7-9

2012

7-9 ,
,

5-,

:
5-6
7-9 , "Vista", 2004 12

.
.

: +38095-319-95-18
www.abx.at.ua
-mail: abxabx@email.ua


1."Vista",
2012

ac =a
a + b =/
bc/1
b

2.

a b / c = da bc
b
d
bd

d/

a c = ac
b d bd
a : c = a d = ad
b d b c bc
ac/ 1 = a
bc/1 b
n

x2 1 2x + 2
:
=
15 x 3 y 10 x 2 y

2/

( x 1)( x + 1) 10 x/ 2 y/
x 1

=
15 x/ 3 y/
2/ ( x + 1)
3x
3x

a b = ( a + b )

a (b) = a + b

7 3 = 10
7 + 3 = 4
7 + 8 = 1 5 8 = 3
5 (6) = 5 + 6 = 11

a (b) = + ab
a b = ab
a (b) = ab
a : ( b) = a : b
a : ( +b) = ( a : b)
b : (a ) = (b : a )

n n

2
a b = (a b) = a 2 2ab + b 2

3
3 2
(7 x )
49 x 6
7x

n
a = a
n
b
b

m +n

x/
a 1=aan
1 1 =
1 aa
n
1)am ==
n
x 1 x 2 x ( x 1)( x +
na n m n
\ x +1
ba
x ( x + 1) ab : a =
1
n
n

=
=
x( x 1) x( x 1)( x + 1) am nn
nmbnbn
a
)
=
a
(
ab
)
=
a
1
1 = 1 =
=
=
a
3
x( x 1)( x + 1)
x( x 2 1a
)01b=
x1
ax
2

5 (2) = 10
6 2 = 12
3 ( 5) = 15
10 : (2) = 5

8 : 4 = 2
9 : (3) = 3

3.
ab = a b a 0, b 0
a = a
b
b

a2 = a

a 0, b > 0

( a)

a 2n = a n

=a a0

c = c d = c d
d
d
d d
c(a b )
c(a b )
c =
=
a2 b
a + b (a + b )(a b )
a0
a ,
a =
a , a < 0

4.
ab = a b
2

= a2

5.

10

7 5

I.
+ (a b + c) = a b + c
(a b + c) = a + b c
m(a b + c ) = ma mb + mc
( x y )(a b) =
= xa xb ya + yb

(a + b) = a + 2ab + b
2

3a 2 6a = 3a(a 2)

( x y) 2 + ( x y ) =
= ( x y )( x y + 1)

II.
a b = (a b)(a + b)
2

a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = (a + b) 2

(a b)(a + b) = a 2 b 2
2

I.

a 2 2ab + b 2 = (a b) 2
2

a 3 + b 3 = (a + b)(a 2 ab + b 2 )

(a b) 2 = a 2 2ab + b 2

a 3 b 3 = (a b)( a 2 + ab + b 2 )

(a b) 3 = a 3 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 b 3

II.

5 x 3a 2 7 x 7 a 2 + 5 =

= 2 x 10a 2 + 5

III.
3 x 2 xy + 2 x 2 3 y =
= x(3 + 2 x) y (2 x + 3) =
= (2 x + 3)( x y )

IV.

ax 2 + bx + c = a ( x x1 )( x x2 )

x1 , x2

2
:
b b 2 4ac

ax 2 + bx + c = a x +

2
3x 6 x + 8 = 3( x 1)2 + 5
2a
4a

6.

,
,
,

.

(11 x) = 9 x 5( x + 1),
11 + x = 9 x 5 x 5,
x 9 x + 5 x = 5 + 11,
3x = 6,
|: ( 3)
x = 2.
x 3 + 3 x 2 x 3 = 0,
x 2 ( x + 3) ( x + 3) = 0,

,
= 0

( x + 3)( x 2 1) = 0,
x + 3 = 0 x 2 1 = 0
x1 = 3

( x 1)( x + 1) = 0,
x 1 = 0 x + 1 = 0,
x2 = 1,
x3 = 1.
x 4 7 x 2 + 12 = 0.
x 2 = y ,

y 2 7 y + 12 = 0,
y1 = 3,
y2 = 4,
x 2 = 3,

x 2 = 4,

x1 = 3,

x3 = 2,

x2 = 3 ,

x4 = 2.

ax = b
7

ax = b, a 0
x=b
a
.

b
a

a = 0, b 0
0x = 3

a = 0, b = 0
0x = 0

. o/

. x R

x =0
x4 = 1
x 5 = 1 x 4 = 1
o/
x = 0 x1 = 1; x2 = 1 x = 1
4

x 5 = 1
x = 1

P ( x) = 0, (1)
P( x)
= 0;
Q( x)
Q( x ) 0; ( 2)

(1),
(2).

ax 2 + bx + c = 0

D = b 2 4ac
D<0
D=0

D>0

x1 = x2 = b
2a

x1 = b D ; x 2 = b + D
2a
2a

x1 + x2 = b ; x1 x2 = c
a
a
7.
8


2) 3x + 2(2 x 5) = 4,
2 x y = 5,

3x + 2 y = 4;
3 x + 4 x 10 = 4,
1.
7 x = 14,
1) 2 x y = 5,

y = 2 x + 5, |: ( 1) x = 2.
2.
3) y = 2 2 5 = 1
y = 2 x 5;
...
3.
. (2; 1)

x 2 + y 2 +3 x =8,
2
2
= 5; | ( 1)
x + y
2
2

x + y +3 x =8,

2
2
= 5;

x y

3 x = 3;
x =1.
12 + y 2 = 5;
y 2 =4
y1 = 2; y 2 = 2.

x2 +
y2 +
3x =
8,
2
x +
y2
=
5;

|
(
1)

x2 +
y2 +
3x =
8,

x2
y2
=

5;

3x =
3;
x =
1.
12 +
y2 =
5;
y2 =
4
y1 =
2;

y2 =

2.

. (1;2); (1;2)
x + y + = 3,

xy( + y ) = 2;
x + y = t,

xy = u;
t + u = 3,

tu = 2 ;
t = 3 u ( )
( 3 u )u = 2...


1.
;
2.
.

( x + 3) 2 + ( y 2) 2 = 25,

xy = 4;
( x + 3) 2 + ( y 2) 2 = 25
( 3;2),
5;
y = 4 ( x 0)
x

X Y
-8 -0.5
-2 -2
-1 -4
0
1 4
2 2
4 1

x1 7.2; y1 0.6;
x 2 1.5; y 2 2.8;
x3 0.8; y 3 5.3;
x 4 = 2; y 4 = 2; ( )

9
10

8.

4( a + 8) 7(a 1) 12,
4a + 32 7 a + 7 12,
4a 7 a 12 32 7,
3a 27 |: (3),

a9

[ 9; + ) .

5 x + 11x 6 > 0,
2

5 x 2 + 11x 6 = 0,
x1 = 1; x 2 = 1,2

(
,

0)

1,2

(1; 1,2).

x 2 2x + 1
0
x 24
2
x 2 x + 1 = 0,
x1 = x 2 = 1,

x 24 0
x3 24.

24

( ; + 24).

11

x3 > x 2 + 2
y = x 3
y = x 2 + 2 ,
;

y = x 2 2 .
x 3 > x 2 + 2 x (1; + )

y=x

12

X
-2
-1
0
1
2

Y
-8
-1
0
1
8

y=-x2+2

9.

x
4 0,

2
3x
15 x <0;

x
4 0,
x 4

1)

x
4
0,

2
3x
1
5 x <
0;

x
4
0,
x
4

3x 2 15 x < 0,
3x 2 15 x = 0,
3x( x 5) = 0,
x1 = 0, x2 = 5

0
2)

13

[ 4; 5) .

(
)

a + b 2 ab , a 0, b 0
10.
p

At = A0 1 +

100

0
t
p

11.

1; 3; 5; 7; 9

a1 = 1 ( )

1; 2; 4; 8; 16

b1 = 1 ( )

d = 2 ( )

q = 2 ( )

an (n )

bn (n )

S n ( n )

S n ( n )

14

q=

d = an+1 an

bn+1
bn

bn = b1q n1

an = a1 + (n 1)d
a1 + an
q 1
n
2
2a + (n
1)dq = 1
= 1
n
2

Sn =

Sn =

bn q b1
q 1

b1 (q n 1)
,
q 1
S n = b1n ,
n-

an =

an 1 + a n+1
2

bn2 = bn1bn+1

b
S = 1 ,
q <1
1 q

13
13
15

y = x3
y = xn
yy == xx2

y = kx + b
y = kx
y=b
y=

k
x

b 4ac b 2

2a ; 4 a

y = ax 2 + bx + c

( x x0 )2 + ( y y0 )2 = R 2

x2 + y 2 = R2
y = R2 x2
y = R2 x2

12.

,
, (0;0)

, x
I III ,
k>0

II IV ,
k<0
;

, a>0
, a<0

n-

R (x0;y0)

R (0;0)

(0;0)

y = x2 + 2x + 3
;
(m;n),
m=

2
= 1; n = 12 + 2 1 + 3 = 4;
2( 1)

.
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y -5 0 3 4 3 0 -5

16



y = x 2 + 2x + 3
(
D( y ) : x R
x)

E ( y) : y 4
(
y)
f ( x) = ( x) 2 + 2( x) + 3 = x 2 2 x + 3

y

x (
)

f ( x) = ( x 2 + 2 x + 3) = x 2 2 x 3
f ( x) f ( x), f ( x) f ( x)

x=0
y = 0 2 + 0 + 3 = 3; (0;3)
y = 0, x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0
x1 = 1, x2 = 3
y > 0 x ( 1;3)
y < 0 x ( ;1) (3; )

y x ( ;1]

ymax = 4 x = 1

y x [1; )

ymin

17

 y=f(x)
y = f ( x) + n

f(x)
y n

y = f ( x + m)

f(x)
x
-m

y = f (x)
y = f ( x)
y = f (kx)
k >0
y = kf ( x)
k >0

y =| f ( x) |

f(x) x

f(x) y
f(x)
y k
f(x)
x k

f(x)


x

f(x)

y = f (| x |)


y

18