CHNG I GII THIU NGN NG C I Cac ngn ng lp trnh bc cao: Cac ngn ng bc cao u oi hoi mt trnh bin dch

h (Compiler) hoc thng dch (Interpreter) dch cac lnh cua ngn ng lp trnh bc cao sang cac lnh mc thp may co th thc hin c. ging nh mt trnh hp Mt trnh bin dch dch (Assembler), nhng lai phuc tap hn nhiu. Trnh bin dch co s tng ng 1-1 gia cac lnh cua hp ng va cac lnh may. Ngc lai, mt lnh n gian cua ngn ng bc cao Vic tach mtnhiung lp trnh xa khoi ngn co th a ra ngn lnh may. ng may la rt kho khn trnh bin dch biu din cac tac vu cua no. Nhng cac ngn ng bc cao cang tach xa cu truc may tnh th mang n cho ta hai iu thun li:

 Cac ngn ng bc cao tach lp trnh vin khoi cac c tnh cu th cua mi cu truc may tnh. Cac chng trnh vit bng ngn ng bc cao th d oc va d bao tr. V du: Chng trnh ngn ng bc cao: a=b+c-2 Chng trnh vit bng hp ng: LW R1, b LW R2, c ADD R3, R1, R2 LW R4, 2 SUB R5, R3, R4 SW a, R5

ASSEMBLY: MOV AX, b MOV BX, c ADD AX, BX SUB AX, 2 MOV a, AX

II Lch s phat trin cua ngn ng C: Phat trin bi Brian Kernighan va Dennis Ritchie tai phong th nghim AT&Bell nm 1972 Ban u la mt ngnng lp trnh h thng, la ngn ng vit cac h iu hanh va cac tin ch v h thng Nm 1983 th Vin Tiu Chun Quc Gia Hoa Ky (Amrecan National Satndards Institute) chnh thc cng nhnth T Chc Tiu Chun Quc T Nm 1989 (International StandardS Organization) chnh thc cng nhn. Nm 1990 th phin ban chun c thng qua ln cui cung, c hiu mt cach n gian nh la C chun (Standard C K t o ngn ng C c hiu la K&R C