TRNG I HC HNG HI VIT NAM

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

BI GING MN HC

NHP MN CNG NGH PHN MM

Chng 2: Gii thiu v Cng ngh phn mm

Ging vin: ThS. Nguyn Vng Thnh B mn: H thng thng tin

Hi Phng, 2012

Thng tin v ging vin

H v tn Hc v Chuyn ngnh C s o to Nm tt nghip in thoi Email Nguyn Vng Thnh Thc s H thng thng tin Trng i hc Cng ngh - i hc Quc Gia H Ni 2012 0983283791 thinhnv@vimaru.edu.vn n v cng tc B mn H thng thng tin Khoa Cng ngh thng tin

Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn Vn V, Nguyn Vit H, Gio trnh K ngh phn mm, Nh xut bn Gio dc Vit Nam, 2009. 2. Roger S. Pressman, Ph.D, Software Engineering A practitioners approach (6th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 2001. 3. Heidi J. C. Ellis, Steven A. Demurjian, J. Fernando Naveda, Software Engineering: Effective Teaching and Learning Approaches and Practices, Information Science Reference, 2009.

GII THIU V CNG NGH PHN MM

2.1. NH NGHA V CNG NGH PHN MM 2.2. PHNG PHP TRONG CNG NGH PHN MM 2.3. CC CNG C TRONG CNG NGH PHN MM 2.4. CC TH TC TRONG CNG NGH PHN MM 2.5. CHT LNG PHN MM

2.1. NH NGHA V CNG NGH PHN MM

Cng ngh phn mm l vic thit lp v s dng ng n cc nguyn l cng ngh thu c phn mm mt cch kinh t, va tin cy, va lm vic hiu qu trn cc my tnh thc (Fritz Bauer) Vi ngun lc khng hn ch a s cc vn ca phn mm u c th gii quyt. Thch thc y l: Vi s hn ch v ngun lc. Phi tun th mt lch trnh nh trc. Vn to ra c phn mm cht lng CC NH NGHA U NHN MNH VO CC YU CU V MT K LUT CNG NGH TRONG VIC PHT TRIN

Cng ngh phn mm l vic xy dng phn mm nhiu phin bn, bi nhiu ngi (Parnas - 1987).

Cng ngh phn mm l mt lnh vc ca khoa hc my tnh, lin quan n vic xy dng cc h thng phn mm va ln va phc tp bi mt hay mt s nhm k s (Ghezzi 1991).

Cng ngh phn mm l lnh vc lin quan n l thuyt, phng php v cng c dng cho pht trin phn mm (Sommerville).

Cng ngh phn mm l b mn tch hp c quy trnh, cc phng php, cc cng c pht trin phn mm my tnh (Pressman).

 Cng ngh phn mm thc cht l cng ngh pht trin mt h thng gm cc bc cha ng 3 yu t (ch cht): Phng php (methods) Cng c (tools) Th tc (procedure) S hnh thnh ca cng ngh phn mm c lin quan mt thit n s pht trin ca khoa hc my tnh.

2.2. PHNG PHP TRONG CNG NGH PHN MM

Phng php cho ta mt cch lm v mt k thut xy dng phn mm. Cc phng php thng bao gm: A. Phng php lun: M t cch tip cn mang tnh k thut to ra phn mm, gm c: Cc hot ng theo mt nh hng cng ngh. Trnh t thc hin chng. Cc nh hng cng ngh nh: hng cu trc, hng d liu, hng i tng, Cc hot ng bao gm: Lp k hoch v c lng d n. Phn tch yu cu h thng v phn mm. Thit k cu trc d liu, kin trc chng trnh v thut ton m ha. Kim th v bo tr. TY THUC HNG CNG NGH C LA CHN M CC PHNG PHP C TH THCH HP C S DNG!

B. Cc phng php c th: L cch thc gii quyt cc vn c th pht sinh khi thc hin cc nhim v khc nhau trong cc giai on khc nhau ca qu trnh pht trin phn mm. Tt c cc phng php u da trn tng: Pht trin cc m hnh h thng m c th biu din dng ha v dng cc m hnh ny lm c t hay thit k cho h thng c pht trin hay thm nh. Cc phng php thng bao gm cc thnh phn: Cc khi nim m t cc phn t ca m hnh. Cc k php (ton hc, ha) biu din cc phn t m hnh. Cc quy tc lin kt cc phn t to thnh m hnh mt cch ng n. Mt quy trnh hng dn cc bc pht trin m hnh. Nhng gi , xut cho vic vn dng phng php vo nhng trng hp thch hp c c m hnh m t th gii thc tt nht c th.

Thnh phn Cc khi nim

M hnh lung d liu Tc nhn: ngi, t chc, b phn t chc, h khc Tin trnh: Dy cc hot ng din ra tc ng ln d liu vo to ra d liu ra. Lung d liu: cc d liu di chuyn t mt ni n ni khc. Kho d liu: Cc d liu c lu tr ti mt v tr. Tn tc nhn
Tc nhn

K php

Tn tin trnh
Tn lung Lung d liu

Tn kho DL
Kho d liu

Tin trnh

Cc quy tc

Mt tin trnh l duy nht trong m hnh. Cc lung d liu vo mt tin trnh phi khc cc lung d liu ra. Khng c lung d liu vng (quay li ni n i ra). Khng c cc lung d liu gia: kho DL kho DL, kho DL tc nhn, tc nhn tc nhn. Tin trnh logic khng c phn th 3.

Thnh phn Quy trnh xy dng

M hnh lung d liu V biu ng cnh: ch c tc nhn, mt tin trnh duy nht m t c h thng, cc lung d liu gia tc nhn v h thng (m t s tng tc gia mi trng vi h thng). Pht trin biu lung d liu mc 0: xut pht t biu ng cnh v cc yu t ca m hnh nghip v: Thay tin trnh duy nht bng cc tin trnh con. Gi nguyn cc tc nhn ngoi v cc lung d liu. t u mt cc lung d liu vo cc tin trnh con tng ng. Thm cc kho d liu, cc lung d liu gia kho-tin trnh, tin trnh-tin trnh. Pht trin cc biu lung d liu mc i (i 1). Dng biu lung d liu biu din m hnh ng cnh ca h thng. Dng biu lung d liu m t tin trnh x l nghip v cc mc chi tit dn: trc ht dng vt l (m t th gii thc), sau dng logic phn tch. V d v mt phng php

Hng dn

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2.3. CC CNG C TRONG CNG NGH PHN MM

Cc cng c: nhng phn mm khc nhau, xy dng trn c s ca nhng m hnh v phng php c th cung cp s tr gip cho vic t ng hay bn t ng ha cc hot ng pht trin.

Cc cng c thng c tch hp thc hin mt chc nng trn vn hay mt s chc nng. Khi cc cng c c tch hp n mc thng tin do chng to ra c th c dng cho cc cng c khc hay cho cc giai on tip theo ca qu trnh pht trin To nn cc b cng c workbanch (tm dch l bn th) hoc mi trng pht trin (development environment) (h thng tr gip pht trin phn mm)..

CNG NGH PHN MM C MY TNH TR GIP (CASE COMPUTER AIDED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING)
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Cng ngh CASE

Cng c n

Workbench

Mi trng pht trin

B son tho

Chng trnh dch

B so snh tp

Mi trng tch hp

Mi trng theo tin trnh

Phn tch v thit k

Lp trnh

Kim th

Workbench a phng php

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Workbench a phng php

Workbench cho mc ch chung

Workbench cho ngn ng c th

Phn loi cc cng c pht trin phn mm

C nhiu phng php c s dng, nhng chng c th khng nht qun v thiu s ng b. Mc d t nhiu thnh tu, vic t ng ha qu trnh pht trin vn cn rt hn ch v ang l nhng vn cn m.

UML: ngn ng chung, dng cho tt c cc giai on pht trin phn mm hng i tng trc khi c chng trnh.

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2.4. CC TH TC TRONG CNG NGH PHN MM

Cc th tc: cht keo dn cc phng php v cng c li vi nhau, lm cho chng c s dng hp l v ng hn. Cc th tc bao gm: Xc nh trnh t theo cc phng php s c p dng cho mi d n. nh ra cc sn phm cn bn giao (ti liu bo co, bn mu,), cc chun, cc o nh gi kt qu cng vic v sn phm, kim sot qu trnh pht trin, m bo cht lng phn mm, iu tit s thay i, Xc nh nhng ct mc m ti c cc sn phm c bn giao ngi qun l nm c tin , phn b ti nguyn v kim sot c kt qu. Cng ngh phn mm bao gm nhiu giai on, mi giai on li bao gm c phng php, cng c v th tc c nu trn v thng c gi l tin trnh ca cng ngh phn mm.

2.5. CHT LNG PHN MM

Th no l mt phn mm c cht lng?
Ngay i vi mt phn mm ang hot ng, nhng ngi khc nhau c th nh gi v n rt khc nhau. Quan tm: m bo cht lng tng th ca phn mm: nhng gii php m bo t c nhng o khc nhau ca phn mm trong qu trnh pht trin n. K vng: Trong qu trnh pht trin, nu cc o c m bo th phn mm chc chn l c cht lng. V d: Khi ni v tin cy ca h thng quan tm n o v tnh sn sng.

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Khi nh gi v phn mm a ra mt s tiu ch ni n cht lng tng th ca n. Bao gm: t c cc mc tiu thit k ra ca t chc (thc hin c cc chc nng thit k cho t chc). Chi ph vn hnh l chp nhn c: Chi ph khng qu cao so vi li ch m n mang li. p ng c cc chun mc ca mt h thng thng tin hin hnh. VD: tnh sn sng: thi gian lm vic trong ngy, tun; thi gian thc hin mt dch v, mt tm kim, kt qu a ra ng chun (mu bng biu, s ch tiu,). Sn phm to ra c gi tr xc ng: Thng tin a ra l ng n, kp thi, c ngha thit thc i vi hot ng chc nng v qun l gp phn nng cao cht lng sn phm v dch v ca t chc.

Bo tr c: D bo tr, khng qu tn km. Kh dng: D hc v d s dng. Mm do c kh nng lm thch nghi c: C th kim tra, m rng ng dng v pht trin tip c. C tnh kh chuyn: C th chuyn i t mi trng lm vic ny sang mi trng lm vic khc.

Q&A
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