2012 Census of Facebook Users in Malaysia - Dec2012

2012 Census Facebook Users in Malaysia
December 2012
A description of the population of Facebook users in Malaysia, based on characteristics and interests that would be most relevant to political analysts
Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012
Executive Summary
This document describes the population of Facebook users in Malaysia based on public information collected from Facebook. The goal is to provide a point of reference for social media marketing and a report on Malaysian interest in politics. Personal characteristics and interests in topics such as Pakatan Rakyat (PR), Barisan Nasional (BN), coalition leaders, Bersih, 1Malaysia and both mainstream media (MSM) and online alternative media publications were measured by age group and gender. Users interested in a topic are considered the fan-base for that topic. Research focused on potential voters (users aged 21 years and above).
Findings
Malaysia has a total population of 13.5 million Facebook users. The population is maledominant - 53% are male and 47% are female. Out of the total population, 9 million are potential voters 54% are male and 46% are female. Results of the analysis show that men are more interested in politics than women, but the overall population has little interest in politics. Only 8.8% of total potential voters expressed interest in PR and BN parties. The research drew attention to a possible relationship between the male-female ratios of each topics fan-base: Female bias was present in the fan-base for Malay-language MSM, Chinese-language MSM. Female bias was strongest in the fan-base for 1Malaysia. Male bias was present in the fan-base for English-language MSM and Barisan Nasional parties. Male bias was strongest in the fan-base for Pakatan Rakyat parties, Bersih and online alternative media.
For female-dominated topics, there is 1Malaysia and Malay-language MSM. The 1Malaysia brand is associated with BN and Malay-language MSM tends to give more coverage to BN parties. For male-dominated topics, there is PR, Bersih and online alternative media. Bersih is a coalition of non-governmental organisations (NGO) seeking electoral reform. Bersih is strongly supported by PR. Online alternative media tends to give more coverage to PR parties compared to mainstream media. PRs fan-base is 1.5 times larger than BNs fan-base. However the gap between BN and PR is small when it comes to women and PRs fan-base is more male dominant compared to BN. This means that BN can overtake PR when it comes to potential women voters.
2012 by Politweet Enterprise
Conclusion
Population growth in November showed that both BN and PRs fan-base were becoming less male-dominant. However BN started with a more favourable position in terms of gender balance. Both 1Malaysia and Malay-language MSM have a female-dominant fan-base, which is a good market for BN to draw users from. PR does not have a female-dominant source to draw from. Bersih and online alternative media are too male-dominant. The main source left to draw from are women who currently do not show an interest in politics, which is a challenge faced by both coalitions. This places BN in a better position than PR to increase its share of interest from potential women voters.
Table of Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Key points............................................................................................................................................ 6 National Demographics........................................................................................................................... 9 Key points............................................................................................................................................ 9 Age and gender ................................................................................................................................. 10 Potential voters ................................................................................................................................. 12 Relationship status............................................................................................................................ 14 Residents in Klang Valley .................................................................................................................. 16 Other characteristics ......................................................................................................................... 17 Comparison with the National Census.............................................................................................. 17 Malaysian interest in politics ................................................................................................................ 18 Key points.......................................................................................................................................... 18 General interest in politics ................................................................................................................ 20 Interest in Barisan Nasional (BN) ...................................................................................................... 21 Interest in Pakatan Rakyat (PR)......................................................................................................... 24 Comparison of Barisan Nasional (BN) and Pakatan Rakyat (PR) ....................................................... 27 Interest in Prime Minister Najib Razak ............................................................................................. 30 Interest in Federal Opposition Leader Anwar Ibrahim ..................................................................... 31 Interest in 1Malaysia......................................................................................................................... 32 Interest in Bersih ............................................................................................................................... 33 Malaysian interest in mainstream and alternative media .................................................................... 34 Key points.......................................................................................................................................... 34 Malay Mainstream Media ................................................................................................................. 35 English Mainstream Media ............................................................................................................... 37 Chinese Mainstream Media .............................................................................................................. 39 Online Alternative Media (mixed language) ..................................................................................... 41
2012 Census: Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Introduction
This document describes the population of Facebook users in Malaysia based on public information collected from Facebook in November and December 2012. Characteristics and interests were chosen based on what would be most relevant to political analysts. Statistics mainly cover users from ages 21-64 years, and were collected during the first week of November and the first week of December 2012. Some important notes to remember when interpreting figures: 1. 2. 3. 4. Total population refers to Facebook users aged 13 years and above. Potential voters refer to Facebook users aged 21 years and above. Youth refers to Facebook users aged 13 20 years. The male-female (m/f) ratio is the number of males per 100 females in the population. a. A male ratio above 100 means there are more males than females b. A male ratio below 100 means there are more females than males c. A reduction in the ratio means the proportion of females has increased d. An increase in the ratio means the proportion of males has increased e. For example, an m/f ratio of 242:100 means there are 242 males per 100 females. Gender breakdown figures do not add up to the total. This is because not all Facebook users state their gender, and may also be due to rounding errors by Facebook when dealing with specific age groups. Figures provided by Facebook are estimates, with a margin of error between +/- 0.01% 0.1%. Facebook users residing in Malaysia are not necessarily Malaysian citizens. Interest in a topic is equal to the number of Facebook Likes for that topic. a. To measure interest we used a combination of Facebook Topics (a collection of interests, activities, groups, pages and job history identified by a common term determined by Facebook e.g. United Malays National Organization) and specific Group and Page names (e.g. Pemuda Umno Malaysia). b. These are used to collect the number of Likes for a given party/coalition/politician/group. c. Fan-base refers to the population of users that like a topic. Based on our research to date, Pages that are of type politician are generally not included under related Facebook Topics. For example, Tony Pua (MP, PJ Utara, DAP) likes are not included under DAP likes. However because Facebook does not make Topic details available we cannot determine which politicians, if any, were included.
5.
6. 7. 8.
9.
Intended Audience
This document is intended to be read by social media marketers/analysts, journalists, academics, politicians, activists and political party campaigners who are familiar with Facebook and have an interest in population demographics and interests of Facebook users in Malaysia.
About us
Politweet is a non-partisan research firm analysing interactions among Malaysians using social media. We have been monitoring politics and activism on Twitter since 2009 and expanded to include Facebook in November 2012. Our commercial services include data visualisation, data collection, follower census and analysis services in social media. If you would like to perform a census for your country or organisation please contact us.
Contact Details
Email: admin@politweet.org Facebook: www.facebook.com/politweet Twitter: @politweetorg Website: www.politweet.org
Data sources
Data used in preparing this document was sourced from Facebook, the Election Commission of Malaysia and the Department of Statistics (Malaysia).
List of Acronyms
The following is a list of acronyms used in this document. Acronym PR BN UMNO GERAKAN MCA MIC PKR DAP PAS Full name Pakatan Rakyat Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (also known as PGRM) Malaysian Chinese Association Malaysian Indian Congress Parti Keadilan Rakyat Democratic Action Party Parti Islam Se-Malaysia
Key points
National Demographics
Malaysia has a total population of 13.5 million Facebook users. The population is male-dominant, with an m/f ratio of 115:100. 53% are male and 47% are female. The population is youth-dominant, with 71.76% of users aged 13-30 years. 39.32% of users are in the age group 21-30, and 32.44% of users below 21. Based on a projected population size for 2012, 46.01% of Malaysians are on Facebook (assuming people do not own multiple Facebook accounts) 2.9 million users are single. Men outnumber women with an m/f ratio of 122:100. 1.6 million users are in a relationship. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 92:100. 354 thousand users are engaged. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 88:100. 2.48 million users are married. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 83:100. Single men outnumber single women in every age group, most significantly between 2138 years. Married women aged between 21-39 years outnumber married men in every age group. 6.5 million users (48%) are located in Klang Valley (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor). The m/f ratio is 117:100. 54% are male and 46% are female. 9 million users are potential voters aged above 21, with an m/f ratio of 119:100. 54% are male and 46% are female. Based on estimates from the electoral roll, there are at most 6.3 million voters are on Facebook. 5.1 million potential voters are using mobile devices. 687 thousand users use Twitter. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 76:100.
Malaysian Interest in Politics

General Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 801 thousand like Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Barisan Nasional (BN) combined. This indicates an implicit lack of interest in political parties. Interest in politics is male-dominant with an m/f ratio of 175:100. 64% are male and 36% are female. Women are showing an increased interest in politics. Barisan Nasional 372 thousand potential voters like BN. 61% are male and 39% are female. The m/f ratio is 154:100. UMNO has the most likes within BN with 64.43% of total likes. GERAKAN is 2nd with 33.37% of total likes, MCA with 7.23% of total likes and MIC with 5.23% of total likes. UMNO attracts the highest percentage of men and women within BN. However it has an m/f ratio of 200:100, compared to GERAKAN which has an m/f ratio of 102:100. 44 thousand potential voters who like BN use Twitter. 6
Pakatan Rakyat 573 thousand potential voters like PR. 68% are male and 32% are female. The m/f ratio is 209:100. DAP has the most likes within PR with 56.12% of total likes. This is followed by PKR with 44.32% of total likes and PAS with 32.18% of total likes. DAP attracts the highest percentage of men and women within PR. Both DAP and PKR have a male-dominant fan-base with over 70% of each partys likes coming from men. 46 thousand potential voters who like PR use Twitter. Comparison of BN and PR PR has more likes than BN in every age group. PR has more male and female likes than BN in every age group. However the gap is narrow for female likes, which means BN can overtake PR in likes from potential women voters. BN likes have grown at a faster rate than PR in November, narrowing the gap between both coalitions. BNs highest growth was in men aged 21-30 years, while PRs highest growth was in women aged 21-30 years Other Topics Prime Minister Najib Razak has 969 thousand likes from potential voters, with an m/f ratio of 117:100. 54% are male and 46% are female. His fan-base grew less maledominant in November. Federal Opposition Leader Anwar Ibrahim has 357 thousand likes from potential voters, with an m/f ratio of 204:100. 67% are male and 33% are female. His fan-base grew more male-dominant in November. 1Malaysia has 1.07 million likes from potential voters, with an m/f ratio of 84:100. 46% are male and 54% are female. The fan-base is grew more female-dominant in November. Bersih has 275 thousand likes from potential voters, with an m/f ratio of 242:100. 71% are male and 29% are female. Female likes have reduced in November and the fan-base grew more male-dominant.
Malaysian Interest in Mainstream and Alternative Media

For mainstream media, Malay-language media have a much larger user-base compared to English-language media. The gap between the leading publications in both languages is large - Berita Harian has 710 thousand likes, while The Star only has 82 thousand likes. For online alternative media, Malaysiakini has the largest user-base with 295 thousand likes. This is inclusive of its English, Malay and Chinese Pages. Malay-language MSM tends to have a female-dominant fan-base, with an average m/f ratio of 75:100. English-language MSM tends to have a male-dominant fan-base, with an average m/f ratio of 138:100.
Chinese-language MSM tends to have a female-dominant fan-base, with an average m/f ratio of 94:100. Alternative media tends to have a male-dominant fan-base, with an average m/f ratio of 259:100. Alternative media have the most male-dominant fan-base of the topics measured in this census, with Malaysia Today having an m/f ratio of 311:100 and The Malaysian Insider having an m/f ratio of 300:100.
National Demographics
The information in this section is about personal characteristics of the national population.
Key points
Malaysia has a total population of 13.5 million Facebook users. The population is male-dominant, with an m/f ratio of 115:100. 53% are male and 47% are female. The population is youth-dominant, with 71.76% of users aged 13-30 years. 39.32% of users are in the age group 21-30, and 32.44% of users below 21. Based on a projected population size for 2012, 46.01% of Malaysians are on Facebook (assuming people do not own multiple Facebook accounts) 2.9 million users are single. Men outnumber women with an m/f ratio of 122:100. 1.6 million users are in a relationship. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 92:100. 354 thousand users are engaged. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 88:100. 2.48 million users are married. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 83:100. Single men outnumber single women in every age group, most significantly between 2138 years. Married women aged between 21-39 years outnumber married men in every age group. 6.5 million users (48%) are located in Klang Valley (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor). The m/f ratio is 117:100. 54% are male and 46% are female. 9 million users are potential voters aged above 21, with an m/f ratio of 119:100. 54% are male and 46% are female. Based on estimates from the electoral roll, there are at most 6.3 million voters are on Facebook. 5.1 million potential voters are using mobile devices. 687 thousand users use Twitter. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 76:100.
Age and gender

Malaysia has a total population of 13.5 million Facebook users. There are 7.2 million men and 6.2 million women (gender proportion shown in Figure 1). The m/f ratio is 115:100.
Figure 1. National Population by Gender

Male Female
47% 53%
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Figure 2. Population Pyramid for Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

65+ -1.16 0.57
61-64
-0.39
0.24
56-60
-0.93
0.75
51-55
-1.81
1.66
46-50 Age group (years) 41-45
-2.67
2.66
% female
-4.27 4.13 % male
36-40
-6.43
6.49
31-35
-11.09
10.84
26-30
-16.10
15.87
21-25 30 25
-23.72 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15
22.93 20 25 30
Percent
Figure 2 shows the percentage of men and women in each age group (21 years and above) over the total population. For example, 23.72% of male users are aged 21-25. For users aged above 21 years, Facebook is a male-dominated platform. Men outnumber women in the total population, with an m/f ratio of 115:100. 68.6% of men are aged above 21 years, while 66% of women are aged above 21 years. For the total population, Facebook is a youth-dominated platform. 71.76% of users are aged 13 30 years. 39.32% of users are in the age group 21-30, while 32.44% of users are below 21. The total population grew by 1.98% (261 thousand) in November. The male population grew by 1.81% (128 thousand) while the female population grew by 1.94% (118 thousand). The m/f ratio remained unchanged at 115:100. Female growth was higher than male growth for age groups 31-40 and 41-50, as shown in Figure 3.
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Figure 3. National Population Growth by Gender, Nov-Dec 2012

Male Growth 60000 Facebook users 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 21-30 31-40 41-50 >50 Age group (years) 48920 33760 17900 19100 Female Growth
8100
11600
8120
6020
Potential voters
Out of the total population, there are 9.1 million users above 21 years old who are potential voters (proportion shown in Figure 4). There are 4.9 million men and 4.1 million women (gender proportion shown in Figure 5). The m/f ratio is 119:100.
Figure 4. National Population (Voting Age)

Above voting age Below voting age
Figure 5. Potential voters by Gender

Male Female
32% 46% 54% 68%
Potential voters grew by 1.67% (149 thousand) in November. The male population grew by 1.66% (80 thousand) while the female population grew by 1.69% (68 thousand). Potential voter growth was concentrated in users aged 22, 24, 25 and 32. The m/f ratio remained unchanged at 119:100.
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As of end-June 2012 Malaysia has 13 million registered voters. Figure 6 shows the gap between registered voters and potential voters on Facebook.
Figure 6. Malaysia: Facebook Users (1st Dec 2012) vs Registered Voters (30th June 2012)
Facebook Users 900000 800000 700000 Users / Voters 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 Age (years) Registered Voters
Because of the 5 month gap between datasets, we can only do a rough estimate of the possible reach for Facebook political campaigning. This can be done by calculating the intersection between registered voters and Facebook users. This is the area below the blue line (registered voters) from 21 33 years old added with the area below the red line (Facebook users) from 33 64 years old. In conclusion, there are an estimated total of 6.3 million voters on Facebook.
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Relationship status
Facebook has 5 relationship statuses available for users Single, In a Relationship, Married, Engaged and Not specified. Out of the total population of 13.5 million: 2.9 million users are single. Men outnumber women with an m/f ratio of 122:100. 1.6 million users are in a relationship. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 92:100. 354 thousand users are engaged. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 88:100. 2.48 million users are married. Women outnumber men with an m/f ratio of 83:100. 5.94 million users do not specify their relationship status. Married women aged between 21- 39 years outnumber married men in every age group. Single men between outnumber single women in every age group, most significantly between 21-38 years.
The following table lists the breakdown of users by gender and relationship status. Relationship status Single In a relationship Engaged Married Not specified TOTAL % of total population 2927940 21.76 1596780 11.87 354020 2475980 5938720 13293440 2.63 18.40 44.13 Total Male 1604520 764080 165380 1120740 3422520 7077240 Female 1317480 829100 187900 1345500 2473900 6153880 m/f ratio 122:100 92:100 88:100 83:100 138:100
The proportion of the population for each relationship status is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. National Population by Relationship Status

22% Single 45% 12% In a relationship Engaged Married Not specified 3% 18%
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Figure 8 shows the gap between married men and women. Married women outnumber married men in every age group until the age of 39 years.
Figure 8. Married Facebook Users in Malaysia by Age, Dec 2012

Married Male 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 Married Female
Figure 9 shows the gap between single men and women. Single men outnumber single women in every age group, most significantly between ages 21 38 years.
Figure 9. Single Facebook Users in Malaysia by Age, Dec 2012

Single Male Single Female
160000
140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63
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Residents in Klang Valley

Out of the total population of 13.5 million users, 6.5 million (48%) are located in Klang Valley (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor). The m/f ratio is 117:100.
Figure 10. National Population, Place of Residence

Klang Valley Outside Klang Valley
Figure 11. National Population in Klang Valley, by Gender

Male Female
52%
48%
46% 54%
Out of the total potential voter population of 9 million users, 4.8 million (52.33%) are located in Klang Valley. The m/f ratio is 121:100.
Figure 12. Potential Voters, Place of Residence

Klang Valley Outside Klang Valley
Figure 13. Potential Voters in Klang Valley, by Gender

Male Female
48%
45%
52% 55%
As of June 2012, Kuala Lumpur and Selangor combined have 2.8 million registered voters. It is likely that a percentage of the Klang Valley users are residing in Klang Valley but registered to vote in other states. However there is no effective way to measure the amount. The high percentage of Facebook users in Klang Valley makes evaluating state-level interest in topics difficult. The number of users obtained in other states is less representative of the states population.
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Other characteristics
Out of the total population of 13.5 million users: 687 thousand (5.1%) use Twitter. The m/f ratio is 76:100.
Out of the total potential voter population of 9 million users: 5.1 million (56.59%) use mobile devices. The m/f ratio is 112:100. 330 thousand (3.6%) use Twitter. The m/f ratio is 86:100.
Comparison with the National Census

The Department of Statistics (Malaysia) conducted a Population and Housing Census of Malaysia in 2010. Using those figures we can estimate the percentage of the population that is on Facebook. This is assuming people do not own multiple Facebook accounts and population demographics remained mostly unchanged. According to the 2010 Census, Malaysia has 28.3 million people. 20 million people are aged 15 years and above. Assuming a steady growth rate of 1.6% per annum, by 2012 Malaysia would have an estimated total population of 29.25 million people, with 21.17 million aged 15 and above. Malaysia has a total population of 13.5 million Facebook users. Based on the estimated total population for 2012, 46.01% of Malaysians are on Facebook.
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Malaysian interest in politics

The information in this section is about political interests of the voting population (users aged above 21 years old). Statistics in this section referring to political parties and coalitions do not specifically include Facebook Pages of politicians. They do include political party Pages, Groups, supporter groups, party organs and people employed by the party. The only exception is Harakah (PAS party organ) which was not included under Facebooks Pakatan Rakyat topics. There is overlap between statistics for individual parties, because people tend to like more than one party within the same coalition.
Key points
General Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 801 thousand like Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Barisan Nasional (BN) combined. This indicates an implicit lack of interest in political parties. Interest in politics is male-dominant with an m/f ratio of 175:100. 64% are male and 36% are female. Women are showing an increased interest in politics.
Barisan Nasional 372 thousand potential voters like BN. 61% are male and 39% are female. The m/f ratio is 154:100. UMNO has the most likes within BN with 64.43% of total likes. GERAKAN is 2nd with 33.37% of total likes, MCA with 7.23% of total likes and MIC with 5.23% of total likes. UMNO attracts the highest percentage of men and women within BN. However it has an m/f ratio of 200:100, compared to GERAKAN which has an m/f ratio of 102:100. 44 thousand potential voters who like BN use Twitter.
Pakatan Rakyat 573 thousand potential voters like PR. 68% are male and 32% are female. The m/f ratio is 209:100. DAP has the most likes within PR with 56.12% of total likes. This is followed by PKR with 44.32% of total likes and PAS with 32.18% of total likes. DAP attracts the highest percentage of men and women within PR. Both DAP and PKR have a male-dominant fan-base with over 70% of each partys likes coming from men. 46 thousand potential voters who like PR use Twitter.
Comparison of BN and PR PR has more likes than BN in every age group.
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PR has more male and female likes than BN in every age group. However the gap is narrow for female likes, which means BN can overtake PR in likes from potential women voters. BN likes have grown at a faster rate than PR in November, narrowing the gap between both coalitions. BNs highest growth was in men aged 21-30 years, while PRs highest growth was in women aged 21-30 years
Other Topics Prime Minister Najib Razak has 969 thousand likes from potential voters, with an m/f ratio of 117:100. 54% are male and 46% are female. His fan-base grew less maledominant in November. Federal Opposition Leader Anwar Ibrahim has 357 thousand likes from potential voters, with an m/f ratio of 204:100. 67% are male and 33% are female. His fan-base grew more male-dominant in November. 1Malaysia has 1.07 million likes from potential voters, with an m/f ratio of 84:100. 46% are male and 54% are female. The fan-base is grew more female-dominant in November. Bersih has 275 thousand likes from potential voters, with an m/f ratio of 242:100. 71% are male and 29% are female. Female likes have reduced in November and the fan-base grew more male-dominant.
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General interest in politics

Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 801 thousand (8.8%) like Barisan Nasional and Pakatan Rakyat combined (Figure 14). This low percentage indicates an implicit lack of interest in political parties.
Figure 14. Potential Voter Interest (Political Parties)

Interested Not interested 9%
Figure 15. Potential Voters Interested in Political Parties, by Gender

Male Female
36%
64%
91%
There are 507 thousand men and 289 thousand women. The m/f ratio is 175:100. The population grew by 8.53% (63 thousand) in November. The male population grew by 6.27% (30 thousand) while the female population grew by 12.77% (33 thousand). The m/f ratio has reduced from 186:100 to 175:100. In summary, political party interest remains male-dominated but women are showing an increased interest in political parties.
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Interest in Barisan Nasional (BN)

Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 372 thousand (4.1%) like Barisan Nasional component parties (and supporter groups). There are 225 thousand men and 146 thousand women. The m/f ratio is 154:100.
Figure 16. Potential Voter Interest (BN)

Figure 17. Potential Voters Interested in BN, by Gender

Male Female
39%
61%
96%
The population grew by 14.07% (46 thousand) in November. The male population grew by 13.25% (26 thousand) while the female population grew by 15.34% (19 thousand). The m/f ratio has reduced from 157:100 to 154:100. This indicates that BNs popularity among women has increased, making the fan-base less maledominant.
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Component Party Likes Figure 18. Barisan Nasional Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs) by Party Dec 2012
UMNO GERAKAN MCA MIC
300,000
250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 UMNO GERAKAN MCA MIC 26,980 124,440 240,280
19,540
Figure 18 shows the total likes for the top four parties. The data is in the following table. Party UMNO GERAKAN MCA MIC Potential Voter Likes 240280 124440 26980 19540 % of BN 64.43% 33.37% 7.23% 5.23%
UMNO has the most likes within BN, with 64.43% of total likes. This is followed by GERAKAN which has 33.37% of total likes, MCA with 7.23% of total likes and MIC with 5.23% of total likes.
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Component Party Likes by Gender Figure 19. Barisan Nasional Component Party Likes (>=21 yrs) by Gender, Dec 2012
UMNO GERAKAN MCA MIC
180,000
160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000
159,380
80,000
60,000 40,000 20,000 0
79,580 62,480 61,440
19,740
11,400
7,060 Female
8,080
Male
Figure 19 shows the total likes by gender for the top four parties. The data is in the following table. Party UMNO GERAKAN MCA MIC Male 159380 62480 19740 11400 % of party 66.33% 50.21% 73.17% 58.34% % of BN 70.77% 27.74% 8.77% 5.06% Female 79580 61440 7060 8080 % of party 33.12% 49.37% 26.17% 41.35% % of BN 54.54% 42.11% 4.84% 5.54% m/f Ratio 200:100 102:100 280:100 141:100
UMNO attracts the highest percentage of men and women - 70.77% of male likes and 54.54% of female likes of BN. GERAKAN is 2nd highest with 27.74% of male likes and 42.11% of female likes. MIC has more female likes than MCA, despite having a smaller overall total. Unlike UMNOs male-dominant fan-base with an m/f ratio of 200:100, GERAKAN has a more balanced m/f ratio of 102:100. Where GERAKANs users came from was not obvious, as Dr Koh Tsu Koons Page only has 2379 likes, and GERAKANs official Page only has 1146 likes. A search on Facebook revealed that many users list Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN) in their work history, which contributed to GERAKANs total likes.
Twitter Usage
44 thousand potential voters who like BN use Twitter.
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Interest in Pakatan Rakyat (PR)

Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 573 thousand (6.3%) like Pakatan Rakyat component parties (and supporter groups). There are 385 thousand men and 184 thousand women. The m/f ratio is 209:100.
Figure 20. Potential Voter Interest (PR)

Figure 21. Potential Voters Interested in PR, by Gender

Male Female
32%
68% 94%
The population grew by 7.54% (40 thousand) in November. The male population grew by 4.36% (16 thousand) while the female population grew by 15.00% (24 thousand). The m/f ratio has reduced from 230:100 to 209:100. This indicates that PRs popularity among women has increased, making the fan-base less maledominant.
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Component Party Likes Figure 22. Pakatan Rakyat Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs) by Party Dec 2012
DAP PKR PAS
350,000
300,000
321,920 254,220
250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 DAP PKR PAS
184,580
Figure 22 shows the total likes for the top four parties. The data is in the following table. Party DAP PKR PAS Potential Voter Likes 321920 254220 184580 % of PR 56.12% 44.32% 32.18%
DAP has the most likes within PR, with 56.12% of total likes. This is followed by PKR with 44.32% of total likes and PAS with 32.18% of total likes.
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Component Party Likes by Gender Figure 23. Pakatan Rakyat Component Party Likes (>=21 yrs) by Gender Dec 2012
DAP PKR PAS
250,000
200,000 150,000
226,380 178,640
117,140 100,000 50,000 0 Male Female 92,700 73,840 66,680
Figure 23 shows the total likes by gender for the top four parties. The data is in the following table. Party DAP PKR PAS Male 226380 178640 117140 % of party 70.32% 70.27% 63.46% % of PR 58.69% 46.13% 30.37% Female 92700 73840 66680 % of party 28.80% 29.05% 36.13% % of PR 50.36% 40.12% 36.23% m/f Ratio 244:100 242:100 176:100
DAP attracts the highest percentage of men and women - 58.69% of male likes and 50.36% of female likes of PR. PKR is 2nd highest with 46.13% of male likes and 40.12% of female likes. Both DAP and PKRs fan-base is male dominant, with over 70% of each partys likes coming from men. PAS fan-base is less male dominant with 63.46% of their likes coming from men.
Twitter Usage
46 thousand potential voters who like PR use Twitter.
26
Comparison of Barisan Nasional (BN) and Pakatan Rakyat (PR)

Total Likes
Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 573 thousand like PR while 372 thousand like BN, as shown in Figure 24. The PR/BN ratio is 153:100.
Figure 24. BN vs PR, Total Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs), Dec 2012
Pakatan Rakyat 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Pakatan Rakyat Barisan Nasional 372940 573640 Barisan Nasional
Total Likes by Age

PR has more likes than BN in every age group, as shown in Figure 25.
Figure 25. BN vs PR, Total Facebook Likes by Age, Dec 2012

350000 300000 Facebook Likes 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 BN PR 21-30 235280 319400 31-40 88440 162160 Age Group 41-50 31080 57880 >50 18160 34220
27
Total Likes by Age and Gender Figure 26. BN vs PR, Total Facebook Likes by Age and Gender, Dec 2012
250000 200000 Facebook Likes 150000 100000 50000 0 BN Male BN Female PR Male PR Female 21-30 137020 97460 208040 109600 31-40 54740 33040 110860 50060 Age Group 41-50 20060 10780 41300 16060 >50 13320 4620 25520 8320
PR has more male likes than BN in every age group, by a large margin. However when it comes to female likes the gap is smaller than the gap for males - as little as 12 thousand for ages 21-30 years. The narrow gap implies that BN can overtake PR in likes from potential women voters.
Growth in November
In November, PRs fan-base grew by 7.54% (40 thousand) while BNs fan-base grew by 14.07% (46 thousand). This has shifted the PR/BN ratio from 163:100 to 153:100. The gap between BN and PR has become smaller, as shown in Figure 27.
Figure 27. BN vs PR, Growth in Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs), Nov 2012
700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 573640 372940 533420 326940
Dec Pakatan Rakyat Barisan Nasional
Nov
28
Figure 28 shows the growth in Facebook likes by age and gender in November.
Figure 28. BN vs PR, Growth in Facebook Likes by Age and Gender Nov 2012
18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 -2000
Facebook Likes
21-30 15660 11000 9620 14560
31-40 7360 5940 5460 7100 Age Group
41-50 2120 1880 1080 1760
>50 1180 600 -180 560
BN Male Growth
BN Female Growth PR Male Growth PR Female Growth
BNs highest growth was in men aged 21-30 years, while PRs highest growth was in women aged 21-30 years. BN maintained a higher growth than PR among men in all age groups, particularly among users aged above 50 years where PR experienced negative growth. PR maintained a higher growth than BN among women aged 21-50 years. Among women aged above 50 years, BNs fan-base grew by 40 more users than PR. In total, BNs m/f ratio has reduced from 157:100 to 154:100, while PRs m/f ratio has reduced from 230:100 to 209:100. Both coalitions need to maintain higher growth rates among women to more closely match the national m/f ratio of 119:100.
29
Interest in Prime Minister Najib Razak

Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 969 thousand (10.67%) like the Prime Minister (PM), Najib Razak. There are 521 thousand men and 443 thousand women. The m/f ratio is 117:100.
Figure 29. Potential Voter Interest (Najib Razak)

Figure 30. Potential Voters who Like Najib Razak, by Gender

Male Female
46% 54%
89%
The population grew by 12.07% (104 thousand) in November. The male population grew by 9.83% (46 thousand) while the female population grew by 14.87% (57 thousand). The m/f ratio has reduced from 123:100 to 117:100. This indicates that the PMs popularity among women has increased, making his fan-base less male-dominant.
30
Interest in Federal Opposition Leader Anwar Ibrahim

Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 357 thousand (3.93%) like the Federal Opposition Leader, Anwar Ibrahim. There are 238 thousand men and 116 thousand women. The m/f ratio is 204:100.
Figure 31. Potential Voter Interest (Anwar Ibrahim)

Figure 32. Potential Voters who Like Anwar Ibrahim, by Gender

Male Female
33%
67% 96%
The population grew by 12.99% (41 thousand) in November. The male population grew by 15.23% (31 thousand) while the female population grew by 8.53% (9 thousand). The m/f ratio has increased from 192:100 to 204:100. This indicates that Anwar Ibrahims popularity among men has increased, making his fan-base more male-dominant.
31
Interest in 1Malaysia
Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 1.07 million (11.8%) like 1Malaysia. There are 488 thousand men and 580 thousand women. The m/f ratio is 84:100.
Figure 33. Potential Voter Interest (1 Malaysia)

Figure 34. Potential Voters Interested in 1Malaysia, by Gender

Male Female
46% 54%
88%
The population grew by 27.15% (229 thousand) in November. The male population grew by 22.75% (90 thousand) while the female population grew by 31.15% (138 thousand). The m/f ratio has reduced from 90:100 to 84:100. This indicates that interest in 1Malaysia is becoming increasingly female-dominant.
32
Interest in Bersih
Out of the total population of 9 million potential voters, 275 thousand (3%) like Bersih. There are 193 thousand men and 80 thousand women. The m/f ratio is 242:100.
Figure 35. Potential Voter Interest (Bersih)

Figure 36. Potential Voters Interested in Bersih, by Gender

Male Female
29%
71% 97%
The population grew by 4.53% (12 thousand) in November. The male population grew by 6.9% (12 thousand) while the female population reduced by 0.67% (540). The m/f ratio has increased from 225:100 to 242:100. This indicates that interest in Bersih is becoming increasingly male dominant. The loss in female users is unusual compared to the other topics measured in this census. Additionally (as of December 20th 2012) likes for Bersih 2.0s official Page have only had a net growth of 9700 likes since the Bersih 3.0 rally on April 28th 2012. This includes likes from all Facebook users, not just those located in Malaysia.
33
Malaysian interest in mainstream and alternative media

The information in this section is about mainstream media (MSM) and alternative media interests of the voting population (users aged above 21 years old). We measured interest in the following media categories: 1. Malay Mainstream Media a. Berita Harian b. Harian Metro c. Utusan Malaysia d. Sinar Harian 2. English Mainstream Media a. The Star b. The New Straits Times c. The Malay Mail 3. Chinese Mainstream Media a. Kwong Wah Yit Poh b. Nanyang Siang Pau c. Sin Chew Daily d. Guang Ming Daily e. China Press 4. Online Alternative Media (mixed-language) a. Malaysiakini b. The Malaysian Insider c. Free Malaysia Today Likes do not include shares of media articles on Facebook.
Key points
For mainstream media, Malay-language media have a much larger user-base compared to English-language media. The gap between the leading publications in both languages is large - Berita Harian has 710 thousand likes, while The Star only has 82 thousand likes. For online alternative media, Malaysiakini has the largest user-base with 295 thousand likes. This is inclusive of its English, Malay and Chinese Pages. Malay-language MSM tends to have a female-dominant fan-base, with an average m/f ratio of 75:100. English-language MSM tends to have a male-dominant fan-base, with an average m/f ratio of 138:100. Chinese-language MSM tends to have a female-dominant fan-base, with an average m/f ratio of 94:100. Alternative media tends to have a male-dominant fan-base, with an average m/f ratio of 259:100. Alternative media have the most male-dominant fan-base of the topics measured in this census, with Malaysia Today having an m/f ratio of 311:100 and The Malaysian Insider having an m/f ratio of 300:100. 34
Malay Mainstream Media

Total likes Figure 37. Malay Mainstream Media Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs), Dec 2012
Potential Voters 800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Berita Harian Harian Metro Utusan Malaysia Sinar Harian KOSMO 260900 207600 418880 710480
620580
Figure 37 shows the number of likes from potential voters for each publication. The data is in the following table. Publication Berita Harian Harian Metro Utusan Malaysia Sinar Harian KOSMO Potential voter likes 710480 620580 418880 260900 207600 % of total potential voters 7.81% 6.83% 4.61% 2.87% 2.28%
35
Total likes by gender Figure 38. Malay Mainstream Media Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs) by Gender, Dec 2012
Male Female
450000
400000 350000 300000 250000
200000
150000 100000 50000 0 Berita Harian Harian Metro Utusan Malaysia Sinar Harian KOSMO
Figure 38 shows the total likes by gender for each publication. The data is in the following table.
Publication Male % of publication % of male potential voters Female % of publication % of female potential voters m/f Ratio
Berita Harian Harian Metro Utusan Malaysia Sinar Harian KOSMO
288800 244680 186740 129820 78220
40.65% 39.43% 44.58% 49.76% 37.68%
5.88% 4.98% 3.80% 2.64% 1.59%
419540 374120 230680 130080 128740
59.05% 60.29% 55.07% 49.86% 62.01%
10.17% 9.07% 5.59% 3.15% 3.12%
69:100 65:100 81:100 100:100 61:100
Apart from Sinar Harian, Malay mainstream media have a female-dominant fan-base with women making up 55.07% 62.01% of likes.
36
English Mainstream Media

Total likes Figure 39. English Mainstream Media Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs), Dec 2012
Potential Voters 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 The Star New Straits Times The Malay Mail 9940 82840 73180
Figure 39 shows the number of likes from potential voters for each publication. The data is in the following table. Publication The Star New Straits Times The Malay Mail Potential voter likes 82840 73180 9940 % of total potential voters 0.91% 0.80% 0.11%
37
Total likes by gender Figure 40. English Mainstream Media Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs) by Gender, Dec 2012
Male Female
50000
45000 40000
35000
30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 The Star New Straits Times The Malay Mail
The Star New Straits Times The Malay Mail
45580 40460 6120
55.02% 55.29% 61.57%
0.93% 0.82% 0.12%
36800 32100 3720
44.42% 43.86% 37.42%
0.89% 0.78% 0.09%
124:100 126:100 164:100
English mainstream media have a male-dominant fan-base with men making up 55.02% 61.57% of likes.
38
Chinese Mainstream Media

Total likes Figure 41. Chinese Mainstream Media Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs), Dec 2012
Potential Voters 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 China Press Guang Ming Daily Kwong Wah Yit Poh Sin Chew Daily Nanyang Siang Pau 1360 37380 34900 30540 28640
Figure 41 shows the number of likes from potential voters for each publication. The data is in the following table. Publication China Press Guang Ming Daily Kwong Wah Yit Poh Sin Chew Daily Nanyang Siang Pau Potential voter likes 37380 34900 30540 28640 1360 % of total potential voters 0.41% 0.38% 0.34% 0.32% 0.01%
39
Total likes by gender Figure 42. Chinese Mainstream Media Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs) by Gender, Dec 2012
Male Female
25000
20000 15000 10000 5000 0 China Press Guang Ming Daily Kwong Wah Yit Poh Sin Chew Daily Nanyang Siang Pau
China Press Guang Ming Daily Kwong Wah Yit Poh Sin Chew Daily Nanyang Siang Pau
17520 15660 13900 13460 740
46.87% 44.87% 45.51% 46.99% 54.41%
0.36% 0.32% 0.28% 0.27% 0.01%
19580 19000 16380 14900 580
52.38% 54.44% 53.63% 52.03% 42.65%
0.47% 0.46% 0.40% 0.36% 0.01%
89:100 82:100 84:100 90:100 127:100
Apart from Nanyang Siang Pau, Chinese mainstream media have a female-dominant fan-base with women making up 52.03% 54.44% of likes.
40
Online Alternative Media (mixed language)

Total likes Figure 43. Online Alternative Media Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs), Dec 2012
Potential Voters 300000 256340 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 Malaysiakini Malaysia Today The Malaysian Insider Free Malaysia Today 37440 33140 29100
Figure 43 shows the number of likes from potential voters for each publication. The data is in the following table. Publication Malaysiakini Malaysia Today The Malaysian Insider Free Malaysia Today Potential voter likes 256340 37440 33140 29100 % of total potential voters 2.82% 0.41% 0.36% 0.32%
41
Total likes by gender Figure 44. Online Alternative Media Facebook Likes (>=21 yrs) by Gender, Dec 2012
Male Female
180000
160000 140000 120000 100000
80000
60000 40000 20000 0 Malaysiakini Malaysia Today The Malaysian Insider Free Malaysia Today
Malaysiakini Malaysia Today The Malaysian Insider Free Malaysia Today
169940 28080 24680 19920
66.29% 75.00% 74.47% 68.45%
3.46% 0.57% 0.50% 0.41%
84280 9040 8240 8880
32.88% 24.15% 24.86% 30.52%
2.04% 0.22% 0.20% 0.22%
202:100 311:100 300:100 224:100
Online alternative media have a male-dominant fan-base with men making up 66.29% 75.00% of likes.
42

2012 Census of Facebook Users in Malaysia - Dec2012

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2012 Census of Facebook Users in Malaysia - Dec2012

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2012 Census Facebook Users in Malaysia

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 Census: Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Malaysian Interest in Politics

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Malaysian Interest in Mainstream and Alternative Media

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Age and gender

Figure 1. National Population by Gender

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Figure 2. Population Pyramid for Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

46-50 Age group (years) 41-45

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Figure 3. National Population Growth by Gender, Nov-Dec 2012

Figure 4. National Population (Voting Age)

Figure 5. Potential voters by Gender

32% 46% 54% 68%

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Figure 7. National Population by Relationship Status

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Figure 8. Married Facebook Users in Malaysia by Age, Dec 2012

Figure 9. Single Facebook Users in Malaysia by Age, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Residents in Klang Valley

Figure 10. National Population, Place of Residence

Figure 11. National Population in Klang Valley, by Gender

Figure 12. Potential Voters, Place of Residence

Figure 13. Potential Voters in Klang Valley, by Gender

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Comparison with the National Census

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

Malaysian interest in politics

Comparison of BN and PR PR has more likes than BN in every age group.

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

2012 by Politweet Enterprise

Facebook Users in Malaysia, Dec 2012

General interest in politics