b. Borderas fragmenta. Frontal leg at left break;two legs of figure having weight on frontal right leg, left crossedbehind right, foot off ground;lower edge of short cloak. c. Borderas a and b. At left, toes of one foot to right, tip of staff. At right, two feet to left. The form of the bud is very similar to that found in the workshopof the PenthesileaPainter:cf. Mississippi skyphos (ARV2, p. 899, no. 143), which also has the same sort of handle palmette. Mid-5th century P1.41 C-64-192. 0:22-23; lot 2163 (late Roman). P.H. 0.087, p.W. 0.052 m. One fragmentof verticalwall. Interiorglazed, with large X graffitoon wall (modern?). Exterior: at left, arms extended to right holding white floral wreath (now peeled), end of sleeve visible on upper arm. At right, figure bending to right, wearing belted dress, holding hydria(?), base preserved. Miltos on figure. Relief contouron right arm of figure (missing) at left and for hydria.At upper break,bottomof top border, probably with eggs. Possibly Nike with wreath and Amymone(McPhee). Third quarter 5th century 359. Attic skyphos P1.41 C-64-477. 0:26; lot 2066 (secondhalf 4th centuryafter Christ). P.H. 0.051, p.W. 0.039 m. Three joining fragmentsof upper wall, lip. 358. Attic skyphos
Exterior: a. Border of stopped maeander punctuated every fourth one by cross or saltire squares. At left (side A), legs and cloven hooves of cow or bull, behind which are the skirt and feet of a figure moving left. Thin line at left break for staff. Palmette with side scrolls, under handle, separatingtwo scenes of skyphos.At right (side B), figure in cloak standingright, with seven-string lyre in right hand. Beginning of object at right break, unclear. Reservedareas once with miltos, now flaking. b. Top of bordervisible below. Figure in cloak to left, leaning on staff, feet close together,right heel raised. Beginning of handle-zone palmette at right break; beginning of anotherobjectat left break, rock(?). c. Border below. At left, part of vertical palmette as fragment b. Figure in chiton (Nike?), moving to right (side A). Little relief line for interior details; no contour lines except around legs and hoovesof animal on a. The vase may be reconstructed having on the main as side a scene of sacrifice,moving left, towardthe figureon c. The reversehad originallythree figures,two preserved (both male): the lyre player of a at the left, the staff holder of b at the right. 355 is probablyfrom the same vase. 354 is very large; compare350. Just after mid-5th century 355. Attic skyphos P1.40 C-72-269. L:24; no lot. P.H. 0.028, p.W. 0.02 m. One verticalwall fragment.
Interior glazed. Exterior: Head of woman facing left, broken at mouth. Relief contour on nose and mouth. Drawing, quality of glaze and fabric,size, and thickness, all suggest that it is from the same vase as 354. The style is very close to 351. 356. Attic skyphos P1.40 C-64-207. Q:22, Q:20-22; lots 2052 (later 5th century), 2087 (second half 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.127, D. foot 0.128 m. Fourjoining fragmentsof foot, wall. Torus foot;tall, lightly convex wall, becomingverticalat top break. Interior glazed, fired brown. Undersurface with miltos;no concentriccircles;inner foot black;resting surface reserved; outer foot, lower wall glazed, with scraped groove at juncture of wall and foot; plain reserved line as ground. On wall: figure in profile to left, weight on right leg, left crossedbehind right, heel raised; right arm bent behind back;originally leaning on a staff. Figure wears cloak, probably falling from left shoulder, with thick glaze at lower border;soft shoes. Good contour line; thick relief line for modelinglines aroundwaist and buttocks; thinner lines for falling folds. Preliminary sketchvery visible. Mid-5th century
DECORATED FINE WARES: NON-CORINTHIAN RED FIGURE Vertical upper wall, slight concavitybelow roundedlip: beginning of flaring rim. Interior glazed. Exterior:Lozenge panel at right, limiting figure zone, precedinghandle. Head to left, eye preserved; hair may have been white originally, now peeled. Below lip, enclosed dotted-egg pattern.Miltos on all reservedareas. Exteriorglaze thin. The lozenge panel is often found on skyphoi and cups of the Marlay Painter and his group (ARV2, pp. 1276-1282).
About 430-420
B.C.
149
By Makron. CompareAkropolis325 and 320 (ARV2, p. 460, no. 20 and p. 474, no. 239). First quarter 5th century PI. 41 362. Attic kylix C-65-424. N:22; lot 4391 (later 5th century). P.H. 0.035, p.W. 0.063 m. Three joining wall fragments. From a wide cup; interorglazed. Exterior:Male advancing left, cloak around shoulders,right arm holding staff across body;probablyleading a bull whose chest is preserved at right break. In field to left of figure, stain of horizontalsigma, from pais or kalos. Much interior detail (breast line, ribs, thigh) in diluted glaze. Clumsy drawing of fingers, ribs. Uneven relief line, thick in places. Some relief contour.Preliminarysketchvisible. First quarter 5th century 363. Attic kylix P1.42 C-65-439 (a), C-65-613 (b). 0:23, M-N:12; lots 4347 (end of 4th century, 4409 (4th century after Christ, Byzantine).a) Max. dim. 0.073, Th. outer edge 0.005, est. D. inner tondo 0.10-0.12 m. One floor fragment; inner break at stem of foot. b) Max. dim. 0.033, Th. 0.006 m. One fragmentof outer floor. Glaze ratherthin and brown. a. Floor:Neat stoppedmaeanderframingtondo.Nude male facing right, right arm bent, lower arm and hand brought across chest. Interiordetails finely drawn in diluted glaze; fine contour and relief lines. Preliminary sketch visible. Exterior:Reservedband for border. Cloven rear hooves and legs of animal, beginningof another figure at left break. b. Floor: four fingers and tip of thumb of left hand, holding discus. Contour and relief lines as fragment a. Fingers renderedas ovals in heavy relief lines. Exterior glazed. Dourian quality. R. Guy cited as comparable the white-ground lekythos in Cleveland (Paralipomena, p. 376, no. 266 bis), with similar thigh and rib markings. First quarter 5th century 364. Attic kylix P1.42 C-64-69. P-Q:24-25, O-Q:23-24, R:26, P:26, Q:2526, M-N:23-24; lots 869 (surface), 896 (second half 4th centuryafter Christ), 897 (mid-4th century), 1965 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ), 2035 (4th century after Christ), 2046 (late 5th century), 2048 (2nd or 3rd century after Christ), 6842 (late 4th century), 73-138 (end of 5th century).a) P.H. 0.081, est. D. lip 0.25 m. Many joining fragmentsof wall, lip. b) Max. dim. 0.07 m. Two joining wall fragments. c) Max. dim. 0.084 m. Two joining wall fragments.d) Max. dim. 0.032 m. One wall fragment.e) P.H. 0.02, p.W.
360. Attic skyphos P1.41 C-65-417 (b), C-65-496 (a). P:24-25, P-Q:24-25, 0:23-24, N-0:23, N-0:22; lots 875 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ), 892 (4th century after Christ), 1964 (4th-centurypottery, Roman coin), 4347 (end of 4th century), 4473 (mid-4th century), 4475 (third quarter 4th century). a) H. 0.105, D. foot 0.086, est. D. lip 0.13 m. Many joining fragments preserving profile except handles. b) P.H. 0.041 m. Two joining fragmentsof wall, lip. Torus foot; center of undersurfacenot preserved;wall with compound curve, without noticeable stemming; flaring rim with simple roundedlip; scar of one handle. Undersurface with miltos; no concentric circles; inner foot black;resting surface reserved;outer foot and lower wall continuouslyblack.All reservedareas in figurezone originally with miltos, now mostly peeled. Stacking line slightly above midwall, above which no miltos is preserved;glaze is very reddish,thin, peeling. Wall: a. Below handle, 12-petal palmette (asymmetrical), clubbed,with spiralingvoluteson either side. Left of palmette (side A), feet of two confrontedfigures, lower edge of staff. Right of palmette (side B), youth in cloak with staff, facing secondfigure,whose feet are preserved. b (side A). Hand with staff, facingboy in cloak,probably the upper parts of the figures on fragmenta, left of palmette. Spiraling volutes of handle-zone palmette at right. Akin to the skyphoi of the F. B. Group; cf. ARV2, pp. 1494-1495 (McPhee). First or early secondquarter 4th century P1.41 361. Attic kylix C-69-184. M:21-22; no lot. P.H. 0.028, p.W. 0.05 m. One wall fragment. Upper convex wall of wide cup. Interior glazed. Exterior: At left break,a hand originally holdinghorizontallya wreath or branch, in added purple, of which only the stain now remains.At right, youth in sleevelessdressand cloak, looking right; wash for hair, darker dots for wreath in hair. Fine contourand relief lines; preliminary sketchvisible.
150
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 0.044, p.W. 0.051 m. One fragmentof upper wall, lip. d) P.H. 0.048, p.W. 0.041 m. One fragmentof upper wall, lip. e) Max. dim. 0.05 m. One wall fragment. f) P.H. 0.02, p.W. 0.03 m. One fragment of upper wall, lip. Fairly soft, highly micaceousclay; core 5YR 7-6/6 (reddishyellow). Wide shallow cup; floor turning continuously into incurving,simple lip. Brown glaze, thin and peeling;miltos addedto figures. a (C-62-321). Interior:Tondo borderof maeanderand saltire. Youth seated on himation to left, head to right, left hand raised, right arm out. Scallopedreservedband setting off hair; dilute glaze for locks. Double line for upper eyelid, dot for nose, three lines to indicate fingers. Plump proportions.Very slight relief line for inner details. No contour line. Preliminarysketch on this figure only. Upper wall glazed;reservedband below lip. Exterior: Reserved band and line as ground. Woman facing right, both arms extended. Surface damaged, but there does not appearto be anythingin her hands. Nude youth facing her, left leg advanced,one arm raised. Low object behind his right leg. Heavy glaze bands, swirls, hasty lines indicatefolds and parts of dress. b (C-61-236 b). No tondodesign. Exterior:Enscrolled palmettewith flat petal tips. Nude youth, seen from rear, upper back and head preserved, right arm out. Two curving lines for spine; loop for right shoulderblade. At right break, wing of figure turned to right; large dots across upper wing, irregularlyspaced lines for feathers. Fragment b may go to left of a, in which case central figure would be Nike. c (C-61-236 a). No tondo design. Exterior: Nude youth, seen fromrear, turnedto left. Single line for upper eyelid, dot for mouth;less detail in hair than tondofigure of a. Anatomicaldetails as b. At right break, staff(?) of next figure. d (C-61-236 c). No tondo design. Exterior: part of volute palmette. e (C-61-236 d). Interior: top of tondo border of stoppedmaeander.Exterior:part of volute palmette. f (C-61-236 e). Exterior:tips of palmettes. of The clay is not characteristic 4th-centuryAttic pottery;the glaze is verythin, firedblackto brown, and has a metallic quality. If Attic, the cup would belong in the area of the Jena Painter, but it exhibits oddities of style (McPhee). See 331 for similar fabric. Early 4th century 366. Attic white-groundlekythos P1.43 C-64-418 (b), C-64-409(a, c). N:21-23; lots 2170 (4th century after Christ), 2178 (early 4th century), 4491 (third quarter 4th century). a) P.H. 0.070, p.W. 0.061 m. Three joining wall fragments.b) P.H. 0.037,
0.031 m. One fragment of wall, lip. f) Max. dim. 0.043 m. One fragment of wall, lip. g) P.H. 0.015, p.W. 0.018 m. One fragmentof wall, lip. From a wide cup with convex wall, turning up to simple lip. a. Interior glazed, reserved line below lip, lip black. Reserved bands on either side of stopped maeander borderingtondo.Tondo: foot to right, edge of skirt. Exterior: Bearded male, in long dress and cloak, seated to right, holding staff in right hand;dilutedglaze and added white for hair and beard. Warrior, in short chiton, breastplate, crested helmet, large round shield on left arm, seen from rear, head turned to left facing seated man. Top of shield slightly burned; details of warrior worn. In field between figures, stain only preserved: OPAI$ b. Interior:small part of tondo bordermaeander.Exterior: warrior seen from rear, in short chiton; parts of breastplate,greaves,shield preserved,running right. c. Interior:small area of tondo bordermaeander.Exterior: greaved legs of warrior with spear, advancing right;left foot and ankle of secondfigureadvancingright. d. Interior glazed. Exterior: lower left part of shield with object extending either from it or behind it to left, explained by Dyfri Williams (personal communication) as part of protectiveleather apron attachedto shield rim. e. Interior glazed. Exterior:head of helmeted warrior looking right. f. Interiorglazed. Exterior:reservedarea without contour line at left break. g. Interior glazed. Exterior: reserved area with contour line at left break, probably the back of a helmet; shields have no contourlines. Very fine drawing;good, thin contourand relief lines; relief especially heavy for details of greaves, toes, facial features; diluted glaze, thinner relief lines used for armor, shields, body markings. Scene probably shows a hoplitodromos,with beardedman as judge. By the Pistoxenos Painter. R. Guy noted that the line of the greaves stops before the calf line, as renderedon figures by that painter (ARV2, p. 860, nos. 5 and 8; p. 862, no. 26). Secondquarter 5th century 365. P1.43 Kylix C-61-236, C-62-321. Q:25, O-P:25, P-Q:24-25, 0:23-24, M-N:25; lots 886 (at least 3rd centuryafter Christ), 889 (first quarter 4th century), 892 (4th century after Christ), 1964 (4th-centurypottery, Roman coin), 4434 (early Roman), 6215 (stairway cuts). a) Max. dim. 0.144, est. D. lip 0.25 m. Five joining fragmentsof floor,wall, lip. b) P.H. 0.035, p.W. 0.102 m. Two joining fragmentsof upper wall, lip. c) P.H.
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES p.W. 0.036 m. One wall fragment. c) P.H. 0.056, p.W. 0.031 m. One wall fragment. From a cylindrical lekythos. Chalky white slip, poor brown-blackglaze on exterior;interiorreserved. a. Black-glazed lower body, maeander border, two lines above. In field, woman standing to right, wearing chiton and himation, painted in diluted (orange) glaze with brown glaze for folds. Feet outlined in brown glaze. She holds a scepteror staff. At right, large rockin outline, on which sits a figurewearing a purple garment.Flowers on rock. b (not illustrated).At left break,hand in blackoutline, grasping staff or spear;near top break,bit of black glaze, possibly for a letter. c (not illustrated).Maeander border,reservedfield. Mid-5th century PI. 43 367. Attic squat lekythos C-73-306. N:24; lot 73-134 (secondhalf 4th century). P.H. 0.084, est. D. 0.07 m. Many joining fragments; foot, handle, rim missing. Globular body;ledge separatingnarrow cylindricalneck from shoulder;scar of one handle on upper wall. Glaze fired brown to black, uneven. Glazed over exterior. On wall: crouchingsphinx to right with minimal detail; below, reservedband. Head of sphinx on axis with handle. Late 5th century P1.43 C-71-238. N:22; lot 2172 (later 5th century). Max. dim. 0.08, Th. outer break 0.004, Th. inner break 0.01 m. Two joining fragments. Probably from a convex lid. Outer break probably at descending flange of lid. Flat undersurfacewith wide 368. Attic lid(?)
151
black-glazedband from outer break to just before inner break. Slightly curvedupper surface,on which is frontal eye, incised line around black iris, slightly open at inner corner;profile face turned to left, line of nose preserved. Incision above for contourof hair. Relief contour along nose.
Very early red figure, ca. 530-520
B.C.
369. Attic lid from lekanis-likepyxis
P1.43
C-61-476. O-P:24-25; lot 874 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.021, D. knob 0.067 m. Knob, part of lid preserved. Low, wide knob with convex outer face, groove on top face;beginningof sloping lid; area underknobdepressed. Knob black glazed except groovedring and lower outer face with miltos;interiorglazed. On preservedlid exterior: tails and backs of felines, with black dots for spots; between them a volute;tip of griffinwing. See OlynthusXIII, pi. 86 (ARV2, p. 1501, no. 1) for the type.
Ca. 380-360 B.C.
370. Attic head-kantharos(?)
P1.43
C-64-213. N-0:23; lot 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-centurycoin). P.H. 0.027, est. D. lip 0.11-0.12 m. One fragmentof wall, lip. Slightly concavewall, flaringout to simple lip. Reserved line on lip; interiorglazed. Exterior:Boy in cloak facing right; stain of white fillet in hair. Thin contour line for cloak. The flaring lip suggests this fragment as the upper wall of a head-kantharos;see fragmentaryhead vases 600-602. Secondquarter 5th century
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES (371-499)

for This sectionmight be termeda "catch-all", in it appearall the regularfine wares not includedin the first
11 groups or appropriate for one of the divisions of the figured pottery. A few of the examples in this section
have patterns: "worms",bands, or the like; the Hellenistic vessels with West Slope decorationor relief
figures also appear here. There were not enough of these later decorated wares to warrant a separate section
for them. But generally,the vases are plain, glazed, or have only simple decorativepatterns.They are published either because the shape is intrinsicallyimportantor unique and contributesto the discussionof that shape, or because the specificvessel helps to establish a date for a building, useful for the discussionsin the forthcomingvolume on the architectureof the Sanctuary. All fine-ware fabrics appear in this section, arranged by shape,28subdividedby date; if no fabric is
indicated, the vessel is Corinthian. There are several Attic imports, one Laconian bowl (444), a Gnathian
28 The order of the shapes usually follows that of Talcott and Sparkes (Agora XII), but there is one exception. Plain saucers bowls of echinus shape or with beveledrims, all of which show similar appear before plates, so as to be closer to the contemporary changes in the profiles.
152
II: CATALOGUE FABRICAND DECORATION
fragment (499), and several of unknown origin (437, possibly Corinthian;493-495, 498). The shapes are
discussed fully in Shape Studies, pp. 9-78 above. Comparative material is given for the entry only if not
coveredin the earlier discussions. Miniatures appear in a separate section, but all the phialai except the late Hellenistic group (675-681) appear here.
371. Amphora C-65-313. M:16-17; lot 3227 (late 3rd-early 2nd century). P.H. 0.044, est. inner D. neck 0.09 m. One fragmentof neck, rim. Vertical neck;flaring rim in two degrees;flat top; groove at outer edge of rim. Rim stamped with half circles on either side of groove;outer face originally stamped with dottedcircles. On upper face of rim, a red dipinto: ]. B.. BPA[ See 372. 372. Amphora PI. 44 C-70-352. O-P:27-28; lot 6656 (early Roman). P.H. 0.066, est. inner D. neck 0.09, est. outer D. 0.14 m. One fragmentof neck, rim. Shape as 371; scar for handle attachment (round handle) on neck below rim. Stamped circles preserved.Dipinto on upper rim face, in Corinthian epichoric alphabet: [. . . ]IAI1t:ANEeEKE: TAA[... ] The two fragmentsare very similar in size and decoration and are presumablyfrom the same vessel. The width of the upper face of the rim inside the groove differs, however: in 371 it is 0.015 m., in 372 0.017-0.019 m. Neither context providesa date for the fragments. 373. Imitation Cypriot amphora P1.44 C-61-471. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). P.H. 0.07, est. D. rim 0.09 m. Three joining fragmentsof neck and rim. Split fabric, irregularsurface, resembling blister ware. Core: 2.5YR 6-5/0 (gray); outer core:2.5YR 6/6 (light red). High cylindrical neck; flaring rim with diagonal upper face; horizontal bands of light and dark gray and red on neck. For the shape: Williams, Hesperia 38, 1969, pp. 57-59, fig. 8, pl. 18. There are very few fragmentsof this ware in the Sanctuary,in contrastto its popularityin the Forum. Third quarter 4th century 374. Hydria C-64-65. R:26, Q:25-26; lots 2013 (second half 4th century after Christ), 2048 (2nd or 3rd century after Christ). P.H. 0.046, est. D. rim 0.155 m. Two fragments of neck, rim. A few inclusions in the fabric, not enough to designateit as coarseware; polishedsurface. Verticalneck;flaringfunnel rim with convexexterior, concaveinterior;flat lip. Aroundouter lip, stamped circles;on inner lip, dipinto in brown glaze, in Corinthian epichoricalphabet: ]PETAi KAMOOIA TAAAMATP[ For the profile:NC, p. 327, fig. 172. ProbablyArchaic 375. Hydria C-64-467. N-O:24; lots 2142 (first quarter 4th century), 2144 (mid-4th century). Max. dim. 0.111, est. D. rim 0.14 m. Two joining fragmentsof rim, upper handle attachment.No slip; soft worn clay. Published: Pemberton,Hesperia 50, 1981, p. 102, no. 1, pl. 29:a. Horizontally projectingrim; outer convex face, flat horizontal top face (lip), with raised round molding at outer edge. Molding mostly coveredby extra strip of clay for handle attachmentto rim. Ends of strip with "rivets", rosettes on top face;spool-shapedthumb-restat top of handle, with rosettes on outer faces. Three mock rivets on inner rim, aligned with handle. Vertical incisions (tooling) on upper part of outer rim face and on raised molding; impressedeggs on lower area of outer rim. Handleattachmentscar below thumb-rest. The type of metal-imitatingelements suggests a 6thcenturydate. 376. Hydria P1.44 C-73-25. R-S:27; no lot. P.H. 0.049, est. inner D. 0.105 m. One fragmentof neck, rim. No slip; polished surface. Horizontally projectingrim; raised outer molding as on 375 but bigger;beginning of vertical handle attachedto neck. On outer rim face, eggs; on raisedmolding,vertical incisions as 375. Red dipinto on upper face: Archaic? 377. Hydria C-64-446. P-Q:26-27; lot 2009 (3rd-first half 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.088 m. One fragmentof handle, area of wall attachment. Published:Pemberton,Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 102103, no. 2, pl. 29:b. Three quarters of a handle, vertically fluted; inner face plain. At base of handle, originally attached to sloping
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES shoulder, two crouching heraldic sphinxes; forelegs raised on undetermined object; heads frontal; angular wings extending well past handle. Moldmade; figures worn. Imitatingmetal but without any known similar figures preservedin metal. Compare the sirens on many metal hydriai and other shapes. Late 5th century 378. Hydria C-62-278. R:25;lot 1953 (Byzantine).P.H. 0.107, est. D. rim 0.09 m. Two joining fragments;parts of shoulder, neck, rim, handle preserved.White slip. Published: Pemberton,Hesperia 50, 1981, p. 103, no. 3, pl. 29:c. High ovoid body; sloping shoulder continuouswith tall, narrow concaveneck;horizontallyprojectingrim, undercut; outer face of rim convex; rounded offset lip; inner face with gentle slope into neck; round handle from shoulder to rim just below rim. On outer rim face, stampedeggs;white slip on exteriorand upper interiorof body. Neck made separately. Proportions and profile of rim and neck similar to small hydriai in Group 9 (182-184). Parallel:C-53-273, from well 1953-2, unpublished;similar profile but without slip or molding. Hellenistic P1.44 379. Krater C-64-410. P:19-20, M:17; lots 2151 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ), 5652 (mid-5th century). P.H. 0.051, est. D. 0.29 m. Three joining fragmentsof small area of upper wall, rim. Wall inset from lower edge of folded rim; straight inner wall. Wall black glazed inside and out; reservedband at top of inner wall; top of rim black; lip reserved.Outer face of rim with oblique maeander in added white and pink, surroundedby black. C-1976-279 a and b, LC handle-platesfrom Temple Hill, have the same maeanderdesign;see also Louvrehydria E 695 (NC, no. 1444, LC) with the same design on the shoulder above the front panel. The wall of 379 was probablywithout figures. Late Corinthianor later 380. Lekane P1.44 C-61-461. P-Q:24; lot 896 (second half 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.189, D. 0.32 m. Many joining fragments; part of lower wall, whole foot missing. Plaster restoration. Convex flaring wall, turning vertical above maximum diameter;flaring rim, flat on upper surface;roundedlip. Added-red band on lower wall; black and added-red
153
triangles on top of rim, edged by added red. Interiorreserved.One suspensionhole preservedon rim;no handles extant. Classical 381. Lekane Fig. 2
C-61-415. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century).H. 0.165, rest. D. 0.244, D. foot 0.092 m. Complete profile; much of upper wall, rim restoredin plaster. Burnt on part of exterior. Heavy ring foot with wide, flat resting surface, convex outer profile, concave inside; undersurfaceslightly convex; gently convex flaring wall; projectingrim with flat upper face. Two suspension holes on rim; no handles preserved.Gray (diluted glaze) and added-redbands on wall; gray bands on outer face and inner edge of upper face of rim; black and added-redtriangles on upper face of rim. Interior,foot, undersurfacereserved. Classical 382. Lekane P1.44
C-69-314. M-N:19; lot 5625 (later 3rd century),6182 (fourthquarter4th century),6189 (later 4th century). P.H. 0.093, est. D. 0.44-0.45 m. Sevenjoining fragments (one photographed); most of wall profileto rim, one handle preserved.Thin surfaceslip or polish. Shallow lekane; convex flaring wall, horizontal outturned rim with long reflex handle at top of wall, hole in center of handle. On flat, upper handle face, three leafy branchesincisedwith circlesbetween;one interruptedby centralhole. Single circle on rim. Similar examples: C-30-47 (Corinth VII, i, no. 378, p. 82, pl. 45); C-34-928 (Pease, Hesperia 6,1937, p. 299, no. 189, fig. 32). There are other fragmentaryexamples of this type of lekane with similar decoration in the Demeter Sanctuary:Classicalcontexts,lots 4347, 4382. Classical 383. Lekane P1.44
C-73-305. K-L:23-24; lot 73-116 (late 4th century). H. 0.141, rest. D. 0.37, D. foot 0.17 m. Mended from many fragments;half preserved; completeprofile. foot with wide resting surface;flaring conFlaring ring vex wall; projectingrim with straight vertical face, flat, broadupper face. No handlespreserved.No decoration. Classical (probably4th century) 384. oinochoe Broad-bottomed P1.44 C-70-393. J:20-21; lot 6516 (third quarter 5th century). P.H. 0.036, est. D. resting surface 0.06 m. Three joining fragments of resting surface, wall, shoulder;plaster restoration.
154
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION the askos decoration, C-34-1645 (Corinth VII, iii, no. 777, p. 149, pl. 64). There is a more completeexample, C-31-235, from well 1931-8, unpublished. Fourth quarter4th century 389. Globular oinochoe Fig. 3, PI. 45 C-61-428. P:24, lot 877 (early 3rd century). P.H. 0.113, D. 0.08, D. foot 0.048 m. Many joining fragments;mouth, handle missing;plaster restoration. Ring foot, undercutto form centraldisk on undersurface; tall globular wall; well-offset sloping shoulder; short, narrow cylindricalneck;mouth apparentlyspoutedwith scar of lower handle attachpellets at handle attachment; ment on lower shoulder. The shape is as yet without parallel, but finish, foot, and wall profile suggest a 5th-centurydate. The closest wall profile is that of the more convex olpai of the 6th century.The context is too wide to assist dating. First half 5th century(?) 390. Small oinochoewith shoulderstop Fig. 3 after Christ). C-65-169. 0:18; lot 4349 (4th century H. 0.087, D. 0.074, D. mouth 0.043-0.047, D. foot 0.046 m. Intact. Published:CorinthVII, iii, no. 275, p. 55, pl. 48. Recessed resting surface, no true foot; low ovoid profile merging with shoulder; shoulder stop of slight ridge; mouth barely pinchedto form trefoil shape; strap handle from upper wall to mouth, rising above mouth. Surface uneven. Early 3rd century(?) P1.45 391. Attic mug C-62-874. 0:24; lot 1952 (5th century, 1 late Roman fragment). H. 0.078, est. D. 0.084, D. foot 0.061 m. Many joining fragments.Traces of burning. Disk foot, with groove offsetting it from wall; concave undersurface; globularbody;concaveneck flaringto simThin black glaze, peeling;reservedundersurface. ple lip. Vertical grooveson wall for ribbing. Graffitoon undersurface: MNAM[ Higher, early profile without true ring foot. See Agora XII, no. 202, p. 250, fig. 3. Secondquarter 5th century PI. 45 392. Pitcher with inset rim C-72-215. K-L:25-26; lot 72-134 (third quarter 4th century). P.H. 0.114, D. 0.148 m. Many joining fragments;small part of shoulder, one third of neck, one half of rim, upper handle preserved; plaster restoration. Sloping shoulder;high, straight cylindrical neck; heavy flaring rim with concave underside, convex outer face;
Recessed,slightly concavebottom;roundedbevel;lightly concave wall; sloping shoulder without shoulder ridge; upper break at neck. Bevel and lower wall black; black band; added-red band; black band at shoulder; linear black tongues on shoulder.Small versionof the Vrysoula oinochoe. Third quarter 5th century 385. Beveledoinochoe (epichysis) P1.44 C-61-429. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century). P.H. 0.073, D. (both bevels) 0.071, D. foot 0.055 m. Many joining fragments;handle, mouth, centerof floor missing; plaster restoration. Low ring foot with vertical outer face; flat undersurface; concave wall with bevels above and below; sloping shoulder with groove before bevel; tall cylindrical neck with groove as drip ring. Black glaze overall, now peeling. Light crosshatchedgrooving on shoulder. See 78, Group 6. End of 4th or beginning of 3rd century 386. Chous Fig. 3, P1.44 C-65-476. N:26; lot 4482 (early Hellenistic). H. 0.163, D. 0.11, D. foot 0.062 m. Many joining fragments;completedin plaster, includingentire handle. tall Ring foot; nippled undersurface; globular wall; wall with shoulderand neck;wide concaveneck flarmerging ing into trefoil mouth; strongly projecting thumb-rest. Thin peeling black glaze overall except resting surfaceof foot. Narrow, shallow, but well-spaced ribs on wall; grooveon shoulderat top of ribs. There are very few Corinthian versionsof the Attic chous. The shallow ribbing and small foot are the dating criteria. Fourth quarter 4th century 387. Blister-wareoinochoe PI. 44 C-69-186. M:22; lot 6208 (late 4th century).H. 0.111, D. 0.118, D. mouth 0.06 m. Many joining fragments; part of wall, floor missing. Flat bottom;globularbody mergingwith shoulder;short, narrow neck with straight flaring rim, rising to rounded lip; strap handle with central vertical groove. Shoulder and wall have bumps, not ribs, set more or less diagonally. Neck made separately;line of attachmenton interior with rough clay globules. Similar to 77, Group 6. Late third to fourth quarter 4th century 388. P1.44 Blister-wareoinochoe C-61-154. P-Q:25; lot 871 (coin of 12th centuryafter Christ). P.W. 0.057, p.L. 0.063 m. Two joining fragments of wide sloping shoulder.
Larger than 387. Chain of incised ivy with exaggerated heart-shapedleaves, borderedby incised half moons. See
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES roundedlip; concaveinteriorface (for holdinglid) to neck opening; wide strap handle with convex outer face, attached to rim. The context is 4th century.Similar examples from later 4th-centurydeposits, all unpublished,discussedp. 18 above. 393. PI. 45 Narrow-neckedpitcher C-65-529. N:26; lots 4481 and 4482 (early Hellenistic). P.H. 0.126, D. 0.072 m. Many joining fragments; part of shoulder, neck, rim, handle preserved;plaster restoration.
155
397. Glazed kotyle Fig. 6 C-65-315. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). P.H. 0.095, D. foot 0.056 m. Many joining fragments,preservingfoot, lower wall. Splayed ring foot, roundedon outer face;nippled undersurface; tall diagonal wall just beginning to change to convex at upper break. Originally black glazed overall, now peeling. Late 4th century; not so extreme as the following examples. 398. Glazed kotyle P1.45 C-65-622. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). P.H. 0.074, D. foot 0.04 m. Three joining fragments,preserving foot, part of lower wall to area of maximum diameter.
Rounded shoulder continuouswith tall, narrow concave neck;flaring overhangingtriangularrim, peakedlip; flat strap handle from shoulderto upper neck, with only vestigial ridge on neck. For the name (differentfrom name in CorinthVII, iii, nos. 633-642), see footnote41 above, p. 19. Hellenistic Glazed kotyle PI. 45 C-61-473. Q:25; lots 881, 885 (third quarter 4th century). P.H. 0.094, est. D. lip 0.094 m. Many joining lower break fragments;most of wall and lip preserved; above foot. just Convex flaring wall turning in slightly to rounded lip. Black glaze overall, except addedpink above foot. Without full profile, dating is inconclusive,but beginning of rounder profile of wall and slightly inturned lip suggest a late 5th- or early 4th-century date. See Agora XII, pp. 81-84; CorinthXIII, pp. 127-128. Addedpink or red is found later in Corinthian kotylai than in Attic examples. 395. Attic glazed kotyle Fig. 6, P1.45 C-64-397. P:23;lot 4483 (later 4th century).H. 0.085, D. 0.08, est. D. lip 0.07, D. foot 0.036 m. Many joining fragments;verticalprofile preserved. Narrow ring foot; tall, high ovoid wall turning in to rounded lip. Reserved: undersurface,with central dot and circle; lower wall with poor crosshatching; area between handle roots;top of inner wall. Black glazed elsewhere. See AgoraXII, no. 323, p. 258, pl. 15. Secondquarter4th century 396. Glazed kotyle P1.45 C-70-206. J:21; no lot. H. 0.093, D. 0.098, est. D. lip 0.086, est. D. foot 0.048 m. Many joining fragments; about one third preserved;verticalprofile complete. Shape as 395 but more contracted.Black glazed overall except added pink on lower wall, outer areas of foot; inner foot pink above, black below; undersurfacewith central dot and circle, pink between. Mid- or third quarter4th century 394.
Spreading ring foot; broad, flat resting surface; slight stem;high ovoid wall. Glazed overall. Later than 397; late 4th, beginningof 3rd century 399. Glazed kotyle, West Slope decoration Fig. 6, P1.45
C-65-621. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). H. 0.137, D. 0.123, D. foot 0.074, est. D. lip 0.101 m. Many joining fragments,preservingfoot, two fifths of wall, small area of lip, most of one handle. Spreadingring foot, carelesslyturned with uneven surface; low conical interior, nippled undersurface;high ovoid wall, very narrow at foot;upper wall turning in to rounded lip; horizontal loop handle in horseshoeshape, slightly canted,set at top of wall. Two horizontalgrooves on exterior below lip. Black glaze overall, quite thin, scrapedfrom grooves;stackingline visible on lower wall. On upper wall, inciseddecorationof wheat(?) pattern. Ovoid kotyle shape but decorationof articulatedkantharos shape. Compare the Gnathian kotylai with even more elaborate decoration (CVA, British Museum 1[GreatBritain 1], pls. 5 [41]:4,12,18 and 7 [43]:17).See also the Attic example: Schlorb-Vierneisel(footnote 70 above, p. 26), p. 91, grave 158 (hS87), no. 1, pi. 57:1, datedto the fourth quarterof the 4th century. Probablymid-3rd century 400. Glazed kotyle, West Slope decoration C-65-623. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). P.H. 0.036, est. D. lip 0.15 m. Three joining fragments, from upper wall and contractingroundedlip. From the same shape as 399. Thin peeling glaze overall. Two horizontalgroovesbelow lip. On exterior wall, incised decorationof wheat or sprays, poorly preserved. Probablymid-3rdcentury
156 401. Plain kotyle
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION Plain kotyle P1.45 C-70-597. T:16-17; lot 6640 (early Roman). P.H. 0.163 m. Six joining fragments of wall, lip. Fabric with a few small inclusions. Tall convex wall, turning in above the maximum diameter; rounded lip. Scar of handle attachment at top interiorwheel ribbed. right break. No decoration; 406. 407. Plain kotyle P1.45 C-70-598. T:16-17; lot 6640 (early Roman). P.H. 0.039, est. D. lip 0.158 m. Three joining fragmentsof upper wall, lip. Vertical wall with slight inturn to roundedlip. Horizontal groove0.006 m. below lip. Scar of handle attachment at left break;daub of red paint (intentional?)aroundit. 408. P1.46 C-70-600. T:16-17; lot 6640 (early Roman). P.H. 0.028, L. of handle 0.081 m. Three joining fragments preservinghandle, part of lip. Slight tracesof burning. Upper wall and lip as 407 but without horizontalgroove. Horizontal handle, round in section, triangularin form, pinchedat corners.A few dots of black paint. Plain kotyle Plain kotyle PI. 46 C-70-599. T:16-17; lot 6640 (early Roman). P.H. 0.035, est. D. foot 0.11 m. One fragmentof foot, beginning of wall. Heavy ring foot with wide resting surface;beginning of convex flaring wall. No decoration.409 may be from the same vase as 408; clay and surfacesimilar. 410. Skyphos Fig. 7, P1.46 C-61-406. P:24-25; lots 877 (early 3rd century), 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.087, rest. D. rim 0.085, D. foot 0.046 m. Many joining fragments,completed in plaster. Small torus foot, splayed on inside; flat undersurface; slightly stemmedlower wall; full compoundcurveof upper wall; flaring rim; roundedlip; slightly cantedhandle with root contraction.Black glaze overall, peeling. There are a number of skyphoi at a similar stage of development,from the late 4th-centurydebrisof the dining rooms: C-72-217, L:26-27, lot 72-129 (Williams, Hesperia 46, 1977, p. 68, no. 1); C-72-218, K-L:24-25, lot 72-139; C-71-87, M:22-23, lots 6826, 6827 (Bookidis and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 297, no. 9, pl. 58); C-61-472, P:24-25, lot 878. It is superfluous to illustrate them all. See also C-71-105 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 157, no. 27, pl. 25), from drain 1971-1, and 81, Group 6. Third or early fourth quarter4th century
P1.45 C-62-773. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.12, D. 0.155, D. foot 0.09 m. Many joining fragments, completedin plaster. Low ring foot; tall, slightly convex flaring wall, vertical at roundedlip; loop handle. No decoration;stackingline below handles. For profile see CorinthXIII, pp. 106-108. Later 6th century 402. Fig. 6 C-69-270. N:21; lot 6217 (later 4th century,2 Roman sherds). H. 0.073, est. D. lip 0.085, D. foot 0.037 m. Many joining fragments,plaster restoration;full profile including handle. Plain kotyle
Narrow ring foot;nippled undersurface; convexflartall, ing wall without inturned lip; loop handle. No decoration; stackingline below handle. Late 4th century 403. P1.45 C-71-171. L-M:28; lot 6723 (late 4th or early 3rd century). H. 0.067, est. D. lip 0.08-0.09, D. foot 0.037 m. Four joining fragments; vertical profile preserved. Small false ring foot; tall, convex flaring wall with slight inturn to lip. No decoration.See 113, Group 7, for similar profile. End of 4th, beginning of 3rd century Plain kotyle 404. Plain kotyle P1.45 C-65-628. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). H. 0.073, D. 0.104, D. foot 0.042-0.044 m. Many joining fragments;holes in wall, lip. Disk foot; string marks on bottom; convex flaring wall turning in slightly to roundedlip; two strips of thick clay pinched on to top of wall as handles, slightly canted. No decoration;poor surface finish. Very similar in profileto C-75-285 (well 1975-5), unpublished. Later 3rd century 405. Fig. 6, P1.45 C-70-366. T:16-17; lot 6640 (early Roman). P.H. 0.076, est. D. lip 0.12 m. Sevenjoining fragments;upper wall, handle preserved. Tall, convex flaring wall, becoming vertical at rounded lip; canted handle with horizontal groove around upper face. No decoration;encrusted. The wall profile suggests the kotyle; the handle is anomalous. The context extends from early Hellenistic into early Roman. Plain kotyle
409.
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES PI. 46 411. Attic skyphos C-71-175. L-M:28; lot 6723 (late 4th-early 3rd century). P.H. 0.133, est. D. rim 0.15 m. Many joining much of wall, both hanfragments;plasterrestoration; foot missing. dles, Shape as 410 but more noticeably stemmed, lip more flaring. Black glaze overall;wheel grooves. The lot contained a coin, 71-372, Pegasos/Trident,
dated 303-287 B.C.
157
Early 3rd century 412. Fig. 7, PI. 46 Skyphos C-69-262. 0:20-21; lot 6205 (early 3rd century). H. 0.10, est. D. rim 0.10, D. foot 0.038 m. Many joining fragments;full profile preserved. Cited: Williams, Hesperia 48, 1979, p. 124, under no. 35.
For 6th-century cups with wishbone handles, see C-53-157 (Brann, Hesperia 25, 1956, p. 361, no. 35), closest in wall profile, but with more sloping foot and flattenedrim. C-53-225, from the same deposit (p. 361, no. 34), has a more convex profile turning in to rounded lip. C-39-193, from well 1939-1, unpublished,could be either 6th or 5th centuryby context;it has a sloping ring foot, higher wall profile,and slightly flattenedrim. None of the above is truly similar to 414. The context of 414 extends throughthe 6th century. 6th century; lack of any parallel precludes closer dating. 415. Phiale Fig. 9, P1.46 C-62-716. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.026, D. 0.071 m. Three joining fragments;complete.
Shape as 411; more contractionof foot in relation to rim diameter;very thick bottom.Addedpink on undersurface with centraldot;black glazed elsewhere. See 116, Group 7 and 158, Group 8. Late first or secondquarter3rd century 413. Cup with offset rim Fig. 8, P1.46 C-65-171. 0-P:22-23; lot 4355 (late 4th century). P.H. 0.051, est. D. at break 0.11, D. foot 0.035 m. Many joining fragments;foot, most of wall to shoulder preserved. Published: Stroud, Hesperia 37, 1968, p. 328, pi. 98:g; M. L. Lazzarini, "I nomi dei vasi greci nelle iscrizioni di vasi stessi," Archeologiaclassica 25-26, 1973-1974 (pp. 341-375), p. 357, no. 24; SEG XXV, 343; XXIX, 332. Low ring foot with slightly convex undersurface;wide, almost straight flaring wall, beginning to round and thicken for shoulder. Black glaze overall except at lower edge of foot, undersurface.Graffitoaroundwall at upper break;see above publications. See C-36-743 (Corinth VII, i, no. 213, p. 57, pl. 29) and C-62-505 (Corinth VII, ii, An 157, pl. 69) for the profile. Early Corinthian 414. Cup with wishbone handles Fig. 8, P1.46
C-62-374. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). H. 0.049,
Wide resting surface; good central depression; convex flaring wall turning verticalto roundedlip; low rounded omphalos. Black glaze on omphalos; six interior bands alternately added purple (over glaze) -andblack; black band at top of outer wall. Traces of burning. Similar examples from lot: C-62-357, C-62-358. Small versionof the deep phiale of the early and mid6th century. 416. Phiale C-62-353. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.019, D. 0.07 m. Two joining fragments; completed in plaster. Shape as 415 but with broader omphalos, more offset from floor;slightly lower wall. Addedpurple on omphalos; six added-purple(over glaze) bands in bowl, two at top of exteriorwall. Mid-6th century 417. Phiale P1.46 C-62-356. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). H. 0.021, D. 0.06 m. Two joining fragments; completed in plaster. Flat bottom, no central depression;tall, convex flaring wall with profile of 415; small rounded omphalos. Undecorated. Mid-6th century 418. Phiale C-61-309. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.02, D. 0.068 m. Slightly chipped. Shallow centraldepression; wall profile as above;rounded omphalos.Added-redbands, now peeled, aroundomphalos, on midwall, top of wall, top of exterior wall. Wheel grooveson exterior. Slightly later than 417.
D. 0.104, D. foot 0.064 m. Many joining fragments; centerof bowl missing, completedin plaster. Ring foot; flaring wall beginning convex, with carinated turn to verticallip; two slightly cantedwishbone handles (one complete). Black glaze overall, thin and peeling; fired partly red;no traces of addedcolors.
158 419. Phiale
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION P1.46 buds encircled by added white, divided by added-white line. Smallerthan 422. For both these Attic examples see Vanderpool, Hesperia 15, 1946, p. 326, nos. 297-299, pl. 67. Early 5th century 424. Phiale P1.46 C-64-44. P:26; lot 2011 (late 5th century).H. 0.01, D. 0.038 m. Slightly chipped. Wide resting surface; well-defined central depression; low, convex flaring wall, turning vertical to outward thickenedrim; tall roundedomphalos,set off from floor; interior floor and wall strongly set off from each other. Two brown bands around omphalos; brown band on lower wall; one on rim; exteriorreserved.Well-executed tiny example. Later 5th century 425. Phiale P1.46 C-65-422. M:21; lot 4458 (late 4th century).H. 0.012, D. 0.048 m. Intact. Wide resting surface; shallow central depression; low vertical wall turning into seven scallops, ending in rounded lip; rounded, offset nipple omphalos. Black bands on floor around omphalos; added red on outer floor;black bands at top of interiorand exteriorwall. 5th century (?) 426. Fig. 9 C-61-416. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century). H. 0.021, D. 0.104 m. Two joining fragments; plaster restoration. Phiale
C-61-311. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.C.). H. 0.015, D. 0.053 m. Intact. Very shallow central depression; wall and lip as 418; very small nipple omphalos. Two added-redand brown bands around omphalos and on upper wall; brown dots on lip, running into added-red band on exterior wall. Similar examples from lot: C-61-308, C-61-310, C-61-312, C-61-313. Mid- or later 6th century 420. Fig. 9 lot 1988 (late 6th century). H. C-62-738. R:23-24; 0.015, D. 0.049 m. Slightly chipped. Flat bottom, with string marks; no central depression; low, convex flaring wall; slightly thickened rim; wide roundedomphalos. Fabric and glaze fired red. Red omphalos; inner floor with added red; upper wall red. Heavy rim indicateschange to new profile. End of 6th centuryor slightly later? Phiale 421. Phiale Fig. 9, PI. 46 lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. C-62-781. R:23-24; com0.034, rest. D. 0.114 m. Many joining fragments; pleted in plaster. Wide resting surface;deep central depression;tall, convex flaring wall; outwardthickenedrim, flat on top; high wide omphalos, flat on top, well offset from floor. Added red on omphalos continuing onto floor; black dicing; blackband and line; black blob buds;zone of dottedloops attachedto upper blackline; blackbandto rim;addedred on rim; exterior reserved.One of the latest pieces in this lot. The wall profile is still that of 6th-centuryphialai, but the rim and omphalosanticipatethe 5th-centuryform. 422. Attic phiale C-73-359. K-L:23; lot 73-102 (mid-5th century, Roman intrusion). Max. dim. 0.094 m. Three joining fragments;brokenat omphalosand at beginningof upward turn of wall. Floor decorationover black glaze: inner and outer bands of added white enclosing added-white tongues around omphalos;outer floor with large buds or leaves outlined in added white and filled in with added purple; areas between buds originally orange. Added colors mostly peeled. See 423. Early 5th century 423. Attic phiale P1.46 C-64-402. P:26; lot 2012 (early 5th century). Max. dim. 0.05 m. One floor fragment. Floor decorationover blackglaze: two zones of added-red
Narrow resting surface;shallow centraldepression;convex flaring wall turning vertical to rounded lip; uneven grooveof outer wall perhapsan attemptto offset lip; low button omphalos, well offset from floor. Undecorated. Resting surface narrower than typical of 5th-century phialai. First half 4th century 427. Phiale Fig. 9, P1.46 C-72-88. Foundation trench of wall 245; J:14. H. 0.032-0.035, D. 0.196 m. Many joining fragments,almost complete. Narrow resting surface; deep central depression with straightsides;low, convexflaringwall turningverticalto outward thickened rim, set off from wall by pared line (groove); flat-topped button omphalos, rising vertically from floor. Unevenly fired, buff to orange. Undecorated. See 428-430. 428. Phiale Fig. 9 C-72-86. Contextas 427. H. 0.035-0.041, D. 0.176 m. Intact.
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES Taller, more flaring wall than 427; similar rim; rounder and lower button omphalos. Unevenly fired, buff to orange. Undecorated. 429. Phiale C-72-87. Contextas 427. H. 0.036-0.041, D. 0.174 m. Many joining fragments;almost complete. Profile similar to 428; uneven groovesbelow rim as 427. Unevenly fired, buff to orange. Undecorated. Stacking line on exterior. Fig. 9, PI. 46 C-72-89. Context as 427. H. 0.023-0.026, D. 0.17 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall, rim missing. Wide central depressionwith deep groovearoundit; low flaring wall, rising to flat, outwardthickenedrim, articulated by two unevengroovesbelow;very low, wide button omphalos. Lower profile than 427-429. Undecorated. 427-430 are the largest phialai found in the Sanctuary; there was no other pottery in the foundationtrench, in which they were apparentlycarefullyplaced. Third quarter4th century (by profile) 431. Phiale C-72-210. Building K-L:24-25, Room 3, on hearth. H. 0.023, D. 0.104 m. Many joining fragments;almost complete. Narrow resting surface;shallow central depression;low, convex flaring wall; flat-toppedrim barely articulatedby incised line on outer wall; offset roundedomphalos.Undecorated.Stackingline on exterior. Late 4th century 432. Phiale PI. 46 C-72-211. Context as 431. H. 0.019, D. 0.094 m. Many joining fragments;almost complete. Shape as 431 but lower wall profile; inturned rim; flat buttonomphalos.Wheel grooveson exterior.Slightly later than 431; see 117, Group 7 and 173, Group 9. Early 3rd century Fig. 10, P1.46 C-72-245. 0:24; lot 2110 (first quarter 4th century). a) H. 0.081, est. D. lip 0.084, D. foot 0.052 m. Many joining fragments;one third preserved;verticalprofile without handle. b) P.H. 0.027, p.W. 0.039 m. Two joining fragmentsof upper wall, lip (not illustrated). Wide, splayed ring foot with verticaledge (almosta stem foot); conical underneath; tall wall beginning convex, turning vertical at maximum diameter,with slight flare to roundedlip. Interiorglazed. Exteriorwall blackto reserved zone at base of wall; black line above foot; outer foot with added red, edge reserved;undersurfacewith central black dot, black bands. 433. Goblet or kantharos 430. Phiale
159
The closestparallel for the foot is in the Vrysoula goblet (Pemberton, Hesperia 39, 1970, p. 277, no. 18, pp. 291-292, nos. 78-88). The wall profile is of neither the late kotyle nor the late skyphosform. For full discussion of this curiousvase, see p. 36 above. First quarter4th century (by context) 434. One-piece kantharos PI. 46 C-65-627. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). P.H. 0.065, D. foot 0.047 m. Fivejoining fragments;part of foot, wall preserved. Ring foot, in two degrees, wide resting surface;nippled undersurface;tooled groove between foot and wall (in later examples to become a true stem); low ovoid wall, curving in to (missing) roundedlip. Flat, narrow vertical ribs on wall. Originally black glazed overall, now peeling. Foot of one-piece form, but no other ribbed examples known. See C-31-206 (Corinth VII, iii, no. 380, p. 76, pi. 15) for profile. Secondquarter3rd century? 435. Cyma kantharos Fig. 10, P1.46 C-65-498. N-O:16-17; lot 4404 (mid-3rd century). H. 0.146-0.15, D. lip 0.136, D. foot 0.06 m. Many handles missjoining fragments,about half preserved; restoration. ing; plaster Pedestalfoot;stem ring; low ovoidwall; grooveand ridge 0.033 m. below lip markingchange to concaverim; flaring tapered lip. Interior completely glazed; exterior glazed to stem. Reserved:conicalundersurfacewith central black dot;resting surfaceof foot;stem;black bandon ledge. Scratchedverticalincisionsfor ribs on lower wall; X panel incised below handles;upper wall below groove with incisedwavy tendril;no trace of addedwhite for ivy leaves. High convex profile of foot is unusual. For profile: C-47-62 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 411, p. 80); for decoration: C-47-282 (no. 413, p. 80). Probablysecondquarterto mid-3rdcentury. Fig. 10, PI. 46 C-65-625. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). H. 0.098 est. D. lip 0.09, D. foot 0.052 m. Many joining fragments,preservingmost of foot, one third of wall, small area of lip, no handles;some plaster restoration. Ring footwith fillet (not a true foot in two degrees);semiconical inside; nippled undersurface; straight flaring wall, carinatedat point of maximumdiameter(one third of height), turningin slightlywithout convexityto rounded lip; scar of lower attachmentfor verticalstrap handle. Two horizontalgrooveson upper wall, at areas of lower and upper handle attachments. Glazed overall; glaze fired mostly red;no trace of decoration. 436. Articulatedkantharos
160
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION and lip resemblesan echinus bowl. See discussion,p. 37 above. 4th century 440. One-handledcup, type 2 Fig. 11 C-65-421. N-0:22; lot 4476 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.043-0.048, D. 0.085, D. foot 0.048 m. Many joining fragments;half of handle, part of wall, foot missing. Diagonal ring foot; nippled undersurface;convex wall vertical at lip; flattened lip; handle slightly contracted. Black glaze overall, peeling. First half 4th century 441. One-handledcup, type 2 Fig. 11 C-69-271. N:21; lot 6217 (later 4th century,2 Roman sherds). H. 0.049-0.052, est. D. lip 0.09, D. foot 0.04 m. Many joining fragments;half of foot, wall, most of handle missing. Published:Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 294, no. 7, pl. 57. Shape as 440 but with higher wall profile, lower foot. Black glaze overall except undersurface. Similar onehandlers:C-69-267, M:22, lot 6208; C-72-216, L:26-27, lot 72-129. Third or early fourth quarter4th century 442. One-handledcup, type 2 Fig. 11, P1.47 C-72-219. K-L:24-25; lot 72-139 (third to fourth quarter 4th century). H. 0.046, D. lip 0.086, D. foot 0.047 m. Many joining fragments;much of foot, bottom of bowl, half of wall, part of handle missing;plaster restoration. Shape as 441 but with moreroundedlip, morecontracted handle. Black glaze overall, now peeled. Third or early fourth quarter4th century 443. Flat-rimmedbowl P1.47 C-62-772. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.053, D. rim 0.13, D. foot 0.082 m. Many joining fragments;full profile;completedin plaster. Flaring ring foot with wide resting surface;convex flaring wall turning vertical to flattened rim, thickened in and out. Black glaze overall, thin and peeling. Addedpurple bands (no white) on outer foot, upper wall, under rim, on lip, outer floor, inner midwall. First half 6th century 444. Laconianbowl (or krater) Fig. 12 C-75-281. P:26; lot 2040 (ca. 500 B.c.). P.H. 0.038, est. D. rim 0.26 m. One upper wall and rim fragment. Hard, slightly rough clay without inclusions; core: 5YR 6/3 (light reddishbrown).
For similar profile:C-47-88 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 473, p. 85); but 436 is slightly sharperin articulationand has neater grooving. Mid-3rd centuryor slightly later? 437. Importedkantharos(?)with West Slope decoration Fig. 10, P1.47
C-65-292. N-0:19-20; lots 2239 (late Roman), 3207 (late Hellenistic, two Byzantine sherds), 3209 (1st centuryafter Christ). a) P.H. 0.046, est. D. lip 0.11 m. Four joining fragments of upper wall, rim. b) Max. dim. 0.031 m. Wall fragment (not illustrated). Hard, slightly gritty fine clay with a few bits of mica; fabric: 7.5YR 7/4 (pink), glaze: 5YR 3/4 (dark reddish brown). Possibly Corinthian;the clay is harder than typical of Corinthianbut not so fine as Attic. Concave wall, beginning to flare at lower break, terminating above in projectingmolding; straight flaring rim ending in rounded lip. On wall: boxed rectangles alternating with checkerboardin brown and black glaze; reserved band above design to molding; molding and rim brown; interiorglazed. No parallels for the shape. The estimated diameter and thinness of the fabric (0.003 m.) make it more suitable for a kantharosthan for an amphoraor krater.Two other fragmentsof the same fabric:C-47-357, kantharos (Corinth VII, iii, no. 397, p. 79) and C-63-742, conical bowl (no. 535, p. 92). The fabric also seems close to fabric A found in hemisphericalmoldmaderelief bowls and lamps of Corinth type X, group 1 (see C. M. Edwards, Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 200-201). See 498. Later Hellenistic? 438. One-handledcup, type 1 P1.47 C-70-392. J:20-21; lot 6516 (third quarter 5th century). H. 0.036, D. 0.082, rest. D. foot 0.043 m. Most of wall, foot, all of handle missing;plaster restoration.
Shallow ring foot; convex flaring wall with slight inturn to roundedlip. Glazed inside;upper half of exteriorwall glazed by dipping. Mid to third quarter 5th century 439. One-handledcup, type 1 Fig. 11, P1.47 C-69-264. M-N:19; lot 6182 (fourth quarter4th century). H. 0.042, D. 0.092, D. foot 0.048 m. Many joining fragments;half of wall preserved,no handle;plaster restoration. Published:Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 291, no. 2, pl. 57. Low ring foot with thin disk on undersurface; low, convex flaring wall with strong inturn to rounded lip. Interior glazed;upper one third of exteriorwall glazed (red and peeling) by dipping. The profile of the upper wall
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES Slightly convex flaring wall; outward thickened, wide rim, flat on top. Hard black glaze inside and out. No published parallels for shape. Identifiedas Laconian by Laura Siegel. 6th century (by context) Fig. 12, P1.47 C-62-783. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.043, D. 0.063, rest. D. lip 0.062 m. Many joining fragments;full profile;completedin plaster. Slightly concaveresting surface,no foot;tall concavewall outwardthickenedat lower edge, terminatingin outward thickened lip. Black glazed except reservedresting surface and lip. For profile: Agora XII, no. 922, p. 136, pi. 34. Late 6th century Large Attic echinus bowl Fig. 12, PI. 47 C-69-263. 0:20-21; lot 6205 (early 3rd century). H. 0.045, est. D. 0.16, est. D. foot 0.088 m. Four joining fragments;preservingone fifth of whole. Ring foot;grooveon inner face of restingsurface;nippled undersurface; wide, convex flaring wall turning in to tapered lip. Black glaze overall, except reserved band at base of wall and on resting surface;miltos on groove of resting surface.On floor:five circlesof roulettingaround six alternatelylinked, stampedpalmettes;centralcircle. See Agora XII, no. 830, p. 295, pl. 33, fig. 8. Mid-4th century 447. Large echinus bowl Fig. 12, PI. 47 C-65-488. M:18; lot 3231 (later 3rd century?). H. 0.065, est. D. 0.17, D. foot 0.058 m. Many joining fragments;one third preserved;plaster restoration. Small ring foot; convex flaring wall, taller than 446; strong inturn to tapered lip. Interior glazed; exterior glazed on upper third of wall. Early 3rd century (by profile) 448. Small echinus bowl P1.47 C-65-629. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century).H. 0.04, est. D. lip 0.07, D. foot 0.029 m. Two joining fragments;half missing. Small ring foot; nippled undersurface;convex flaring wall with pronounced turn and thickening of wall to roundedinturnedlip. Originallyglaze overall;glaze fired red, peeling. Secondquarterto mid-3rd century Bowl with outturnedrim Fig. 12, P1.47 C-71-136. M-N:23; lot 6838 (early 4th century). H. 0.053, D. 0.138, D. foot 0.074 m. Many joining fragments;part of foot, wall, rim missing. Tall ring foot; no nippling; wide, convex flaring wall with continuous curve to round rolled rim. Black glaze 449. 446. 445. Attic saltcellar
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overall, peeling; miltos on undersurfacewith wide concentric band of glaze. In center of floor: circle, four stamped palmettes linked in diamond configuration, three light groovesoverwhich are 14 unlinkedpalmettes, very thin and linear. Stampvery worn. Not yet with doublecurveto wall, a trait noticeableby the mid-4th century:C-37-2589 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 73, p. 34, pls. 3, 44). Older high foot still presentin 449. Early 4th century 450. Bowl with outturnedrim PI. 47 C-69-268. M:22; lot 6208 (late 4th century).H. 0.036, est. D. lip 0.15, est. D. foot 0.063 m. Fourjoining fragments; most of foot, three fourths of wall and rim missing. Ring foot; flaring lower wall only slightly convex, turning up and becomingslightly concavebefore barely outturned roundedlip. Graffito(single stroke)on undersurface. Glazed overall. Ring foot and glazing from older form of bowl; slight concavityof upper wall and loss of thickenedlip indicate Hellenistic profile. See discussion,p. 43 above. 450 may representthe transitionbetweenthe two profiles. Late 4th century (by context) Fig. 12, PI. 47 C-69-269. N:19; no lot. H. 0.039, est. D. rim 0.114, est. D. foot 0.046 m. Two joining fragments; one fourthpreserved. Ring foot; wide, straight flaring wall rising from strong carination to concave rim and slightly outturned lip. Originally black glaze overall, peeling, with miltos on inner foot and undersurface. Complete glazing and use of miltos (imitating Attic) suggest a date early in the series. Early 3rd century 451. Small bowl with outturnedrim 452. Small bowl with outturnedrim Fig. 12 C-65-487. M:16-17; lot 3232 (probablyto 146 B.C.). H. 0.037, est. D. rim 0.108, D. foot 0.038 m. Fivejoining fragments;one third preserved. Published: Bookidis, Hesperia 38, 1969, p. 303, note 11, pl. 79:d, right. Narrow ring foot;nippled undersurface; straight flaring wall becomingconcaveabovecarination;roundedflaring rim. Glazed inside; rim dipped on exterior; thin glaze mostly red and peeling. Less articulated rim, lack of strong carination, relatively narrow foot all suggest date later than 451. Late 3rd or early 2nd century PI. 47 453. Conical bowl C-65-624. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). P.H. 0.046, p.W. 0.044 m. Four joining fragments from wall and lip.
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 456. Small bowl, beveledrim Fig. 13, PI. 47 C-71-137. M:22-23; lots 6826 and 6827 (late 4th century). H. 0.026, D. 0.087, D. foot 0.051 m. Four joining fragments; most of floor missing; plaster restoration. Published:Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, no. 10, p. 298, pl. 58; cited: Williams, Hesperia 48, 1979, p. 124.
Straight flaring wall, simple roundedlip. Thin, reddish, peeling glaze overall. Decoration limited to interior of bowl, in incision and addedwhite. Below: horizontalincised chain of berries, black dots once with added white. Narrow band of added white above. Zone below lip: incised boxed rectanglesstoppedby checkerboard; tracesof added white in alternate squares of checkerboard.Narrow added-whiteband below lip. Secondhalf 3rd century 454. Hemisphericalbowl with West Slope decoration Fig. 12, P1.47
Shape as 455, with more articulation of bevel, higher foot. Black glaze overall, peeling. Third quarter4th century 457. Fig. 13, P1.47 C-72-220. K-L:24-25; lot 72-139 (third to fourth quarter 4th century). H. 0.027, est. D. 0.10, est. D. foot 0.052 m. Two non-joining fragments, each mendedof severalfragments;plaster restoration.Only larger fragmentillustrated. Shape as 456, with more horizontal wall. Black glaze overall, peeling. Similar profile:C-72-222, L:26-27, lot 72-128. Third quarter4th century Small bowl, beveledrim 458. PI. 48 Moldmaderelief bowl, figured C-64-37. P-Q:26-27; lot 2009 (3rd to first half 4th centuryafter Christ). P.H. 0.038, p.W. 0.062 m. Two fragments of upper wall. Peeling black glaze; worn mold.
C-65-525. M:16-17; lot 3227 (late 3rd or early 2nd century). P.H. 0.057. Four joining fragments;plaster restoration. Bottom and lower wall of round open bowl, without articulation of resting surface. Glazed inside and out, thin and peeling, scrapedaway from grooveslimiting zones of decoration. Decoration limited to exterior wall; interior not sufficiently preservedto determine presence of decoration on floor. Designs in incision and added white; stain of white preserved. From bottom: traces of white petals; bead and reel in added white; incised horizontal wheat pattern, with added-whitedots inside center area; brokenbelow lip. For the shape, see C-65-377, the profile of which is shown in Figure 36 (Corinth VII, iii, no. 944, p. 187, pl. 84), with the same lower motifs. For the wheat, see the kotylai above, 399 and 400. Later 3rd or early 2nd century 455. Small bowl, beveledrim Fig. 13, PI. 47 C-69-266. M:22; lot 6208 (late 4th century).H. 0.026, est. D. 0.088, est. D. foot 0.052 m. Three joining fragments;one third preserved;centerof floor missing. Ring foot;convex flaring wall without sharp articulation of bevel, turning in to tapered lip. Black glaze overall. Echinoid profile. Third quarter 4th century
Traces of two chariotsmovingright;between them at left lower break a rosette; above, enclosed eggs between ridges; upper border design at break not discernible. Charioteersapparently not winged. Peeling black glaze overall;worn mold. The chariot motif, rosette, and enclosed egg pattern suggest an Argive model. C-73-191, from a late Hellenistic and Roman fill in Shop 5, Lechaion Road east, shows the chariotsand rosette. See also Siebert (footnote 21 above, p. 4), M48, pl. 27 and the related Nikai motif, on Ep2, pl. 43. Late 3rd century? 459. Moldmaderelief bowl, figured P1.48 C-65-644. M:16-17; lot 3233 (early Roman). Two non-joining fragments. a) Max. dim. 0.079 m. Five joining fragmentsof medallionand lowerwall. b) Max. dim. 0.088 m. Four joining fragmentsof upper wall, rim. a. Medallion enclosed by two concentricridges; medallion design indiscernible. Ten palmettes with curled leaves laid radially to medallion;rosettesbetween upper parts of palmettes. b. Part of one rosettepreserved;undeterminedobjects on the upper wall; rim zone with running tendril between ridges, three dots in each loop. In one small area
FIG.36. Hemisphericalbowl, C-65-377. Scale 1:2
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES the tendril appears to be stopped by a rosette. Peeling glaze overall, partly red;worn mold. For similar palmettes, see C-35-978 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 862, p. 170). Early 2nd century 460. P1.48 C-65-645. M:18-19; lot 3223 (late Roman). P.H. 0.041, p.W. 0.055 m. Two joining fragmentsof convex wall. Moldmade relief bowl, imbricate
163
Variant imbricatepattern on wall, of overlappingscales in doubleridges, centralverticalrow of four to seven dots in each section. Thin glaze, fired red to black, overall. For linear imbricate designs, see Corinth VII, iii, p. 158. Secondquarter 2nd century 461. P1.48 C-65-646. M-0:17-20; lot 3206 (Byzantine). Two non-joining fragments from convex lower wall. a) Max. dim. 0.041 m. b) Max. dim. 0.032 m. Moldmaderelief bowl, shield
PI. 48 463. Importedmoldmaderelief bowl, long petal C-65-647. M:18-19; lot 3223 (late Roman). P.H. 0.041, p.W. 0.054, est. D. lip 0.11 m. One fragmentof upper wall, rim. Micaceous fabric: 10YR 7-6/1 (gray). Shape as 462. Lower wall: rounded tips of long petals, verticaldots between;above,enclosedpendenteggs, separated by incised darts, bounded by horizontal ridges. Thin peeling blue to dark gray glaze overall. For the petal/dot motif: Delos XXXI, nos. 4666, 8541, pl. 43; for the egg and dart, Delos XXXI, no. 226, pi. 42, no. 1592, pl. 45, and others. Monogramworkshop,2nd century 464. Fig. 15 C-69-297. M-N:19; lots 6182 and 6189 (late 4th century). H. 0.035, est. D. 0.144, D. foot 0.06 m. Seven centermissing. joining fragments;half preserved; Published:Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 291, no. 1, pl. 57. Ring foot, slightly rounded;convex flaring wall, ending in roundedlip. Black glaze overall, peeling. Similar profile: C-72-221, K-L:25-26, lot 72-134. Third quarter4th century Saucer
a. Lower wall, turning into area of medallion,with sixarm pinwheel, dots, set off from bowl by circle. Above circle, dots, two concentricridges. b. Wall fragmentwith concentricridges, dots. Peeling glaze overall. The offset of the lowest part of the bowl by circle or ridge, with decorationbetween it and the medallion, is fairly common on shield bowls in both Corinthian and other fabrics.The pinwheel is not a commonCorinthian motif, although the triskeles is used as a medallionmotif or within the circles of shield bowls: see CP-1930, C-37-1569, C-33-102, C-31-479 (Corinth VII, iii, nos. 923, 928, 930, 931, p. 184, pl. 81). Delian bowls have six- and nine-arm pinwheels, as on C-38-699, and examples in Delos XXXI, nos. 4303 and 4328, pl. 45. 2nd century 462. Importedmoldmaderelief bowl, imbricate P1.48
Fig. 15, P1.48 C-73-316. K-L:23-24; lots 73-115 and 73-116 (late 4th century). H. 0.035-0.039, D. 0.154, D. foot 0.069 m. Many joining fragments; completed in plaster. Ring foot:verticalouter face, wide resting surface,diagonal inner face; nippled undersurface; flaring wall with little convexity;roundedlip. Black glaze overall. Fourth quarter4th century 465. Saucer 466. Saucer P1.48 C-69-265. N:18; lot 5635 (early 3rd century). H. 0.036, est. D. 0.17, D. foot 0.064 m. Five joining fragments;one fourth preserved; plaster restoration. Shape as 465, slightly lower foot. Glaze overall, peeling; poor surfacefinish.
Ca. 300 B.C.
C-65-303. M:18-19; lot 3223 (late Roman). P.H. 0.076, p.W. 0.079 m. Four joining fragmentsof wall, lip. Micaceous fabric:5YR 5/1 (gray). Noted: Williams (Hesperia 47, 1978), p. 22, note 32. Convex wall with ridge before inturned lip. On wall: imbricate pattern of overlapping pointed leaves; above ridge, row of eight-petal rosettes.Gray glaze overall. For similar leaves, see Delos XXXI, nos. 371, pl. 1, and 5158, pl. 9. See also the discussion of gray ware in Corinth and the chronologicalproblems raised by it in Williams, Hesperia 47, 1978, pp. 21-23. Workshopof Menemachos,2nd century
467. Saucer
Fig. 15, P1.48 C-71-174. L-M:28; lot 6723 (late 4th-early 3rd century). H. 0.028-0.032, est. D. 0.124, est. D. foot one 0.055 m. Many joining fragments; thirdpreserved; centerof floor missing;plaster restoration.
Shape as 466 with changeof directionin wall. Glazed on interior;top third of exteriorwall glazed by dipping. First quarter3rd century
164 468. Saucer
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION Slightly convexflaring wall; flaring horizontalrim offset from upper wall face by two grooves;groove on outer edge of rim before lip. Originally glazed overall; glaze interscrapedfromgrooves.On upperrim, crosshatching Not ruptedby checkerboard. sufficientlypreservedto discern bowl decoration. For crosshatching as a late West Slope design: Thompson, Hesperia 3, 1934, p. 441, found only in examples of the last group, E59, E60. Late 2nd century? 473. Fig. 16 C-65-609. M:16-17; lot 3410 (probably early Roman). H. 0.044, est. D. rim 0.25, D. foot 0.105 m. Many joining fragments; full profile; plaster restoration. Plate with offset rim
Fig. 15 C-72-53. N:12-13; no lot. H. 0.031-0.033, D. 0.124, D. foot 0.05 m. Many joining fragments; half preserved. Shape as 467; small foot; nippled undersurface;wheel ridges on wall. Interior glazed; most of exterior wall glazed;badly finished surface. Secondquarter to mid-3rd century 469. Plate P1.48 C-65-473. N:22; lot 4460 (late 4th century).H. 0.015, est. D. 0.135, D. resting surface 0.11 m. Four joining fragments;full profile. Flat resting surfacewith groovenear outer edge;low rim beginning diagonally, flaring with little convexity to rounded lip; shallow groove below lip on upper face. Three brown lines on resting surface;two brown lines on outer rim. Floor:four centralbrown circles;reservedribbon made by radiating opposing triangles; brown line; outer floor with brown dot rosettes; brown line and added-red band at edge of floor. Lower rim: groups of four brown lines above. Brown is dilutedglaze. "worms"; Probablyearly 5th century 470. Fig. 16 C-61-404. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.038, rest. D. rim 0.24, rest. D. foot 0.154 m. Many joining fragments;completedin plaster. Wide vertical ring foot; flat undersurface;low convex wall; flaring convex rim, concave underneath;rounded lip with groove on upper surface setting it off from rim. Two suspension holes. Originally glazed overall, now peeled. Surfaceburnt. Lip and rim profilesuggestiveof 6th-centurydate;foot and glaze suggestive of 4th. The plate cannot be closely dated by context. Plate 471. Attic plate with rolled rim Fig. 16 C-70-205. J:21; no lot. H. 0.028, est. D. rim 0.21, est. D. foot 0.13 m. Six joining fragmentsof foot, wall, rim; center missing. Vertical ring foot; slightly convex flaring wall; shallow grooveat turn to upper concavewall; ledge;flaringrolled rim; no grooves on upper surface, which is flat. Black glaze overall; no traces of stamping. See Agora XII, no. 1056, p. 310, fig. 10. Mid- to third quarter 4th century 472. Plate with offset rim P1.48 C-65-319. M:16-17; lot 3410 (probably early Roman). Est. D. rim 0.175 m. Four joining fragments, preservingpart of wall, rim; brokenat groovefor central medallionof floor.
Vertical ring foot; nippled undersurface;convex flaring wall; grooves on both exterior and interior faces offsetting concaverim; roundedlip offset by groovefrom rim. Grooves on floor with narrow central depression, too narrow for use as fish plate. Glaze overall, peeling. Interiorgroovessuggest West Slope decorativesystem, but there are no tracesof paint for such designs. Exterior grooves without known parallel. Size and width of rim also unusual. Variant of West Slope plate? Mid-2nd centuryor later? 474. Attic alabastron(?) P1.48 C-65-410. M:21; lot 4458 (late 4th century). P.H. 0.038, Th. upper break 0.006 m. One fragmentfrom base of pointed closed vessel, without foot or resting surface. Exterior wall black glazed; careful horizontal ribbing ringing the wall; interiorreserved.No known parallels. 475. Blister-warearyballos P1.48 C-61-168. O-P:25; lot 872 (late 5th-centurypottery; Roman lamp). P.H. 0.033, D. 0.074 m. Many joining fragments; part of wall, all of neck, rim, handle missing. Flat restingsurface;low ovoidbody curvingcontinuously to neck. Well-modeled, convex ribs evenly spaced on wall. Third quarter 5th century 476. Blister-warearyballos P1.48 C-61-400. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.068, rest. D. 0.10, D. rim 0.04 m. Most of resting surface,part of wall restoredin plaster. Shape as 475 with lower, ovoid wall; domedprofile;low, concave, narrow neck merging with flaring rim; rim slopes down on upper face;strap handle from upper wall to rim. Vertical incisions on wall, irregularlybut closely spaced. At lower limit of lot; third quarter4th century
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES 477. P1.48 C-65-631. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). H. 0.065, D. 0.087, D. rim 0.032 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall and resting surfacemissing;plaster restoration. Blister-warearyballos
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480 has a more gentle curve than the example from Forum drain 1971-1, C-71-522. Differencesmay not indicate chronologicalvariance. Late 4th century? Fig. 21, P1.48 C-69-313. M-N:19; lot 6181 (mid-3rd century). H. 0.085, D. 0.076, D. foot 0.058 m. Stopper missing; edge of spout, flange chipped. Profile as 480, except disk foot; diagonal spout on side; bolster at top of handle. Spout on side away from holes of stopper. Surface originally polished but now burnt, flaking. Late 4th or early 3rd century? 481. "Feeder" PI. 49 482. Tripod pyxis C-62-782. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.028, D. 0.062, D. foot 0.058 m. Two joining fragments;one foot restoredin plaster. Flaring foot, not offset from wall; high recessed undersurface;low concavewall; flaringflat rim;bowl undercut from rim inside. Exterior and undersurface reserved. Wide "worms" rim; tracesof X and petal pattern (see on 483) on floor. Badly burnt, obscuringpatterns;glaze has peeled. Probablylater 6th century PI. 49 483. Tripod pyxis C-64-217. N-0:23; lot 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin). H. 0.035, est. D. 0.09 m. Three full joining fragments,one third preserved; profile. as 482. Exterior and undersurfacereserved.On Shape rim: "worms";on floor: long X, intersectedby a cross with petals at its tips in addedred over glaze. Later 6th century P1.49 Flanged pyxis C-61-408. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century).H. 0.074, est. D. inner flange 0.20 m. Four joining fragments; vertical profile, part of one handle preserved;floor missing. No foot;roundedoutwardthickeningof lower wall; vertical wall; thickenedroundedrim with groovebelow;diagonal flange flaringinto bowl; part of verticalreflex handle on rim. Base of wall: added red (over glaze), black band above; most of wall with zone of six or seven "worm"lines alternating with wide stripes of brown; some traces of addedred on stripes;pattern borderedby glaze lines above and below. Dots on rim and handle; flange glazed including lip; trace of glaze inside at beginning of floor. Glaze fired mostly red, peeling. See T 2980 (CorinthXIII, grave 333-4, pl. 50). 484 is probablyearlier. Early 5th century 484.
Slightly concave resting surface; short, almost biconical wall turning continuouslyinto shoulder;tall, narrow,tapering neck; projecting rim horizontal below, diagonal above to neck opening;strap handle with centralvertical groove (pseudo-doublehandle), attached from shoulder to rim. Blisters on exterior.Very thin fabric. First or secondquarter 3rd century 478. Blister-warearyballos P1.48 C-65-309. M:18; lot 3222 (first half 3rd century after Christ). P.H. 0.074, D. 0.089, D. resting surface0.05 m. Rim and most of handle missing. Slightly concave resting surface; wall as 477 but more pronouncedlybiconical; two grooves on upper wall in handle area. Thin wash on surface,mostly peeling; blisters on surface. Very thin fabric as 477. Biconicalshape and context require a date later than 477. Surfaceburnt. 2nd century? 479. Blister-warefilter vase C-65-630. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). P.H. 0.06, D. rim 0.063 m. Three joining fragments;shoulder and neck preserved.Wheelmade. Convex shoulder;funnel neck with diagonal flare to flat horizontalrim, inward thickened.Neck made separately from rest of vessel, with floor, through which were punched six holes, 0.005 m. in width. Strap handle at base of neck. No surface wash; blisters on surface.Very thin fabric (0.002 m. at shoulder). For a more completeexample, see C-47-853 (Corinth 479 VII, iii, no. 778, p. 149, pls. 36, 64) datedto 146 B.C. may be earlier. 480. "Feeder" P1.48 C-71-170. L-M:28; lot 6723 (late 4th, early 3rd century). H. 0.098-0.102, est. D. 0.087, D. foot 0.057 m. Many joining fragments; much of wall with spout missing;verticalprofile complete;plaster restoration. Very low ring foot; low ovoid wall, narrowingto flaring roundedflange;diagonallyrising rim. Mouth made separately with stopper; ten holes pierced through stopper on one side. Strap handle, concave on outer face, from upper wall to rim; pellet at top of handle. Most of the examples of feeders (see discussion,p. 63 above) have the stopper holes only on one side. Of those that have the spout preserved,always on the side, never on axis with the handle, some have the spout on the side with the holes, others do not.
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION two thirds preserved; center of lid missing; plaster restoration. Shape as 487; nearly flat top of lid; vertical flange set back only slightly from rim. Interior reserved. Flange: bands of added red, black, added red, black, with glaze lines between. Upper rim with groove, added red on it; four lines of glaze, beforemissingcenterof lid. Addedred over glaze. Secondhalf 6th century 489. Pyxis lid P1.49 C-64-429. N:26; lot 2075 (early 5th century). H. 0.042, D. 0.107 m. Three joining fragments; about three fourths preserved; completeprofile. set in from edge; sloping top with two Tapering flange ridges set off by grooves at outer edge; knob in form of eight pomegranateslaid radially to central conical ring. on Undersurfacereserved; blackcheckerboard outer edge of lid; added red in grooves; black band on upper lid around knob; pomegranatesalternately added red and black;centralring scored,paintedblack. Exteriorsurface polished;colorspeeling. Late 6th or early 5th century (by context) 490. Lid P1.49 C-62-720. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.035, est. D. 0.12 m. Five joining fragments;full profile. High domed center with rounded knob narrowing in stem; flat horizontal lid with wide groove near outer edge, ending in rounded lip; no flange. Interior and exterior surfacescoveredwith careful, thin wheel grooves. Interior reserved. Exterior: two added-purple (over black) bands near edge on either side of wide groove; black circle aroundjuncture of domed knob and lid; Xpattern of pairs of added-purplelines from knob to lip; top of knob originally glazed. No parallels for shape or decoration. 6th century (by context) 491. Perforatedcylindricalvessel Fig. 20, PI. 49 C-64-447. Q:20-22; lot 2087 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.162, D. 0.156, D. foot 0.112, D. wall 0.129 m. Many joining fragmentspreserve foot, lower flange, part of wall with opening, top flange, and beginningof domedtop. Center of floor missing. Low ring foot with wide, flat resting surface, set well back from projectingflange; flange with slightly convex lower surface, raised ring around set-back cylindrical wall; wall gently concave, flaring out continuously to form projectingflange at top of wall; raised ring around base of domedtop. At bottomof wall, oval door opening 0.05 m. high, 0.064 m. wide. Holes throughwall and top, made before firing, in horizontal but not vertical alignment. Holes not scrapedclean inside on wall fromlevel of
485. Flanged pyxis Fig. 19 C-70-237. I-J:21-22; lot 6511 (mid-5th century). H. 0.031, D. 0.075, D. inner flange 0.061 m. Many joining fragments; full vertical profile, one handle preserved. Shape as 484 but smaller; flat resting surface. Resting surface,handle reserved.Base of wall black;wall banded with added red, black, black, the latter continuing over rim; upper half of rim reserved;flange black including lip. On floor:centralcircle;wide bands of black and added red separatedby glaze lines; interiorwall with addedred band, glaze line below. Added red directly on clay. Typical black-and-redConventionalizingdecoration. Mid-5th century (by context) PI. 49 Powder-pyxisbowl C-62-696. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). P.H. 0.013, D. 0.086 m. Resting surface, lower wall preserved;upper wall broken away, break worn smooth resemblingfinished surface. Flat resting surface, with one central groove, one near outer edge;verticalwall inset from base, creatingprojecting rounded ledge. Interior: central glaze circle; one at juncture of floor and wall. Exterior: two lines on wall; resting surface with added red (over glaze), glaze in groove,glaze line just inside groove,glaze band in center, centralgroovewith addedred. Colors worn and peeling. 6th century 486. 487. P1.49 Powder-pyxis lid C-62-780. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.086, D. 0.113 m. Many joining fragments;vertical profile complete;half restoredin plaster. Domed top (centerrestoredin plaster);two moldedrings near center, third near rim; projectingroundedrim with four narrow grooves on upper face; slightly concave flange set in from rim, outward thickenedat bottom. Interior reserved. Flange: red above rounded edge; wide zone of verticalstripesbetween bands;dicingabove;band below rim; traces of added red on rim groovesand rings; "worm"pattern possibly between rings. Added red appears to be over glaze, but glaze firedred. Colors peeling; surfaceencrusted;patternsobscured. Designs similar to those on powder pyxides found in graves but 487 is much larger than the latter. Similar pyxis identified as a bowl, not a lid: T 1138 (Corinth XIII, grave 258-4, pl. 34). The size of the rings makes it difficult to turn 487 upside down and call it a bowl; it does not rest steadily. Secondhalf 6th century 488. PI. 49 Powder-pyxis lid C-62-779. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.043, D. 0.073 m. Many joining fragments; about
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES top of door down; those above and those on dome are free of wadded clay. No decoration. Hellenistic 492. Perforatedcylindricalvessel Fig. 20, P1.49 C-65-610. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). P.H. 0.121, D. 0.153, D. foot 0.105 m. Two joining fragments preserve all of foot, lower flange, floor, part of wall with opening. Disk foot, gently concaveon undersurface; flange as 491; wall lightly convex, turning in at top for cylindrical dome; probablyno upper wall flange. Holes, door opening as 491. Door: est. H. 0.053, 0.055 m. wide. No holes are scrapedclean. Hellenistic 493.
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this piece resemblesthat of the next; both are probably imported. Hellenistic 495. Perforatedcylindricalvessel P1.49 C-65-656. N-0:13-17; lot 4417 (late Roman). P.H. with handle 0.063 m. One fragment of top. Lightly micaceousclay, 7.5YR 7/6 (reddishyellow). See 494. Conical top, rising to roundedknob as on spoutedaskos; wide strap handle rising vertically(but not symmetrically) attached at either side below knob. Five preserved holes, more at lower break. There is a very similar fragment, C-65-653, M:16-17, lot 3227. Hellenistic 496. Ladle P1.49
Perforatedcylindricalvessel P1.49 C-69-320. K-L:21-22; lot 6219 (lst century after Christ). a) P.H. 0.123, D. 0.155 m. Many joining fragments preserve base, much of wall. b) P.W. 0.106 m. Two joining fragmentsof upper wall, beginning of top. Hard, gritty fabric,with tracesof mica and a few inclusions;5YR 7-6/6 (reddishyellow). a. Flat resting surface, no foot; wall contractingabove edge of base, forming sharp bevel; cylindricalwall. Finished surface at left break for top of door; parts of two rows of holes preserved,more at top break,scrapedclean on interior. Holes begin above level of door. b (not illustrated). Wall flaring to projectingflange; beginning of domed top, set in from flange, preserving one hole, parts of others. Preservedtop of wall without holes. Slight misfiring, surfacedarkerin a few areas. Interior of both fragmentshave wheel ridges;exterior also with wheel grooves. Hellenistic. 494. Perforatedcylindricalvessel PI. 49
C-65-465. N-0:13-15; lot 4387 (4th century after Christ). P.L. 0.106 m. Five joining fragments, from bowl and handle attachment.Handmade. Roundedbowl with beginning of vertical flare for rising sides of ladle;attachmentfor long handlevisible on lower surface.Blackon sides of handle. Dipinto in addedred on bowl, turning 90? on one side: Height of the bowl is unknown, but one curving side suggests a fairly deep bowl, although probably not so deep as a kyathos. The context providesno date for the ladle. 497. Open vessel with West Slope decoration Fig. 21, PI. 49
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C-65-626. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). P.H. 0.057, est. D. flange 0.14 m. One fragment of cylindrical wall, upper flange, beginning of dome. Lightly micaceous soft clay: 5YR 6/8 (reddish yellow); buff exterior slip: 10YR 7/4 (very pale brown). Cylindrical wall preservingsix holes, part of seventh, in random placement; projecting flange set off from wall with slightly convex lower face, flat diagonal top face, with groove setting flange off from slanting top; top thickened at inner break, probably becominglevel. Top without holes. Clay slightly softer than the other red fabric noted in these vessels (see p. 60 above) but with sufficientmica to suggest that it is not Corinthian.The buff clay slip is also not found in vessels of this type in typical Corinthian clay, even those of the more orange color. The clay of
C-68-200 (a), C-65-293 (b). 0:20, M:18-19, MN:19; lots 3215 (early Roman?), 5615 (late Roman), 5624 (5th and 4th centuryand 497). a) P.H. 0.076, est. D. 0.08, D. resting surface 0.028 m. Many joining fragments;base, part of wall, shoulder, beginning of neck preserved.b) Max. dim. 0.035 m. One fragment of midwall. Recessedundersurface; false base ring, not articulatedon exterior;shortglobularbodymergingwith slopingshoulder; neck set off from shoulder by vertical ledge. Neck opening probablyas narrow as resting surface. Without evidencefor length of neck, shape, and directionof handle, shape is unclear. Perhapsa juglet or small askos? a. Black glaze overall, interior and exterior. Midwall decoratedwith thorns (clay nodules), set off above and below by grooves; zone below neck ledge with incised wavy stem for ivy chain; leaves in added white, now peeled. Glaze scratchedfrom grooves. b (not illustrated).Wall fragmentwith thorns. Similarprofile:C-28-70 (CorinthVII, iii, p. 2, note 3: "small closed shape"), with Hellenistic scale pattern. The use of thorns seems to be late Hellenistic. The lot
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION file do not appear to be kantharoid(rim diametergreater than wall diameter),although the fragmentis of suitable thinness (0.003 m.). Hellenistic, possibly 3rd century? 499. Gnathian closed shape P1.49 C-65-511. 0:23; lot 4347 (end of 4th century). P.H. 0.032, p.W. 0.030 m. One wall fragment,no preserved edge. Fine, non-micaceousclay: 5YR 7/6 (reddishyellow). From closed shape;oinochoe? Exterior black glazed;interiorreserved.On exterior:below, incised eggs with added white inside, between two pairs of horizontalincised lines; row of added-whitedots above;at upper break,chain of added-purpleand addedwhite leaves, with one large added-white circle; addedwhite clusters of berries. Added white peeled, only stain preserved. See Gnathian oinochoe with similar designs: CVA, British Museum 1 [Great Britain 1], pl. 6 [42]:19. Probablylate 4th century
contains Classical pottery with the exception of this fragment. Mid-2nd century 498. Open vessel with West Slope decoration P1.49 C-65-648. 0:18; lot 4349 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.038, rest. D. lip 0.10 m. One fragmentof upper wall, concaveneck, moldedrim. Hard, non-micaceous clay: 5YR 7/6 (reddishyellow). Convex wall turning in at top; ridge at top of wall as offset for low concave neck; flaring molded rim with lower flat ridge; slightly convex molding, light groove, rounded thickened lip. Hard, metallic glaze overall, a mottled red brown. Shallow ribbing on wall, stopping at right break, where there is a scar of a handle attachment; the lip above is not broken.On neck, incised tendril with leaves and dots in thick creamyapplied clay. The fabric resembles that of 437 but is darker and seems more compact.498 is neither Corinthiannor Attic. The shape also is problematic,for the rim and neck pro-
MINIATURES (500-594)
The miniatures are arrangedby shape and chronologicallywithin each shape; the chronologyis, however, very tentative. Only the phialai are not included here; because it was impossibleto ascertainat what size a phiale becomesa miniature,the very small examples are not separatedfrom the others.
500. Small hydria P1. 50 C-61-256. P-Q:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter 4th century). H. 0.063, D. 0.063, D. foot 0.042 m. Part of vertical handle, rim missing;hole in shoulder. Wide false ring foot; short wall with high ovoid profile; offset shoulder, almost horizontal; short concave neck flaring to triangular rim; loop side handles; vertical round handle from shoulder to neck. Added purple over black on foot; black on lower wall; black dicing at top of wall; black linear tongues on shoulder; added-purple band on neck; rim and handles black. Added purple and black peeling. See T 3202 (Corinth XIII, grave 160-9, pl. 24), first quarter 6th century, with more globular body. 500 is later, probablysecondhalf of 6th century. PI. 50 501. Small hydria C-61-203. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.071, D. 0.06, D. foot 0.029 m. Foot chipped;one side handle and part of rim missing. Disk foot;high ovoidwall, taller than 500; horizontaloffset shoulder; vertical neck, flaring to horizontal rim, groovedon upper face; side handles diagonally set; vertical round handle from shoulder to rim. Added red on foot; black band on midwall; black blob buds on upper wall continuing onto side handles; added-red band at shoulder;black linear tongues on shoulder;neck and rim black. Comparesimilar profile of 47, Group 3 (Fig. 1). First half 5th century 502. Small hydria P1. 50 C-73-320. P-Q:24-25; no lot. P.H. 0.065, D. 0.063, D. foot 0.036 m. Five joining fragments;neck, rim, all handles missing;holes in wall and foot. Ring foot with outer ledge (accidental);high ovoid body merging with convex sloping shoulder;drip ring at base of neck. Added red on foot; brown band below handles; handle zone bounded by added-red lines, with unattachedblack ivy leaves off right-angledstems;brown and added-redlines on lower shoulder;linked brown spirals; addedred at top of shoulderand on drip ring. Similar example, C-61-220, Q:25, lot 881. More contractedfoot suggests late 5th- or early 4thcenturydate. 503. Small hydria PI. 50 C-64-405. 0:25-26; lot 2079 (earlier 4th century).H. 0.09, D. 0.064, D. foot 0.036 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall, neck, rim missing.
MINIATURES Flaring disk foot; wall and shoulder as 502; tall narrow neck, flaring to rounded lip; canted side handles; round verticalhandle from outer shoulderto neck. Poor surface finish; unevenly fired. Early 4th century 504. Small hydria C-61-399. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.084, D. 0.054, D. foot 0.034 m. One side handle, verticalhandle, part of rim missing. Nipple on undersurface (accidental?); high false ring foot; wall and shoulder as 502; narrow concave neck, flaring to horizontal rim with peaked lip; 90? side handle. Poor surface finish;warped. See 138, Group 7, for similar profile (Fig. 1); 138 not at lower terminus of that group. Form of rim and side handle later than 138. Later 4th century P1. 50 505. Small hydria C-62-317. R:23-24; lot 1962 (early 3rd century). H. 0.067, D. 0.051, D. foot 0.028 m. Intact,except hole in upper wall. Disk foot; high ovoid wall merging with sloping shoulder; shorterprofile than 504; tall narrow neck, flaring to horizontalrim with grooveson inner and outer faces;90? side handles;ribbonfor verticalhandle, from shoulderto rim. Late 4th, beginning of 3rd century PI. 50 506. Small hydria C-65-577. M:18; lot 3228 (later 3rd century). H. 0.117, D. 0.072, D. foot 0.041 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall missing. Disk foot; biconical ring above foot; high ovoid wall merging with shoulder and neck; tall narrow neck, flaring to triangular rim; unarticulated side handles on shoulder;vertical handle poorly attached from shoulder to under rim; wheel grooveson surface. Profile more exaggerated than 182-184 of Group 9. Probablyat end of 3rd century (or later?). Lot 3228 does not appear to go down to 146 B.C.,although some of its contentsare difficultto date;see 399, 400, 479, 492, 494. 507. Small hydria P1. 50 C-65-579. M:17-18; lot 3222 (first half 3rd century after Christ). P.H. 0.083, D. 0.053, D. foot 0.028 m. Broken at beginning of flare to rim; vertical handle missing. Disk foot;tall profile, high ovoid wall without convexity, merging with sloping shoulder; narrow concave neck;
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pinched-on side handles; lump of clay for lower attachment of verticalhandle. The last of the series,with almostno articulationof the profile. 2nd century 508. Krateriskos P1. 50 C-61-193. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.031, D. rim 0.042, D. foot 0.024 m. Intact; slightly burnt. Low disk foot;concaveto top of wall; concaveflaringrim, not offset from wall; rounded lip; two reflex handles at top of wall. Shape based on calyx-krater.Bands on bottom of base, top of wall, upper rim, below lip; dots on lip; two bands on upper interiorwall. 509. Krateriskos P1. 50 C-62-788. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.025, D. rim 0.048, D. foot 0.026 m. Three joining fragments;rim chipped;one handle missing. Flat resting surface; flaring wall, concave to convex; diagonal flaring rim offset from wall; rounded lip; two vertical handles pressed to rim. Black glaze overall. Shape based on column-krater. 510. Krateriskos C-62-789. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.032, D. rim 0.044, D. foot 0.027 m. Intact. Shape as 509 but high profile; ring foot with disk on undersurface.Black glaze overall,now peeled. 511. Krateriskos P1. 50 C-62-851. P:23-24; lot 1993 (mid-4th century). H. 0.033, D. rim 0.047, D. foot 0.028 m. Intact. Shape as 509, 510, with flat resting surface,taller, more verticalrim. Black glaze overall,now peeled. 512. Krateriskos C-64-47. P:26; lot 2012 (early 5th century).H. 0.022, D. rim 0.043, D. foot 0.018 m. Slightly chipped. Shape as 511; flat projectingrim;vestigial handle-plates. Black glaze overall, peeling. 513. Squat oinochoe P1. 50 C-62-790. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.043, D. 0.034, D. foot 0.028 m. Handle missing. Low disk foot; short globular body;tall cylindricalneck; trefoil mouth. Handle scar preserved at beginning of shoulder.Glaze band on base;two on upper body, one at base of neck; added purple on neck and mouth (directly on clay). 6th century
170 514.
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION Roundedconical oinochoe P1. 50 vertical rim with flat horizontal lip; no handles. No decoration. 6th century 520. Perforatedkalathiskos C-62-348. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H. 0.099, D. rim 0.145 m. Many joining fragments;parts of mid- and upper wall, rim preserved. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:e, left. Narrow verticalwall, expandingto heavy, flaring, triangular rim with peaked lip. Three rows of triangular holes; lower break at beginning of fourth row. Grooves between each row on upper wall; three narrow grooves on wall. Three wide bands of addedred between diluted glaze lines on exterior;red rim; addedred between glaze lines on interior,below first two rows of holes and above third; glaze lines below first row, between second and third row, and at top of wall. Addedred directlyon clay. Glaze fired mostly red;extensiveburning on interior. 521. Perforatedkalathiskos P1. 51 C-65-307. M:17-18; lot 3222 (first half 3rd century after Christ). P.H. 0.05 m. Severaljoining fragments; part of wall and rim with protomepreserved. Part of tall, verticalupper wall, flaring to small diagonal rim with protomepreserved.Triangular holes. Bands of diluted glaze inside and out, wide band of addedred over glaze above row of holes on exterior;glaze on rim. Protome of woman's head with stepped wig, top of wig with incised diamondpattern;roundface, large nose and eyes; features very worn. Traces of glaze on hair and face. Back of head very smooth,without detail. See 603-620 below for other protomesfrom kalathoi. Most of the heads found in the Sanctuaryare from kalathoi, not pyxides;they lack the upper attachmentcharacteristicof the latter shape. Heads decoratedonly flaring kalathoi,not types 1-3, nor the basketvariety. 522. Perforatedkalathiskos C-61-247. P-Q:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter 4th century). H. 0.046, D. rim 0.067, D. resting surface 0.025 m. Intact. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:c, left. Flat resting surface;tall, slightly concavewall expanding to rounded flaring rim. One row of vertical slits. Four bands of glaze outside;added-redrim; four bands inside wall. Glaze fired mostly orange, peeling;extensiveburning on interior. 523. Perforatedkalathiskos C-62-805. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.022-0.025, D. 0.041-0.042, D. resting surface 0.025 m. Intact.
C-64-76. Q:27; lot 2060 (early 5th century).H. 0.039, D. 0.037 m. Resting surfacechipped. Flat resting surface;convex conical body;short cylindrical neck; trefoil mouth; strap handle. Bands on lower wall; design of upper wall indiscernible;black neck and mouth. Glaze has peeled. Later 6th century 515. oinochoe Broad-bottomed P1. 50 C-62-778. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). P.H. 0.051, D. 0.066 m. Handle, trefoil mouth missing. Flat resting surface; false ring foot grooved from wall, very slight articulationof inner face;wide globularbody, merging with shoulder;short neck with drip ring. Added purple (over black) on foot;black band at bottomof wall; zone of dicing with black band aboveand below on shoulder; added purple at base of neck; handle stub black; traces of black at neck break, on exterior and interior. 6th century 516. oinochoe Broad-bottomed C-61-286. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.058, D. 0.062, D. foot 0.058 m. Part of mouth missing. Shape as 515 without drip ring;trefoil mouth;strap handle. Black glazed except resting surface; added-purple band on shoulder,foot, lip. Purple directlyon clay. Later 6th century PI. 50 517. Two-handled pitcher C-61-277. P-Q:24; lot 896 (second half 4th century after Christ). H. 0.034, D. 0.039, D. resting surface ca. 0.017 m. Intact. Resting surface uneven, merging directly into globular wall; straight flaring rim; roundedlip; two vertical strap handles, not rising above rim. No decoration. Classical 518. One-handledpitcheror mug P1. 50 C-61-238. P-Q:24-25; lot 892 (4th century after Christ). H. 0.022, D. 0.031, D. resting surface 0.022 m. Intact. Flat resting surface;low globularwall; diagonallyflaring rim; rounded lip; one handle, rising slightly over wide mouth. No decoration. Very small versionof wide-mouthedoinochoe:Corinth XIII, p. 130. 5th century 519. P1. 50 Squatjar C-62-758. R:23-24; lot 1989 (later 6th century). H. 0.027, D. 0.044, D. rim 0.026 m. Intact.
Flat resting surface; low ovoid body, narrowing to
MINIATURES Uneven dimensions.Similar to 522 but with lower, more open profile; small diagonal rim. One row of vertical slits. Bands of glaze at bottomand top of wall; three glaze lines in zone of holes; interior floor glazed; five lines of glaze on interior wall; rim with five groups of five dots. Glaze fired red, peeling; wheel grooveson surface. None of the four perforated examples can be dated except generally by context: late 7th through 6th centuries. 524. Flaring kalathiskos P1. 51 C-61-242. P-Q:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter 4th century). H. 0.042, D. 0.07, D. resting surface 0.035 m. Slightly chippedrim. Flat resting surface;gently concave flaring wall; flaring triangular rim. Pairs of bands on interior floor, top of interiorand exterior wall, bottomof exteriorwall; single band at midwall on exterior and interior; alternately black and addedpurple. Nine groupsof four to five black triangles on rim. Colors peeling, but vase and decoration beautifully executedand finished. 525. Flaring kalathiskos C-62-256. R:23-24, lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.043, D. 0.053 m. Rim slightly chipped. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pi. 4:c, right. Shape as 520, with heavier rim, taller wall. Twelve neat bands of added red (directly on clay) on wall and rim; outer rim with addedred;four bandson interior;possibly more, but lower wall and floor badly encrusted. 526. Flaring kalathiskos P1. 51 C-62-813. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.046, D. 0.06, D. resting surface 0.03 m. Rim, lip slightly chipped. Shape as 525, except wider body, flaring to roundedlip. Two pairs of grooveson exterior,probablynot intentional. Exterior with six glaze bands; interior with at least three, but lower wall encrusted.Glaze fired orange, now peeling; extensive burning overall. 527. Flaring kalathiskos C-61-304. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.C.). H. 0.03, D. 0.042, D. resting surface0.02 m. Intact. Small version of 526. Added red brown on interior at midwall, on lip, on exteriorwall. Bandinguneven;daubs of color on wall. 528. Flaring kalathiskos C-62-723. R:23-24; lot 1988 (late 6th century). H. 0.025, D. 0.039, D. resting surface0.019 m. Intact. Small version of 524. Three glaze lines on exterior, one on rim; floor glazed;two lines on mid- and upper interior wall. Glaze fired brown, now peeling. Neatly executed.
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P1. 51 529. Kalathiskos,type 1 C-62-706. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.037, D. 0.072, D. resting surface 0.068 m. One chip from rim. Flat resting surface; low, very concave wall, merging with flaring, sharp, flat rim; two lug handles formedby pushing clay up frombelow. Exterior:two brown lines at bottom;one line below handles, one going over handles, one below rim with tracesof addedred below it; rim with addedred. Interior:floor with centralbrown circles,two brown bands, added red on outer floor;two brown lines on midwall, added red above, brown line at top. Added red directlyon clay. Glaze firedbrown, peeling. P1. 51 530. Kalathiskos,type 1 C-62-713. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). H. 0.037, D. 0.059, D. resting surface0.04 m. Intact. Flat restingsurface;tall concavewall; flaringrim, convex on upper surface;two narrow loop handles. Higher profile than 529. Exterior:three bands below, three above handle zone, alternatelyblack and addedpurple;handles with black line; six black dartsbetweenhandles. Interior: floor with two glaze circles;glaze line at midwall; three lines on upper wall and rim, first and third of added purple. Addedpurple partially peeled. P1. 51 531. Kalathiskos,type 1 C-62-831. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.035, D. 0.067, D. resting surface0.054 m. Intact. Flat resting surface; lower wall slightly convex, upper concave,expandingto flaring roundedrim; two good lug handles. Exterior: two black bands below handles, one above;black S-maeanderin handle zone; rim black, continuing onto upper interiorwall. Interior:floor with two black circles;two black bands on wall. 532. Kalathiskos,type 1 C-62-830. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.036, D. 0.055, D. restingsurface0.053 m. Two joining fragments;part of wall, rim restoredin plaster. Flat resting surface;gently concavewall; strongtriangular rim; two good lug handles. Exterior: added-purple in band between black lines; black "worms" handle zone; black line, added-purpleband on upper wall; outer rim black, top of rim and handles with added purple. Interior: central floor with glaze circle, peeled; two black bands on wall. Addedpurple over glaze. For a tiny, almost identicalexample, see 32, Group 2. 533. Kalathiskos,type 2 P1. 51 C-62-774. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.058, D. 0.082, D. resting surface 0.041 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall, rim restoredin plaster.
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION Interior: inner rim with added red (over glaze); black circle in center of floor, two pairs of circles at mid- and outer floor; two bands at midwall, two at upper wall. Glaze fired red brown. 538. Kalathiskos,type 2 C-61-162. P-Q:25; lot 871 (12th century after Christ). H. 0.042, D. 0.067, D. resting surface 0.038 m. Part of wall and rim missing. Flat resting surface; low sharp bevel; lightly concave wall; flaring diagonal rim; no handles. Exterior: two glaze lines on lower and upper wall; four groups of three "worms"at midwall; added red (over glaze) on rim. Interior: glaze circle on floor, band on upper wall. Glaze thin, fired mostly orange. Similar example from SoutheastDeposit, PerachoraI, pl. 30:1. 539. Miniature kalathiskos,type 2 P1. 51 C-62-255. R:23-24; lot 1977 (4th-century coin). H. 0.024, D. 0.041, D. resting surface0.025 m. Intact. Flat resting surface; rounded bevel; low concave wall; roundedtriangularrim;no handles.Exterior:brown line and added-redband on bevel;midwall with black opposing cones between lines; upper wall with added-redband and two black lines; thin line on rim. Interior:addedred on outer floorand upper wall; blackat top of wall. Added red directlyon clay. 540. Miniature kalathiskos,type 2 C-62-743. R:23-24; lot 1988 (late 6th century). H. 0.024, D. 0.037, D. resting surface0.024 m. Intact. Shape as 539 but sharper articulation of rim; two lug handles. Three glaze lines on wall, one on rim, one on interiorfloor,three on interiorwall. Glaze mostlypeeled. 541. Kalathiskos,transitionalto type 3 PI. 51 C-62-832. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.047, D. 0.064, D. foot 0.04 m. Rim and foot chipped. Small disk foot; high, slightly rounded bevel; concave wall; flaring triangular rim, slightly rounded on upper face; two reflex handles, not well formed. Exterior: added-purplebandwith two glaze lines aboveand below; glaze buds attachedto glaze band in handle zone, second glaze band above; added purple on rim. Interior:glaze bands on outer floor, midwall top of wall. Added purple over glaze; glaze fired mostly red. Neat banding and handle zone pattern of type 3, but profile is type 2. 542. Kalathiskos,type 3 Fig. 5, P1. 51 C-61-465. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.044, D. 0.059, D. resting surface0.03 m. Intact. Slightly concaveresting surface;high sharp bevel;gently concavewall; flaring rounded rim with peaked lip; two
Slightly concave resting surface; wide, slightly rounded bevel; straight wall; flaring triangular rim with peaked lip; two lug handles (one missing). Exterior: paired glaze band and line on lower wall, reversedand repeated above handles; added red on rim. Interior: four glaze circles on floor, first and third of diluted glaze; upper wall with black band, diluted-glaze lines above and below. Some glaze fired black to orange; added red over glaze. 534. Kalathiskos,type 2 C-61-300. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.05, D. 0.072, D. resting surface 0.046 m. Rim slightly chipped. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:d, left.
Shape as 533 but more rounded bevel; concave wall; stronglytriangularrim; two lug handles. Glaze bandson lower and upper wall, rim, on interior floor, upper interior wall. Glaze fired brown, peeling. Kalathiskos,type 2 C-61-246. P-Q:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter 4th century). H. 0.049, D. 0.07, D. foot 0.047 m. Rim slightly chipped. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:d, right. Disk foot with convexouter face;sharpbevel;lightly concave wall mergingwith nearly verticalrim;two loop handles. Exterior:foot black;black and added-purplebands below and above handles;addedpurple on rim. Interior: two black circles on floor;black band at mid-wall; added purple at top of wall. Purple over black, but unevenly applied; banding is irregular.Addition of a foot, rare in type 2, is suggestiveof the krateriskos. 535. P1. 51 Kalathiskos,type 2 C-61-245. P-Q:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter 4th century). H. 0.047-0.049, D. 0.067-0.068, D. resting surface 0.043 m. Part of wall, rim missing. Flat resting surface; sharp bevel; wall and rim as 535, with rim less articulated; two big, well-formed reflex handles. Exterior: two black bands on lower wall, two above handles;handles outlined in black;rim with added purple over black. Interior:two blackcircleson floor;two black bands at midwall and at top of wall. Glaze often thin, unevenly applied. 536. 537. P1. 51 Kalathiskos,type 2 C-62-827. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.043-0.044, D. 0.06, D. foot 0.042 m. Rim and foot slightly chipped. Low ring foot; sharp bevel; concave wall merging with almost vertical rim; rounded lip; two good lug handles. Exterior: glaze on foot and bevel; two lines over bevel, two below handles, two at top of wall; outer rim glazed.
MINIATURES small lug handles. Exterior:added-redand black bands with glaze line between; picket-fencepattern in handle zone between glaze lines; upper wall and rim black. Interior: black circle on floor, glaze band on upper wall. Neat banding. Glaze mostly peeling. Very early type 3. 543. Kalathiskos,type 3 Fig. 5, P1. 51 C-61-156. P-Q:25; lot 871 (12th century after Christ). H. 0.049, D. 0.057, D. resting surface 0.038 m. Slightly chipped. Shape as 542 but more concavewall; straighterrim; two pinched-on handles. Exterior: black and added-red bands with glaze line between; three-stroke stopped black maeanderbetween lines in handle zone; two black bands on upper wall, upper one merging partially with blackon rim;dicingon rim. Interior:blackcircleon outer floor;two black lines at midwall, one on upper wall. Lot 871 contained 12 type 3 kalathiskoi,all found together, representedby this and 550, an undecoratedexample. All 12 are very similar in profile,belongingto the secondand third quartersof the 5th century.543 seemsto be the earliest. P1. 51 Kalathiskos,type 3 C-61-298. Q:25; no lot. H. 0.045, D. 0.057, D. resting surface0.035 m. Part of wall, rim missing. Shape as above, with rim and wall less set off from each other. Exterior: bands of added red, glaze, red; twostroke black maeander in handle zone, with black line below, added red above;top of wall with black, continuing over rim. Interior: black line at top of wall. Encrusted.Loss of sharp profile, contrastingwith 542, 543. 544 and 549 were found in the east face of wall 1. 544. Kalathiskos,type 3 Fig. 5, Pl. 51 C-61-281. P-Q:24; lot 897 (mid-4th century). H. 0.046, D. 0.052, D. resting surface0.04 m. Rim slightly chipped. Flat resting surface; high bevel with diameter equal to rim;concavewall with minimumdiameter underrim: just contractedprofile; heavy, horizontally flaring rim with verticalouter face, peakedlip. Exterior:black, added-red bands; black line between them; Z-maeander between lines; upper wall black, continuing over rim. Glaze line near top of interiorwall. Glaze thin and peeling. Lot 897 continues into 4th century. Exaggeratedprofile of 545 probably later than 544; see 100, Group 6 (Fig. 5). Probablyearlier 4th century 545. 546. Kalathiskos,type 3 C-61-401. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.047, rest. D. 0.065, D. resting surface 0.04 m. Most of rim restored.
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Shape as 545, except for wall merging with very flaring roundedrim;two pinched-onhandles. Exterior:bandsof black, addedred, black;outer rim black. Top of interior wall black. The bands merge and drip over each other; poor surfacefinish. See 547. PI. 51 547. Kalathiskos,type 3 C-61-403. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.046, D. 0.059, D. resting surface0.032 m. Half of wall, rim restoredin plaster. Flat resting surface;roundedbevel; nearly vertical wall, merging with flaring roundedrim; two pinched-onhandles. Clay firedgray;the addedred is nearly gray purple. Exterior: black from resting surface past bevel; addedpurple below handles; black in handle zone and over handles;upper wall and rim black. Black band on upper interiorwall. Profile close to type 4. 546 and 547 are the last of the type 3 kalathiskoi,later 4th century.Lot 878 extendsto ca. 325 B.c. P1. 51 C-61-219. Q:25; lot 881 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.021, D. 0.03, D. resting surface0.018 m. Intact. Tiny version of 544, including two handles. On wall: bands of black, added red; black zigzag in handle zone; upper wall with two black lines, continuing over rim; black band on upper interiorwall. 549. Small kalathiskos,type 3 C-61-299. Q:25; no lot. H. 0.035, est. D. 0.048, D. resting surface0.027 m. Half preserved. Shape as 548, with less articulationof parts;no handles; no decoration.Found with 544 in the east face of wall 1. P1. 51 C-61-165. P-Q:25; lot 871 (12th century after Christ). H. 0.031, D. 0.04, D. restingsurface0.027 m. Intact;partly burnt. Sharply articulated;small, undecoratedtype 3; no handles. Found with 543 and other kalathiskoiof secondand third quartersof the 5th century. For type 4 kalathiskoi, see Groups 6, 7, and 8. It was unnecessary to include additional examples in this catalogue. 551. Basketkalathiskos C-61-180. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century).H. 0.026, D. 0.047, D. resting surface0.036 m. Intact. Published: Stroud, Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:a, center. Flat bottom;concavewall; horizontalflaring rim; basket handle, convex on upper surface, attached to juncture of upper wall and rim. Exterior: two pairs of brown lines on lower and midwall; brown lines with vertical 550. Small kalathiskos,type 3 548. Small kalathiskos,type 3
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CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION bands with black line between; zone of Z-maeanderbetween lines; zone of black and added-redcones between zigzag line; dicing above; upper wall with added red; black Z-maeanderat top of wall; flaringundersideof rim with black dots;black band; black dots on lip; inner rim addedred with added-whitedots. 558. Handmadekalathiskos PI. 51
strokesconnectingthem on rim;lines on handles. Interior reserved. 552. Basket kalathiskos C-62-306. O-R:23-24; lot 1955 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). H. 0.021, D. 0.046, D. resting surface 0.033 m. Intact. Similar to 551 except with less concavewall. Four glaze lines on exterior wall (peeled), two on rim; circle on top of handle, lines below. 553. Basket kalathiskos P1. 51 C-61-305. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.02, D. 0.043, D. resting surface0.038 m. Intact. Flat resting surface;wall contractingto minimum diameter just below flaring diagonal rim; flat basket handle. Added-redbands on lower and upper wall, on rim; lines at end of handle. Added red mostly peeled. Traces of burning. 554. Basket kalathiskos P1. 51 C-61-229. O-P:25; lot 889 (first quarter4th century). H. 0.022, D. 0.039, D. resting surface0.027 m. Part of rim, handle missing. Flat resting surface;slightly roundedlower wall (incipient bevel); barely concave wall; horizontal flaring rim. Higher profile than 551-553. Four bands on wall, black except second in added red; dicing between added-red and black lines on rim. 555. Basket kalathiskos C-62-699. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). H. 0.028, D. 0.042, D. resting surface0.024 m. Intact. Similar to 554, with minimum diameter below rim; flat basket handle. Exterior: three added-red bands with three added-redlines between; added red on rim; traces of lines on handles. Color peeling;bandingstops at bevel. 556. Basket kalathiskos P1. 51 C-62-350. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.02, D. 0.044, D. restingsurface0.025 m. Part of rim, most of handle restoredin plaster. Flat resting surface; convex wall; flaring diagonal rim; flat basket handle. Originally black glaze overall, now peeling. 557. Basket kalathiskos C-61-166. P-Q:25; lot 871 (12th century after Christ). H. 0.04, D. 0.061, D. resting surface0.048 m. Half of rim, handle missing. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:f, right. Flat resting surface; rounded lower wall, becoming straight and contracting to minimum diameter below flaring diagonal rim. Exterior: black and added-red
C-62-700. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). H. 0.0470.05, D. 0.085-0.087, D. resting surface 0.047 m. Intact. Handmade,of rough clay with inclusions. Flat resting surface;low flaring wall; flat rim with five pellets on it; no handles. Burnt inside and out. 559. Handmadekalathiskos C-62-262. R:24;lot 2000 (late 6th century).H. 0.0480.05, D. 0.079, D. resting surfaceca. 0.035 m. Intact. Fabric and shape as 558, with two lug handles on upper wall, pellets on rim. Resting surfaceburnt. 560. Handmadekalathiskos C-62-685. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.0340.037, D. 0.063, D. resting surfaceca. 0.03 m. Intact. Fabric as 558, 559. Wall lower than the above;thickened roundedrim with seven pellets; two pinched-onhandles on upper wall. Slightly burnt inside. 561. Kotyle P1. 52 C-62-864. R:24; lot 2000 (late 6th century).H. 0.029, D. 0.05, D. foot 0.021 m. Intact. Narrow false foot with flat resting surface; low convex wall, turning in slightly to lip; two horizontal handles. Four uneven black bands on foot and wall; resting surface black;vertical lines in handle zone; interior glazed. Glaze is peeling. Similar example: T 3201 (Corinth XIII, grave 160-5, pl. 24). First or secondquarter 6th century 562. Kotyle C-61-183. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century). H. 0.026, D. 0.049, D. foot 0.018 m. One handle restored in plaster. Published: Stroud, Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:a, extreme left. Shape and date as 561; similar decorationbut with one less band on wall. 563. Kotyle P1. 52 C-61-407. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century). H. 0.026, D. 0.047, D. foot 0.032 m. Both handles, part of wall restoredin plaster. Convex undersurface; ring foot;low convexwall; tapered Foot glazed; undersurfacewith central circle, band lip.
MINIATURES on outer area; silhouetteanimals between glaze bands on wall; "worms"on handle zone; interior glazed with two reservedbands at top of wall. Low, wide profile. Mid-6th century? P1. 52 Kotyle C-62-817. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.033, D. 0.041, D. foot 0.022 m. One handle, part of wall restoredin plaster. Central disk on undersurface; narrow ring foot;tall convex wall turning in slightly to taperedlip; two horizontal loop handles. Undersurfacewith centralcircle;inner and outer faces of foot black;wall with glaze line, black band, dicing, black band, "worms"in handle zone; interior glazed. High profile. See C-73-186 (Williams, MacIntosh, and Fisher [Hesperia43, 1974], p. 17, no. 16, pl. 4). Mid-6th century Kotyle C-61-260. P-Q:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter 4th century). H. 0.03, D. 0.044, D. foot 0.027 m. Intact. Ring foot; gently convex wall; two horizontal loop handles. Circle on undersurface;foot glazed on inner and outer faces;wall with glaze band, two glaze lines, addedred band, opposing triangles of glaze in handle zone; interior glazed. Glaze fired red. See T 2951, a larger example (CorinthXIII, grave 200-1, pl. 31). Mid- or later 6th century PI. 52 Kotyle C-61-259. P-Q:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter 4th century). H. 0.046, D. 0.061, D. foot 0.037 m. Many joining fragments;part of wall missing. Shape as 565, with taller wall, slight inturn of wall to lip. Added red on foot; edge of foot black;undersurfacewith three glaze circles; brown line at bottom of wall; added red between glaze lines above;added-redand black bud in chain, with red line above;"worms" handle zone;outer handles black;addedred on lip; interiorglazed;reserved band at top of inner wall. Glaze fired brown. Late 6th or early 5th century 566. 567. P1. 52 Kotyle C-62-795. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.037, D. 0.056, D. foot 0.036 m. Handles brokenoff. 565. 564.
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PI. 52 568. Kotyle C-62-265. P:23-24; lot 1993 (mid-4th century). H. 0.033, D. 0.053, D. foot 0.032 m. Slightly chipped. Shape as 567 with two horizontalhandlesset slightly below lip. Black circle on disk;inner and outer foot glazed; six bands on wall; interior glazed with reservedband at top of wall. Glaze thin. 5th century 569. Three-handledcup C-62-259. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.042, D. 0.07, D. foot 0.033 m. Foot chipped. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 5:c, d. Flaring foot, semiconicalbelow; low convex flaringwall; concaverim; flaring roundedlip; three strap handles rising above lip. Added red on foot; two black bands at shoulder; horizontal black stripes on handles. Interior: centraladded-redcircle,black band with added-redlines on either side, two diluted glaze lines on outer floor;upper rim with red and blacklines; blackdots on lip. Added red directlyon clay. 6th century 570. Two-handled cup PI. 52 C-64-191. N:24; lot 2188 (first half 5th century). H. 0.046, D. 0.065, D. foot 0.035 m. Intact. Flaring disk foot; convex flaring wall; lightly concave rim; roundedlip; two straphandlesfromrim offset to lip. Diameter of rim and shoulderequal. Taller profile than 569. Foot glazed; glaze line at shoulder;glaze zigzag in handle zone; lip glazed; glaze band on floor, line on upper wall, and on top of handles. Glaze fired red. 6th century? 571. Stemmedkylix P1. 52 C-64-77. Q:25-26; lot 2044 (second half 5th century and Roman). H. 0.023, D. 0.038, D. foot 0.022 m. Handles brokenoff; foot chipped. Flat resting surface;flaring stemmedfoot; low diagonal flaring wall; slightly concave rim; flaring rounded lip. Glaze on foot and shoulder;dotson lip; addedred (directly on clay) on inner rim with glaze line below;outer bowl with four black petals, red stems, glaze line below; added red at bottomof bowl. Comparethe lotus cups of the Sam Wide group (footnote18 above,p. 134). 5th century P1. 52 572. Stemlesskylix C-65-493. Q:26; lot 2230 (late 5th century).H. 0.031, est. D. 0.062, D. foot 0.038 m. Fourjoining fragments; half preservedwith one handle. Ring foot;low convexwall, turningin slightly to rounded lip; handle set below lip and canted upward. Glazed
Barely articulatedring foot; slight disk on undersurface; low convex wall; tapered lip. Central black circle on undersurface;inner and outer foot black; added-red and black bands on wall, separated by diluted glaze lines; black zigzag in handle zone; added red on lip; interior glazed, reservedband at top of inner wall. Uneven banding. See T 2902 (CorinthXIII, grave 253-1, pl. 35). Late 6th centuryor later
176
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION Published: Stroud, Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:a, extreme right. Low stem foot with flat resting surface, outer edge rounded;convex flaring wall; slightly projectingrim, flat on top. Addedred on foot and over whole rim directlyon clay. ProbablyClassical 579. Bowl with beveledrim P1. 52 C-61-191. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.02, D. 0.056, D. foot 0.033 m. Intact. Ring foot;low diagonalwall, turninginto roundedbevel. Four deep wheel grooveson exterior wall, probablydeliberate. No glaze. 580. Bowl with beveledrim C-61-412. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century). H. 0.018, D. 0.058-0.062, D. foot 0.043 m. Chipped;warped. Shape as 579 but very uneven;profile slightly wider and lower. One deep grooveon wall. No glaze. 581. Plate P1. 52 C-62-296. O-P:23; lot 1954 (late 4th century). H. 0.009, D. 0.072, D. resting surface 0.048 m. Part of rim missing. Flat resting surface;horizontalprojectingrim, convexon upper surface;two suspensionholes in rim. Exterior reserved. Floor: two central black circles, added-redlines borderingblack zigzag pattern,black band at rise to rim. On rim, zigzag pattern between added-red lines; lip black. Addedred directlyon clay. P1. 52 582. Plate C-64-48. P:26; lot 2012 (early 5th century). H. 0.01, D. 0.058, D. foot 0.043 m. Slightly chipped. Wide, flaring disk foot; flaring rim with compound curve; rising rounded lip, with upper face thickened at inner edge. Stain of black on outer foot; rest of exterior reserved.Floor:blackbands,two outerblacklines; added red over rounded rise of rim; three black lines, black blobs on rim. Later 6th century 583. Plate C-62-294. R:25; lot 1953 (Byzantine). H. 0.009, D. 0.055, D. foot 0.047 m. Intact. Flat base; rim with slight projection,convex upper surface. Exterior reserved. Floor: central added-redcircle, black on outer floor;tracesof color on rim, peeled. 584. Kanoun C-62-351. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.017, rest. D. 0.075, D. restingsurface0.06 m. Half restored in plaster;originally three handles, not two (thickening at right break for handle).
exterior wall black inside; three circles on undersurface; to handle zone; reservedband in handle zone, with black five-strokestoppedmaeander;handle and lip black. 5th century 573. Flat-rimmedbowl P1. 52 C-62-821. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.023, D. 0.055, D. foot 0.035 m. Slightly chipped. Flaring ring foot;straightflaringwall, turningverticalto flattened outward-projectingrim. Black glaze overall, addedred on foot. Glaze is peeling. except undersurface; Low open profile. See larger example, 443. 574. Flat-rimmedbowl C-62-849. P:23-24; lot 1993 (mid-4th century). H. 0.022, D. 0.049, D. foot 0.032 m. Slightly chipped. Profile as 573 but heavierfoot;rim not projecting,groove on top of flat rim. Glazed overall, except undersurface. Glaze fired red to black, peeling. 6th century 575. Bowl with incurvingrim P1. 52 C-62-799. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.03, D. 0.063, D. foot 0.032 m. Intact.
Convex undersurface;ring foot; straight diagonal wall with slightly incurving rim. Band on rim, two lines on interior of wall; exterior reserved. Predecessorof small semiglazed bowls (and therefore not a miniature)? A saltcellar?See 54, Group 4 and 62, Group 5. Later 6th century 576. Lekanis or bowl P1. 52 C-64-45. P:26; lot 2011 (late 5th century). H. 0.0160.02, D. 0.045 m. Slightly chipped. Handmade. Wide, flat resting surface;low, slightly convex wall; two reflex handles in wishbone form;unevenprofile. Stain on lip; handles glazed. P1. 52 577. Standedbowl or basin C-61-405. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). H. 0.035-0.038, D. 0.071, rest. D. foot 0.048 m. Many joining fragments;foot, part of wall restoredin plaster. Stem foot, with narrow resting surface; short concave stem; low, convex flaring wall; projectingrim, rounded lip; three grooves on under face of rim and flat upper edge of rim. Glaze on edge of foot, outer face;addedpurple (overglaze) on rim; centerof bowl with bandsof added purple, black, purple; glaze line on outer floor. For a black-figuredexample, see PerachoraII, no. 1941, pl. 71, in a more practicalsize. 578. High-footed bowl C-61-189. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century). H. 0.03, D. 0.053, D. foot 0.034 m. Slightly chipped.
MINIATURES Flat resting surface;low, slightly diagonal wall; slightly flaringroundedrim;reflex handle attachedto rim. Spiral grooveson resting surface and floor. Added purple (over black) on resting surface and floor; added-purplebands on exterior and interiorwall. 6th century 585. Kanoun PI. 52 C-62-295. R:25; lot 1953 (Byzantine). H. 0.011, D. 0.061, D. resting surface0.058 m. Slightly chipped. Shape as 584, with straighter wall, plain lip; two suspension holes. Spiral groove on floor only. Handles of lumps of clay, with slash in center. Resting surface reserved;glaze bands on exterior wall; added purple (over black) on floor;glaze dots on inner wall. 586. Kanoun C-61-430. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century).H. 0.012, D. 0.064, D. resting surface0.053 m. One handle,part of wall restoredin plaster. Shape as 584 but smaller,no grooves.Resting surfacereserved;added purple (directlyon clay) on exterior wall, floor;inner wall with glaze bands, five groups of stripes. 587. Kanoun P1. 52 C-62-293. R:25; lot 1953 (Byzantine). H. 0.016, D. 0.052, D. resting surface0.041 m. Intact. Shape as 584 but higher wall. Poorly finished; string marksin centerof resting surface.Black at top of exterior wall; wide added-red (directly on clay) band on floor, black on interiorwall, on handles. 588. Dish P1. 52 C-62-254. R:25; lot 1953 (Byzantine). H. 0.01, D. 0.058, D. resting surface0.052 m. Slightly chipped. Flat resting surface;vertical low wall; slightly outward thickenedrim; no handles. Resting surfacereserved;outer wall glazed; central glaze circle on floor, with addedred band, glaze band on outer floor, on top of interior wall. Glaze fired red brown;addedred directlyon clay. 589. Dish or stand P1. 52 C-62-352. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.017, D. 0.044 m. Small area of wall restoredin plaster. Extensivelyburnt;clay very hard and gray from burning. Flat restingsurface;low straightwall contractingslightly to flat narrow rim. Stampedegg and dart on exterior;no glaze. 6th century 590. Globular pyxis, flat rim P1. 52 500 B.c.). H. 0.022, D. C-61-287. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 0.035, D. foot 0.029 m. Intact.
177
Ring foot; low globular wall; raised rim, flat on top. Interior reserved.Undersurface: two glaze circles;black on inner face of foot;addedred on outer foot (red directlyon clay). Wall: two black lines; black and added-redbands; dicing at centerof wall; added-redband;top of rim with black line; lip black. Probablylate 6th century 591. Globular pyxis, flat rim C-62-264. P:23-24; lot 1993 (mid-4th century). H. 0.019, D. 0.032, D. foot 0.026 m. Intact. Published: Stroud, Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 4:b, extreme right. three blackcircles;blackon Shape as 590. Undersurface: inner, added purple on outer foot (purple over black). Wall: black, added-purple bands with three dilutedglaze lines between each dicing on shoulder;added-purple, blackbands;two diluted-glazelines on top of rim;lip black. Interiorreserved.Very careful,delicatework. 592. Pyxis lid P1. 52 C-62-820. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.027, D. 0.057 m. Slightly chipped. Flat knob, tapered below; slightly sloping lid; recessed low flange narrowing to lip. Interior reserved. On lid from outer edge: two added-redlines (directlyon clay); black band; two black lines; added-redband; black line; black to knob; two added-red,one black line on top of knob. 6th century 593. Kothon P1. 52 C-62-325. O-Q:23-24; lot 1965 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). H. 0.016, D. 0.043, D. foot 0.02 m. Intact. Flat resting surface;wide, low convex wall rounding to rim descendinginto interior;one horizontal reflex handle. Exteriorreserved.One black circle on interiorfloor; blacklines on inner rim; addedred on top of rim (directly on clay); handle black. 594. Proto-unguentarium(?) P1. 52 C-69-103. M-N:19; no lot. H. 0.061, D. 0.047, D. foot 0.024, D. mouth 0.02 m. Several joining fragments;part of wall missing. False ring foot; flat resting surface; high ovoid wall, mergingwith sloping shoulder;concaveneckwithout offset from shoulder;flaring rim with flat upper face; two unarticulated handles smeared onto shoulder. Glaze bands on foot, below handles, on shoulder, lower neck; inner mouth glazed.
178
PLASTIC WARES (595-602)

All fragments of plastic vases found in the Sanctuaryare included;there are eight in the catalogue, with citation of two more very similar to one of the published examples. The Corinthian animal vases are the usual types, as is the komastvase. There are three fragmentsof Attic headvases and one other import.A redfiguredfragment,370, may belong to one of the head vases.
P1. 53 595. Siren C-62-261. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). H. 0.087, L. 0.072 m. Tail, one foot slightly damaged;surface worn, encrusted. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 7:a. Typical siren vase; suspensionholes at end of hair; worn glaze. See CVA, Cambridge 1 [Great Britain 6], pl. 6 [243]:3, late 7th century. For dating, see Perachora I, pp. 238-239. P1. 53 1991 (late 6th century). H. C-62-260. R:23-24; lot 0.043, L. 0.068 m. Tail missing;hole in top of head. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 7:b. Typical example of a well-known type; decoratedwith zigzag line on belly, verticalrows of dots. See CVA, Cambridge 1 [Great Britain 6], pl. 6 [243]:1,almost identical; first half 6th century. See also R. Higgins, British Museum Terracottas II, London 1959, no. 1675, p. 42, pi. 29. For dating see PerachoraI, pp. 236-237. Similar fragment:C-62-854, P:23-24, lot 1993. Also, the bottom of either a hare or ram, C-64-66, R:26, lot 2013. 596. Hare P1. 53 597. Ram C-68-305. L:18-19; lot 5639 (late 4th-early 3rd century). P.H. 0.054, p.L. 0.064 m. Three joining fragments, preserving most of right side, bottom, head. Chest, most of left side missing. Moldmade except head. Traces of suspension holes through horns. On body, groups of three rows of verticaldots;zigzag line on belly; glaze on tail, legs, around head and neck; glaze fired orange. See CVA, Cambridge 1 [Great Britain 6], pl. 6 [243]:2, differentbody markings. First half 6th century 598. Seated figure P1. 53 C-65-543. P:20-21; lot 4367 (late 4th-early 3rd century). P.H. 0.132 m. Two joining fragments;right side damaged; surface eroded. Micaceous clay; core 2.5Y 6/0 (gray); surface 7.5YR 7/6 (reddish yellow). Moldmade. Figure seated in high-backedchair; flat back and sides. Left arm resting on knee, right arm at side or breast (damaged);projectionof chest at breakfor breasts?High headdresswith veil over it; erodedtracesof folds on right side of neck. Facial featuresblurredexcept for very sharp nose. Flat rim at top of head;small area of restingsurface preserved.Roughly finishedinterior. For the type, see Higgins (under 596) nos. 63-70, pls. 13, 14. 599. Komastvase P1. 53 C-65-30. O-P:19-20; lot 2240 (second half 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.065, p.W. 0.064 m. One fragment,broken at neck, below belly in front, upper back in rear. Rough finish, probablynot moldmade. Hollow; hole through neck. Breaks on front suggest properleft arm came acrossbodyto centerof chest;proper right arm originally hanging down. At lower break, roundnavel with small hole, not piercingwhole wall. Big belly, rounded back. No traces of glaze on back; front glazed, fired red to black. See PerachoraI, no. 199, pl. 104, similar but with a straightback. 600. Attic head vase P1. 53 C-64-91. 0:26; lot 2026 (mid-5th century). P.H. 0.057 m. Part of hair, jaw on left side, neck, bottom preserved. Hollow; unglazed inside. Flat base reserved.Black hair, black band at base of neck. 601. Attic head vase P1. 53 C-62-945. P:23-24; lot 1993 (mid-4th century). P.H. 0.051 m. Part of face preserved,includingproperright eye, cheeks,mouth, chin, part of neck. Traces of glaze on eye; incised pupil. Suggestionof smile indicateslate Archaicdate. PI. 53 602. Attic head vase C-65-548. 0:22-23; lot 2249 (end of 4th century). P.H. 0.028 m. Lower part of spout, beginning of hair preserved. At top, inner break with beginning of black glaze covering interior of upper spout. At lower break, wreath in addedwhite, three rows of applied clay dots;top of hair.
HEADS ATTACHED TO VASES
179
HEADS ATTACHED TO VASES (603-628)

The majorityof the examples of attachedheads or protomesin the catalogue(259, 521, 603-628) comefrom large kalathoi of the flaring form, often with perforations.That moldmadeheads were so used is clear from 521, a kalathiskos;these attachmentson kalathoi have hitherto not been noticed. There may have been severalheads on a rim; 608 and 611 both have extant "sisters", fromthe same vase. Severalof demonstrably the heads are very large, especially603 and 618. In the context-pottery there are very heavy rims, strong lots enough to support such decoration. There are a number of ways to recognizethese kalathosheads;the simplest is by the preservationof the flaring rim of the vase, below the head, and the separatewall visible at the backof the figure. Plate 53 shows
the backs of the kalathos head 612 and the pyxis head 621; the finished interior shoulder of the latter vase contrasts with the protruding wall of the former. Often the head snaps off, leaving just the top of the rim, but the bands decorating the rim may be discerned. On others, the lower break is at the juncture of flaring rim and wall, leaving a slight gap or split at the lower break; this split is not so wide as the opening in the bottom of a head once filled with wads of clay and attached to a separately made body. Unlike the pyxis head, the
kalathoshead necessarilyshows no scar for an upper attachment.The backis often coveredwith paint;pyxis heads are without paint.
Only the heads clearly identifiable as once on kalathoi or pyxides are published, for if the head from a kalathos breaks off well above the rim, it is impossible to distinguish whether it is from a figurine or a kalathos. This difficulty is compounded by the use of the same type for heads on figurines, pyxides, or kalathoi, as seen in 615 and 620. The range of types is interesting. Since the kalathos heads are freestanding, they are sometimes decorated as figurines are, with attached pellets (604) or necklaces (609, 616). Some even have arms, rendered either as cursory projections (607, 609) or as more fully extended limbs (616, broken). The pyxis head 624 shows arms rendered by incision and outline; it may belong to the curious pyxis 261. The set of three pyxis heads, 625, from a very large vase, shows cursorily modeled breasts, as does the enigma, 626, which also has vesti-
gial arms. No examples can be dated before 600 B.C.; the earliest, 603, probablybelongs to the early MC period, with similaritiesto a MC pyxis in Oxford.The lack of EC heads is not surprising,since there is generallya
lack of EC pottery in the Sanctuary. Most of the Demeter Sanctuary heads are later MC and LC, going down into the later 6th century. Some of the examples are easily dated, for they compare with types still preserved on MC or LC pyxides or with figurines found in datable contexts. The others have been placed within the series, using the criteria provided by D. A. Amyx.29 A few are difficult to date, because of their
poor condition(especially609 and 616), but are includedfor their interestingdetails. No examplewas found in a limited context.30
The catalogue entries are arranged first by type, from kalathos or pyxis, then within each group by chronological order, with two exceptions. 521 is presented under miniature perforated kalathiskoi; it illustrates clearly the use of attached heads on kalathoi. For the one remaining pyxis with attached head, see 259. The description of the preserved remains of the vessel is omitted to save space; decorative details of the vase are noted, for often the decoration of the lower area of the head continues onto the vase. The preserved height of the whole fragment is given, followed by the height of the face, taken from under the chin to the beginning of the hair. The last two items are included here for lack of any other more appropriate or correct section.
29 D. A. Amyx, "CorinthianVases in the Hearst Collection,"Universityof CaliforniaPublicationsin ClassicalArchaeologyI, no. 9, 1943, pp. 207-240, esp. pp. 213-215. See also NC, chap. 16, pp. 232-247; R. H. Jenkins in PerachoraI, pp. 197-224; CorinthXV, ii, classes VIII and IX, pp. 55-83; K. Wallenstein, KorinthischePlastik. 30 The shapes do not assist dating, for no pyxis head may be attachedto its original vase with the possible exceptionof 624. The flaring kalathoswas apparentlyin use throughoutmuch of the 7th and 6th centuries,disappearingby the time of Group 4. See p. 22 above.
180 603. Kalathoshead
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION P1. 53 Face slightly more tapering than 605; arched eyes; thin triangular nose; slightly smiling mouth with projecting upper lip; prominentchin;ears set diagonally.Two rows of waves receding from brow; stepped wig. Traces of addedred on neck, back of head. Middle Corinthianor early Late Corinthian P1. 54 607. Kalathoshead C-65-170. 0:18; lot 4350 (late Roman). P.H. 0.036, H. face 0.014 m. Shallow oval head; archedeyes; narrow prominentnose; slightly smiling mouth; wide chin; no ears. "Wing"at proper right for arm. Horizontal forehead waves, high above eyes; shallow wig; polos almost gone. Black dress, hair, polos, black over whole back;tracesof addedred on eyes, two added-redlines for necklace. The heavy shape resembles605. Middle Corinthian 608. Kalathoshead P1. 54 C-65-32 a. N-0:19-20; lot 2247 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.052, H. face 0.019 m.
C-65-168. O-P:22-23; lot 4352 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.07, H. face 0.033 m. Proper right cheek and nose damaged. Long heavy face; arched eyes; thick, spreading nose; small mouth with protrudingupper lip; heavy chin; ears worn away. Incised waves on brow;three long locks separating behind ears, with horizontal incisions;no polos. Neck not visible in profile. Small vent holes on either side of head, piercing whole head; two transversevent holes between locks on both shoulders;one hole in crown of head. Added-red band at juncture of rim and wall, on inner wall at break. Added red between locks, at bottom for dress; traces of black brown on hair; no paint preservedon face. See NC, no. 884, pi. 47 for head of similar shape (Wallenstein, Korinthische Plastik, IV/A 8, pl. 8:2 and 5). Middle Corinthian 604. Kalathoshead PI. 53 C-62-826. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). P.H. 0.061, H. face 0.018 m. Encrusted;worn. Heavy face; arched eyes, definedonly by paint; nose and mouth worn; deep jaw; no defined chin. Low forehead curls renderedin paint;three strandsof hair either side of face. On both shoulders, two clay disks, with separate pellets on disks.At properright, brokenprojection,probably for arm (see 616). Black hair, eyes, foreheadcurls; addedred on polos, dress. Added-redand black bands on underside of rim, beginning of exterior wall; dicing at lower break. Facial type resembles 603. See also Perachora I, p. 244, for discussionof ornaments. Middle Corinthian 605. Kalathoshead P1. 53 C-62-257. R:24; lot 1969 (early 5th century). P.H. 0.062, H. face 0.023 m. Nose, proper left cheek damaged; encrusted. Heavy deep face; arched eyes; straight mouth with protruding upper lip; bridge of nose begins below hair; ears set vertically. Horizontal waves on brow; stepped wig. No paint on face or hair; stain on back. Marks on proper left side suggest damage when head was taken from mold. Facial type resembles603. Middle Corinthian PI. 54 606. Kalathoshead C-65-569. O-P:19-20; lot 2240 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.046, H. face 0.019 m. Polos brokenaway; worn.
Shallow, slightly tapering face; arched eyes; small nose; slightly smiling mouth with protrudingupper lip; horizontally set ears. Closely set waves on forehead; two braids on either side of face; low polos. Mold damaged; chin projectstoo sharply;face recuton properleft. Traces of red on back, red for dress and polos; peeled bands on outer wall. C-65-32 b (not illustrated), M:17-18, lot 3222, from the same mold. Middle Corinthian 609. Kalathoshead PI. 54 C-65-469. N:13-15; lot 4405 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.078, H. face 0.018 m. Nose and mouth damaged;badly stained. Deep tapering face; eyes narrowerthan 608; prominent large nose; small mouth. Receding forehead waves; stepped wig. Body with two arms; applied necklace on chest, mostly gone;trace of polos on back of head. Traces of blackpaint on hair;addedpurple on arms, chest,mostly peeled. Pyxis head, N-0:25-26, lot 75-249:1, from same mold. Middle Corinthian 610. Kalathoshead P1. 54 C-65-36. P:27;lot 2245 (late 6th century).P.H. 0.075, H. face 0.02 m. Nose damaged. Tapering face; narrow eyes with distinct lids; long nose; horizontal mouth with slightly protrudingupper lip; no defined jaw; no ears. Diagonal waves on forehead; steppedwig; high polos, with veil over it. Projectingarms
HEADS ATTACHED TO VASES brokenaway. Addedred for peplos, polos, latter with dicing front and back. Added-redline on lower back. See KT 3-4 (CorinthXV, ii, class VIII, 21, pl. 8) for the same type, more worn. The polos of 610 is higher. Middle Corinthian 611. Kalathoshead PI. 54 C-62-784. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). P.H. 0.056, H. face 0.019 m. Encrusted,worn. Facial type as 610, slightly wider eyes. Receding waves on forehead; stepped wig; low polos. Orange-brown bands on wall; added red on rim. Traces of orange on face; addedred on polos;traces of paint on back. C-61-280, P-Q:24, lot 896, is from the same kalathos. Middle Corinthian 612. Kalathoshead Pls. 53, 54
181
polos (now broken away); black on back and on interior where rim and wall split. Late CorinthianI P1. 55 C-65-33. N-O:19-20; lot 2247 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.048, H. face 0.018 m. Narrow tapering face; diagonally set eyes; triangular nose; narrow, straightmouth;hair as 614, low polos. On outer rim inside wall below head a black checkerboard; for dress,purple on polos; with addedpurple (overblack) black for eyes, brows, hair. A popular type: C-61-186, P:24, lot 877 and C-65-31, from the same context as 615, come from the same mold and are kalathosheads but with differentpaint schemes. See also MF 2524 (CorinthXII, no. 80, pl. 5), MF 8343, from well 1937-3 (unpublished), and MF-72-20 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 42, 1973, p. 8, pl. 3). See also Plastik, V/B12 a-c, which inWallenstein,Korinthische cludes MF 2524 and two heads found at Perachora. Late CorinthianI 615. Kalathoshead 616. Kalathoshead
C-62-880.
C-64-200. P:19-20; lot 2151 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.075, H. face 0.025 m. Deep but narrow face; flat narrow eyes; pronounced nose; small horizontal mouth; big, vertically set ears. Waves high on brow; steppedwig; low polos. Moldmade necklaceof two strands,attachedto disks. Added-redrim, becoming red of dress; added red on polos; brown hair; brown black on back;no traces of paint on face. From the same mold: MF 12152, O-P:22-23, lot 4355; KT 9-11 (CorinthXV, ii, class IX, 7, pl. 13). MF 3893 is also very similar (CorinthXII, no. 77, pl. 5). Late CorinthianI 613. Kalathoshead P1. 54 C-64-201. P:19-20; lot 2151 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.063, H. face 0.025 m. Chin damaged. Published:Daux, BCH 89, 1965, p. 693, fig. 9, left (Wallenstein, KorinthischePlastik, VI/A 4b). Face similar to 612, slightly broader,wider mouth. Hair as 612, with wig behind very high verticallyset ears;low polos, mostly broken away. Hole on proper left side of body does not go through the fabric. Black hair, black overallon back;addedred on dress,tracesof red on lower back. Colors mostly peeled. Late CorinthianI 614. Kalathoshead P1. 54 C-64-199. O-P:18-20; lot 2150 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.053, H. face 0.027 m. Proper right brow and foreheaddamaged. Published: Daux, BCH 89, 1965, p. 693, fig. 9, right (Wallenstein,KorinthischePlastik, VI/A 5). Similar to 613, slightly more tapering face; projecting chin. Traces of black on hair, on crown surroundedby
P1. 55
R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H.
0.043, H. face 0.015 m. Three joining fragments;very worn. Head as 615, features almost gone. Stepped wig, preservedonly on properleft; low polos;applied strip of clay with disk for necklace;on projectionon proper left side for arm. No preserved paint except for slight trace on inside of rim. MF-69-65 from Temple Hill, without datable context, has the same head. Late CorinthianI 617. Kalathoshead P1. 55
C-64-186. P:26; lot 2042 (late 5th century). P.H. 0.056, H. face 0.016 m. Published:Daux, BCH 89, 1965, p. 693, fig. 9, center (Wallenstein,Korinthische Plastik, VI/A3). Shallow face, long and tapering; slightly arched eyes; shortnose;narrowmouth;projectingchin;low, vertically set ears. Separatedlocks on forehead;steppedwig; polos. Orange-brownglaze on hair, eyes, brows, necklace;glaze on back of head; addedpurple (over glaze) on dress, polos, inner rim. Late CorinthianI 618. Kalathoshead PI. 55
C-62-828. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). P.H. 0.081, H. face 0.028 m. Encrusted; properright side of head damaged.
182
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 622. Pyxis head P1. 55 C-73-302. K-L:23-24; lot 73-118 (third quarter 5th century). P.H. 0.075, H. face 0.023 m. Nose and chin damaged. Tapering face; pronouncedeyelids; slight smile, slightly protruding upper lip; chin originally pointed. Welldefined recedingwaves on forehead;stepped wig behind verticalears. Polos with centralmedallionof eight petals, in added red; traces of added-red maeander on polos. Added purple (over black) for cloak, covering polos; black hair; brown at bottombreak for dress. Similar, probably from same mold: KT 9-7 (Corinth XV, ii, class VIII, 35, pl. 11; Wallenstein, Korinthische Plastik, V/B3). Late CorinthianI 623. Pyxis head P1. 55 C-62-258. O-R:23-24; lot 1955 (secondhalf 4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.054, H. face 0.015 m. Wide face with little taper; bulging eyes without lids; short nose; smile; projecting chin. Hair as 622; polos. V-neck dressor cloak;moldmadenecklace.Addedpurple (over black) for cloak; black hair, top of polos. Colors mostly peeled. From same mold, but different pyxis, a head from N-0:26, lot 72-208:1. Late CorinthianI. PI. 56 624. Pyxis head C-64-422. O-P:21; lot 2161 (early 4th century). P.H. 0.072, H. face 0.027 m. Mouth and chin damaged; badly worn. Long, heavy face;large eyes; smile; low-set, verticalears. Simple waves on brow; bulging hair without divisions (verticalgrooveat proper left accidental);no polos; added-white fillet. Addedpurple (overblack) for dress;cloak on shoulders indicated by incision. On chest, arms and handsrenderedby incisionand outline, with addedwhite. Black on top of head, hair, eyes. Beginning of wall with added-redline; black-and-whitecheckerboard below. See 261, pyxis with female outline heads, attached protome (missing) with similarly rendered arms. 624 does not fit that scar but could be from anotherside of the pyxis; the fabricis similar. Other pyxis heads have the arms indicated, although usually without the details of 624. See T 1513 (Corinth XIII, grave 157-m, p. 183, pl. 87); the California vase published by Amyx (footnote29 above, p. 179), p. 208, pl. 32:a, b. Late CorinthianI? 625. Pyxis heads P1. 56 C-65-175. Surface;lot 4377 (4th centuryafter Christ). a) P.H. 0.08 m. Two joining fragments. b) P.H.
Oval face; heavy eyes with rounded lids; narrow nose; small mouth with full lips; heavy chin. Tilt of head to right, unevenly attachedto rim. Heavy roll of hair without detail on forehead;trace of fillet; twisted strands of hair on either side of face;edge of cloakover head. Traces of added red and black on back of head; added red for dress, fillet; black for cloak, eyes, brows, hair. Very large example. For heads of similar type, but smaller: KT 9-25 and KT 9-32 (Corinth XV, ii, class IX, 11 and IX, 12, pi. 13); PerachoraI, no. 236, pl. 107. See also Wallenstein, KorinthischePlastik, VII/A2 a-d. Late Corinthian II 619. Kalathoshead PI. 55
C-68-159. M:16; no lot. P.H. 0.061, H. face 0.027 m. Similar to 618, slightly broaderthrough the eyes, not so deep a head. Three layers of hair acrossbrow, originally with small indentations;two braided strands on either side of face;fillet;ridge at properleft is part of low polos. Inner and outer wall with added-redlines; added red on eyes, lids, brows, necklace,dress. C-68-349, lot 5613 (surface finds) is from the same mold but is probablya figurine head, not from a vase. Late CorinthianII 620. Kalathoshead P1. 55
C-65-34. N-O:19-20; lot 2247 (4th century after Christ). P.H. 0.054, H. face 0.013 m. Very worn. Narrow, tapering face; diagonally set eyes; long nose; smiling mouth; low set ears. Waves on forehead placed very high; cursoryhair on sides of face. Cloak over head, with incisions on border;rosettesor flowers (very worn) over cloak, by temples. Added purple (over glaze) on polos, dress;brown hair, cloak;orange brown on back. Pyxis head C-62-284, R:25, lot 1953, from the same mold. Very close and probablyfromthe same mold is KT 9-64 (CorinthXV, ii, class VIII, 47, pl. 11). See Wallenstein, KorinthischePlastik, VII/A7 a-c, including latter example, one in Tiibingen, and one in New York, all from pyxides. Late CorinthianII Pls. 53, 55 621. Pyxis head C-72-56. 1:15;no lot. P.H. 0.078, H. face 0.026 m. Left of head, bud from bud chain decoratingshoulder;at lower break, two bands limiting top of figure zone. Wide face with little taper;narrow eyes with definedlids; wide nose; thin, horizontal mouth; projectingchin. Receding waves on brow; stepped wig. Black for dress, necklace, hair, eyes. Traces of red wash on shoulder:red-ground pyxis. Late CorinthianI
KITCHEN VESSELS: COARSE WARE AND COOKING FABRIC 0.081 m. Two joining fragments. c) P.H. 0.053 m. Head missing. H. of faces 0.019 m. Three heads from the same pyxis. Flat body; two knobs as breasts; slight articulation of neck and shoulders;no arms. Narrow tapering face; small eyes; prominentnose; small straightmouth, heavy lips. Heavy frame of hair on forehead,incisions indicatingcurls;side tresses with vestigial steps; high polos supportingbridge to rim. Addedpurple and black dots on polos; black hair, eyes, brows; added-purple mouth, earrings, necklace; added purple (over black) for dress; incised vertical zigzags for folds, running incised maeanderon sides and top of dress. The facial type resembles620. Late CorinthianII PI. 56 626. Head C-62-271. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). P.H. 0.06, H. face 0.015 m. Nose damaged. Small, slightly tapering face;small eyes with pronounced lids; triangular nose; horizontal mouth. Receding waves on brow;steppedwig; groovesbetween steps continueonto sides of hair; fillet and polos. Two pointed projections for arms; modeledbreasts. Two holes pierce the head on either side of face; seven holes in polos, pierceddiagonally down to below brim of polos in back. Black hair, eyelids, brows, necklace.
183
C-62-283, R:25, lot 1953, is very similar in facial type, body with arms, holes. These are not plastic vases;there is no outlet hole, and they are solid to below the neck. For lid handles? Late CorinthianI? 627. Sphinx handle P1. 56 C-61-190. P:24-25; lot 878 (third quarter 4th century). P.W. 0.072, p.H. 0.082 m. Handmade. Published:Stroud,Hesperia 34, 1965, pl. 7:c (Wallenstein, KorinthischePlastik, VI/B16). Broken at attachment to lid. Sphinx with long neck, turned head, polos, curvingwings, gripping onto handle attachment.Incision on hair, no detail on wings. Front rotellaof five-petalrosette;backone brokenoff. Traces of addedred on wing, polos.
Probably mid-6th century B.C.
628. Gorgon head

C-62-354. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500
B.C.).
PI. 56
P.H.
0.038 m. Lower breakat left may be a finishedsurface. Typical gorgon head; black on hair, entire back of head; added red on eyelids, mouth. I am not sure that this is from a vase. Archaic
KITCHEN VESSELS: COARSE WARE AND COOKING FABRIC (629-660)

The catalogue entries are divided into two parts: kitchen coarse ware and cooking fabric. The analysis of shape developmentfor the vessels in each part is presentedin Shape Studies,XXVI and XXVII. The fabric of the kitchen vessels is not described;all have inclusions,31 although, as is typical of Corinthian,the clay fires to different colors. The slips, where present, are mentioned.The color of the cooking-fabric vessels is
noted in order to make clear the range of fired colors, even though most are presumed to be Corinthian in
of origin. The problemof the origin of cookingfabricis discussedin the Shape Studies. Mica, characteristic most cooking-warepots found in Corinth, is not mentionedunless it is absent. There are other vessels which might be called kitchenequipment,such as bandedlekanai, certaintypes of jugs, and so forth.They probablywere householditems, used in the dining roomsof the Sanctuary.But since they are made of fine clay, they are includedin the sectionon non-figuredfine ware.
Perirrhanteria are discussed separately; although they are similar in fabric to the coarse-ware vessels, they
presumablyhad cult, not dining-room,functions. COARSE WARE (629-644)

629. P1. 57 Hydria handle C-62-786. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). P.L. 0.191 m. Three joining fragments;full handle, small part of rim preserved.No slip. Flat, diagonal flaring rim; handle attached on convex shoulder(part of inner face preserved),at top of rim;vertical handle roundin section.Five pellets attachedon rim at handle;outerhandlewith six irregularlyspacedstamps of 12-rayburstor linearrosette.Betweensecondandthird stamps,faint impressionof standingfigureto right. 6th century (by context)
31 There is one coarse-warebowl, 237, decoratedwith Late Corinthianfigure style. It is includednot here but rather in the Corinthian black-figuresection becausethe figure style was consideredto be more importantthan the fabric.
184 630.
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 0.160 m. One fragmentof outer handle-plateand part of handle. Fine, smoothbuff slip. a. Vertical wall; heavy projectingrim with diagonalouter face; bevel to flat upper face, widening at right break for horizontal handle attached to rim. Incised vertical strokes on vertical face; horizontal groove below; diagonal strokes on bevel to top face with curving groove (following flare to handle). Near inner edge of top face, incised leaves on either side of stem. Added-reddipinto on horizontalface: . b (not illustrated).Inciseddesign as a; no dipinto. c. End of large loop handle, set vertically,flaring outward from body of bowl, reinforcedat top by large handle-plate, inner rim of which is not preserved.Outer face of plate with incisedverticalstrokesalong top and bottom (see fragmenta); stamped palmette and lotus, enclosed, above beginning of each handle root. Top face of plate: line outlining outer edge;similar stamp at either end. Probablyearly Classical (by context) 634. Shallow lekane P1. 57 C-61-490. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century). P.H. 0.083, Th. wall 0.011, est. D. rim 0.20 m. Two joining fragmentsof upper wall, rim, handle. Self-slip. Shallow profile;convexwall, turning in at bottombreak; wide triangular handle attached to top of wall above which rises narrow rounded rim. Three faces of handle flat, hole in center. On wall, three low-relief bands, boundedby groovesabove and below, centralband corded. Outer face of rim with three bands, top and bottom ones corded.Pellet attachedto apex of handle on top face. Non-joining fragment of upper bowl and rim, from N:26, lot 2242 (2242:1), which ends in the later 5th century. Closest parallel: unpublished example from well 1937-1 (lot 1937-1:113), of the late 5th or early 4th century.The handle of the latter is less rigidly triangular, curving to the apex; the fragment lacks any decoration. The cordingon 634 may require an earlier date. Early 5th century? 635. Trefoil-oinochoelid P1. 57 C-62-305. O-R:23-24; lot 1955 (second half 4th centuryafter Christ). Max. dim. 0.088 m. Two joining fragments,some outer edges missing. No slip. Usual trefoil shape but with vertical handle, oval in section, stubs preserved.Attachedpellets around handle area;stampingof boxedtrianglesaroundouter edge. Undersideplain. Probably6th century
P1. 57 Hydria C-61-488. P:24-25; lot 893 (first quarter4th century). P.H. 0.102, D. 0.133, D. rim 0.083 m. Two joining fragments preserve upper wall, shoulder, neck, rim, vertical handle, and one side handle. Thin self-slip. Neck and rim made separatelyfrom body. High ovoid wall, beginning to contract at lower break, turning continuously into rounded shoulder;low, wide, slightly concave neck; flaring rim, convex on outer face, inward sloping on top face. Vertical handle oval in section; small horizontalhandle:a wad of clay, piercedvertically, set slightly canted (accidental?). Classical, before the early 4th century (by context) 631. Tripod krater P1. 57 C-64-222. N-0:23; lot 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin). P.H. 0.11, D. bowl at break 0.235 m. Two joining fragments;two feet, base of bowl preserved.Self-slip; handmade. Two (of three) animal paws for feet. Feet conical inside, 0.08 m. wide at maximum dimension;attachedto bottom of concaveband or collar 0.035-0.04 m. high, as support for bowl, with vertical incisions. Flat-bottomed bowl, brokenoff at beginning of flaring sides. Similar but more elaborate bowl with four animal paws: MF 9500 (Carter[footnote225 above,p. 68], from South Stoa in front of shop XXVI). Probablylater than 631. ProbablyClassical (by context) P1. 57 Deeplekane C-61-284. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H. 0.071, p.W. 0.076, est. D. 0.15-0.16 m. One fragmentof upper wall, rim. No slip. Tall cylindricalwall; projectinglug handle of triangular shape; flat, unarticulated rim. Stamping above handle: multiple X alternating with volute palmette of four petals. Design of palmette is very loose, late in the series. Late Archaic (by stamp, context) 632. 633. Shallow lekane P1. 57
C-73-58. R:25, Q-R:26-29, 0:28, N-0:24, Q:25; lots 1966 (later 4th century), 2038 (first half 4th century after Christ), 2220 (late 5th or early 4th century), 2143 (early 4th century), 72-122 (miscellaneous finds), 73-139 (second quarter 4th century B.C.). a) P.H. 0.056, est. inner D. 0.36 m. Three joining fragments of upper wall, rim. b) P.H. 0.028, p.W. 0.045 m. One rim fragment. c) P.H. 0.072, p.W.
KITCHEN VESSELS: COARSE WARE AND COOKING FABRIC 636. Trefoil oinochoe P1. 57
185
C-65-642. N:23; lot 4393 (early 5th century). P.H. 0.132, D. neck 0.119 m. Six joining fragmentsof neck, beginningof shoulder,handle. Thin surfacewash. Offset flat shoulder;wide vertical neck turning into trefoil mouth;verticalhandle fromtop of shoulderto mouth, oval in section. Archaic (by context) 637. Trefoil oinochoe P1. 57 C-61-489. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.c.). P.H. 0.136, D. neck 0.102 m. Four joining fragments; part of shoulder, neck, most of trefoil mouth, vertical handle preserved.Thin surfacewash. Convex sloping shoulder, offset from wide neck; trefoil mouth; vertical handle from lower shoulder to mouth, oval in section. Five pellets (originally six) attached on spine of handle. A more convex shoulder than 636, but without full profile, it cannotbe used as dating criterion. Archaic (by context) 638. Trefoil oinochoe P1. 57 C-73-358. P-Q:25; lots 73-138 (end of 5th century), 73-139 (second quarter 4th century). P.H. 0.082, D. neck 0.099 m. Many joining fragments;parts of shoulder, neck, mouth preserved.Thin creamy slip on exterior, interiorof neck. Traces of burning. High diagonal shoulder, set off from short neck; trefoil mouth separately made of thickened clay. Attachedpellets in centerof each foil on inner surfaceof mouth. ProbablyClassical (by context) Fig. 22, P1. 58 C-64-431. N-0:25-26; lots 2075 (early 5th century), 75-248 (mid-5th century). H. 0.058, est. D. 0.31, est. D. resting surface 0.18 m. Two joining fragments; completeprofile. Light buff slip. Disk foot, set off by light grooveabove verticalface from shallow convexbowl; heavy foldedrim with flat diagonal outer face, wide convex lip, concave inner bowl. About 0.04 m. below rim on interiorbowl is additionalgrit over slip for roughenedgrindingsurface. For parallel: C-34-929 (Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937, p. 299, no. 194, fig. 32). Early 5th century 639. 640. Mortar P1. 58 C-72-195. I-J:15; lot 72-111 (4th century). P.H. 0.052, est. inner D. 0.28 m. Three joining fragments; part of upper wall, rim preserved.No slip. Mortar
Slightly concaveprofile of wall; heavy projectingrim undercut from wall on exterior;convex outer face rising to narrow peaked lip; one spool handle preserved, with three inner beads, attachedto rim. At left break, beginning of projectionfor spout. Additional grit on bowl at lower break. For a comparableprofile:C-53-269 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 624, p. 110). 640 is probablyearlier. Mid-4th century? 641. Mortar PI. 58 C-65-576. N:26; lot 4478 (later Hellenistic). P.H. 0.035, p.L. 0.078 m. One fragmentof upper wall, rim. No slip. Photograph taken to show rim of fragment from above.
Shallow bowl, rising to lightly thickened vertical rim with flat lip; projecting horizontal collar, attached 0.01 m. below lip, encirclingbowl. On upper surface of collar, finger holds attachedby wads of clay, resembling pie-crusting. See C-47-242 and C-47-399 (CorinthVII, iii, nos. 626, 627, p. 111, pls. 22, 59; wells 1934-5 and 1936-13); C-1976-198 in cooking fabric (Williams, Hesperia 46, 1977, p. 70, no. 19); and a Delian example (Exploration de archeologique Delos, XXVII, L'Ilot de la Maison des Comediens,P. Bruneau,ed., Paris 1970, D225, pl. 49). Later Hellenistic 642. Tray Fig. 22, P1. 58 C-64-475. 0:24-25; Q-R:26-29, N-O:26; lots 890 (2nd centuryafter Christ), 2038 (first half 4th century after Christ), 2067 (third quarter 4th century). a) H. 0.045, L. floor to rim 0.415 m. Fourjoining fragments of outer floor,rim. b) One fragmentof outer-floorrim. L. floor to rim 0.167 m. Th. wall 0.023, est. D. rim 0.50 m. Buff slip; floor burnt. Only part of a, with dipinto, illustrated(P1. 58). At inner break,thickeningof floor descendingto support or foot;concaveprofile of undersurface, turning continuously to rim; heavy molded rim, with flat top surface, slightly offset from shallow, barely diagonalfloor. Outer face of molded rim: half-round relief band below, offset by grooves;cyma reversa;fascia above; beveled turn to flat top face. On rim of fragmenta, dipinto of phi, two lambdas(?).No sign of grits on floor. The term "tray" used for lack of any betterinterpreis tation. The bowl is much shallowerthan that of a mortar or perirrhanterion. For parallel of the rim molding: C-1978-255, some sort of large flowerpot(?)from Forum Southwest, destruction debris of the third quarter 4th century. 4th century (by context)
186
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION 644. Strainer PI. 58
P1. 58 643. Bowl C-62-836. R:23-24; lot 1991 (late 6th century). H. 0.038, rest. D. 0.133 m. One fragment preservesone third of bowl, with full profile; fully restoredin plaster. No slip. Flat resting surface, no foot; diagonal wall with slight convexity; heavy rim outward thickened, wide convex upper surface.Pellets attachedat wide intervalson upper rim face. 6th century (by context)
C-65-297. M:17-18; lot 3222 (first half 3rd century after Christ). L. 0.11, W. 0.062, H. 0.012-0.025 m. Slight chipping of edges. Handmade;no slip. Jaw-shaped strainer with rising edges; holes punched throughout,about 0.004 m. in diameter,in semicircular pattern,following configurationof strainershape.
COOKING FABRIC (645-660)

645. Fig. 23, P1. 58 C-65-532. N:26; lots 4479, 4480 (Hellenistic). H. 0.192, est. D. 0.39, est. D. foot 0.11 m. Many joining fragments; complete profile, plaster restoration. Orange fabric;slight traces of slip. Wheelmade. Lekane or krater 748, p. 143, pls. 34, 63; well 1948-4). The warped shape of 647 is probablythe result of intense burning. Hellenistic? 648. Unflanged cookingpot, flaring rim P1. 58 C-61-491. P-Q:24; lot 898 (ca. 500 B.C.). P.H. 0.091, est. D. rim 0.13 m. One fragment of upper wall, shoulder,rim. Burningon interior,overbreak.Orange fabric. Convex wall turning continuouslyinto sloping shoulder, thickened flaring rim. Thin, peeling paint on exterior; burnishingstrokeson shoulder. 6th century (by context) 649. Unflanged cookingpot, flaring rim Fig. 23, PI. 58
Ring foot; tall, convex flaring wall turning concave above, offset by ridge; projectingrim with flat top face, vertical outer face, sharp break between inner rim and interiorwall. Scar of one handle root for horizontalreflex handle below wall ridge. Burning on exterior. Similar: C-65-400, from Katsoulis well 3 (well 19653), unpublished, with slightly lower wall; C-47-256 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 705, p. 134, pls. 33, 63; well 19345), with heavier lip, groovedouter face of rim. Probablylater Hellenistic (by context) Round-mouthedpitcher Fig. 23, P1. 58 C-65-533. N:26; lot 4482 (early Hellenistic). H. 0.180.19, D. 0.17-0.174, rest. D. rim 0.105 m. Many joining fragments; complete profile; plaster restoration. Gray-brownfabric. Deeply recessed undersurface;tall globular wall; slight offset at shoulder; concave neck, merging continously with slightly thickened round lip; single strap handle, convexon outer face, from upper wall to lip, rising slightly above lip. Similar: C-75-302, from well 1975-4, unpublished, with similar profile but smaller in size. Hellenistic P1. 58 C-65-475. N:26; lot 4482 (early Hellenistic). H. 0.205, D. 0.20 m. Many joining fragments;fully restored in plaster except missing rim. Gray fabric;badly warped. Slightly recessed undersurface;wide convex wall merging continuously with shoulder and low concave neck, terminating in trefoil mouth; single strap handle from upper wall to neck. See C-35-557 and C-48-35 (CorinthVII, iii, nos. 747, 647. Trefoil pitcher 646.
C-61-432. P:24; lot 877 (early 3rd century).H. 0.215, D. 0.26, D. rim 0.165. Many joining fragments;full profile;plaster restoration.Gray fabric,without mica. Noted: CorinthVII, iii, p. 121, note 7. Rounded bottom;globular wall with slight offset below sloping shoulder; flaring rim with convex outer face, diagonal inner face. One strap handle, convex on outer surface, attached from upper wall, offset to rim, rising slightly abovethe rim. The restorationof the secondhandle is doubtful. No specificparallel in shape or fabric;the lack of mica is not typical of cookingpots found in Corinth. Probably4th century (by context) 650. Unflanged cookingpot, flat rim Fig. 23, P1. 59 C-69-253. L:18; lot 5640 (later 4th century). Rest. H. 0.214, D. 0.25, D. rim 0.155 m. Many joining fragments, half preserved; bottom,gaps filled in with plaster. Brown-redfabric;burnt;poor surface. No resting surface; globular wall, offset, from sloping rim shoulder;flat, horizontallyprojecting set off fromwall inside and out;one wide straphandlewith flat outer face. Latest piece in lot? End of 4th century?
KITCHEN VESSELS: COARSE WARE AND COOKING FABRIC 651. Unflanged cookingpot, flat rim P1. 59 C-69-298. M-N:19; lot 6182 (fourth quarter4th century). P.H. 0.197, est. D. rim 0.17 m. Many joining fragments;profile preservedfrom lower wall to rim, including one handle; plaster restoration.Red fabric; burnt. Published:Bookidisand Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 291, no. 3, pl. 57. Shape as 650 with slightly more convex outer face of handle. End of 4th century 652. Unflanged cookingpot, flat rim Fig. 24, P1. 59 C-65-474. N:26; lot 4482 (early Hellenistic). Rest. H. 0.162, D. 0.19, D. rim 0.135 m. Many joining fragments; resting surface, holes restored in plaster. Red fabric;burnt. Shape as abovetwo, with less offset to shoulder;two handles preserved. Hellenistic 653. Unflanged small cookingpot, Fig. 24, P1. 59 rim flaring C-71-88. M:22-23; lot 6826 (late 4th century). H. 0.094, rest. D. 0.122, D. rim 0.08 m. Many joining fragments;one third preservedwith complete profile; plaster restoration.Red fabric;burnt, encrusted. Roundedresting surface;high ovoid wall with slight offset before sloping shoulder; flaring rounded rim; strap handle attached below offset and at rim, rising slightly above rim. 4th century 654. Unflanged small cookingpot, flaring rim Fig. 24, PI. 59
187
656. Unflanged small cookingpot, Fig. 24, PI. 59 verticalrim C-65-531. N:26; lot 4482 (early Hellenistic). H. 0.106, D. 0.155, D. rim 0.108 m. Many joining fragments; complete profile; plaster restoration. Graybrown micaceous fabric: 10YR 5/3 (brown); burnt, encrusted. Rounded resting surface;low globular wall; offset sloping shoulder;verticalrim set off from shoulder;flat narrow lip; flat strap handle from below shoulderto lip, rising slightly above it. No parallels in fabricor shape. Hellenistic P1. 59 Flanged cookingpot (chytraII) C-65-530. N:26; lot 4480 (Hellenistic). P.H. 0.09, D. 0.121, D. rim 0.096 m. Many joining fragments;most of rim, wall preserved. Plaster restoration. Orange fabric;burnt, encrusted. Low ovoid wall, contractingto rim; straight flaring rim rising sharply from shoulder, with flattened lip; inner rim concave to rounded flange projecting into bowl; flange not sharply articulated.No trace of strap handle. Parallel: C-46-38 (Corinth VII, iii, no. 653, p. 122; well 1946-1). Later Hellenistic? 658. CasseroleI Figs. 24, 37, PI. 59 C-68-304. M-N:19; lots 5620 (later 4th century), 5624 (later 3rd century). Rest. H. 0.06-0.073, D. rim 0.205-0.212 m. Many joining fragments;center missing, restoredin plaster as are parts of wall, rim. Red fabric;burnt. 657.
C-69-79. 0:18; lot 6193 (later 4th century). H. 0.094, D. 0.123, D. rim 0.082 m. Severaljoining fragments; part of neck, rim, and all of handle missing. Red fabric. scars for hanShape as 649, offset even less pronounced; dle attachmentat midwall and rim. For shape parallel: C-1979-140, cistern 1979-1, third quarter 4th century (unpublished). Later 4th century 655. Unflanged small cookingpot, flat rim Fig. 24, PI. 59
Roundedwall; carinationto concavecontracted shoulder; shoulder and rim divided by narrow ridge, not groove; flaring rim, convex outside, flattened diagonal lip, concave inner face to strong flange rising diagonally. Diameter and height of shoulder and rim equal, creating
C-65-438. N-0:16-17; lot 4404 (mid-3rd century). H. 0.064, D. 0.082, D. rim 0.053 m. Intact,except for small rim chips. Very gritty red fabric; burnt, encrusted. Small versionof 652; two strap handles rising aboverim. Probably3rd century;contextdate clarifiedby 435, cyma kantharos.
FIG.37. CasseroleI 658. Scale 1:2
188
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION strong roundedhorizontal flange; loop handle, round in section,attachedto shoulder,rising diagonallyaboverim. Similar fabric:C-71-48, drain 1971-1 (Williams and Fisher, Hesperia 41, 1972, p. 161, no. 48, pl. 27), with differentprofile. Similar profile:C-36-986 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 681, p. 126; well 1936-3). Probablylater 4th century 660. CasseroleII Fig. 24, PI. 59 C-71-173. L-M:28; lot 6723 (late 4th-early 3rd century). P.H. 0.05, est. D. rim 0.20 m. Many joining fragments;parts of wall, rim, half of one handle preserved;plaster restoration.Red fabric;burnt.
biconicalprofile. Roundedhandlesattachedto rim, rising diagonally above rim; central depressionin handles creating M shape. No parallel for profile. For handles: C-53-268 (Corinth VII, iii, p. 124, note 11, an import; well 1953-2). 658 has fabric typical of most cooking-fabricvessels in Corinth. 659. CasseroleII P1. 59 C-73-307. K-L:23-24; lot 73-116 (late 4th century). P.H. 0.06, est. D. rim 0.20 m. Many joining fragments; most of bowl, shoulder, rim, one handle preserved; plaster restoration. Orange-red fabric, heavily micaceous: 2.5YR 6/6-8 (light red); thinner (0.003 m.) and finer than typical cookingware. Traces of fine red slip on interior. Burnt. Deep roundedwall; bulging round shoulder,contracting to light groove separating shoulder from rim; straight rim, diagonally flaring, convex to concave inner face;
Straightflaringwall; sharpturn without bulge to vertical upper wall (no articulationfor shoulder), merging with rim;thin grooveseparatingupper wall from rim;rim rising vertically to roundedlip; narrow flange; part of one loop handle, round in section, attachedto upper wall. Early 3rd century?
PERIRRHANTERIA (661-674)
The perirrhanteria are arranged by the part of the vessel from which each fragment derives: base, shaft, and rim, subdivided chronologically in each section. The one example with fragments from the different parts of
the vessel appears first. The clay of each is coarse,with many inclusions,except for the very small (votive?) example, 670, of fine clay. The fabricis not described,but the slip is noted. Dating of each example is usually
by context; any parallels in profile or decoration are given. For the development of the profile and the changes in decoration, see Shape Studies, XXVIII. 661. Perirrhanterion P1.60 a, b. Base C-62-755. R:23-24, N-0:24-25, 0:20-21; lots 1988 (late 6th century),2094 (early 4th century),4348 (late Roman, Byzantine). a) P.H. 0.088, est. D. 0.44 m. One fragment of vertical and horizontal faces of foot, broken at beginning of shaft. b) P.H. 0.083 m. (not illustrated). Two fragments of vertical face of foot, brokennear shaft. Self-slip on exterior. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 71. Flat resting surface; nearly vertical, plain outer face, carefully offset from sloping upper face, decoratedwith three relief bands at outer edge, upper and lower corded; above,stampedenclosedvolute palmetteswith seven petals; incised line as lower limit; corded band at base of shaft. Palmette stamp very worn. See C-31-446 (Weinberg, Hesperia 23, 1954, p. 126, note 111, pl. 28:a;Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 66). The palmettesof 661 are plumper, probablylater. c-g. Shaft C-64-471 (c), C-65-649 (d), C-75-320 (e-g). 0:26, M-N:25-26, P:20-21, M-N:25, N-0:25-26; lots 2083 (later 6th century), 4344 (Roman, Byzantine), 4367 (late 4th or early 3rd century), 4434 (early Roman), 75-248 (mid-5th century). Five fragments, three with same design, non-joining. Est. D. of shaft 0.28-0.30 m. c) P.H. 0.133, p.W. 0.117 m. d) P.H. 0.072, p.W. 0.084 m. e) P.H. 0.063, p.W. 0.053 m.; f) p.H. 0.094, p.W. 0.085 m.; g) p.H. 0.074, p.W. 0.046 m. Slip as a, b. Published:C-64-471 (c) Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 80; C-65-649 (d) Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 67. c. At lower break, thin fillet; three relief bands, upper and lower cordedas a, b. At upper break, stampedchevrons of eight parallel V's, lower limit of zone an incised line. Groove of upper limit at top right break. Worn stamp. d. At lower break, palmettes as a, b, corded band above.At top right break, incised line. e-g. Three bands, lower and upper corded;stamped ten-petal rosettes;incised line as upper limit. h. Rim C-64-472. N:26; lot 2074 (mid- to third quarter 5th century). P.W. 0.102, p.L. 0.14, est. D. 0.60 m. One fragment of outer bowl, rim. Self-slip on interior of bowl, rim. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 21, fig. 1 (profile).
PERIRRHANTERIA Shallow concave bowl rising to heavy projecting rim, with flat horizontal upper face, molded vertical face, slightly rounded narrow underface, undercut to meet bowl exterior. Outer rim face with two sets of relief bands, separated by concave zone, upper and lower in each set corded. Mid-6th century (by context, lots 1988, 2083, style of palmettes) 662. Base P1. 60
C-62-373. R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500 B.c.). Max. dim.
189
C-62-275, 0:24, lot 1950, with similar profile (Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 81); eight-petal rosettes on both faces, poorly corded bands. For palmette of 664, see C-40-36 (Weinberg, Hesperia 23, 1954, p. 124, note 106, pl. 28:b; Iozzo, op. cit., no. 65); for profile, see C-50-17 (Weinberg, Hesperia 23, 1954, p. 127, note 120, pi. 28:g; Iozzo, op. cit., no. 82). Archaic. 665. Base P1. 60
0.078 m. One fragment of foot. Pale slip on exterior, cracking.Traces of burning. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 64. From upper surface of foot, probablyvery wide; see 661 a, b. Two plain relief bands, zone of stampedpalmettes similar to those of 664, but more closely set, so that the volutes enclosea heart-shapedarea with a dart or central spine; five small leaves projectingfrom calyx. An example from Perachoramay have palmettesfrom the same stamp (PerachoraII, no. 3365a, pl. 126; Weinberg, Hesperia 23, 1954, pl. 29:g). Earlier 6th century 663. Base and lower shaft
R:23-24; lot 1985 (ca. 500
B.C.).
C-68-350. L:15-16; lot 5719 (mid-5th century). P.H. 0.083, est. D. 0.26 m. Six joining fragments of foot. Self-slip on exterior;surfaceflaking. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 89. Roundedrestingsurface;low diagonalouterface, sloping upper face;brokenaboveat beginningof shaft. At bottom of sloping face, three low, wide relief bands, outer two black, upper added red, with grooves between. Zone of stamped enclosed seven-petal rosettes, with slightly squaredtips. Black band aroundmissing shaft. Early 5th century(by contextand by designs) P1.60 C-69-315. M-N:19; lots 5625 (later 3rd century), 6189 (later 4th century). P.H. 0.144, est. D. 0.28 m. Three joining fragments of foot, broken above at beginning of shaft. Pale buff slip on exterior. Wheelmade. Photographedbefore finaljoins. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 100, fig. 4 (profile). Flat resting surface;very high foot, outer face diagonal, short upper face sloping to shaft; upper face with three plain relief bands, groovesbetween each;one plain band with grooveson either side encirclingmissing shaft. Classical,probably4th century(by context) 667. Base P1.61 666. Base
P1.60
P.H.
C-62-362.
0.142, est. D. 0.35 m. Ten joining fragmentsof base, lower shaft. Thin self-slip on exterior; inclusions show. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 83. Foot with less offset between the two faces than 661. Rounded resting surface. Corded relief band 0.024 m. above edge of foot; stamped zone of rosettes, ovolos, pendent from upper cordedband;additionalband at top of foot, separatedfrom lower one by plain band. Columnar shaft; five bands below, top and bottom corded; stampedrosettesabove, at wide intervals.Worn stamps. See C-47-786 (Weinberg, Hesperia 23, 1954, p. 129, note 128, pl. 30:e;well 1947-4).
Before 500
B.C.
(by context)
664.
Base
P1.60
C-64-60. P:26; lot 2012 (early 5th century). Max. dim. 0.117, est. D. 0.28 m. One fragment preserving base profile. Part of outer face broken away. Self-slip on exterior. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 78. Continuous foot profile as 663, broken above at beginning of verticalshaft. Flat restingsurface;outer face with faint traces of stamped volute palmettes;upper face set off by ledge, cut back from outer face, decoratedwith chevrons of four parallel V's; three relief bands, upper and lower carelesslycorded;one cordedband at top break surroundingshaft.
C-65-324. N-0:17-18; lot 3411 (early Hellenistic). P.H. 0.128, est. L. each side ca. 0.40 m. One fragment, preserving almost one fourth of square base (half of two sides), beginning of shaft. Flaking buff slip on all surfacesexcept resting surface. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 121. Square base with flat resting surface,verticalouter face; flat horizontal face with added red, from which rises footing for circular shaft, broken at ascending turn. Non-joining fragment from another corner, K-L:22, lot 73-101:1. Similar profile: KN 162 (Weinberg, Hesperia 23, 1954, p. 128, note 121, pl. 30:f;Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 120; not in CorinthXV, iii), decoratedwith stamps, not paint, datedto the earlier 6th century.667 is later. Classical (by context)
190
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION joining fragments of lower area of shaft, almost half the circumference preserved.Self-slip on exterior. Brokenbelow at beginningof base. Bandof added-brown paint at base of flutes; 10 preservedflutes, probably22 or 24 when complete;tracesof addedbrown on arrises. For similar larger shaft: C-1976-152, Forum Southwest (Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 116), Classical stratum. Classical 672. Rim PI. 61 C-62-277. R:25; lot 1953 (Byzantine). P.L. 0.153, est. D. 0.60 m. One fragment of rim, beginning of bowl. Thin buff slip on all surfaces;inclusionsshowing. Published: Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 26, fig. 1 (profile). Concave shallow bowl, rising to flat horizontal face of rim; verticalface with six relief bands, paintedalternately black and added red; central flat area of vertical rim with black and red dentils. Similar rims are found in contexts of the Archaic through Hellenistic periods. 673. Rim P1.61 C-70-596. M-0:27-29, P-Q:25; lots 2210 (4th century after Christ), 73-141 (third quarter 5th century). P.L. 0.152, est. D. 0.57 m. Two joining fragmentsof rim. Thin buff slip on all surfaces. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 44, fig. 2 (profile). Profileas 673. On verticalface, six relief bandswith wide stripesof addedred, black,red;blackover horizontalface of rim. At inner brokenedge of horizontalface, graffito: Classical 674. Rim P1. 61 C-64-432. P:26; lot 2042 (late 5th century). P.W. 0.092, est. D. 0.43 m. One fragmentof rim and bowl. Self-slip on all surfaces. Profile as 672, 673. On verticalrim face, projectingspool handle, with stampedhorizontalpalmettesat either end; three narrow relief bands, upper and lower ones corded. Misjudged spacing; central band cut away for the palmettes, the leaves of which are obscured. See C-48-177 (Weinberg, Hesperia 23, 1954, p. 126, note 116, pl. 28:c;Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 16, fig. 1 [profile])and C-67-136, from the Gymnasium (Classical context;Iozzo, op. cit., no. 10). Both are of higher quality than 674; both may be earlier. Classical (by context).
668. Upper base, beginning of shaft P1. 61 C-64-474. P:26; lot 2049 (early 4th-century pottery; coin of Ptolemy I). P.H. 0.063, est. D. inner shaft 0.10 m. One fragmentof upper base, lower shaft. Selfslip on exterior. Base and shaft continuous. Undersurface preservesbeginning of resting surface. Parts of five flutes preserved from bottomof shaft, continuingonto base, spreadingin width. At outer break, flattening of arris, probably for outer raised band; added red and gray on arris and surroundingarea. 668 duplicatesin clay a type well documentedin stone. See Ginouves (footnote263 above, p. 77), pl. 20; it is also on known in representations Classical vases:ibid., pl. 14, fig. 41; pl. 27, fig. 84, and so forth. ProbablyClassical 669. Shaft P1. 61 C-62-279. R:25; lot 1953 (Byzantine). Max. dim. 0.095 m. One fragment of wall of shaft. Self-slip on exterior;burning at lower left break. Published:Iozzo, Hesperia 56, 1987, no. 86. Chain of stamped pendent dotted ovolos, unevenly spaced, of different sizes; above, two relief bands, upper one corded. See Weinberg, Hesperia 23, 1954, pi. 29:f (Perachora II, no. 3367, pl. 126). 6th century 670. Shaft, beginning of bowl P1. 61 C-64-473. 0:25; lots 2089 (early 5th century), 2090 (later 6th century).P.H. 0.116, D. shaft 0.067 m. Two joining fragments of shaft, beginning of bowl. Fine clay; thin slip or polish on exterior, flaking. At bottombreak, slight splaying of shaft for turn to base; circular hollow shaft; projecting fascia at top, above which is the shallow, concave projectingbowl. At lower break, stamps of five-petal volute palmettes; traces of added red around stamps; chevronof three parallel V's. Both stamps very worn. At midshaft, three rows of irregularly spaced triangular marks, carelessly applied, bounded above by faint groove. Suspendedfrom addedred fascia, added-redand gray loops, with centralvertical lines in same colors, similar lines between loops. Colors alternateirregularly.Bowl reserved. Probablylate 6th century 671. Shaft P1. 61 C-64-221. N-0:23; lot 2152 (4th-century pottery, 2nd-century coin). P.H. 0.15, est. D. 0.12 m. Three
POST-CLASSICAL PHIALAI
191
POST-CLASSICAL PHIALAI (675-681) KathleenWarner Slane

In the study of the Roman context pottery from the Sanctuaryof Demeter a group of large mesomphalic phialai was identified.They were thought to be late Roman (4th century)on the basis of the context of the examples originally identified,but the discoveryof parallels at Morgantinain Sicily and of a possible antecedent in the Corinth excavationsin 1981 has suggestedthat these phialai are late Hellenistic in date. They may fill the gap between the end of the Classical series outlined above (Shape Studies, XI) and the abandonment in 146 B.C. While the evidence presentedbelow is not conclusive,it is strong enough to make it
necessary to draw these phialai to the reader's attention by discussing them with the Greek series.32
In addition to the 7 catalogued examples, 37 fragments (apparently representingas many vessels) of phialai in a thick, coarse fabric which is probably local were found in the sanctuary. These phialai are distinguished by a very large, hemisphericalomphalos, a broad sloping floor separatedfrom a very low, oblique wall by an angular carination,and a wide horizontalrim, usually with tracesof a grooveat its outer
edge. They are relatively shallower and much broader than the normal Corinthian phialai, with diameters ranging from ca. 0.20 to 0.30 m. Only one or two fragments bear any trace of a slip; the remainder appear to have been only wet smoothed. Most of the fragments of these phialai were found in destruction contexts and surface levels of the second half of the 4th century after Christ on the Upper Terrace around Building S-T:16-17,33 on the central part of the Upper Terrace (Q-S:17-23)34 extending down over Building O-P:19-20,35 and one fragment farther east in Q:24-25;36 the largest concentration of fragments (678, 680, and 24 sherds) was on the central part of the Upper Terrace in the Theatral Area (lot 2107) and in the upper dumped filling of well 61-11 (lot 1945). In three other instances the Roman pottery with which the phialai were associated was no later than the 3rd or early 4th century.37 The stratigraphic evidence so far presented points to a date in the 3rd or 4th century for this group of mesomphalic phialai, but the contexts of 676 and 677 (if the latter is a phiale) may complicate the picture: in both cases the associated finds were no later than late Hellenistic (figured moldmade relief bowls).38 The phiale fragments must therefore either be late Hellenistic or provide a Roman
32 The only phiale of Roman date which does not belong to this group is C-73-177, CorinthXVIII, ii, no. 141. Althoughof local manufactureit belongs to a completelydifferenttradition. 33Lot 6638 (general debris over Building S-T:16-17): 8%Classical lamps and votives (figurinesexcluded), remainderRoman from 1st century after Christ to secondhalf of 4th century. 34 Lot 2107 (Q-S:17-20, surfaceto bedrock;potteryonly): ca. 48%Archaicand Classical sherdsand votives,remainderRoman, potteryand lamps from 1st centuryafter Christ to secondhalf of 4th century,one Byzantine (64-78) and one Turkish coin (64-87). Lot 2169 (R:17-18, pit D): 33 Greek votives, 675, two Attic lamp sherds of the 4th century after Christ. Lot 4380 (R:16-17, southernpocketin bedrock/west end of wall 46 cutting):20%Greek, remainderRoman from 1st centuryafter Christ to secondhalf of 4th century. Lot 6501 (R-S:21-22, steppedterrace,layer 4): 86%burnedGreek votives, Roman:one wheel-ridgedcoarsesherd, three cookingincludingtwo late Roman rims, one phiale rim. Lot 1945 (well 61-11, upper dumpedfilling):ca. 40%Archaicto Hellenistic, remainderof pottery Roman, little 1st centuryafter Christ, mostly 3rd and 4th centuries. 35 Lot 2151 (Building O-P:19-20, south of south wall, from top of wall to - 0.10 m.): 620 Greek to Hellenistic, 22 Roman including at least one 1st centuryafter Christ but mostly 3rd and 4th century.Lot 2240 (BuildingO-P: 19-20, fill overlyingfloor,from top of south wall): ca. 7% Roman from pie-crust thymiateriato C-65-638, a Phocaean Red Slip Ware dish (Corinth XVIII, ii, no. 120). Lot 2247 (N-0:19-20, surfaceto - 0.15/ - 0.20 m.): 7.5%Roman, probablyall 4th century,no Hellenistic. 36 Lot 882 (Q:24-25, surface layer):ca. 18%Greek sherds,remainderRoman from mid-lst centuryafter Christ to secondhalf of 4th century. 37 Lot 2164 (Q:23, cutting in bedrock): ca. 75%Greek, remainderRoman from 1st centuryafter Christ to 3rd century.Lot 2239 (Building O-P:19-20, robbing trench over west wall; may also include part of foundation fill): ca. 83% Greek to Hellenistic, remainderRoman from 1st centuryafter Christ to at least 3rd century.Lot 6642 (Building S-T:16-17, robbingtrenchof wall 205): 67%Greek, remainderRoman of 2nd or 3rd century. 38 Lot 3215 (Building O-P:19-20, south of eastern end of north wall, stratum II): 221 Archaic to Hellenistic sherds and 677. Lot 6191 (Building O-P:19-20, foundation trench of west wall): 11 Classical and Hellenistic (latest: rolled-rim plate, figured moldmaderelief bowl) and 676 (two non-joiningfragments).
192
date for the contexts, but it is not clear which of these interpretations is correct. One should note, however, that four other strata which abut the west end of the north wall and the west wall of Building O-P: 19-20 contain among a handful of sherds one or two of Roman date.39 On the whole, the stratigraphic evidence suggests that this group of phialai is Roman in date, probably of the 4th century after Christ, but arguments in favor of a late Hellenistic date may be advanced. The strongest evidence is that of parallels. From elsewhere in the Corinth excavations a single possible parallel has been found. C-1981-160 with oblique wall and broad rim may be a phiale; it is a thin-walled vessel of fine orange Corinthian fabric, and the thin lime slip with which it is covered suggests a ritual use. The fabric can only be paralleled among Corinthian pottery of Greek times, but its context was disturbed: a late 3rd- to first half of 2nd-century B.C. fill which contained a few sherds of lst-, 3rd-, and 12th-century date. More convincing parallels are two mesomphalic phialai of closely related form and of a size comparable to 680, from Morgantina in Sicily.40 Unfortunately their contexts (2nd century B.C. to third quarter of the 1st century B.C.) fall primarily in the period when Corinth itself was abandoned after the Mummian destruction of 146 B.C., but a date before 146 B.C. or after 44 B.C. should be considered for the Corinthian phialai. Of the two, a date before 146 B.C. seems more likely because the well-documented series of Classical phialai from the sanctuary stops abruptly in the 3rd century B.C., as shown above. It is possible on the basis of the phialai from Roman contexts in the Sanctuary of Demeter to construct a typological development originating with the 3rd-century B.C. phialai, which are the latest of the documented Classical series. There is no question that 675 is the direct successor of the earlier phialai. It has a slightly gritty buff fabric and a vertical wall with a narrow rim, which are continuations of features already observed in the early 3rd-century phialai. 678, of slightly gritty orange fabric, is a larger example with more evenly curving wall and wider rim. 679 is a thicker version of the same fabric as 678; here the continuous curve of the interior profile is retained, but the exterior profile has acquired a slight break in its upper part. 680 shows that the same profile exists in the coarse fabric which is normal for the group, but the profile with a slight carination in the upper wall on both interior and exterior (like 681) is more common. Such a typological development may seem somewhat forced. The best alternative would be to accept the stratigraphic evidence and assign these phialai to the 3rd and 4th centuries after Christ. The single example of a phiale intervening between the 3rd century B.C. and the 3rd century after Christ would then be C-73-177 (Corinth XVIII, ii, no. 141) of the middle of the 1st century after Christ.41 675. Phiale rim Fig. 38 Lot 2169:1. R:17-18, pit D (secondhalf of the 4th century after Christ). Corinthian, buff to orange, with a few large bits of lime. 676. Phiale, rim and omphalosfragments Fig. 38 Lot 6191:1 a, b. Building O-P:19-20, foundation trench of west wall (late 3rd or 2nd century B.c., this piece possibly Roman). Mended rim and non-joining omphalos. Est. D. rim 0.240 m. Coarse Corinthian, orange;very worn. 677. Phiale rim? Fig. 38 Lot 3215:1. Building O-P: 19-20, south of easternend of north wall, stratum II (late 3rd or 2nd centuryB.C., this sherd possibly Roman). Corinthian coarse or cooking,red.
rim of 3rd-century(after Christ) type; lot 5618 has severalpieces of 39 Lots 3209-3211, 5618; lot 3211 containsa pedestal-krater the first half of the 1st centuryafter Christ. 40 I thank Shelley C. Stone, III for providinga photographand drawingof 80-629, for informationon the contextsof 80-629 and 80-630, and for permissionto refer to them here. 41 The possibilityof an early Roman date for the phialai was raisedin connection with the parallelsfrom Morgantina.In this case the stratigraphicevidenceremains as unhelpful as for a late Hellenistic date (except that one might give more emphasis to the evidence of lot 2247 in footnote35 above, p. 191.) The putativetypologicaldevelopmentwill not stand becausethe evidenceis not sufficient to argue continuity of tradition across the period of abandonment.The gap in use of phialai in the sanctuary would still remain, unless one arbitrarilyassigned675 (and 678?) to it. Furthermoreit is difficultto place the phialai in the 75-year periodafter 44 B.C.becauseso little ceramicmaterialwhich is certainlyof this time is found in the sanctuary.But the Morgantinaparallels lose
their force if the Corinthian phialai belong to the second or third quarter of the 1st century after Christ, when there is an upsurge in the amount of Roman pottery in the sanctuary.
POST-CLASSICAL PHIALAI
193
676b
D 0.416
675
676a
677
__
680c
678
680a
679a
FIG.38. Phialai
681
Probablephiale Fig. 38 C-64-468. Q-S:17-20, surface to bedrock;lot 2107. Single fragment with profile from base to rim. H. 0.030, est. D. base 0.050, est. D. rim 0.180 m. Corinthian, pale orange;self-slip. Phiale with flat base and flaring wall, which is nearly verticalbelow a wide evertedrim. Edge of omphalospossibly preservedin central interior;possibly two concentric grooveson floor. Comparisonwith 680 and 681 suggeststhat this phiale had a hemisphericalomphalos. 679. Phiale rim Fig. 38 Lot 6642:1 a, b. Building S-T:16-17, robbingtrench of wall 205, destructiondebris (latest piece early 3rd
678.
centuryafterChrist). ProbablyCorinthiancoarsewith very fine inclusions:very pale brown (10YR 7/3) with light-redcore (2.5YR 6/6). 680. Phiale Fig. 38
C-61-485a-c. a, c) Q:19, well 61-11, upper dumped filling;lot 1945 (secondhalf of 4th centuryafter Christ with a few later Roman to modern). b) Q-S:17-20, surface to bedrock;lot 2107. Three non-joiningfragments allow reconstructionof profile. Est. H. 0.049, D. edge of base 0.052, est. D. rim 0.290 m. Not Corinthian(?): hard fabric with tiny calcareous, white, orange and black inclusions; fired reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) at core and surfaceand reddishbrown between (5YR 5/4). Single drop of red glaze on interior.
194
CATALOGUE II: FABRIC AND DECORATION century after Christ). Single fragment preserves almost complete profile. H. 0.024, est. D. edge of base 0.036, est. D. rim 0.199 m. Coarse Corinthian, light orange;buff self-slip. Shape as 680, but the edge of the wall projectsslightly into the hollow centerof the omphalosand is slightly flattened to form a base, and the angular carinationappears in both interiorand exteriorprofiles.
Phiale with sloping floor, angular carinationon exterior to low upper wall and broad everted rim; large hollow omphalos in center of floor strongly marked off by a grooveat its base. Traces of a grooveon the outer edge of the rim. Finish of exterior and of omphalosrough. 681. Fig. 38 C-65-639. Building O-P:19-20, fill overlying floor, from top of south wall; lot 2240 (secondhalf of the 4th Phiale
CONCORDANCE
AND INDEXES
CONCORDANCE OF POTTERY
Numbers in roman type are from the Demeter Sanctuary.Numbers in italic type are from elsewhere in Corinth. KN, KP, and KT numbersare from the Potters'Quarter.T numbersare fromthe North Cemetery.Lottedsherdsfromthe Demeter Sanctuaryare listed last. Bold numbersin parenthesesindicatereferencesto catalogueentries.
Inv. No.
C-28-70 C-28-104
C-28-105
TextReferenceFindspot
(497)
1215, 2563 1215, 2563 1215, 2563
1215, 2563 1215, 2563 1215, 2563
C-35-27
C-35-114
(211)
44145 Well 1935-4
C-28-106 C-28-107
C-28-108 C-28-109 C-28-110
C-35-335 C-35-557 C-35-640

C-35-645 C-35-962
76 (647) 72
44145
Well 1935-7
Well 1935-4 Well 1935-4 Well 1935-4
44145
C-35-978
C-35-984
(459)
44145
2462
C-30-47 C-31-41 C-31-129 C-31-136 C-31-186

C-31-201
(382)
14
C-36-743 C-36-836 C-36-986 Well 1931-7 Well 1931-7 Well 1931-7

Well 1931-8
(413) 1298, 13414 (659) 1729

3799
Well 1936-1? Well 1936-3 Drain 1937-1 Drain 1937-1 Drain 1937-1 Drain 1937-1
Well 1937-1
1830,(78) (5) 76
42127
C-31-206 C-31-235 C-31-446 C-31-479 C-33-102

C-34-21
(434) (388) 76254,(661) (461) (461)

42128
Well 1931-8 Well 1931-8 Well 1931-14
C-37-167 C-37-188 C-37-196 C-37-257

C-37-422
2354 (298)
38103
Fill 1934-1
C-34-25
C-34-36
75
58194, (178)
Well 1934-3
Fill 1934-1
C-34-37 C-34-362 C-34-928 C-34-929 C-34-931 C-34-935

C-34-1159 C-34-1162
(187)
1298,11,
(292)
(382) 68, (639) 77

1836
Fill 1934-1 Well 1934-10 Well 1934-10 Well 1934-10 Well 1934-10 Well 1934-10
Well 1934-10 Well 1934-10
C-37-439 C-37-525 C-37-547 C-37-550 C-37-558 C-37-567 C-37-569 C-37-582 C-37-590 C-37-981 C-37-1037
C-37-1059
(301) (61) 73 73 72 72 72 3079,(80) (3) 10o (292)

1011
Well 1937-1 Well 1937-1 Well 1937-1 Well 1937-1 Drain 1937-1 Drain 1937-1 Drain 1937-1 Drain 1937-1 Well 1937-2 Well 1937-3 Well 1937-3
Well 1937-3
3383 3383
C-37-1569 C-37-2058 C-37-2059 C-37-2076

C-37-2493 C-37-2502
(461) 72 72 76
317 1830, (78)
C-34-1173 C-34-1613 C-34-1645

C-34-2516
2352 74 (388)
3381
Well 1934-10 Well 1934-5 Well 1934-5

Grave 1934-11
C-37-2508 C-37-2517
73 18
Well 1937-3 Well 1937-3 Well 1937-3 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1
198 C-37-2536 C-37-2537 C-37-2546 C-37-2548 C-37-2549 C-37-2550 C-37-2551 C-3 7-2553 C-37-2554 C-37-2584 42123
42123 44143
CONCORDANCE OF POTTERY Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 C-47-813 49160 Well 1947-3
C-47-822 C-47-826
C-47-853
41 74
63206, (479) 3079
Well 1947-3 Well 1947-3

Well 1947-3
38104 38104 38104 38104 38104 38104 47158
C-47-858 a, b C-47-859 C-47-870 C-47-871 C-47-889

C-47-899
3079 75, (153) 1729 (112)

55183, (199)
Well 1947-2 Well 1947-2 Well 1947-2 Well 1947-2 Well 1947-2
Well 1933-3
C-37-2589 C-3 7-2648 C-38-699 C-39-2 C-39-23 C-39-56C-39-79
(449) 24 (461) (1) (22)

37100
Pit 1937-1 Pit 1937-1
C-48-12 C-48-35 C-48-53

C-48-101
56 (647)
50164, (177)
Well 1948-4 Well 1948-4 Well111948-2

Well 1948-3
49160
Well 1939-1
Well 1939-1
C-48-119 C-48-177 C-50-17 C-50-67

C-53-134
66217 (676) 76,(664) (323)

74241
Well 1948-3
C-39-193 C-39-226 C-39-227 C-39-275 C-40-36

C-40-67
(414) 3383 3383 73 (664)

1836
Well 1939-1 Well 1939-1 Well 1939-1 Well 1939-1
Well 1953-1
Well 1940-6
C-53-137 C-53-156 C-53-157 C-53-160

C-53-209
(23) (24) (414) (24)

3381

Well 1953-1
C-40-128 C-40-390 C-40-415 C-40-433

C-46-15
(4) (77) 18 52, (188)

44145

Well 1946-1
C-53-225 C-53-248 C-53-268 C-53-269 C-53-273 C-60-60
(414) (136) (658) 68, (640) (378) 74

42122
Well 1953-1 Well 1953-2 Well 1953-2 Well 1953-2 Well 1953-2 Well 1960-4
C-46-38 C-47-62 C-47-88 C-47-107 C-47-130 C-47-131 C-47-228

C-47-235
(657) (435) (436) (187) 18-19 18 54

42128
Well 1946-1 Well 1938-1 Well 1933-2 Well 1933-1 Well 1938-1 Well 1938-1 Well 1934-5
Well 1934-5 C-60-65 C-60-68 Well 1960-4 55182, (98, 200) Well 1960-4 57190
3592
C-60-125C-60-127 C-60-227 Grave 1960-11 Grave 1960-7
C-60-228
C-60-264
55
63209
Grave 1960-7
Well 1960-6
C-47-242 C-47-256
C-47-264
(641) (645)
41121
Well 1934-5 Well 1934-5 Well 1935-3 Well 1936-13 Well 1936-13
Well 1947-5
C-60-288 C-61-154 C-61-156 C-61-162 C-61-165 C-61-166 C-61-167 C-61-168
72 388 543 538 550 55;25 271 475; 17, 53
Well 1960-6
C-47-272 C-47-357 C-47-399

C-47-443
(435) (437) (641)

42122
C-47-750 C-47- 786
1832 (663)
Well 1947-5 Well 1947-4
199
C-61-175 C-61-176 C-61-180 C-61-183 C-61-186 C-61-189 C-61-190 C-61-191 C-61-193 C-61-202 C-61-203 C-61-204 C-61-206 C-61-207 C-61-208 C-61-209 C-61-210 C-61-211 C-61-213 C-61-214 C-61-215 C-61-219 C-61-220 C-61-226 C-61-227 C-61-228 C-61-229 C-61-235 C-61-236a C-61-236b C-61-236 c C-61-236d C-61-236 e C-61-238 C-61-240 C-61-241 C-61-242 C-61-245 C-61-246 C-61-247 C-61-256 C-61-259 C-61-260 C-61-262 C-61-273 C-61-277 C-61-279 C-61-280 C-61-281
C-61-284
203 257 551; 25 562 (615) 578; 65 627; 106 579; 65 508; 65 278; 12 501; 12 (139) 116 150 122; 38 114; 26, 41 139 137; 39 124; 41-42 135; 55 128; 45 548 (502) 63 61; 30, 143 334; 1419 554; 25 243 365c 365b 365d 365e 365f 518 254 283; 50 524 536 535; 23, (115) 522 500; 12 566 565 273 264 517 217; 22 (611) 545
632; 1418
C-61-286 C-61-287 C-61-298 C-61-299 C-61-300 C-61-304 C-61-305 C-61-308 C-61-309 C-61-310 C-61-311 C-61-312 C-61-313 C-61-374 C-61-376 C-61-377 C-61-378 C-61-379 C-61-381 C-61-382 C-61-383 C-61-384 C-61-385 C-61-386 C-61-387 C-61-388 C-61-389 C-61-390 C-61-391 C-61-392 C-61-393 C-61-394 C-61-395 C-61-396 C-61-397 C-61-399 C-61-400 C-61-401 C-61-403 C-61-404 C-61-405 C-61-406 C-61-407 C-61-408 C-61-412 C-61-414 C-61-415 C-61-416 C-61-417 C-61-418
516; 17 590; 65 544 549 534 527 553; 25 (419) 418; 33 (419) 419; 33 (419) (419) 119; 34, (175) (142) 143; 24 (145) 141;24 129; 47 133; 48 130; 48 126; 42 151; 67,72 153; 75 71 62; 39, 41, 65, (575) 72 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 305 504; 12 476; 17,53,54 546; 24 547; 24 470; 50 577; 65 410 563 484 580;65 205; 13 381; 14,67 426; 33 118; 34 117; 33,34, (173)
200
C-61-421 C-61-422 C-61-423 C-61-424 C-61-425 C-61-426 C-61-427 C-61-428 C-61-429 C-61-430 C-61-432 C-61-433 C-61-434 C-61-435 C-61-436 C-61-437 C-61-438 C-61-439 C-61-440 C-61-441 C-61-442 C-61-443 C-61-444 C-61-445 C-61-446 C-61-447 C-61-450 C-61-451 C-61-459 C-61-460 C-61-461 C-61-462 C-61-463 C-61-464 C-61-465 C-61-467 C-61-468 C-61-469 C-61-470 C-61-471 C-61-472 C-61-473 C-61-474 C-61-475 a C-61-475b C-61-475 c C-61-475 d C-61-475 e C-61-476 C-61-478
123; 38 140 125; 41-42 132; 48, 49 131; 48, 49 115 113; 26, (403) 389; 18 385; 17, 1831,(78) 586; 65 649; 73 146; 24 (143) (145) 147; 24 (143) (149) (149) 148; 24 142; 24 145;24 (149) (144) 144; 24 149; 24 138; 12, (504) 127; 45 136; 39 341; 17,18 279; 17 380; 14 354a,b 226 312 542; 23 121; 37,38 (121) 134; 55 120; 34,36 373;9 (410) 394; 26 331b 298c 298e 298b 298a 298d 369 74; 143
C-61-480a C-61-480b C-61-480c C-61-480d C-61-480e C-61-485 C-61-488 C-61-489

C-61-490
330d 330e 330c 330a 330b 680; 2,34 630 637

634; 1418
C-61-491 C-61-492 C-62-254 C-62-255 C-62-256 C-62-257 C-62-258 C-62-259 C-62-260 C-62-261 C-62-262 C-62-264 C-62-265 C-62-271 C-62-272 C-62-275 C-62-277 C-62-278 C-62-279 C-62-283 C-62-284 C-62-293 C-62-294 C-62-295 C-62-296 C-62-301 C-62-304 C-62-305 C-62-306 C-62-307 C-62-317 C-62-321 C-62-322 C-62-325 C-62-337 C-62-338 C-62-339 C-62-340 C-62-342 C-62-344
648; 65, 72 152 588; 65 539 525 605; 22 623 569; 65 596 595 559; 25 591; 65 568 626 27; (255) (664) 672; 75, 77 378; 10 669 (626) (620) 587; 65 583 585; 65 581 317 223 635 552; 25 256 505; 12 365a 344; 30 593 81; (410) 105; 24 103; 24 102; 24 88; 41 101; 24
201
C-62-345
C-62-346
1724 1724
C-62-347 C-62-348 C-62-350 C-62-351 C-62-352 C-62-353 C-62-354 C-62-356 C-62-357 C-62-358 C-62-362 C-62-363 C-62-364 C-62-365 C-62-367 C-62-368 C-62-370 C-62-371 C-62-372 C-62-373 C-62-374 C-62-505 C-62-582 C-62-618 C-62-645
C-62-651 C-62-652 C-62-653 C-62-654 C-62-655
107 520 556; 24 584; 65 589; 65 416; 33 628 417; 33 (415) (415) 663; 76 322 230 234; 31 221a 221b 262 225 247 662; 76 414; 31 (413) 105 2248 105
68221 68221 68221 68221 68221

Well Well Well Well Well 1962-5 1962-5 1962-5 1962-5 1962-5
C-62-673 C-62-674 C-62-675 C-62-685 C-62-692 C-62-696 C-62-699 C-62-700 C-62-706 C-62-713 C-62-716 C-62-720 C-62-722 C-62-723 C-62-730 C-62-731 C-62-733 C-62-738
105 105 105 560; 25 233 486 555; 25 558; 25 529 530 415; 33 490; 58 272 528 235; 33 216; 22 222 420; 33
Well 1962-5 Well 1962-5 Well 1962-5
540 661a, b; 76 249 519 270 210; 17 239; 50 23 22 31 28 32; (532) 29 25; 33 26a; 50,111, (241) 30 443; 39 401 533; 22 515; 17 488 487; 57 421; 33 482 445 611; 22 629 509; 65 510; 65 513 265 567 575; 65 268 523 526 564 592 573; 65 604; 22 537; 22 618; 22 532;(32) 531 541; 24 643; 68 221c 320 574; 65 511; 65
202
C-62-852 C-62-854 C-62-864 C-62-872 C-62-874 C-62-880 C-62-938 C-62-939 C-62-940 C-62-943 C-62-944 C-62-945 C-62-946 C-62-947 C-62-948 C-63-654 C-63-662 C-63-737 C-63-742 C-64-35 C-64-37 C-64-44 C-64-45 C-64-47 C-64-48 C-64-59 C-64-60 C-64-61 C-64-65 C-64-66 C-64-69 C-64-75 C-64-76 C-64-77 C-64-91 C-64- 145 C-64-146 C-64-162 C-64-176 C-64-177 C-64-186 C-64-188 C-64-191 C-64-192 C-64-196 C-64-197 C-64-199 C-64-200
315; 28 (596) 561 229 391 616; 22 213; 17 236; 39 220 302 331a 601 206; 13 228 24 66217 66217 (198) (437) 316 458; 46 424; 33 576; 65 512; 65 582 258 664; 76 250 374; 10 (596) 364; 31 309 514 571 600 1213 1213 126 126, (283) (277) 617; 22 290 570; 65 358 269 308 614; 22 612; 22 Grave 1963-9 Grave 1963-8
Water-channel 1964-1 Water-channel1964-1 Water-channel1964-1 Water-channel 1964-1 Water-channel1964-1
C-64-201 C-64-207 C-64-208 C-64-213 C-64-216 C-64-217 C-64-219 C-64-221 C-64-222 C-64-223 C-64-224 C-64-225 C-64-226 a C-64-226 b+l C-64-226 c C-64-226 d C-64-226 e C-64-226 f C-64-226 g C-64-226 h C-64-226j C-64-225 k C-64-226 m C-64-226 n C-64-259 C-64-278 C-64-312 C-64-396 C-64-397 C-64-399 C-64-398 C-64-400 C-64-401 C-64-402 C-64-404 C-64-405 C-64-407 C-64-408
C-64-409
613; 22 356 296; 50 370; 178 211; 17 483 295; 50 671; 77 631; 68 215 333; 61 297; 50 287h; 13-14, 3078 287b; 13-14, 3078 287m; 13-14, 3078 287i; 13-14, 3078 287e; 13-14, 3078 287f; 13-14, 3078 2871;13-14, 3078 287j; 13-14, 3078 287d;13-14,3078 287g; 13-14, 3078 287k; 13-14, 3078 287c; 13-14, 3078 3078 Water-channel1964-1 2351 Water-channel1964-1 329 285; 57, 58 395; 26 340 136 1298 313; 28 423; 33 242 503; 12 280; 33 259; 179
366a, c; 53
C-64-410 C-64-411 C-64-414 C-64-417 C-64-418 C-64-420 C-64-421 C-64-422 C-64-423 C-64-424 C-64-429
379; 13 209; 13 246 1298 366b; 53 95; 47 83; 34, 36 624;(261) 82; 31 251 489
203
C-64-430 C-64-431 C-64-432 C-64-433 C-64-434 C-64-435 C-64-436 C-64-437 C-64-438 C-64-439 C-64-440 C-64-442 C-64-446 C-64-447 C-64-467 C-64-468 C-64-470 C-64-471 C-64-472 C-64-473 C-64-474 C-64-475 C-64-476 C-64-477 C-64-478 C-65-30 C-65-31 C-65-32 a C-65-32 b C-65-33 C-65-34 C-65-36 C-65-38 C-65-41 C-65-42 C-65-117 C-65-118 C-65-119 C-65-120 C-65-121 C-65-122 C-65-123 C-65-124 C-65-125 C-65-126 C-65-127 C-65-128 C-65-167 C-65-168
207 639; 68 674 109; 74 110; 75 112 108; 68 98; 17, 55, (200) 325 347; 30 357 307 377; 10 491; 60, 61 375; 10 678; 2, 34 (267) 661c 661h 670; 76 668; 77 642; 68 275; 17 359 339 599 (615) 608; 22 (608) 615; 22 620 610; 22 261; (297), 179, (625) 46; 52 45; 138 43;30 (43) 40 42 41 37; 22, 23, 24 36; 22,23,24 35;22,23,24 44; (51) 33; 17 34; 17 48; 65 1298 603; 22
C-65-169 C-65-170 C-65-171 C-65-172 C-65-173 C-65-174 C-65-175 C-65-291 a C-65-291 c C-65-292 C-65-293 C-65-294 C-65-297 C-65-303 C-65-307 C-65-309 C-65-312 C-65-313 C-65-314 C-65-315 C-65-316
C-65-318
390; 18 607; 22 413; 31 52; 65 54; 39, 41, 65, (575) 50 625 292b; 26 292c; 26 437; 36 497 159 644; 68 462; 4, 46 521; 22, 179 478; 17, 53, 54 327 371 10727 397; 26 10727
10727
C-65-319 C-65-320
C-65-321
472; 4, 50 199
10727
C-65-322 C-65-323 C-65-324

C-65-377
107 107 667; 77

63209, (454) Well 1965-3
C-65-387 C-65-400 C-65-410 C-65-412 C-65-414 C-65-417 C-65-419 C-65-421 C-65-422 C-65-423 C-65-424 C-65-427 C-65-429 C-65-432 C-65-434 C-65-438 C-65-439 C-65-440 C-65-441 C-65-442
3487 Well 1965-3 Well 1965-3 (645) 474; 54 351 324 360b;30 314; 28 440 425; 33 346; 30 362 284 289b 289a 291 655; 74 363a;31 294a 282 237; 39, 18331
204 C-65-444 C-65-445 C-65-446 C-65-447 C-65-448 C-65-449 C-65-450 C-65-451 C-65-452 C-65-453 C-65-457 C-65-458 C-65-459 C-65-460 C-65-465 C-65-469 C-65-472 C-65-473 C-65-474 C-65-475 C-65-476 C-65-477 C-65-481 C-65-486 C-65-487 C-65-488 C-65-489 C-65-490 C-65-491 C-65-492 C-65-493 C-65-494 C-65-496 C-65-498 C-65-499 C-65-500 C-65-501 C-65-506 C-65-507 C-65-509 C-65-511 C-65-512 C-65-514 C-65-516 C-65-517 C-65-518 C-65-519 C-65-520 C-65-521 C-65-522 a 319; 31 204; 13 218; 22 219; 22 306; 77 241; 50 293 208 321 318; 31 232 266 224 267 496 609; 22 244; 50 469 652; 73 647; 67, 72 386; 17 248 80; 1317, 30 191; 4, 9 452; 43 447; 41 202; 41, 58 197; 52 287a;13-14,3078 263 572 1262 360a;30 435; 36 276; 17 47; 12, (501) 274 294b 281; 33,134 26b; 50, 111, (241) 499 252 196 96; 53 78; 17, 1831, (385) 346b;30 260 227 136 300a
CONCORDANCE OF POTTERY C-65-522 b C-65-522 c C-65-523 C-65-525 C-65-526 C-65-529 C-65-530 C-65-531 C-65-532 C-65-533 C-65-535 C-65-537 C-65-538 C-65-539 C-65-540 C-65-541 C-65-543 C-65-545 C-65-546 C-65-547 C-65-548 C-65-549 C-65-550 C-65-551 C-65-552 C-65-554 C-65-555 C-65-556 C-65-557 C-65-558 C-65-559 C-65-560 C-65-563 C-65-564 C-65-565 C-65-566 C-65-567 C-65-568 C-65-569 C-65-576 C-65-577 C-65-579 C-65-580 C-65-581 C-65-582 C-65-583 C-65-584 C-65-585 C-65-586 C-65-587 300c 300b 299 454; 43 231 cistern 1965-1 393; 19 74 657; 656; 74 645 646; 67, 72 84; 34, 36 97; 17, 53,54 92; 45 87; 38 94; 47 136 598 328a; 58 99; 12, (138,163) 111; 75 602 79 85; 38 86; 38 89; 41 93; 45 90; 43 91; 43 76 77;(387) 104; 24 106; 24 192; 13,111 200; 17, (90) 194; 46 198; 52 201; 56 195; 49 606; 22 641; 68 506; 12 507; 12,25 38 39 51 55 56 58 57 59
205
60 53; 65 100;24,(545) 162; 48-49 157; 26,41 166;(140) 167;(140) 168; 24 169;24 171;24 170;24 163; 12 164; 12 165; 12 154; 18 155; 18 161; 45 158; 30 160; 42 156; 18,19 473; 4,50,52 492; 60 348; 30 349; 30 363b;31 343 352 399; 26, (454) 398; 26 400; 26, (454) 453; 43 436; 36 494; 60 434; 36,65 404; 26,28,41 448; 42 479 477; 17,53,54 19135 681;2,34 636 459 460; 46 461; 46 463; 4,46 498;(437) 661d 49; 69, 73 172; 73 75; 14,67
C-65-653 C-65-654 C-65-656

C-66-175
(495) 345;30 495; 60

63209
Well 1965-3
C-66-222 C-67-136
C-67-161 C-68-58
56 (674)
72230 2246
Well 1965-3
C-68-120 C-68-159 C-68-160 C-68-198 C-68-200 C-68-201 C-68-218 C-68-244 C-68-280 C-68-304 C-68-305 C-68-331 C-68-339 C-68-349 C-68-350 C-69-79 C-69-102 C-69-103 C-69-180 C-69-182 C-69-184 C-69-185
C-69-186
68 619 10727 253 497 342; 26 245 73; 143 193 658; 75 597 1298 353 (619) 665; 76 654 72 594; 66 292; 26 292; 26 361; 31 238; 50
387;43134, (77)
C-69-253 C-69-262 C-69-263 C-69-264 C-69-265

C-69-266 C-69-267
650; 73 412; 30 446; 41 439; 37 466; 47, 48

455;43134, 45 (441), 43134
C-69-268 C-69-269 C-69-270 C-69-271 C-69-297 C-69-298 C-69-299 a C-69-299b
450; 43 451; 43 402 441; 38 464; 37, 47, 48 651; 73 288b; 37 288a;37
206
C-69-299 c C-69-299 d
C-69-301
288d; 37 288c; 37
54177
C-69-302 C-69-313 C-69-314 C-69-315 C-69-320 C-70-2 C-70-3 C-70-203 C-70-204 a C-70-204 b C-70-205 C-70-206 C-70-212 C-70-213 C-70-214 C-70-237 C-70-352 C-70-366 C-70-367 C-70-368 C-70-369 C-70-392 C-70-393 C-70-477 C-70-478 C-70-479 C-70-480 C-70-481 C-70-482 C-70-483 C-70-484 C-70-485 C-70-486 C-70-487 C-70-488 C-70-489 C-70-490 C-70-491 C-70-492 C-70-493 C-70-494 C-70-495 C-70-496 C-70-497 C-70-498 C-70-499
311 481 382; 14, 67 666; 76, 77 493; 60 (21) 20; 20, 25 277; 17 304b 304a 471; 50 396; 26 182; 12,(378, 506) 183; 12, (378, 506) 184; 12, (378, 506) 485 372 405; 2, 28 350 338 337 438; 37 384 (5) 8; 26 1; 17 2; 17 18; 20, 22 19; 20, 22 15; 20 (10) 9; 20 10; 20 (10) (12) 14; 20 11; 20 (15) (11) (16) (13) (15) 17; 20 (12) (12) (16)
C-70-500 C-70-501 C-70-502 C-70-503 C-70-504 C-70-505 C-70-506 C-70-507 C-70-508 C-70-509 C-70-510 C-70-511 C-70-512 C-70-513 C-70-514 C-70-515 C-70-516 C-70-517 C-70-518 C-70-519 C-70-520 C-70-521 C-70-522 C-70-523 C-70-524 C-70-525 C-70-526 C-70-563 C-70-564 C-70-565 C-70-566 C-70-567 C-70-568 C-70-596 C-70-597 C-70-598 C-70-599 C-70-600 C-71-3 C-71-15 C-71-46 C-71-48 C-71-50 C-71-51 C-71-52 C-71-53
C-71-73
16; 20 12; 20 13; 20 (10) (14) (9) (14) (15) (15) (13) (13) (14) (12) (15) (14) (21) (21) 21; 20, 25 177; 50 178; 58 176; 49 4; 26 3; 26 6; 26 5; 26 7; 26 (7) 173; 34, (117) 174; 34 175; 33, 34, (119) 179; 1215,41, 58 180; 1215,41, 58 181; 1215,41, 58 673; 75 406; 2, 28 407; 2, 28 409; 2, 28 408; 2, 28
44142
73 43, (90) (659) 41 42 41 41

47157
Well 1971-1 Well 1971-1 Drain 1971-1 Drain 1971-1 Drain 1971-1 Drain 1971-1 Drain 1971-1 Drain 1971-1
Drain 1971-1
C- 7- 75 C-71-87
2460 (410)
Drain 1971-1
207
C-71-88
C-71-89
653; 73
37102 3799 38104 Drain 1971-1
C-71-92
C-71-95
Drain 1971-1
Drain 1971-1
C-71-97 C-71-105
C-71-108
44 (410)
38104
Drain 1971-1 Drain 1971-1

Drain 1971-1
C-71-115 C-71-116 C-71-136 C-71-137 C-71-170 C-71-171 C-71-173 C-71-174 C-71-175 C-71-176 C-71-177 C-71-178 C-71-180 C-71-181
C-71-191 C-71-194
74 74 449; 42 456; 45, 73 480 403 660 467; 48 411 185; 41 188; 52 189; 52 190; 73 186; 42
58192, 1265 317
C-72-210 431; 33 C-72-211 432; 33, (117,118) C-72-212 1298 C-72-215 392; 18 C-72-216 (441) C-72-217 (410) C-72-218 (410) C-72-219 442; 38 C-72-220 457; 45 C-72-221 (464) C-72-222 (457) C-72-241 a+c 328c; 58 C-72-241 b 328d; 58 C-72-241 d 328b; 58 C-72-241 e 328e; 58 C-72-244 240; 50
C-72-245 433; 3592, 36
C-72-246 C-72-254 C-72-269 C-72-282 C-73-25 C-73-28

C-73-58
136 289c 355 76254 376; 10 286

633; 1418,67
C-71-201 C-71-238 C-71-259 C-71-266

C-71-273 C-71-357
335 368 (339) 42

44,44140,
53175
144
Drain 1971-1
C-71-521
C-71-522
18
63209, (480)
Drain 1971-1
Drain 1971-1
C-71-525 C-71-541 C-71-569 C-71-570 C-77-581 C-71-583 C-71-585 C-72-53 C-72-56 C-72-86 C-72-87 C-72-88 C-72-89 C-72-120 C-72- 121 C-72-149 C-72-195 C-72-196
75 72 212; 17 1298 (339) 106 187; 43 468; 49 621 428; 33 429; 33 427; 33 430; 33 72, (151) (75) (244) 640; 68 214
C-73-59 C-73-99 C-73-177 C-73-186 C-73-191 C-73-259 C-73-260

C-73-301
332 301; 30 19132,192 (564) (458) 326; 53 310

3488
Pit 1972-1 Pit 1972-1
C-73-302 C-73-305 C-73-306 C-73-307 C-73-316 C-73-320 C-73-327 C-73-328 C-73-355 C-73-356 C-73-357 C-73-358 C-73-359 C-73-360
C-74-115
622 383; 14,67 367; 53 659; 75 465; 47,48 502; 12 303a 303b 354c 336 255 638 422; 33 323
63208
208 C-75-91 63209
CONCORDANCE OF POTTERY Well 1975-4 KP549 KP671 KP 700 KP 703 3382 63209 63209 3386
C-75-156 C-75- 157 C-75-161

C- 75-162 C-75-167
2461 2461 3384

3384, 85 58195
Well 1975-4 Well 1975-4 Well 1975-4

Well 1975-4 Well 1975-4
C- 75-168 C-75-171 C-75-172

C- 75- 73 C-75-175 C-75-177
2669 42 42
42126 44, 44140 58195
Well 1975-4 Well 1975-4 Well 1975-4

Well 1975-4 Well 1975-4 Well 1975-4
KP1170 KP 1329 KP 2424 KP2429

KP2702
(283) 23 (275) (275)

3592
C- 75-183
C-75-222
1010
63210
Well 1975-4
C-75-281 C-75-285 C-75-301 C-75-302

C-75-303
444; 39 2873,(157, 404) Well 1975-5 75 Well 1975-4 Well 1975-4 72, (646)
42129 Well 1975-1
KT 3-4 KT 9-7 KT9-11 KT 9-25 KT9-32 KT 9-64 KV 3 72 KV373 KV 3 76 KV3 79 KV 551 KV 555 KV 627 KV 628 KV 642 KV 694 KV841
KV 914
(610) (622) (612) (618) (618) (620) 22 22 23 23 22 22 22 22 23 (293) 22

63208
C-75-306 C-75-320
76 661e-g
Pit 1975-1
C-1976-114 18, 19, (156) C-1976-152 (671) C-1976-198 (641) C-1976-279 a (379) C-1976-279 b (379) C-1978-255 (642) Cistern 1979-1
Cistern 1979-1
C-1979-115 3489
C-1979-116
KV 1257
23
C-1979-117 C-1979-140 73, (654) C-1979-145 38104 C-1979-243 (75) C-1980-137 C-1981-160
CP-989
3799, 38104 3799
Cistern 1979-1 Cistern 1979-1 Cistern 1979-1 Cistern 1979-1
(193) 192
13420
The following MF numbersare those either of pottery or of terracottas from the same or similar molds. MF 2524 (615) MF 3892 (612) MF 8343 (615)
MF 9500 68225, (631)
MF 12152 MF-69-65 MF- 72-20

T568 T569
(612) (616) (615)

37101 37101 Grave 321 Grave 321
CP- 1930 CP-2355

KN 162 KP213 KP237 KP 548
(461) (252)
77260, (667) 3592 63209 3382
T 1138
T 1159
(487)
58195
Grave258
Grave 491
T 1513
T 1557 T 1559
(624)
57190 57190
Grave 157
Grave 168 Grave 168
CONCORDANCE OF POTTERY T 1586 T 1640 T 1662 T 1665 T 1673 T 1713 T 1864 T 2369 T 2371 T 2484 T 2451 T 2453 T 2483 T2484 T2637 T2638 T2701 57190 (62)
63208
209 Grave 496
(40) 57189 (43) 57190

58195 58195
63209 2669 2669
Grave Grave Grave Grave Grave Grave Grave
(139)
63209
37101 37101 55186
157 344 336 265 271 296 225 Deposit 36 Deposit 36 Grave 457 Grave 444 Grave 444 Grave 457 Grave 457 Grave 429 Grave 429 Grave 495
T2716
55185
T 2804
T2871
(44)
3383
Grave 297
Grave 388
T 2902 T 2951 T 2980

T3025 T 3055
(567) (565) (484)

3698 57190
Grave 253 Grave 200 Grave 333

Grave 294 Grave 224
T 3201 T 3202
T 3241
(561) (500)
57190
Grave 160 Grave 160

Grave 159
Lot 2169:1 Lot 3215:1 Lot 6191:1 Lot 6642:1
675; 2, 34 677;2, 34 676; 2, 34 679; 2,34
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR FINDSPOTS AT CORINTH OUTSIDE THE SANCTUARY

NORTHCEMETERY: Corinth XIII
POTTERS' QUARTER: CorinthXV,
iii
OTHERCORINTH EXCAVATIONS:
Well 1931-7 Well 1931-8 Well 1931-14 Well 1933-1 Well 1933-2 Well 1933-3 Well 1934-3 Well 1934-5 Well 1934-10 Grave 1934-11 Fill 1934-1 Well 1935-3 Well 1935-4 Well 1935-7 Well 1936-1 Well 1936-3 Well 1936-13 Well 1937-1 Well 1937-2 Well 1937-3 Drain 1937-1 Pit 1937-1 Well 1938-1 Well 1939-1 Well 1940-1 Well 1946-2 Well 1940-6 Well 1946-1 Well 1947-2 Well 1947-3 Well 1947-4 Well 1947-5 Well 1948-2 Well 1948-3 Well 1948-4 Well 1953-1 Well 1953-2 Well 1960-4 Well 1960-6 Grave 1960-7
New Museum well X: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 41 New Museum well Z: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 42 Asklepieion,votivedepositV: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 20 South Stoa well II: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 95 South Stoa well V: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 98 South Stoa well VII: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 99 South Stoa well IV: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 97 South Stoa well X: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 102 Well at E-K:30-37: Pease, Hesperia 6, 1937, pp. 257-316; CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 10 Anaploga, East grave,aloni of Skliris:unpublished South Stoa, depositin shop I: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 94 South Stoa well XVI: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 108 Well in South Stoa terrace:unpublished St. John's well: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 14' Well at S:26-27 (V:20):unpublished South Basilicawell at IV-15: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 15 South Stoa well XX: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 111 Well at b-c:18-19: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 79 Well at Q:18 (T:17-18): AJA41, 1937, p. 547; Weinberg,CorinthVII, i, nos. 153-173 Well at I-J:24-25: Campbell,Hesperia7, 1938, pp. 557-611; CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 3 Drain at b-f:19-20: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 80 Pit at N-0:21-23: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 90 South Stoa well XXX: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 115 Museum West well at K:23:CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 8; CorinthVII, i, nos. 367, 372 New Museum East well A: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 36; Weinberg,Hesperia 17,1948, group E, pp. 229-235 New Museum East well F: Weinberg,group D, pp. 214-229 Tile Workswell A: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 27 South Stoa well XV: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 107 SoutheastBuildingwell at P:27:CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 81 SoutheastBuildingwell at N-20: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 46 SoutheastBuildingwell at 1:23:CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 2 South Stoa well XXVII: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 113 South Stoa well IX: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 101 South Stoa well XIX: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 110 South Stoa well XXII: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 112 Well at T-U:2: Brann,Hesperia 25,1956, pp. 350-374; CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 1 Well at NW cornerof Temple E: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 43 Well by excavationdump:CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 38 Baths of Aphroditewell II: CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 34 CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 58 Grave on roadto Acrocorinth:
1 The exact locationof and potteryfromwell 1935-7 are unclear.See the discussionin CorinthVII, iii, pp. 201-202 (deposit 14). C. K. Williams has suggestedthat C-35-637 to -644 ought to derive from this well.
212
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR FINDSPOTS AT CORINTH OUTSIDE THE SANCTUARY Grave 1960-11 Grave at Hexamilia: Lawrence,Hesperia 33,1964, graveE, pp. 94-101 Well 1962-5 Anaplogawell: Lawrence,CorinthVII, ii, pp. 61-167 Grave 1963-8 Anaplogacisternarea grave 1, upper burial:CorinthVII, iii, depositno. 65B; Pemberton,Hesperia 54,1985, pp. 298-299 Grave 1963-9 Anaplogacisternarea grave2: Pemberton,Hesperia 54, 1985, pp. 296-297 Water channel Vrysoula deposit:Pemberton,Hesperia 39, 1970, pp. 265-307 1964-1 Well 1965-3 Katsouliswell, manhole3: unpublished Grave 1968-1 Gravewest of Babbiusmonument:Williams, Hesperia 39,1970, pp. 16-20 Well 1971-1 South Stoa terrace,understylobate,northof pier 4: unpublished Drain 1971-1 Drain between Buildings I-II: Williams, Hesperia 41,1972, pp. 154-163 Pit 1972-1 Pit west of well room,Building III: Williams, Hesperia 42,1973, pp. 23-25 Well 1974-1 Well at SE cornerof grid 70:D: unpublished Well 1974-4 Votive "pit": Williams, Hesperia 45,1976, pp. 117-124 Well 1975-5 Well in Centaur Bath:ibid. p. 109, n. 7 Pit 1975-1 AmphoraPit: ibid. pp. 104-107 Cistern 1979-1 South Stoa, south of Suites XX and XXI: Williams, Hesperia49,1980, pp. 120-121
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS

The Lot List is a listing by Demeter iot numbers of all the vases from each lot published in this volume. Page references are listed in parentheses for any discussion of date or contents of a Lot, not easily retrievable by a specific catalogue entry or in the shape study discussion of an entry. The inventory numbers are followed by numbered sherds left in the Lot. Bold numbers in parentheses indicate references to catalogue entries. Lot 869 C-64-69 Lot 871 C-61-154 C-61-156 C-61-162 C-61-165 C-61-166 C-61-167 Lot 872 C-61-168 Lot 874 C-61-476 Lot 875 C-61-175 C-61-176 C-65-496 877:1 364 388 543 538 550 557 271 475 369 203 257 360
877:2-10
74
73239
Lot 878 (p. 24) C-61-190 C-61-191 C-61-193 C-61-202 C-61-203 C-61-399 C-61-400 C-61-401 C-61-403 C-61-404 C-61-405 C-61-406 C-61-471 C-61-472
Lot 880 (p. 73239)
627 579 508 278 501 504 476 546 547 470 577 410 373 410
Lot 877 (pp. 1831,73239, 74) 551 C-61-180 C-61-183 562 615 C-61-186 578 C-61-189 410 C-61-406 563 C-61-407 484 C-61-408 580 C-61-412 205 C-61-414 381 C-61-415 C-61-416 426 389 C-61-428 385 C-61-429 586 C-61-430 649 C-61-432 C-61-463 226 C-61-464 312 634 C-61-490
Group 7
880:1 880:2
73239 73239
Lot 881 C-61-219 C-61-220 C-61-473 C-61-474 C-61-475 Lot 882 (p. 19136) C-61-478 Lot 885 C-61-473 C-61-474 Lot 886 C-61-236 C-61-478
548 502 394 331 298 74 394 331 365 74
214
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS Lot 898 (p. 23) C-61-284 C-61-286 C-61-287 C-61-300 C-61-304 C-61-305 C-61-308 C-61-309 C-61-310 C-61-311 C-61-312 C-61-313 C-61-465 C-61-489 C-61-491 C-62-307 C-62-872 Lot 899 (p. 78) C-61-460
Lot 887 (pp. 2672, 89) Group 5 887:1 89 89 887:2 89 887:4 887:5 2672, 89 Lot 889 C-61-228 C-61-229 C-61-236 Lot 890 C-61-228 C-61-235 C-61-462 C-61-480 C-64-475 Lot 892 C-61-236 C-61-238 C-61-240 C-65-496 Lot 893 C-61-241 C-61-242 C-61-245 C-61-246 C-61-247 C-61-256 C-61-259 C-61-260 C-61-262 C-61-273 C-61-488 C-62-367 Lot 896 C-61-277 C-61-279 C-61-280 C-61-397 C-61-459 C-61-461 C-62-872 C-64-69 Lot 897 (p. 78) C-61-281 C-62-872 C-64-69 334 554 365 334 243 354 330 642 365 518 254 360 283 524 536 535 522 500 566 565 273 264 630 221 517 217 611 305 341 380 229 364 545 229 364
632 516 590 534 527 553 419 418 419 419 419 419 542 637 648 256 229 279
Lot 1945 (pp. 60, 61, 191) C-61-485 680 1945:1-6 60 Lot 1950 part of Group 6 in addition: C-61-240 C-62-275 Lot 1952 C-62-874 Lot 1953 C-61-475 C-61-478 C-62-254 C-62-277 C-62-278 C-62-279 C-62-283 C-62-284 C-62-293 C-62-294 C-62-295 C-62-943 C-62-944 Lot 1954 C-62-296
254 664 391 298 74 588 672 378 669 626 620 587 583 585 302 331 581
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS Lot 1955 C-62-258 C-62-301 C-62-304 C-62-305 C-62-306 C-62-307 Lot 1961 C-61-478 Lot 1962 C-62-317 Lot 1964 C-62-321 C-65-496 Lot 1965 C-61-462 C-62-322 C-62-325 C-64-69 Lot 1966 C-73-58 Lot 1969 C-62-257 Lot 1977 C-62-255 Lot 1982 part of Group 6 in addition: C-62-345 C-62-346 C-62-364 C-62-365 C-62-367 C-62-368 C-62-370 C-62-371 C-62-372 C-62-373 C-62-374 C-62-685 C-62-692 C-62-696 C-62-699 C-62-700 C-62-706 C-62-713 C-62-716 C-62-720 C-62-880 C-62-938 C-62-939 C-62-940 C-62-946 Lot 1988 (pp. 33, 78) C-62-692 C-62-722 C-62-723 C-62-730 C-62-731 C-62-733 C-62-738 C-62-743 C-62-755 C-62-947 Lot 1989 (p. 82) C-62-756 C-62-758 C-62-760 C-62-761 C-62-762 Lot 1990 Group 2
Lot 1991 (pp. 24, 3382, 65, 82)
215
623 317 223 635 552 256 74 505 365 360 354 344 593 364 633 605 539
230 234 221 221 262 225 247 662 414 560 233 486 555 558 529 530 415 490 616 213 236 220 206 233 272 528 235 216 222 420 540 661 228 249 519 270 210 239
1724 1724
Lot 1985 (pp. 23, 24, 33, 78, 82) C-62-256 525 C-62-261 595 C-62-271 626 C-62-348 520 C-62-350 556 C-62-351 584 C-62-352 589 C-62-353 416 C-62-354 628 C-62-356 417 C-62-357 415 C-62-358 415 C-62-362 663 C-62-363 322
C-62-259 C-62-260 C-62-364 C-62-772 C-62-773
569 596 230 443 401
216 C-62-774 C-62-778 C-62-779 C-62-780 C-62-781 C-62-782 C-62-783 C-62-784 C-62-786 C-62-788 C-62-789 C-62-790 C-62-793 C-62-795 C-62-799 C-62-804 C-62-805 C-62-813 C-62-817 C-62-820 C-62-821 C-62-826 C-62-827 C-62-828 C-62-830 C-62-831 C-62-832 C-62-836 Lot 1993 C-62-264 C-62-265 C-62-841 C-62-843 C-62-849 C-62-851 C-62-852 C-62-854 C-62-945 Lot 2000 C-62-262 C-62-864 Lot 2003 C-62-872 Lot 2009 C-64-35 C-64-37 C-64-446
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS 533 515 488 487 421 482 445 611 629 509 510 513 265 567 575 268 523 526 564 592 573 604 537 618 532 531 541 643 591 568 221 320 574 511 315 596 601 559 561 229 316 458 377 Lot 2010 C-61-228 Lot 2011 C-64-44 C-64-45 Lot 2012 C-64-47 C-64-48 C-64-59 C-64-60 C-64-61 C-64-402 C-65-442 C-65-444 Lot 2013 C-61-478 C-64-65 C-64-66 Lot 2021 C-61-228 Lot 2026 C-64-91 C-64-312 Lot 2035 C-64-69 Lot 2038 C-64-75 C-64-475 C-73-58 Lot 2040 C-75-281 Lot 2042 C-61-167 C-64-186 C-64-404 C-64-432 Lot 2044 (p. 14) C-64-77 Lot 2046 (p. 845) C-62-763 C-64-69 C-64-312 C-64-401
334 424 576 512 582 258 664 250 423 237 319 74 374 596 334 600 329 364 309 642 633 444 271 617 242 674 571 23 364 329 313
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS C-65-42 C-65-526 Lot 2048 C-64-65 C-64-69 Lot 2049 C-61-228 C-64-474 Lot 2050 C-61-228 Lot 2051 C-64-424 C-64-442 Lot 2052 C-64-207 Lot 2057 C-72-241 Lot 2060 C-64-76 Lot 2063 (p. 61) C-64-224 2063:1 Lot 2066 C-64-477 Lot 2067 C-61-478 C-64-475 Lot 2074 (p. 78) C-64-216 C-64-472 Lot 2075 C-64-429 C-64-431 C-72-241 Lot 2079 C-64-405 Lot 2083 (p. 78) C-64-471 Lot 2087 C-64-207 C-64-447 45 231 374 364 334 668 334 251 307 356 328 514 333 61 359 74 642 211 661 489 639 328 503 661 356 491 Lot 2088 C-62-692 Lot 2089 C-64-473 Lot 2090 C-64-473 Lot 2091 (p. 78) Lot 2092 C-62-762 Lot 2094 C-62-755 C-64-407 C-64-476 C-68-201 Lot 2106 C-62-762 Lot 2107 (p. 191) C-61-485 C-64-439 C-64-468 239 661 280 275 342 239 680 347 678
217
233 670 670
Lot 2110 (pp. 2672,36, 78) C-61-462 354 C-64-399 340 C-64-400 1298 C-64-407 280 C-64-476 275 C-72-245 433 2110:1 3697 2110:2 2672, 3697 2110:3 2672, 3697 Lot 2111 part of Group 6 Lot 2140 C-64-476 Lot 2141 (p. 78) C-61-480 C-64-188 C-64-399 C-64-417 Lot 2142 C-61-480 C-64-467 C-64-476 275 330 290 340 1298 330 375 275
218 Lot 2143 C-61-480 C-64-208 C-73-58 Lot 2144 C-64-467 C-64-476 Lot 2145 C-61-462 Lot 2150 C-64-199 C-64-411 C-64-430
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS Lot 2163 C-64-192 Lot 2164 (p. 19137) Lot 2165 C-64-478 339
330 296 633 375 275 354 614 209 207
358
Lot 2169 (p. 19134) 2169:1 675 Lot 2170 C-64-226 C-64-409 Lot 2171 C-64-438 Lot 2172 C-71-238 Lot 2173 C-65-499 Lot 2177 C-64-197 Lot 2178 C-64-226 C-64-409 Lot 2183 C-65-499 Lot 2185 C-65-499 Lot 2186 (p. 78) Lot 2188 C-64-191 Lot 2196 C-65-545 Lot 2198 C-65-545 Lot 2204 C-61-228 Lot 2210 C-61-480 C-65-491 C-65-615 C-70-596 Lot 2212 C-64-312 570 328 328 334 330 287 352 673 329 287 366 325 368 276 308 287 366 276 276
Lot 2151 (p. 19135) C-64-200 612 C-64-201 613 C-64-410 379 Lot 2152 C-61-480 C-64-213 C-64-217 C-64-219 C-64-221 C-64-222 C-64-225 C-64-226 C-64-396 C-64-398 C-64-399 C-64-440 C-65-499 C-65-523 Lot 2155 C-61-228 Lot 2156 C-61-228 C-61-463 C-61-464 C-64-196 C-64-223 C-64-408 C-65-481 Lot 2157 C-61-480 Lot 2161 C-64-422 330 370 483 295 671 631 297 287 285 136 340 357 276 299 334 334 226 312 269 215 259 80 330 624
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS Lot 2216 (p. 78) Lot 2217 C-62-730 C-65-38 Lot 2220 C-73-58 Lot 2225 (p. 78) Lot 2230 (pp. 78, 84, 1262) C-62-364 230 357 C-64-440 C-65-492 263 C-65-493 572 1262 C-65-494 Lot 2235 (p. 1) Lot 2236 (p. 1) Lot 2238 (p. 1) Lot 2239 (p. 19137) C-65-292 437 C-65-501 274 Lot 2240 (p. 19135) C-64-414 C-65-30 C-65-569 C-65-639 Lot 2242 2242:1 Lot 2244 C-64-476 Lot 2245 C-65-36 Lot 2247 (p. 19135) C-61-228 C-65-31 C-65-32 a C-65-33 C-65-34 C-65-501 Lot 2249 (p. 1831) part of Group 6 in addition: C-64-440 C-65-291 C-65-548 C-73-360 275 610 334 615 608 615 620 274 246 599 606 681 235 261 633 Lot 2250 part of Group 6 in addition: C-61-475 C-65-499 C-73-355 Lot 2253 C-72-241 Lot 2259 C-64-226 Lot 2260 Group 3 Lot 3206 C-65-291 C-65-481 C-65-646 C-68-201 Lot 3207 C-65-292 C-68-201 292 80 461 342 437 342
219
298 276 354 328 287
Lot 3209 (p. 19239) C-65-292 437 Lot 3210 (p. 19239) Lot 3211 (p. 19239) Lot 3215 (p. 19138) C-65-293 497 3215:1 677 Lot 3217 Group 8 3217:1 Lot 3220 (p. 108) C-65-563 C-64-226 C-65-32 b C-65-297 C-65-307 C-65-309 C-65-458 C-65-481 C-65-509 C-65-522 C-65-579 C-72-196 74 192 287 608 644 521 478 266 80 26 300 507 214
Lot 3222 (pp. 108, 46150)
357 292 602 323
220
3222:1
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS

46150
3222:2 Lot 3223 C-65-303 C-65-645 C-65-647 Lot 3226 (p. 108) C-65-563 C-72-196 Lot 3227 (p. 63) C-65-313 C-65-525 C-65-653 3227:1
108 462 460 463 192 214 371 454 495 63
C-65-644 3233:1 3233:2 Lot 3410 C-65-319 C-65-609 Lot 3411 C-65-324 Lot 4344 C-75-320 Lot 4347 (382) C-64-478 C-65-167 C-65-417 C-65-511 C-65-521 C-65-613 Lot 4348 C-62-755 C-65-481 C-65-614 Lot 4349 C-65-169 C-65-450 C-65-451 C-65-452 C-65-453 C-65-648 Lot 4350 C-65-170 C-65-458 Lot 4351 (p.2671) Group 4 4351:1 Lot 4352 C-61-463 C-65-168 C-65-457 C-65-460 C-65-481 Lot 4355 part of Group 6 in addition: C-65-171
459 58 58 472 473 667 661 339 1298 360 499 136 363 661 80 343 390 293 208 321 318 498 607 266
Lot 3228 (pp. 1214,26, 56,108, 506) 397 C-65-315 C-65-567 201 506 C-65-577 C-65-610 492 399 C-65-621 398 C-65-622 400 C-65-623 453 C-65-624 436 C-65-625 494 C-65-626 434 C-65-627 404 C-65-628 448 C-65-629 479 C-65-630 477 C-65-631 55 3228:1 Lot 3229 C-65-312 Lot 3230 Group 11 3230:1-14
3230:15
327
108
3489
879 226 603 232 267 80
Lot 3231 (pp. 55, 63) 447 C-65-488 63 3231:1 55 3231:2 Lot 3232 C-65-487 452
Lot 3233 (pp. 58, 108) 194 C-65-565
413
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS Lot 4356 part of Group 6 in addition: C-65-519 C-65-520 Lot 4359 (p. 1) Lot 4362 C-68-201 Lot 4363 C-65-446 C-65-447 Lot 4367 C-65-543 C-75-320 Lot 4369 part of Group 6 Lot 43 70 C-65-459 Lot 4372 C-73-357 Lot 4377 C-65-175 C-65-522 Lot 4380 (p. 19134) Lot 4382 (382) Lot 4385 C-64-226 C-65-512 C-65-541 Lot 4387 C-65-465 Lot 4391 C-64-226 C-65-414 C-65-419 C-65-424 Lot 4393 C-65-642 Lot 4394 C-65-412 Lot 4398 (p. 78) 287 252 136 496 287 324 314 362 636 351 224 255 625 300 342 218 219 598 661 Lot 4403 C-65-449 260 227 Lot 4404 C-65-438 C-65-498 C-65-611 C-65-612 Lot 4405 C-65-469 Lot 4408 C-64-35 C-65-442 C-65-444 C-65-445 C-65-526 Lot 4409 C-65-439 C-65-440 C-65-441 C-65-506 C-65-507 Lot 4411 C-65-477 Lot 4417 C-65-656 Lot 4421 C-65-518 Lot 4434 C-61-236 C-65-429 C-65-649 Lot 4435 C-65-432 Lot 4440 C-64-219 C-65-423 Lot 4450 C-65-526 Lot 4458 C-65-410 C-65-422 C-65-499
221
241 655 435 348 349 609 316 237 319 204 231 363 294 282 294 281 248 495 346 365 289 661 289 295 346 231 474 425 276
222 Lot 4460 C-65-472 C-65-473 Lot 4461 C-65-442 C-73-357 Lot 4473 C-65-417 Lot 44 74 C-64-440 C-64-478 C-65-427 C-65-499 C-65-523 C-68-201 Lot 44 75 C-64-226 C-65-167 C-65-434 C-65-496 Lot 4476 C-65-421 Lot 44 77 C-64-226 C-65-499 C-65-654 Lot 44 78 C-65-448 C-65-576 Lot 4479 C-65-532 Lot 4480 (p. 77) C-65-530 C-65-532 Lot 4481 C-65-529 Lot 4482 (p. 74) C-65-474 C-65-475 C-65-476 C-65-529 C-65-531 C-65-533 4482:1
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS Lot 4483 C-64-397 Lot 4488 C-65-499 Lot 4491 C-64-418 Lot 5613 C-65-611 C-68-218 C-68-244 C-68-349 Lot 5615 C-68-200 Lot 5618 (p. 19239) Lot 5620 (p. 75) C-68-304 Lot 5624 C-68-200 Lot 5625 (pp. 63, 75) C-68-304 C-69-314 C-69-315 5625:3 5625:4-6 Lot 5635 (p. 47) C-69-265 5635:1 Lot 5639 C-68-305 Lot 5640 C-69-253 Lot 5643 C-68-201 Lot 5648 (p. 63) 5648:3 Lot 5652 C-64-410 Lot 5658 C-68-198 Lot 5692 C-68-339 658 497 658 382 666 63 75 466 47 597 650 342 63 379 253 353
244 469 237 255 360 357 339 284 276 299 342 287 1298 291 360 440 287 276 345 306 641 645 657 645 393 652 647 386 393 656 646 74
395 276 366 348 245 73 619 497
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS Lot 5693 C-68-244 Lot 5695 (p. 72) 5695:1 Lot 5719 C-68-350 C-69-313 6181:1
6181:2
223
73 72 665 481 36
3694, 74247
C-69-266 C-69-267 C-69-268 Lot 6214 C-64-440 C-65-522 Lot 6215 C-61-236 C-61-474 C-69-185 C-69-299 Lot 6217 C-69-270 C-69-271 Lot 6219 C-64-440 C-69-320 Lot 6231 Group 1 Lot 6232 (p. 791) Lot 6501 (p. 19134) Lot 6503 Group 9 Lot 6508 C-70-203 C-70-204 Lot 6511 C-70-237 Lot 6516 C-70-392 C-70-393 Lot 6638 (p. 19133) Lot 6640 (p. 28) C-70-366 C-70-597 C-70-598 C-70-599 C-70-600
455 441 450 357 300 365 331 238 288 402 441 357 493
Lot 6181 (pp. 36, 63, 74247)
6181:3 Lot 6182 C-69-264 C-69-297 C-69-298 C-69-314 Lot 6189 C-69-297 C-69-314 C-69-315
3694, 55 439 464 651 382 464 382 666
Lot 6191 (p. 19138) 6191:1 676 Lot 6193 C-69-79 Lot 6198 C-69-180 Lot 6199 C-65-291 C-65-614 C-68-201 C-69-182 C-69-302 Lot 6205 (p. 63) C-69-262 C-69-263 6205:1 6205:6 6206:1 6206:2
6206:3
654 292 292 343 342 292 311 412 446 63 52170 52170 55
74243
277 304 485 438 384
Lot 6206 (pp. 46, 74243)
405 406 407 409 408
6206:5
Lot 6208 (p. 43134)
46 387
Lot 6642 (p. 19137) 6642:1 679 Lot 6643 6643:1 52
C-69-186
224 Lot 6656 C-70-352 C-70-367 C-70-368 C-70-369 Lot 6712 Group 10 Lot 6713 (p. 10522) C-71-176
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS Lot 6832 (p. 78) 372 350 338 337
Lot 6838 (pp. 2672, 43132)
C-69-299 C-71-136
6838:1
288 449
43132
6838:2 Lot 6839 (p. 78) 185 Lot 6840 (p. 78) Lot 6841 C-69-299 Lot 6842 C-64-69 Lot 6845 C-71-570 Lot 6847 C-61-241 Lot 6941 (p. 14) Lot 72-111 C-72-195 Lot 72-121 C-65-429 Lot 72-122 C-73-58
2672
Lot 6715 (p. 10522) C-71-176 185 C-71-177 188 Lot 6716 (pp. 56, 10522) C-71-181 186 Lot 6719 (p. 10522) C-71-181 186 Lot 6720 (p. 61) 6720:1 C-71-181 6722:2 C-71-170 C-71-171 C-71-173 C-71-174 C-71-175 6723:4
6723:5
288 364 1298 283
61 186 1942 480 403 660 467 411 74

74245
Lot 6722 (pp. 1942, 10522)
640 289 633
Lot 6723 (pp. 63, 74245)
Lot 72-128 (pp. 63, 91) C-61-228 334 C-72-222 457 72-128:1 63 Lot 72-129 (pp. 78, 91) C-72-216 441 C-72-217 410 C-72-254 289 Lot 72-134 (pp. 78, 91) C-72-215 392 C-72-221 464 Lot 72-139 (pp. 78, 91) C-72-218 410 C-72-219 442 C-72-220 457 Lot 72-140 (p. 91)
6723:6 Lot 6826 (p. 91) C-71-87 C-71-88 C-71-137 Lot 6827 (p. 91) C-64-226 C-71-87 C-71-137 Lot 6828 C-62-722 Lot 6829 C-71-569 Lot 6830 (p. 78)
63 410 653 456 287 410 456 272 212
Lot 72-207 C-64-476
275
LOT LIST: PUBLISHED VASES AND CITED SHERDS Lot 72-208 C-72-241 72-208:1 Lot 72-209 C-72-244 Lot 73-96 C-73-28 Lot 73-99 C-73-28 Lot 73-100 C-73-99 Lot 73-101 73-101:1 Lot 73-102 C-64-404 C-72-241 C-73-260 C-73-359 Lot 73-107 C-65-444 Lot 73-115 C-73-316 Lot 73-116 C-73-305 C-73-307 C-73-316 Lot 73-118 C-73-302 Lot 73-121 (p. 78) Lot 73-130 C-61-279 C-73-357 217 255 Lot 73-134 C-73-306 C-73-356 Lot 73-137 C-62-692 C-65-442 C-73-360 Lot 73-138 C-64-69 C-73-358 Lot 73- 139 C-61-475 C-73-58 C-73-59 C-73-358 Lot 73-141 C-62-947 C-70-596 Lot 75-248 (p. 78) C-64-431 C-65-38 C-72-241 C-75-320 Lot 75-249 75-249:1 Lot 1980-129
1980-129:1 1980-129:2 1980-129:3
45148 58196
225
328 (623) 240 286 286 301
367 336 233 237 323 364 638 298 633 332 638 228 673 639 261 328 661
(667) 242 328 310 422 319 465 383 659 465 622
(609)
45148
1980-129:4 1980-129:5
72 72
INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX

ACANTHUS 193
altar 82, 1298,287i Amazon 74 Amphitrite 108

amphora, transport 310, 9 amphora handle, stamped 91, 10727
Amymone358 animal, cloven hoofed 363 animal frieze 13, 22, 29, 207, 208, 212-214, 217, 223, 225, 228-233, 236, 237, 245-247, 254, 256, 258-260, 262, 265-272 Apollo 309 Athena 297, 302, 305, 328 athlete 328. See also boxer
BANQUETER337
Demeter 46, 53, 63, 79, 129 dining room (meals) 5, 13, 39, 45, 47, 49, 50, 54, 63, 68, 77, 78, 82, 84, 91, 96, 105, 107, 136, 410, 183 Dionysos 139, 326, 334 dipping 48, 54, 62, 121, 130, 132, 133, 139, 162, 176, 185, 188, 189, 194, 195, 197, 438, 439, 447, 452,467, 468 discus 363 dog (hound) 1, 3, 247 donkey334 dolphin 111, 205 duck askos 55, 98, 200
EARTHQUAKE 2, 3, 45, 47, 73, 91, 105 epichysis 17-18, 63, 91, 143, 78, 341, 385 epinetron62, 63, 138, 329 Erebnos 1299,2871,287m Eros 108, 333, 341
beehives 61204 bird 31, 203, 206, 210, 212-214, 216, 228-231, 234, 237, 254, 256, 262, 264, 268, 270, 271,284, 328 boar 237 bones 89, 96 Boread241 bottle 62, 63, 215 boxer 220 bull 217, 237, 354, 362. See also cow; steer burning on vases 69, 79, 89, 97, 101, 7, 15, 49, 82, 211,287a, 101,109,110,149,151-153,170,172, 287k, 296,381,391,408,415,470,478,481,482, 508, 520, 522, 526, 550, 553, 558-560, 589, 638, 642, 645, 647, 648, 650-653, 655-660, 662, 669
CART221
"FEEDER" 62, 63, 101, 105, 480, 481
feline (nonspecific)22, 214, 223, 225, 229, 237, 255, 265, 266, 269, 272, 126, 283, 369 female figures: dancing 13, 63, 50, 192, 111, 215, 217, 226, 227, 235; running289a, 292c, 336, 340, 342, 348, 349, 354; seated333, 366, 598; standing 203,217,222,261,273,286b,294-297,299-301, 303, 310, 313, 317, 318, 327-329, 331, 333, 335, 339, 347, 358, 365, 366; unclearor head only 215, 252, 261, 279, 309, 330, 344, 346, 351, 355,
368(?). See also potnia theron
figurines 12, 61, 84, 89, 96, 101, 104, 107 filter vase 62, 63, 479
GLIRARIA 61204
cavalry 13, 73, 196, 209, 219, 221, 298, 328 chariot, charioteer 46, 45, 274, 287b, 287h, 288, 291,298, 323, 458 chevron77, 276, 661, 664, 670 Chimaera 26, 249
coins: Athenian 425; obol 3592, 55; Pegasos/Trident 91, 104, 411; Philip V 106; Ptolemy III 45, 58196; Salamis 314
goat 23, 29, 96, 212, 214, 217, 229, 254, 260, 267,
270
goblet 36, 1262,433 Gorgon, gorgoneia31, 1299,241, 260, 287m, 628

gray ware 44145, 46, 462
griffin74, 236, 258, 369

HADES287m
couch 78, 105 cow 354. See also bull; steer

DANCER. See padded dancer; female figure, dancing
hare 596 Hephaistos 334

Hera 53173,261, 297; Temple of Hera 793 Herakles 13420, 319
decanter17 deer 272
228
INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX metal imitating 10, 63, 375-378 metal vases 9, 10, 68225, 287d Mummian destruction(146 B.c.) 4, 28, 38, 52, 77, 106, 107, 192 Mycenaeanpottery 13,79 myrtle 73, 79 NIKE 300, 354, 358, 365, 458
OFFERING TRAY11, 64, 82, 84, 89, 91, 96, 101, 103,
Hermes 1299 hoplitodromos364 horse (without rider) 203, 222, 1298, 336. See also cavalry;race
IMITATION CYPRIOT 44145, 55187, 373 9,
imports 6, 9, 13, 14, 15, 18, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34,
3592, 36, 3798, 38, 39, 45, 46, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 69, 84, 45, 46, 50, 89, 61, 91, 73, 74, 79, 82-85, 91, 96, 116, 120, 135, 101, 159, 105, 107, 191, 198, 201, 305-370, 391, 395, 411,422, 423, 437, 444-446, 462, 463, 471, 474, 493-495, 498, 499, 178, 598, 600-602, 656, 658(?), 659, 680 interim period 2, 4, 46 ivy 52, 73, 74, 178, 283, 285, 334, 388, 435,497, 502
KITHARA 309
105, 107 owl 343

PADDED DANCER27, 255
Kleon 13522
komast346, 178, 599 Kore 46. See also Persephone kothon 58, 66, 81, 593
LADLE62, 63, 496
lagynos 54
lamp 423, 36, 61, 84, 8911, 96, 101, 103, 104, 107,
34 437, 19133,
lamp holder 2462, 61
laurel 299, 339 League of Corinth 3 lebes gamikos 61, 143, 333 Leto 309 liknon 11, 64, 91 lion, lioness 63208,26, 208, 217, 238, 245, 249, 265, 266, 269, 272 lion, Nemean 319 long-petal bowls 4, 46 lotus 46, 224, 232, 263, 265, 282,134, 326,328, 330, 571,633 louterion 77 lyre 50, 291, 338, 350, 354
MAENAD312, 313, 321, 326, 348
palmette 31, 3381, 52, 53, 58, 76, 77, 89, 108, 126, 138, 27, 46, 74, 91, 96, 215, 218, 224, 231, 232, 243, 246, 258, 260, 265, 268, 275-280, 300-302, 304, 307, 315, 330, 332, 334, 341, 349, 354, 357, 360, 365, 446, 449, 459, 632, 633, 661, 662, 664, 670, 674 Panathenaicamphora9, 77, 138, 143, 305-307 panther 29, 207, 231, 236, 240, 242, 256, 260, 267; panther-bird240 Pausanias 1 pellet 25, 63, 67, 179, 20, 21, 154, 480, 558-560, 604, 629, 634, 635, 637, 638, 643 perfume 18, 53 Persephone14, 26, 129, 287m, 292d. See also Kore Perseus 260, 1299,287m phallus 297, 313 pig 96 pine cone 297 pinwheel 46, 194, 265, 292, 461 plaque 62, 63, 248, 12910 pomegranate23, 35, 50, 489 poppy 293, 296 Poseidon 108 potnia theron211
53, QUATREFOIL 253
male figures:draped 50, 61, 73, 74, 237, 286a, 299, 303, 309, 311, 313, 314, 324, 329, 330, 338, 339, 354, 356, 357, 360, 361, 362, 370; fighting 257, 290; nude 248, 250, 260, 310, 328, 338, 363, 365; running 26, 250, 260, 292b; seated 50, 339, 364, 365; unclear or head only 204, 287j, 319, 337, 345, 346, 352, 359, 368(?) manufactureof vases 69, 76 Medusa. See Gorgon
RACE 1298, 150, 292. See also hoplitodromos ram 245, 265, 266, 596, 597 repairs,ancient 14, 287j, 287k ribbing 17, 18, 3592, 53, 89, 91, 76-78, 80, 82, 84, 97, 96, 386, 387, 391,434, 435, 474-476 Roman destruction(see Mummian destruction) Roman pottery 28, 34, 41, 50, 72, 10522,107, 191, 192 Roman renewal 2, 46, 108 rooster224, 244 rotellai 63 rouletting76, 85, 91, 446
INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX

SACRIFICE87, 96, 12910, 354
229
satyr 82, 120, 159, 191, 308, 312, 316, 321, 326, 334 scarab87 siren 206, 212, 213, 228, 230, 251, 256, 262, 267, 269, 126, 280, 320, 377, 595 snake 213, 245, 297 sphinx 10, 53, 26, 27, 212, 213, 215, 218, 232, 233, 239, 240, 246, 259, 262, 263, 265, 268, 269, 282,
13522, 315, 367, 377, 627
thorn decoration36, 497 thymiaterion24, 61 tile 84, 87, 89, 9615,101 torch 1298,292, 293, 295 tray 66, 68, 330, 642 tripod 220, 287d triskeles461
72 WARPING
steer 22. See also bull; cow Sthenoi 1299,2871, 287m strainer66, 68, 644
TEMPLE, REPRESENTATION OF 290
warrior 53, 111, 257, 274, 322, 328, 364 wheat 295, 399, 400, 454 winged boot, shoe 335 winged bust 279 women (see female figures)
Thapsos class 210
INDEX II: DECORATIVE SCHEMES, GRAFFITI, AND DIPINTI

Corinthianwork blackfigure 1-2, 9, 10, 15, 17, 1831,22, 26, 31,33, 39108, 50, 58, 3, 22, 23, 26-29, 192, 196, 203-274
blister ware 17, 43134, 53-54, 55, 63, 66, 89, 76,
77, 97, 99, 99, 100, 101, 106, 373, 387, 388, 475-479 figured work of 5th century: Conventionalizing (Vrysoula) 17, 33, 50, 275-285; outline style 13-14, 26, 106, 129, 286-292; Sam Wide group 33, 50, 129, 281(?), 293-297 Hellenistic (West Slope; relief) 1215,26, 30, 43, 45-46, 50, 58, 97, 126, 151,177,178,187,193, 194, 399, 400, 435, 453, 454, 458-463, 472, 473,497,191 red figure 31, 298-304 red ground 10, 50, 192, 203, 209, 244, 248, 274, 621 silhouette style 33, 235 stamped;rouletted;incised 3381,3592,76, 77, 126, 449, 629, 632, 633, 635, 661-665, 667, 669, 670,674 white style 57 Graffiti;dipinti 31, 80, 107, 159, 260, 261, 273, 274, 287i, 287j, 2871, 292d, 358, 362, 364, 371, 372, 374,376,391,413, 450, 496, 633, 642, 673
Imports,Attic black figure 18, 1831, 28, 31, 45, 46, 50, 159, 305-322, 324-329 black glaze, plain and miscellaneous 79, 82-85, 91,116, 120, 135, 191,391,395, 411,422, 423, 445, 446, 471,474, 600-602 outline style 1266 polychrome33, 422, 423 red figure 14, 26, 30, 3798, 73, 74, 96, 330, 332-340, 342-364, 367-370 stamped;rouletted91, 446 West Slope 18 white ground 129, 138, 143, 327, 363, 366 Imports,non-Attic black and red figure 52, 53, 58, 61, 323, 331, 341, 365 Etruscan2669,34 Gnathian 63, 499 Laconian444 non-figured 134, 201, 198, 201, 493-495, 656, 659, 680 plastic 598 undecorated. Index I. See West Slope;relief 437, 462, 463, 498 white ground 53, 327, 366
INDEX III: FINDSPOTS AND PROVENIENCES

CORINTH, SANCTUARY OF DEMETER AND KORE (see also Lot List) altar 82 boundaries1 buildings and rooms B. See P-Q:24 Ca. See L-M: 28 D. See R:23-24 D (Pit). See R:17-18 Da. See M-N:20-26 E. See P-Q:26 Ga. See M-N:20-26 Ha. See L:26-27 J. See N-0:25-26 Ja. See K-L:25-26 K:23 (Ra) 78
K-L:23-24 (Ma) 47159
S-T:16-17 191, 19137
K-L:24-25 (Ka) 33, 38, 78, 431, 432 K-L:25-26 (Ja) 78 Ka. See K-L:24-25 L. See N-0:24-25 L:26-27 (Ha) 78
L-M:28 (Ca) 1942, 48, 61, 74, 74245, 105
M:16-17 (Northwest Stucco Building or Northwest Building) 12, 46150,47, 61, 107108 M:21-22 (U-V) 43, 78
M-N:19 (P), 36, 37, 47, 47159, 74247 M-N:20-26 (Da, Ga) 43132, 73, 78
M-N:25-26 (Cistern Building) 19, 68, 72, 77 Ma. See K-L:23-24 N:21-22 38, 78 N-0:17-18 101
N-0:22-23 N-0:24-25 1725, 78 (L) 1725, 78
N-0:25-26 (J) 58193, 78 N-P:20-25 (Trapezoidal Stoa) 1831, 91, 96, 136 0-P:19-20 191, 19138 P. See M-N:19 P-Q:24 (B) 23, 78 P-Q:26 (E) 78, 84-85, 1262 R:17-18 (Pit D) 19134 R:23-24 (D) 17, 22, 23, 24, 33, 64, 65, 78, 81-82, 111
R-S:21-22
19134
S-T:21-22 (Theater) 1, 103-104 T-U:19 (Mosaic Building) 136 U-V. See M:21-22 cisterns N:26 (cistern 1965-1) 319,19 cistern 1971-1 10522 Groups 5-6 Pit A (pit 1961:2), Q:25 (Group 5) 23, 2672,67, 89-90, 96, 101 Pit B (pit 1961:1), P:24-25 (Group 7) 24, 34, 3697,38, 63, 67, 68, 96-100, 101,175 Pit E (pit 1965:3), O-P:22 (Group 4) 2, 23, 24, 2671,67, 85, 87-88, 89, 96, 101 potterydeposits N-O:17-18 (Group 8) 24, 38, 61, 63, 67, 68, 74, 101-103 Q:26 (Group 3) 17, 23, 24, 3698, 68, 73, 84-87, 89 R:21 (Group 1) 1, 17, 67, 79-81, 104, 111 S-T:21 (Group 9) 12, 24, 2564, 34, 38, 50, 58, 59, 61, 63, 101,103-105 potteryfills L-M:28 (Group 10) 2, 34, 49, 63, 105-106, 107 M:16-17 (Group 11) 2, 34, 58, 63, 67, 68, 107-109 N-P:20-25 (Group 6) 1831,24, 34, 3697,63, 67, 68, 74, 91-96 R:23-24 (Group 2) 2, 23, 68, 81-84, 111 road 1 terrace Lower 1, 2, 1419,20, 36, 45, 49, 69, 77, 101, 105, 136 Middle 1, 61, 64, 77, 845, 136 Upper 1, 79, 104, 136, 191 wall 1 544, 549 wall 13 845 wall 36 foundationtrench 1725 wall 46 19134 wall 205, robbingtrench 19137 wall 245, foundationtrench 33, 427-430 well 1961-11 191
232
INDEX III: FINDSPOTS AND PROVENIENCES
CORINTH, BUILDINGS AND AREAS OUTSIDE THE SANCTUARY OF DEMETER AND KORE Acrocorinth1 413 Anaploga 27, 105,2248,24, 68221,
Asklepieion 3, 66216 Well 1946-1 44145, 657 Well 1947-2 1729, 3079, 75250, 112,153 Well 1947-3 41114, 49160, 63206, 74246,479
Babbius Monument 2246 Basin Room, fill 1976-101 1838,156 Baths of Aphrodite63 Forum
Bath Building 58195 Cistern 1979-1 314, 3489, 3799, 38104, 73, 75,
Well 1947-4 663

Well 1947-5 1832, 42122 Well 1948-2 50164, 177 Well 1948-3 49160, 66217
Well 1948-4 647

Well 1953-1 3381, 74241, 23, 24, 414
654
Drain 1937-1 316, 1729, 23, 24, 2668, 3079, 3799, 39109, 72, 73, 80, 298 Drain 1971-1 317, 1835, 24, 3489, 3799, 102, 38104, 39109, 41, 42, 43, 44, 44140, 144, 47, 53175, 54, 58192, 63, 72, 73, 74, 75, 91, 1265,
Well 1953-2
Well Well Well Well Well Well
68222,
136,378,640, 658
90, 410, 480, 659

Fill 1934-1 42128, 58194, 187 Fill 1980-129 45148, 58196, 72236 Pit 1937-1 316, 1830,35, 24, 38104, 39109, 42123, 44143, 47158, 73, 78, 449 Pit 1972-1 72234, 75, 151 Pit 1975-1 76257 Well 1931-7 1830, 76253, 5, 78 Well 1931-8(Z) 28, 42127, 388, 434 Well 1931-14 76254, 661
1960-4 42122, 55182,74242, 98, 200 1960-6 72235 1971-1 44142, 73 1971-2 420, 44145 1975-1 319, 39111 42129 1975-4 1010, 24, 25, 2669, 3384, 85, 3489 42, 44, 44140, 58195,63, 64211,72, 75, 91, 646 Well 1975-5 319, 28, 157, 404
Forum SoutheastBuilding 41
Grave Grave Grave Grave Grave 1934-11 3381 1960-7 3592, 55184 1960-11 57190 1963-8 66217 1963-9 66217 Gymnasium 54177, 72230, 674 Katsoulis well 1965-3, property 319, 2462, 3487,
Well 1933-1 187 Well 1933-2 436

Well 1933-3 55183, 199 Well 1934-3 75251 Well 1934-5 42128, 74246, 388, 641, 645 Well 1934-10 1836, 23, 3383, 68220,77258, 1298,
56,63,454,645
North Cemetery 3, 2669, 3383, 3698, 3799, 101, 55185,186, 57, 57190, 58195, 63, 63208,209, 857, 33,
292, 382, 639 Well 1935-3 435

Well 1935-4 44145 Well 1935-7 72232
40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 62, 139, 394, 401, 484, 487, 500, 518, 561,565, 567, 624
Peribolos of Apollo 13420 Punic Amphora Building 310, 3698, 857, 40 Potters' Quarter 3, 20, 22, 23, 3382,86, 3592, 53173, 63, 63208, 209, 77, 23, 275, 283, 134, 293, 610,
Well 1936-1 1298 Well 1936-3 659 Well 1936-13 437, 641
Well 1937-1 316,2668,38103, 41119, 73, 61,301,
612, 618, 620, 622, 667 Roman Forum 3. See also Forum
Roman Cellar Building 75249
634 Well 1937-2 3 Well 1937-3 1011, 73238, 76255, 292, 615 Well 1938-1 1837,435
Well 1939-1 3383, 37100, 39109, 73, 22, 414 Well 1940-1 1835, 52169, 77, 77, 188
SacredSpring 68, 72
South Stoa 3, 4, 18, 19, 34, 3489, 35, 41112, 44145, 50164, 52, 55, 56, 58, 58199, 199, 631 Temple Hill 24, 53173,379, 616
Tile Works 3
Vrysoula 311, 12, 17, 23, 2455, 3078, 33, 3489, 36, 50, 53172, 61203, 126, 276, 277, 283, 135, 384,
Well 1940-2 4 Well 1940-6 1836
433
INDEX III: FINDSPOTS AND PROVENIENCES NON-CORINTHIAN PROVENIENCES Argos, Argive 46, 60, 458 Apulia 18, 143, 341 Athens:
Agora 3, 4, 1728, 19, 2667, 70, 28, 3077, 3697 38106, 41113,118,120,42131, 43136, 45147, 50165, 52166,69227,79,82,84,85,91,116,135,159, 10419, 191, 138, 314, 317, 15128, 394, 395,
233
Koroni3
Kos, Kyparissi 1212 Kydonia 1212
Lakonia 39, 151, 444 Morgantina 191, 19241 Olynthos 74, 96, 369
Perachora 1520, 2044, 22, 53173, 65, 66, 68225, 793,
423,445,446,471,472 Kerameikos19, 2670, 1266,399

Boiotia 3489, 134 Cyrene 528 Cyprus 56, 61202 Derveni 61202
18, 216, 235, 538, 577, 595, 596, 599, 17929, 604, 615, 618, 662, 669 Pitsa 12910
Priene 61202
Delos, Delian 46, 461-463, 641 Euboia 323 Eleusis 328 Etruria, Etruscan2669,34
Isthmia 54181, 80,224
Rhitsona 315 Sikyon4 South Italy (Gnathian) 62, 63, 151, 399, 499. See also Apulia Taranto 319
Tocra 528, 1212, 57190,234
Trebenischte68225
Vergina 61202
Kenchreai63206
Knossos 528, 1212, 64, 65
INDEX IV: PAINTERS, POTTERS, AND WORKSHOPS

ATTIC
Athens 581, Class of 53, 326 Athens 1256, Painter of 143, 333 Brygos Painter 335 C Painter 31, 318 Cleiboulos Painter 324, 325 Diosphos Painter 329 Douris, Dourian 31, 143, 363 Euaion Painter 342 F. B. Group 360 FerraraT.981, Group of 342 Filottrano Painter 73 G, Group 73 Gela Painter 50 Heidelberg Painter 31, 319 Jena Painter 365 Lewis Painter 30, 143, 342, 346-353 Makron 31,143, 361 Marlay Painter 359 Meidias Painter 3079 N, Painter 328 Nikosthenes, Nikosthenic 57, 58, 138, 328 Nikoxenos 335 Penthesilea Painter, Penthesilean30, 143, 344, 345, 357 Pioneer Group 334 Pistoxenos Painter 31, 143, 364 Polygnotan330
PolygnotosII 346 Sappho Painter 329

CORINTHIAN
CarrouselPainter 266, 267 ChimaeraPainter 50, 26, 111, 238, 239, 241, 242 GeladakisPainter 111, 214 Heraldic Lions Painter 111, 265 Hermes Painter 300, 301, 302 Lion Group 111,249 Louvre E574, Painter of 240 Merlin Painter 126, 276 Patras Painter 111, 225, 226, 227 Pelikai Painter 299, 301 Royal Library Painter 111, 223 Samos Group 111, 221, 224, 232 Sam Wide Group 33, 39, 49, 50, 281, 293-297, 571 SevereanuPainter 256 SketchPainter 298 StobartPainter 258 VermicularPainter 233
OTHER
Darius Workshop341 MenemachosWorkshop46, 462 MonogramWorkshop46, 463
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.,.: ~~~ ~,~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~..., ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.
?4
".
..
-L
I~~~~~
l'
:r . ?IV~~~~~~~~~~~. ,
~,-" ~ ''.2 -.. _~..,'. I,~~~~~~~~~~~~
,.
j3...
J .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~?? =~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..
f.=
'V
.''I
'-
-.7
a.Gou
::" ~:.
?
..
I:
t's
, ~ 8 . b. Group~ ~ ~ ~~ .~ ~ . Y
"~'~~~~i
..
?C
"
-~ .lpab
f `i_.~~~~~? '. , ~,J
,~~~~~~~~~~~.. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1-?. ?
'~
~,
b~~~~~~?~~. 8. ..,,p
? '~' c. '"- p G
?
~
9
' .:F? .. ,',, .s.
..
?.-. ... . ~~..~.: $ . ,.~ u.:,~~., ...~.~-,~,3
::.-. t, .....?:. P_:~
...,
Gr o
.
u
:.
, .~
p 9
c.p~ l ~*
PLATE 4
GROUP 1
1 (C-70-479)
2 (C-70-480)
4 (C-70-521)
3 (C-70-522)
5 (C-70-524)
6 (C-70-523)
7 (C-70-525)
8 (C-70-478)
9 (C-70-485)
10 (C-70-486)
11 (C-70-490)
12 (C-70-501)
13 (C-70-502)
14 (C-70-489) ?s~~~~~~~
15 (C-70-483) w:
16 (C-70-500) (C-70-481)
GROUP 2
PLATE 5
23 (C-62-763)
22 (C-62-764) 24 (C-62-948)
..""j".
25 (C-62-769)
26a (C-62-770) 29 (C-62-768)
28, side A (C-62-766)
-30 (C 62 771)
PLATE 6
GROUP 3
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-.
?~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~?
33 (C-65-126)
.$ .S IrL.
34 (C-65-127)
:/
.. ~'~'~ .'
.i
'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 P~~~~~~~~~~~.??"',
~ '~'!-;;r~'
"
'~?
4l.rl~,.
35 (C-65124)
36 (C-65123)
_.
"r
.-
_~-
~ ~... .
. --.
~.~
37 ~ ~ ~ ~ (C-65-122) ~
...'-.--
~ ~
'
:P
38
(C-65-
581)
4;~?,r
??;
30
37
~ ~
4 (C-65-12219 C6550)3
9(-581)2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..? ??~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,
GROUP 3
PLATE 7
42 (C-65-120) 41 (C-65-121)
44 (C-65-125)
if
^r
^^^^^v
^^jiftjM-^^,
47 (C-65-500)
45 (C-65-42)
46 (C-65-41)
PLATE 8
GROUP 4
50 (C-65-174)
50, top view
52 (C-65-172)
54 (C-65-173)
55 (C-65-583)
56 (C-65-584)
57 (C-65-586)
58 (C-65-585)59
(C-65-587)
60 (C-65-588)
GROUP 5
PLATE 9
'
-.
62 (C-61-388)
61 (C-61-227)
63 (C-61-226)
Y.
64 (C-61-390)
66 (C-61-392)
67 (C-61-393)
^|--
||
*B Fu
70 (C-61-396)
s;
71 (C-61-387)
68 (C-61-394)
PLATE 10
GROUP 6
_'
-..
73b (C-68-244 b)
73a (C-68-244 a)
75 (C-65-652)
76 (C-65-557)
77 (C-65-558)
79 (C-65-549)
GROUP 6
PLATE 11
74b (C-61-478 b)
74c (C-61-478 c)
PLATE 12
GROUP 6
80 (C-65-481)
83 (C-64-421)
82 (C-64-423)
81 (C-62-337)
...
'
...
84 (C-65-535)
GROUP 6
PLATE 13
88 (C-62-342)
89 (C-65-552)
91, interior 90a (C-65-555 a)
92 (C-65-538)
91 (C-65-556)
94 (C-65-540) 95 (C-64-420)
98 (C-64-437) 96 (C-65-516) 97 (C-65-537) 99 (C-65-546)
100 (C-65-590)
101 (C-62-344)
PLATE 14
GROUP 6
107 (C-62-347)
111 (C-65-547)
110
(C-64-434)
112
(C-64-435)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~"'. (, .~.'.
109
GROUP 7
PLATE 15
113 (C-61-427)
114 (C-61-209)
115 (C-61-426)
116 (C-61-206)
119 (C-61-374) 117 (C-61-418) 118 (C-61-417)
121 (C-61-467)
122 (C-61-208)
120 (C-61-470)
PLATE 16
GROUP 7
124 (C-61-213)
125 (C-61-423)
126 (C-61-384)
127 (C-61-450)
128 (C-61-215)
129 (C-61-381)
130 (C-61-383)
131 (C-61-425)
132 (C-61-424)
133 (C-61-382)
136
(C-61-451)
134 (C-61-469)
GROUP 7
PLATE 17
138 (C-61-447)
139 (C-61-210)
140 (C-61-422)
152 (C-61-492) 150 (C-61-207)
PLATE 18
GROUP 8
154 (C-65-602)
155 (C-65-603)
156 (C-65-608)
157 (C-65-592)
158 (C-65-606)
161 (C-65-604)
159 (C-65-294)
160 (C-65-607)
162 (C-65-591)
166 (C-65-593)
163 (C-65-599)
164 (C-65-600)
165 (C-65-601) 167 (C-65-594)
GROUPS 8 AND 9
PLATE 19
GROUP 8 172 (C-65-651)
173 (C-70-563) 174 (C-70-564)
175 (C-70-565)
176 (C-70-520) GROUP 9 ,||||||HL|, 177 (C-70-518) 178 (C-70-519)
179 (C-70-566)
180 (C-70-567)
PLATE 20
GROUP 10
186 (C-71-181)
187 (C-71-585)
188 (C-71-177)
190 (C-71-180)
GROUP 11
PLATE 21
192 (C-65-563)
191 (C-65-486)
194b (C-65-565 b) 194a (C-65-565 a)
193 (C-68-280)
196 (C-65-514)
197 (C-65-490)
198 (C-65-566)
rl" =*
(C-65-567)
PLATE 22
CORINTHIAN BLACK FIGURE
203 (C-61-175)
204 (C-65-445)
205 (C-61-414)
206a (C-62-946 a)
206b (C-62-946 b)
:L
'
.....
208 (C-65-451)
209 (C-64-411)
210 (C-62-761)
207 (C-64-430)
212 (C-71-569)
214c (C-72-196 c)
211 (C-64-216)
214b (C-72-196 b)
PLATE 23
216 (C-62-731)
215 (C-64-223)
218 (C-65-446)
217 (C-61-279)
....... 219 (C-65-447) ~~~~221b (C-62-368)
221a (C-62-367)
221c (C-62-841)
220 (C-62-940) 221 (1:1)
223 (C-62-304) 222 (C-62-733) 224 (C-65-459) 225 (C-62-371)
226(0-61463)
2270-65-520
1: 228(0-6-947)
PLATE 24
229b, c (C-62-872 b, c) 229a (C-62-872 a)
? ~ -,...,rB^~~~ 230 (C-62-364) 231a, b (C-65-526 a, b)
232 (C-65-457)
..
_ B
235a (C-62-730 a) 233a (C-62-692 a)

^
235b (C-62-730 b) 234 (C-62-365) .
233b-d (C-62-692 b-d)
236 (C-62-939)
B .A
_,.
PLATE 25
238 (C-69-185) 239a (C-62-762 a)
240 (C-72-244)
242, floor (C-64-404) 242, undersurface
241 (C-65-449)
243
PLATE 26
247, floor (C-62-372)
247, undersurface
246 (C-64-414)
245, floor (C-68-218)
248 (C-65-477)
245, undersurface 249 (C-62-756) 250 (C-64-61)
252, top view
252, handle
PLATE 27
.A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.
254 (C-61-240)
255 (C-73-357)
256a (C-62-307 a)
256b (C-62-307 b)
257 (C-61-176)
258 (C-64-59)
259 (C-64-408) 261, shoulder (C-65-38)
PLATE 28
262 (C-62-370)
263 (C-65-492)
264 (C-61-273)
266 (C-65-458)
267 (C-65-460) 265 (C-62-793)
270 (C-62-760)
268 (C-62-804)
269 (C-64-196)
271 (C-61-167)
272b (C-62-722b)
273 (C-61-262)
CORINTHIANCONVENTIONALIZING
PLATE 29
275c (C-64-476c)
275b (C-64-476b) 6275a (C-64-476a)
? ;.
I~~1:
2?~~~~~~~~~~~~1:2
PLATE 30
CORINTHIAN CONVENTIONALIZING
\Io
*'
~~~~~~t'tS'~~
279 (C-61-460)
'.; 279, detail
281 (C-65-507)
:. , ..
282 (C-65-441)
280a (C-64-407 a)
284 (C-65-427)
285 (C-64-396)
CORINTHIAN OUTLINE STYLE
PLATE 31
286b (C-73-28 b)
286a (C-73-28 a)
287m (C-64-226 c)
287k (C-64-226 m)
2871 (C-64-226 g)
287j (C-64-226 h)
287i (C-64-226 d) 287h (C-64-226 a)
287d (C-64-226 j)
287e (C-64-226 e) 287f (C-64-226 f) 287c (C-64-226 n)
287b (C-64-226 b+l)
287a (C-65-491) 288d (C-69-299 c) 288c (C-69-299 d) 288b (C-69-299 a)
PLATE 32
CORINTHIAN OUTLINE STYLE.
SAM WIDE GROUP
289b (C-65-429)
289a (C-65-432) 290 (C-64-188)
291 (C-65-434)
294b,(-292d 292a, interior
(C-69-180)
292b t;
292a (C-69-182) CORINTHIAN OUTLINE STYLE
_~(C-65-291
a)
292c (C-65-291 c)
293 (C-65-450) 296 (C-64-208)
295
(C-64-219)
CORINTHIAN RED FIGURE
PLATE 33
298e (C-61-475 b)
298d (C-61-475 e)
298c (C-61-475 a)
298b (C-61-475 c)
298a (C-61-475 d)
299 (C-65-523)
300c (C-65-522 b)
300b (C-65-522 c)
300a (C-65-522 a)
304a, b (C-70-204 b, a) 302 (C-62-943) 301 (C-73-99)
PLATE 34
NON-CORINTHIAN BLACK FIGURE
305a (C-61-397 a) 305b (C-61-397 b)
306 (C-65-448)
?-C
B
:-: --: :'.~. ;
-..-
.. -
308 (C-64-197) 309 (C-64-75)

,
307 (C-64-442)
310 (C-73-260)
311 (C-69-302)
312a, b (C-61-464a, b)
w'^^^9^
w313b
(C-64-401 b)
313c (C-64-401 c)
PLATE 35
. JJ^H^^^^^HA ^^^ ^^[r ^^^.
314 (C-65-419)
315 (C-62-852)
316 (C-64-35)
317 (C-62-301)
318, interior (C-65-453)
f'^^H
interior ~ ~~~~~~~319, (C-65-444)
318, inner foot
319, exterior
320 (C-62-843)
321 (C-65-452)
322 (C-62-363)
PLATE 36
326 (C-73-259) 327 (C-65-312)
328d (C-72-241 b)
328c, detail (C-72-241 c)
328a (C-65-545)
328b (C-72-241 d)
328c, additionaljoins (C-72-241 a+c)
330d (C-61-480a)
330c (C-61-480 c) J' ,
^
330b (C-61-480 e)
330a (C-61-480 d)
332 (C 333 (C-64-224) View A View B View C View D
PLATE 38
NON-CORINTHIAN RED FIGURE
334d (C-61-228 d) 334e, f (C-61-228 e, f)
334c (C-61-228 c)
334b (C-61-228 b)
335 (C-71-201)
334a (C-61-228 a) 336 (C-73-356)
338 (C-70-368) 337 (C-70-369)
339c (C-64-478 c)
341b, a top view (C-61-459 b, a)
" .
339b (C-64-478b)
340 (C-64-399)
341a, side view
PLATE 39
342b (C-68-201 b) 344 (C-62-322) 343 (C-65-614)
342a (C-68-201 a)
345 (C-65-654)
347 (C-64-439)
346b (C-65-518) 346a (C-65-423)
349 (C-65-612)
348 (C-65-611)
350 (C-70-367)
.351. (065412)
PLATE 40
fli,2~~~i
354c,~354b,
side B (C-61-462b)
/1
354,sideB, detail
side
356_
i(6_7
PLATE 41
,l
357b (C-64-440 b) 357c (C-64-440 c) 357a (C-64-440 a)
360b, side A (C-65-417)
^^-^
~360a,
side A (C-65-496)
360a, side B
358 (C-64-192)
359 (C-64-477) 361 (C-69-184)
PLATE 42
363b, floor (C-65-613)
363a, floor (C-65-439)
363a, exterior
364a, exterior (C-64-69 a)
364b-g, exterior (C-64-69 b-g)
PLATE 43
f e6
A _c^~ e
~~3365b,
exterior(C-61-236b)
exterior (C-61-236 a)
e365c,
365d-f, exterior (C-61-236 c-e)
365a, exterior (C-62-321)
365a, interior
366a (C-64-409 a) 367 (C-73-306)
368 (C-71-238)
PLATE 44
NON-FIGURED FINE WARES
376 (C-73-25) 372 (C-70-352) 373 (C-61-471) 379 (C-64-410)
380 (C-61-461)
380, top view
382 (C-69-314)
384 (C-70-393)
385 (C-61-429)
386 (C-65-476)
387 (C-69-186)
PLATE 45
389 (C-61-428)
391 (C-62-874)
392(C-72-215)
393 (C-65-529)
"? _
394 (C-61-473)
395 (C-64-397)
396 (C-70-206)
398 (C-65-622)
403 (C-71-171)
399 (C-65-621)
401 (C-62-773)
404 (C-65-628)
405 (C-70-366)
406 (C-70-597)
PLATE 46
408 (C-70-600)
409 (C-70-599)
410 (C-61-406)
412 (C-69-262)
414 (C-62-374) 411 (C-71-175) 413 (C-65-171)
415 (C-62-716)
417 (C-62-356) _ ^^.421
419 (C-61-311) (C-62-781)
423 (C-64-402) 425 (C-65-422)
^L
----
424 (C-64-44)
430 (C-72-89)
427 (C-72-88)
432 (C-72-211)
_r
PLATE 47
C^0
437a (C-65-292 a)
438 (C-70-392)
439 (C-69-264)
442 (C-72-219)
446, floor 443 (C-62-772) 445 (C-62-783) 446 (C-69-263)
At,,
447 (C-65-488) 448 (C-65-629) 450 (C-69-268) 451 (C-69-269)
453 (C-65-624)
449 (C-71-136)
454 (C-65-525)
'..
:?"~"'"~i:
.... ~:~!?"'." 456 (C-71-137) 457 (C-72-220)
455 (C-69-266)
PLATE 48
458 (C-64-37)
b 460 (C-65-645) ^ _459b (C-65-644 b)
461a, b (C-65-646 a, b)
463 (C-65-647)
459a (C-65-644 a)
462 (C-65-303)
465 (C-73-316)
466 (C-69-265)
467 (C-71-174)
474 (C-65-410) 472 (C-65-319) 469 (C-65-473)
475 (C-61-168)
476 (C-61-400)
480 (C-71-170)
481 (C-69-313)
PLATE 49
482 (C-62-782)
483 (C-64-217)
484 (C-61-408)
486 (C-62-696)
488 (C-62-779) 489 (C-64-429) 487 (C-62-780) 490 (C-62-720)
491 (C-64-447)
492 (C-65-610)
493a (C-69-320 a)
494 (C-65-626)
495 (C-65-656)496 (C-65-465)
495 (C65656)
498 (C-65-648) 497a (C-68-200 a)
499 (C-65-511)
PLATE 50
MINIATURES
500 (C-61-256)
501 (C-61-203)
502 (C-73-320)
503 (C-64-405)
505 (C-62-317)
506 (C-65-577)
507 (C-65-579)
51_C6270 508 (C-61-193)
54(-6-6 509 (C-62-788)
-6-7 ' 511 (C-62-851)
515053
(-62-790)
51406 (C-64-76)
515075 (-62-778)
517 (C-61-277)
518 (C-61-238)
519 (C-62-758)
MINIATURES
PLATE 51
1( -6-307 521 (C-65-307) )
5213,(1'1) (1:1) 521, detail detail
524 (C-61-242)
526 (C-62-813)
529 (C-62-706)
530 (C-62-713)
531 (C-62-831)
533 (C-62-774)
536 (C-61-245)
537 (C-62-827)
541 (C-62-832)
542 (C-61-465)
543 (C-61-156)
544 (C-61-298)
545 (C-61-281)
547 (C-61-403)
539 (C-62-255)
548 (C-61-219)
550 (C-61-165)
553 (C-61-305)
554 (C-61-229)
556 (C-62-350)
PLATE 52
MINIATURES
561 (C-62-864)
563 (C-61-407)
564 (C-62-817)
566 (C-61-259)
567 (C-62-795)
568 (C-62-265)
570 (C-64-191)
571 (C-64-77)
572 (C-65-493)
573 (C-62-821)
575 (C-62-799)
576 (C-64-45)
_tBBB^~
i/?
^^
<.
577 (C-61-405)
579 (C-61-191) 581 (C-62-296)
582 (C-64-48)
585 (C-62-295)
587 (C-62-293)
588 (C-62-254)
589 (C-62-352)
590 (C-61-287) 592 (C-62-820)
593 (C-62-325)
PLASTIC WARES. HEADS ATTACHED TO KALATHOI AND PYXIDES

.~ . . ...
PLATE 53
.-::
..
596 (C-62-260)
595 (C-62-261)
597 (C-68-305)
_'{
'"''U
599 (C-65-30) 600 (C-64-91) 601 (C-62-945) 602 (C-65-548)
~?: C"62-
,.
???r.?~
826
5~604 (C-62-826)0
612, back view (C-64-200)
621, back view (C-72-56)
59
603 (C-65-168)
605 (C-62-257)
:~'?~'~ ~
1 60-051
PLATE 54
HEADS ATTACHED TO KALATHOI
607 (C-65-170)
606 (C-65-569)
609 (C-65-469)
608 (C-65-32 a)
610 (C-65-36)
611 (C-62-784)
614 (C-64-199)
HEADS ATTACHED TO KALATHOI AND PYXIDES
PLATE 55
615 (C-65-33)
616 (C-62-880) 617 (C-64-186)
618 (C-62-828)
619 (C-68-159)
621 (C-72-56)
620 (C-65-34)
PLATE 56
HEADS
624 (C-64-422)
625b (C-65-175 b)
_ ?........ _.
b 625a-c (C-65-175 a-c)
628 (C-62-354)
626 (C-62-271)
KITCHEN VESSELS
PLATE 57
631 (C-64-222) 629 (C-62-786)
633a, side view (C-73-58 a)
633c (C-73-58 c) 630 (C-61-488) 633a, top view
634 (C-61-490) 632 (C-61-284)
635 (C-62-305) 635 (C-62-3 05)
637 (C-61-489)
636 (C-65-642)
PLATE 58
KITCHEN VESSELS
_.
639 (C-64-431)
640 (C-72-195)
643 (C-62-836) 641 (C-65-576)
U...
642 (C-64-475)
644 (C-65-297)
646 (C-65-533)
645 (C-65-532)
647 (C-65-475)
KITCHEN VESSELS
PLATE 59
651 (C-69-298)
650 (C-69-253)
653 (C-71-88)
654 (C-69-79)
652 (C-65-474)
657 (C-65-530) 655 (C-65-438) 656 (C-65-531)
659 (C-73-307)
PLATE 60
PERIRRHANTERIA
661h, rim (C-64-472)
661e-g, shaft (C-75-320)
661d, shaft (C-65-649)
661c, shaft (C-64-471)
661a, base (C-62-755)
662 (C-62-373)
663 (C-62-362)
664 (C-64-60) 665 (C-68-3750) 666 (C-69-315)

1.3 (662 1:2)
PERIRRHANTERIA
PLATE 61
667 (C-65-324)
668 (C-64-474)
ii
,,
669 (C-62-279) 670 (C-64-473)
671 (C-64-221)
672 (C-62-277)
674 (C-64-432) 673 (C-70-596)
PLAN A
A B
G
H
C[
-.,
_.,.,,,,...-.,-f.#.,,...*
..
lr0-
Q
____X_
-p--X__
- - --------------,
--' B C
--
t SuV~~~~~~~-,
U V
PLAN A
DE
SANCTUARY OF KORE METER ANDID)i
15
20
25
30 METERS
97198(
)AVID B. PECK JR.
R.
U<3
Ld
PLAN B
LECHAION
CORINTH
ISTHMIAN GATE TILE WORKS +
NORTH CEMETERY
V L VILLA
ASKLEPIEION GYMNASIUM
AMPHI AMPHITHEATER 1 BATH * _ ,j -. FORUM
THEATER I&
/^~~~~~KENCHREAIAN
+POTTERS' QUARTER + ANAPLOGA
~~GATE
PHLIASIAN\ GATE
SANCTUARY OF DEMETER AND KORE
ACROCORINTH
0
DBP
500
1000 M
1976

Pemberton The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore The Greek Pottery.

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Pemberton The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore The Greek Pottery.

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CORINTH

RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES

VOLUME XVIII, PART I

SANCTUARY OF AND THE GREEK

KATHLEEN WARNER SLANE

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

a separatestudy.Also reservedfor publicationin otherpartsof CorinthXVIII are the miniaturevotivelikna

ary will be treatedby C. G. Koehlerin CorinthXIX, i.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS . G LOSSARY . PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INTRODUCTION SHAPE STUDIES

I. AM PHORAS . II. H YDRIAI .

X V II. SAUCERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X V III. PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

XXVII. COOKING-FABRIC VESSELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXVIII. PERIRRHANTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

viii GROUP8 (154-172) . GROUP9 (173-184) GROUP 10 (185-190) GROUP 11 (191-202)

TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 103 105 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 107

DECORATED FINE WARES .

Sam Wide Group (293-297)

Coarse ware (629-644) . .. Cooking fabric (645-660). ......

............ COOKING FABRIC (629-660) . . .......................... ... ........ . .

PERIRRHANTERIA ............................ (661-674). POST-CLASSICAL PHIALAI(675-681). ... ..

. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 ........... 230 . . ... .......... 231 . . . . ... . .. 234

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

don 1988 . See also CorinthVII, ii

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

, "Ten Hellenistic Graves in Ancient Corinth,"Hesperia 54, 1985, pp. 271-307

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

LPC = Late Protocorinthian

EPC = Early Protocorinthian

maximum Middle Corinthian Protocorinthian preserved restored thickness width

ABBREVIATIONS OF PERIODICALS AND SERIES

Inner, generally horizontalsurfaceof the vessel, createdby the wall.

Accordingly,I wish to thank D. A. Amyx, J. L. Benson, D. von Bothmer, N. Bookidis,H. A. G. Brijder,

McPhee, M. B. Moore, S. I. Rotroff,J. Salmon,L. Siegel, K. W. Slane, E. L. Smithson,R. S. Stroud,H. A.

staff, this volume would never have been possible.

McPhee, for similar reasons.

CHRONOLOGY OF THE POTTERY

the bulk of which is

In particular,depositsnos. 79 (well 1937-1), 80 (drain 1937-1), and 90 (pit 1937-1).

26 See footnote 23 above.

sherds from insignificantcontextswere also kept.

pottery is still very fragmentary.

usefulness for dating.29

(poor condition,insufficientsize); a group could not be created.The potteryin CatalogueII is subdividedby

lost in the excava-

P1.44 PI. 44 P1.34 PI. 34 P1.34 P1.21

P1.34 PI. 34 PI. 37 P1.37 P1.37

III. SMALL HYDRIAI (HYDRISKOI)

III. SMALL HYDRIAI (HYDRISKOI)

FIG. 1. Small hydriai (hydriskoi).Scale 1:2

Group 6 Group 8 Group 8 Group 8 Group 9 Group 9 Group 9

IV. KRATERS AND LEKANAI

of all periods,coming from large kratersor lekanai.18

None has a dedicatorygraffito. cannotbe determined.19

vessels may have been discardedafter each use.

Ibid., pp. 57-62.

VI. MISCELLANEOUS PITCHERS

392 156 393

Pitcher withinsetrim Wide-necked pitcher Narrow-necked pitcher

P1.45 Fig.4, P1.18 P1.45

4thcentury 3rdcentury Hellenistic

30 Unpublished:C-31-129, from well 1931-7 and C-37-2502, from pit 1937-1.

VII. KALATHOI AND KALATHISKOI

FIG.4. Wide-neckedpitcher 156. Scale 1:2