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Subnet in Your Head
Subnet in Your Head
IP Addressing
and Subnetting
WWW.GLOBALNETTRAINING.COM
IP Addressing
Hierarchical Addressing Framework.
Network.node addressing, 32 bits (four
bytes).
The Hierarchical advantage is increased
ability of addresses.
Binary Numbering
Defining basic IP addressing terms:
Bit = One digit (one or a zero).
Byte = Seven or eight bits (depends on
parity).
Octet = Always eight bits.
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0 0
1 1
0 1
1 0
0 0
1 0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
=0
= 255
= 15
= 85
= 131
= 22
7
Binary (Cont.)
Bits
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Binary
00000000
10000000
11000000
11100000
11110000
11111000
11111100
11111110
11111111
Decimal
0
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Math to Memorize!
Subnet mask
256-192
256-224
256-240
256-248
256-252
First Subnet
64
32
16
8
4
Powers of 2
21=2
22=4
23=8
24=16
25=32
26=64
27=128
28=256
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003
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IP Addressing
32 bits
Network
255
255
1 byte
1 byte
Host
255
255
1 byte
1 byte
11
IP Addressing
32 bits
Network
255
1
Host
255
255
8 9
16 17
255
24 25
32
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
12
IP Address Classes
Class A:
Class B:
Class C:
8 bits
8 bits
8 bits
8 bits
Network
Host
Host
Host
Host
Host
Network Network
Class D:
Multicast
Class E:
Research
Host
13
IP Address Classes
Class A:
Class B:
Range (1-126)
10NNNNNN
Range (128-191)
Class C:
00000000 = 0
0NNNNNNN
01111111 = 127
10000000 =128
10111111 = 191
110NNNNN
Range (192-223)
11000000 = 192
11011111 = 223
14
IP Address Ranges
10.0.0.0
10.0.0.1
10.255.255.254
10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0
172.16.0.1
172.16.255.254
172.16.255.255
Network Address
First valid host
Last valid host
Broadcast Address
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.1
192.168.10.254
192.168.10.255
15
172.16.0.1
172.16.0.2
172.16.255.254
Network 172.16.0.0
16
172.16.40.0
172.16.30.0
172.16.10.0
172.16.20.0
Network 172.16.0.0
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003
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Subnet Masks
Class A default 255.0.0.0
Class B default 255.255.0.0
Class C default 255.255.255.0
18
19
20
21
Easy Subnetting
192.168.10.0
255.255.255.192
22-2=2
26-2=62
256-192= 64
65
126
127
128
129
190
191
Network
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast
22
.66
.67
.130
.68
192.168.10.64
.65
.129
.131
.132
192.168.10.128
23
Easy Subnetting
192.168.10.0
255.255.255.224
23-2=6
25-2=30
256-224= 32 64
33 65
62 94
63 95
96
97
126
127
128
129
158
159
160
161
190
191
192
193
222
223
24
.131
.132
192.168.10.128
.129
.66
.98
192.168.10.64
.99
.100
.65
192.168.10.32
.33
.97
.34
.35
192.168.10.96
.36
25
Easy Subnetting
192.168.10.0
255.255.255.240
24-2=14
24-2=14
256-240= 16 32
17 33
30 46
31 47
48
49
62
63
64 224
65 225
78 238
79 239
Network
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast
26
Easy Subnetting
192.168.10.0
255.255.255.248
25-2=30
23-2=6
256-248= 8
16
9
17
14 22
15 23
24
25
30
31
32 240 Network
33 241 First Host
38 242 Last Host
39 247 Broadcast
27
Easy Subnetting
192.168.10.0
255.255.255.252
26-2=62
22-2=2
256-252= 4
8
5
9
6
10
7
11
12
13
14
15
16 248 Network
17 249 First Host
18 250 Last Host
19 251 Broadcast
28
192.168.10.16
.17
.14
192.168.10.12
.5
.13
.10
.6
192.168.10.4
.9
192.168.10.8
29
255.255.255.192
30
Answer
256-192= 64
128 Subnet
65
126
127
191 Broadcast
31
255.255.255.224
32
Answer
192.168.10. 65
255.255.255.224
256-224=32, 64, 96
Subnet = 64
Broadcast = 95
33
255.255.255.240
34
Answer:
192.168.10.38
255.255.255.240
256-240=16, 32, 48
Subnet = 32
Broadcast = 47
35
255.255.255.248
36
Answer:
192.168.10. 26
255.255.255.248
37
255.255.255.252
38
Answer:
192.168.10.13
255.255.255.252
256-252=4, 8, 12, 16
Subnet = 12
Broadcast = 15
39
40
255.255.255.192
41
255.255.255.224
42
255.255.255.252
43
Subnetting Question
Which mask would you assign if you
had a class C address with a maximum
of 35 hosts per network?
44
Answer:
45
Question
How many subnets and hosts?
192.168.10.0/26
46
Answer:
/24 = 255.255.255.0
/25 = 255.255.255.128
/26 = 255.255.255.192
/27 = 255.255.255.224
/28 = 255.255.255.240
/29 = 255.255.255.248
/30 = 255.255.255.252
192.168.10.0 255.255.255.192
Two subnets with 62 hosts each
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47
Class B Subnetting
172.16.0.0
255.255.192.0
22-2=2
214-2=16,382
256-192= 64.0
64.1
127.254
127.255
128.0
128.1
191.254
191.255
Network
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast
48
Class B Subnetting
172.16.0.0
255.255.240.0
24-2=14
212-2=4094
256-240= 16.0
16.1
31.254
31.255
32.0
32.1
47.254
47.255
224.0 Network
224.1 First Host
239.254 Last Host
239.255 Broadcast
49
Class B Subnetting
172.16.0.0
255.255.248.0
25-2=30
211-2=2046
256-248= 8.0
8.1
15.254
15.255
16.0
16.1
23.254
23.255
240.0
240.1
247.254
247.255
Network
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast
50
Class B Subnetting
172.16.0.0
255.255.254.0
27-2=126
29-2=510
256-254= 2.0
2.1
3.254
3.255
16.0
16.1
17.254
17.255
252.0
252.1
253.254
253.255
Network
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast
51
Class B Subnetting
172.16.0.0
255.255.255.0
28-2=254
28-2=254
256-255= 1.0
1.1
1.254
1.255
2.0
2.1
2.254
2.255
254.0
254.1
254.254
254.255
Network
First Host
Last Host
Broadcast
52
53
Answer
172.16.10.90
255.255.255.192
256-192= 10.64
10.128
Subnet = 10.64
Broadcast = 10.127
54
55
Answer
172.16.10.66
255.255.255.224
256-224= 32, 64, 96
Subnet = 10.64
Broadcast = 10.95
56
57
Answer
172.16.10.33
255.255.255.240
256-240= 16, 32, 48
Subnet = 10.32
Broadcast = 10.47
58
59
Answer
172.16.10.33
255.255.255.248
256-248= 8, 16, 24, 32, 40
Subnet = 10.32
Broadcast = 10.39
60
61
Answer
172.16.10.13
255.255.255.252
256-252= 4, 8, 12, 16
Subnet = 10.12
Broadcast = 10.15
62
Subnet Question
If you had a class B address of
172.16.0.0, which mask would you use
to provide a maximum of 100 hosts with
more than 300 subnets?
63
Answer:
255.255.255.192=1022 subnets, 62 hosts
255.255.255.128 =510 subnets, 126 hosts
255.255.255.0 = 254 subnet, 254 hosts
Start at 255.255.255.0, which provides 254
subnets, each with 254 hosts.
Then move right if you need more subnets, or
left if you need more hosts. In this example,
we move right with the subnet bits because
we need more subnets.
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003
64
Question
The network 172.16.0.0 needs to be
divided into subnet where you have
over 400 hosts in each subnet. What is
your mask?
65
Answer:
172.16.0.0 with over 400 hosts per subnet.
Start at 255.255.255.0, which provides 254
subnets, each with 254 hosts.
Then move right if you need more subnets, or
left if you need more hosts. In this example,
we move left with the subnet bits because
we need more hosts.
255.255.254.0
126 subnets, each with 510 hosts
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003
66
Questions?
Please see:
www.lammle.com
www.lammleprep.com
www.routersim.com
www.globalnettraining.com
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