QUAN TRC MI TRNG

Ly mu nc sng Nhu on chy qua qun H ng (H Ni) Thc hin: Nhm 2, k54 qlmt I. Cng tc chun b 1. Chun b ti liu, cc bn , s , thng tin chung v khu vc nh ly mu a im a im hin trng Kinh V quan trc QL1 Cng tiu Trung Vn- nh gi ngun nc sng +105.779 +20.989 Nhu im bt u chy vo a phn H ng QL2 Lng ngh Vn Phc +105.775 +20.9836 QL3 Nc thi khu dn c Thanh Bnh +105.77 +20.9812 Nc thi khu dn c Yt Kiu +105.778 +20.9754 Nc thi ng Trn Ph +105.779 +20.9759 Nc thi mng Phc La + 105.783 +20.9706 Cng ty TNHH Dt may Trn Thnh +105.784 +20.963 im quan trc nc sng Nhu sau khi i qua qun +105.798 +20.9574 H ng M t a im quan trc - QL1: mt nc rng, tnh, vng cy bi - QL 2: B sng c gia c chc chn, trc cng x cy bi dy c, ly mu kh khn - QL 3: Cng x nm trong khu dn c, ca x ra sng rng 1.5m, c th trc tip quan st v tip xc vi dng thi. V tr o sau ca x 10m xui dng. Tc dng sng nh, thun li cho vic i thuyn ra gia sng o c v ly mu. - QL 4: Tng t nh QL3, cng x nm trong khu dn c, ca x ra sng rng 1.8m, c th quan st trc tip v ly mu d dng. Ly mu gia dng, c th i thuyn ra. - QL 5:cng x nm trn m bn phi ca sng Nhu, trc tip ra sng Nhu (ging kiu x thi ca sng T Lch). Kh khn: a hnh hi dc nn ly mu trc tip kh. Ly mu nc im tip nhn nc thi ca sng. C th i thuyn xung ch tip nhn nc thi ly mu - QL 6: Mng nh, hp, cy bi pht trin, c nhiu xc thc vt trn mt. QL4 QL5 QL6 QL7 QL8

- QL 7: cng x nm ch c nhiu cy bi, b sng khng kin c, c dc cao, kh khn trong vic o nhanh v ly mu gn b - QL 8: on cui ca sng Nhu Giang, i qua khu vc ng dn c, hai bn b c gia c chc chn, rng sng thuyn di chuyn ra ly mu. 2. Chun b nht k ly mu ti hin trng: Theo di iu kin kh hu, din bin thi tit, iu kin bt thng c th gy nh hng n mu - Ngy 11/11/2012: Khng ma, hi kh, gi nh, nhit khng kh khong 20 230C. - c im ngun nc: thuc dng nc chy, tc dng chy (nh), tip nhn nc thi sinh hot v cng nghip ca khu vc qun H ng => cht lng nc sng c s thay i. - iu kin v kinh t, k thut: p ng yu cu (nhn lc, kinh ph, trang thit b) ca chng trnh quan trc trong phm vi cho php. 3. Dng c v trang thit b cn thit a) Thit b, dng c, ha cht ly mu Ngoi hin trng S lng Thit b -Thit b ly mu theo su (gu cp, gu mc) -Thit b ly mu t ng - My o nc a ch tiu WQC-22 TOA Dng c -Chai nha (PE,PET) loi 1,5l ng mu - Bnh thy tinh ti mu (V = 150ml) - Dng c phng th nghim: pipet, qu bp cao su, bnh nc ct, a thy tinh, giy ch th pH - Thng xp ng loi nh Ha cht - Ha cht bo qun c nh Oxy : Dung dch MnCl2, hn hp KI+ NaOH, dung dch H2SO4, dd HNO3 c 8 8 8 30 4 Va 8 Va

b) Trang thit b bo h Gng tay : trnh nhim bn mu v trnh tip xc trc tip ca ngi ly mu vi mi trng dn n cc bnh tt lin quan ng; khu trang; m, o bo h: trnh tip xc trc tip ca ngi ly mu vi mi trng dn n cc bnh tt lin quan Dy thng, kp ( Nu ly mu xa v su, ly mu cn chnh xc cao) My cu, dng dc ( Nu ly mu xa b )

4. Nhn lc quan trc STT H v tn 1 Vn Anh 2 L Th Bch 3 Quch Vn Chin 4 5 6 7 8 inh Duy Chinh Trn Th M Hnh Ng Th Hng Nguyn Phng Lan L Th Thy Linh

Trnh chuyn mn i hc i hc i hc i hc i hc i hc i hc i hc i hc

9 L Th Thanh Li 5. Tm hiu cc loi mu cn ly v PP ly mu Cc loi mu cn ly: nhm cn c t nht 2 im ly mu trc sau cng x ( cc nhm ly mu cng 1 thi im): Mt mu on trc khi c r nhnh hay cng x. Mt mu sau on c cng x, vi khong cch xa m bo trn ln hon ton. Mi a im ly mu ti hin trng cn ly cc mu sau: - Mu nc mt: 2 chai mu, su 30 - 50cm - Mu trm tch: 2 mu - Mu trng vn chuyn: 1 mu cng vi mu chnh (Ch : im ly mu sau cng x sau im ly mu trc cng x l 15 pht m bo ha tan ) Th tch mu v thi gian lu Th tch cn ly/mu Thi gian lu Mu nc mt 2l 10 ngy Mu trng vn 500ml 10 gy chuyn 6. Chun b cc dng c, thit b cn thit; kim tra, v sinh v hiu chun cc thit b v dng c ly mu, o, th trc khi ra hin trng 7. Chun b ho cht, vt t, dng c phc v ly mu v bo qun mu S lng cn thit

8. Chun b nhn mu, cc biu mu II. Ly mu, o v phn tch ti hin trng 1. Phng php ly mu: Cc bc thc hin c th o nhanh cc thng s (pH, nhit , dn in (EC), c, mn, tng cht rn ha tan (TDS), hm lng oxi ha tan (DO)), ghi chp li kt qu Thng s o, phn tch ti hin trng: pH, nhit (to), dn in (EC), c, mn, tng cht rn ha tan (TDS), hm lng oxi ha tan (DO). Thng s phn tch trong phng th nghim: tng cht rn l lng (TSS), nhu cu oxi sinh ha (BOD5), nhu cu oxi ha hc (COD), nitrite (NO2-), amoni (NH4+), sulphat (SO42-), tng nit (T-N), tng photpho (T-P), clorua (Cl-), coliform, du m, asen (As), thy ngn (Hg). Thc hin QA/QA trong ly mu ngoi hin trng 2. o c cc thng s c bn ngoi hin trng Cc thng s pH, nhit , dn in, c, mn, oxy ha tan do c im l d bin ng nn kh phn tch trong phng th nghim, ngi ta tin hnh o ngay ti hin trng bng 1 thit b o nhanh. Thit b ny c th o cng lc tt c cc thng s trn. 3. c thng s trong ph ng th nghi Ly mu phn tch l ho hc Ly mu di b mt (50cm t b mt) nhng bnh (x, ca) vo dng sng , sau chuyn nc vo bnh cha mu. Cn trnh ly mu lp b mt H thng ly mu sng cn chn v lp t cn thn trnh tc ng vo do cc ht rn trong nc. Cn bo v li vo bng cch qun li th v li tinh, thng xuyn kim tra v loi b cc mnh tch t, v nhng yu t ny cn c ch ti khi chn im ly mu. Li vo ca thit b ly mu cng phi m bo cn tr dng chy khng ng k. Tt nht l ly mu trong iu kin ng tc, nhng nu thc t khng cho php th tc dng trong ng vo khng c di 0,5m/s v trn 3,0 m/s Ly mu phn tch vi sinh (Coliform) Ta dng cc bnh sch v tit trng. Gi bnh kn cho u khi np mu v sau y kn bng mnh giy kim loi. Ngay khi np mu mi m ming giy loi v nt ra v cm trn tay. Ch trnh gy nhim nt v c bnh do tay. Ngay sau khi np mu phi y nt kn. Ch trc khi np y khng cn trng bnh bng mu. ng tc ly mu l nm ly phn y bnh ri cm c bnh thng vo nc n

su khong 0,3m di b mt, sau xoay bnh c bnh hi ngc ln v ming bnh hng vo dng chy. Nh vy nc vo bnh khng tip xc vi tay, tr khi xoy mnh th nhim do tay c th xy ra. Nu b nhim do tay th phi loi b mu v ly mu khc trong nhng iu kin t xoy hn, hoc buc bnh vo que hoc kp Bin php ly mu xc nh TSS, BOD, COD, TN, TP Yu cu mu Mu khng lc Dung tch Chai ng 1L

Chai nha ( mi mu 2 chai) S dng chai mi/ra sch K thut ly mu Ly mu trc tip vo chai. Cn chc chn rng cc chai cha mu c ra sch trc khi ly mu. Khng c xo trn tng y hay thc vt mc pha di Bo qun mu Ch Gi lnh 1 40C, khng ng lnh Nhng v tr xo trn mnh cn trnh hn ch cc bt kh xm nhp Thi gian lu Cn phn tch ngay cc mu sau khi chn, mu ti a v Khng lu gi qu 7 ngy iu kin lu Gi lnh nhng khng ng lnh Thay th thi gian lu l 3 ngy ti 40C Lu Cn phi cn thn trong qu trnh ly mu, khng c lm xo trn tng y hay cy mc pha di

III. Nhn dng mu v ghi chp 1. Nhn dng mu Cc bnh cha mu cn nh du r v bn trnh nhm ln trong phng th nghim. Ngoi ra, khi ly mu cn ghi ch ngay nhng chi tit gip ch cho vic gii trnh kt qu thu c (ngy gi ly mu, tn ngi ly mu, bn cht v lng cht bo qun thm vo,...). C nhiu cch cho php lm nhng iu trn (nhn, bn ghi, ...) Nhng mu c bit ca cht khng bnh thng cn nh du r v km theo bn m t v nhng bt thng nhn thy. Nu l nhng cht c hi hoc rt c hi, th d cc axit, cn ghi r rng. Bo qun mu v a v phng th nghim

Mu c chuyn ngay n phng th nghim trnh cc phn ng sinh ha xy ra lm sai lch kt qu. Khi mu c ch n phng th nghim v khng th phn tch ngay th mu cn c bo qun trong nhng iu kin trnh c nhim bn t bn ngoi cng nh bt k thay i no v hm lng ca nhng cht cn xc nh. Nn dng phng lm lnh v ti bo qun mu. Trong trng hp c bit, cn gi in thoi n Phng xt nghim c t vn thm v ha cht bo qun mu ty theo tng ch tiu xt nghim. Trong mi trng hp, nht l khi cn coi sc hng lot mu, cn kim tra s bnh nhn c so vi s bnh theo bn ghi ca mi mu. 2. Ghi chp Cc bnh mu cn c nh du r rng. Mi chi tit v mu cn c ghi ln nhn km theo bnh mu, km thm c kt qu ca nhng php th ti ch (th d pH, oxi ho tan, dn). Nu cn dng nhiu bnh cho mt mu, thng phi nh du bnh bng m s v ghi chp y chi tit v mu vo bn ghi. Nhn v bn ghi phi lun lun hon thnh ngay thi gian ly mu. Bn ghi chi tit ca bo co ly mu ph thuc vo i tng ly mu v ni chung cn gm nhng im sau: STT Thng n s cn v quan trc 1 2 3 pH Nhit 0

cc im quan trc

chnh Ghi ch xc cn (nu c) t c

QL4 QL5 QL6 QL7 QL8

QL1

QL2

QL3

8.5 28

8.6 27 ko xc inh 36 Nu

8.4 26 0.25

8.0 24 0.46

7.7 21 0,5

8 22 0,4

8,5 21 0,3

dn % 0.42 (EC) hoc m/s c NTU Mu 35 Nu

4 5 6 7

34 Nu

33 Nu

32 nu 0,8 1,7

30 nu

39 en

%0 0.77 0.82 0.75 0.7 mn DO 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 - Tn sng

0,03 0,55 1,5 1,8 -

- Ni ly mu - im ly mu - Ngy thng v gi ly mu - Tn ngi ly mu - iu kin thi tit - iu kin dng chy ca vng nc - V ngoi ca mu IV. Kt qu t c 1. Cc thng s o nhanh a) Cc thng s o nhanh ln 1 vo bui sng Bng 12: Cc thng s o nhanh trc cng x STT Thng s n Cc im quan trc QL1 QL2 QL3 QL4 QL5 QL6 cn quan v trc 1 pH 8.7 8.6 8.4 8.9 7,7 8 2 3 Nhit
0

QL7

QL8

chnh xc cn t c

Ghi ch (nu c)

8 20 0,3

30 0.5

32 0.3

28 0.4

25 0.6

19 0,4

19 0,4

dn % (EC) hoc m/s c Mu mn DO NTU %0

4 5 6 7

33 0.7

34 0.9

34 0.68

33

32 en

29 en

40

en en

en en

en -

0.72 0,8

0,03 0.07 -

1.4 1.5 1.8 1.6 1,2 1,4 1.3 b) Cc thng s o nhanh ln 2 vo bui chiu Cc thng s o nhanh sau cng x Ring im QL 8 on sau khi qua qun H ng c nhng thng s sau STT Thng s n v Thi gian quan trc chnh xc Ghi ch cn quan trc cn t c (nu c) Ln 1 Ln 2 1 2 3 pH 0 Nhit C dn (EC) % hoc m/s 8 22 0,2 7,6 23 0,3

NTU

37

35

5 Mu xm xm 6 mn %0 0,05 0,03 7 DO 1,5 1,8 2. S mu thu c Mi a im ly mu ti hin trng cn ly cc mu sau: + Mu nc mt: 30 chai mu, su 30 - 50cm. + Mu du, m: 4 chai mu thy tinh + Mu trng vn chuyn: 16 mu cng vi mu chnh