Kim tra phn mm (KTPM) l khu quan trng v xuyn sut trong ton b chu k pht trin mt phn

mm (Chng ti c dp gii thiu trong bi "Kim tra phn mm - hot ng sng cn ca sn xut phn mm", TGVT s 12/2005). Vai tr ca chuyn gia KTPM, do , ngy cng c nhn mnh v khng th thiu trong bt k d n no. Tuy nhin, tr thnh mt chuyn gia KTPM, kin thc cn c l g? Hin c nhng tiu chun quc t no hun luyn v nh gi? Chng ch ISTQB Cng ngh thng tin l mt lnh vc c bit, bn cnh cc bng cp chnh quy di hn cho k s do cc trng i hc cp, lun hin din h thng cc chng ch chuyn ngnh c th cho tng lnh vc hp, chng thc mc chuyn nghip v k nng thao tc ca ngi t c chng ch. Phn ln chng ta quen hoc tng nghe v cc chng ch ni ting dnh cho lnh vc mng v pht trin phn mm, chng hn: MCSD v MCSE ca Microsoft dnh cho chuyn gia pht trin phn mm v k s h thng; CCNA, CCNP ca Cisco dnh cho chuyn gia mng Cisco... Tuy nhin cc chng ch dnh cho lnh vc KTPM hu nh cn rt xa l ti Vit Nam. Vi bi vit ny, chng ti mong mun gii thiu mt chng ch kh ni ting dnh cho lnh vc KTPM c cng nhn rng ri trn th gii, c bit ti chu u v M, l ISTQB. ISTQB c vit tt t t chc khai sinh ra n l International Software Testing Qualifications Board (T chc thm nh v KTPM quc t), c thnh lp vo thng 11/2002 ti Edinburgh (Scotland), do t chc EOQ-SG (European Organisation for Quality Software Group, T chc cht lng chu u nhm phn mm) u. ISTQB c t chc theo m hnh sau: Theo s , ISTQB l u mi quc t, ni chun b, iu phi v ban hnh cc ti liu khung v kin thc cho cc chuyn gia KTPM. Di ISTQB l cc t chc Testing ti cc quc gia, l u mi iu phi, ph bin, pht trin, v t chc thi chng ch ISTQB ti tng quc gia, ng thi cung cp phn hi cho t chc ISTQB. ISTQB v cc t chc Testing ti cc nc hot ng trn nguyn tc bt v li. Ti Vit Nam, t chc Testing (Vietnamese Testing Board - VTB) cng c thnh lp vo nm 2007, bn c c th tm hiu thng tin ti website http://vietnamesetestingboard.org.

Chng ch ISTQB hin c 3 mc : Mc C Bn, hay cn gi l cp 1 (ISTQB Foundation level) Mc Nng Cao, hay cn gi l cp 2 (ISTQB Advanced level) Mc Chuyn Gia, hay cn gi l cp 3 (ISTQB Expert level) Hnh sau cho thy cu trc ca 3 mc :

ng vi mi mc , ISTQB ban hnh ti liu quy nh kin thc khung (Syllabus) c mc chi tit khc nhau. Kin thc mc C Bn v Nng Cao ging nhau v khung sn, ch khc nhau v mc m rng. Cn mc Chuyn Gia, yu cu kin thc su sc hn, c pht trin ring bit cho tng lnh vc. Tt c cc ti liu ny, bn c c th ti v min ph ti trang web chnh ca ISTQB (http://www.istqb.org) hoc ti trang web ca t chc thnh vin ISTQB ti quc gia ca mnh (nu c). Trong phm vi bi vit, chng ti ch gii thiu khung kin thc cho cp C Bn. Mc tiu ca ISTQB v cp C Bn Cng nhn KTPM l mt lnh vc c bn, chuyn nghip, chuyn mn ha cao. Cung cp tiu chun khung cho vic pht trin v nh gi cc chuyn gia KTPM. Gip cc chuyn gia KTPM c s cng nhn mang tm quc t, nng cao gi tr i vi khch hng, tng li ch v thu nhp. Cung cp kh nng so snh v nh gi cc k nng KTPM xuyn quc gia. Thc y v a ra cc thng l tt trong cc quy trnh k thut phn mm. Tng kh nng cnh tranh cho nh sn xut phn mm. Gip cc d n quc t hoc a ngn ng c nhng hiu bit chung v cc vn ca KTPM. Thng nht quc t cc thut ng v kin thc v lnh vc KTPM.

Tiu chun tham gia thi chng ch ISTQB Bt k ai c s yu thch lnh vc KTPM u c th tham gia hc tp v thi chng ch ISTQB. Tuy nhin, c th qua c k thi (khng d dng), li khuyn cho ng vin l: C kin thc nn tng v lnh vc pht trin phn mm, hoc KTPM , thng thng l ti thiu 6 thng kinh nghim, trong cc vai tr nh kim nh vin h thng/sn phm, hoc lp trnh vin Tham gia mt kha hc chnh thc theo tiu chun khung ISTQB, c cng nhn bi cc t chc ISTQB ca cc quc gia Khung kin thc theo ISTQB Chng ti ch trnh by tm lc khung kin thc yu cu cho mc C Bn. Mc C Bn dnh cho bt k ai tham gia lnh vc KTPM v cho nhng ai cn c kin thc nn tng v KTPM, nh gim c d n, gim c cht lng, gim c pht trin phn mm, phn tch vin, gim c h thng. (bng bn) TNG HP KIN THC KHUNG CA MC C BN Nhm kin thc (Chia theo cc chng) Phn 1: C bn v KTPM Ti sao KTPM l cn thit KTPM l g Cc nguyn tc KTPM c bn Quy trnh KTPM c bn Kha cnh tm l ca KTPM H thng phn mm, nguyn nhn ca li, vai tr ca KTPM Mc tiu KTPM, kim tra tnh v ng; kim tra v d li (debug) Cc khi nim quan trng: Li; Tnh bao ph; Thi gian; Tp trung; Ci tin; Ng cnh; Khch hng KTPM: Lp k hoch v kim sot - Phn tch v thit k - Thc thi - nh gi kt qu v bo co Kt thc Tnh c lp ca KTPM; Ni Dung (Ni dung tm tt ca chng)

Phn 2: KTPM xuyn sut chu k pht trin phn mm Cc m hnh pht trin phn mm Cc mc kim tra Cc loi v mc tiu ca KTPM M hnh ch V, KTPM v cc m hnh pht trin phn mm Bn mc KTPM: Kim tra mc n v; Kim tra mc tch hp; Kim tra mc h thng; Kim tra nghim thu

 Kim tra bo tr phn mm

Mc tiu ca test: Kim tra chc nng; Kim tra phi chc nng; Kim tra kin trc; Kim tra lin quan n cc thay i Kim tra bo tr phn mm

Phn 3: Cc k thut KTPM tnh Xem xt v quy trnh test Quy trnh xem xt (review) Dng cng c cho phn tch tnh Phn tch cc iu kin, trng hp, th tc kim tra K thut KTPM ng: da trn chc nng (hp en), da trn kin trc (hp trng), v da trn kinh nghim Phn chia tng ng; Phn tch gi tr bin; Bng quyt nh; S dng use case Kim tra cu lnh v bao ph; Kim tra nhnh quyt nh. KTPM da vo kinh nghim Cn nhc cc yu t bn trong v bn ngoi cho KTPM

Phn 4: Cc k thut thit k test (k thut KTPM ng) Quy trnh pht trin KTPM Cc k thut thit k KTPM Cc k thut da trn chc nng (hay hp en black-box) Cc k thut da trn kin trc (hay hp trng white box) Cc k thut da trn kinh nghim Chn la cc k thut KTPM

Phn tch cc iu kin, trng hp, th tc kim tra K thut KTPM ng: da trn chc nng (hp en), da trn kin trc (hp trng), v da trn kinh nghim Phn chia tng ng; Phn tch gi tr bin; Bng quyt nh; S dng use case Kim tra cu lnh v bao ph; Kim tra nhnh quyt nh. KTPM da vo kinh nghim Cn nhc cc yu t bn trong v bn ngoi cho KTPM

Phn 5: Qun l cng vic KTPM T chc cng vic KTPM Lp k hoch v c lng KTPM Kim sot v gim st Cch thc t chc KTPM c lp K hoch & chin lc KTPM theo chun IEEE 829; o lng, gim st, bo co kt qu v tin

tin Qun l cu hnh Ri ro trong KTPM Qun l rc ri v tr ngi

kim tra. Qun l cu hnh trong KTPM Ri ro v tc ng ca n, chin lc gii quyt ri ro Qun l rc ri v tr ngi. nghim trng v u tin

Phn 6: Cc cng c h tr cho KTPM Cc loi cng c h tr Cc cng c h tr cho: qun l, kim tra tnh, KTPM thc thi, kim tra chc nng v hiu nng phn Hiu qu ca cc cng c, mm li ch v ri ro Li ch khi s dng cng c, cc ri ro Gii thiu cng c KTPM Chn la v s dng cng c, s dng th cho mt t chc nghim trong d n Hc v thi ISTQB ti Vit Nam V c bn, ngi hc c th t tham kho ti liu kin thc khung ISTQB, t hc vi cc ti liu ty chn v ng k tham d cc k thi. Tuy nhin, theo kt qu thng k, thng thng, d c kinh nghim KTPM, ngi hc vn nn tham d mt kha hun luyn chnh thc theo khung sn ca ISTQB, c may vt qua k thi s cao hn. Sau y l mt s thng tin cho bn c Vit Nam, nu mun tham gia hc v thi theo chng ch ISTQB: Ti liu khung kin thc: Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus (Khung kin thc cho mc C Bn) Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus (Khung kin thc cho mc Nng Cao) ISTQB Expert Level overview (Tng quan v mc Chuyn Gia) ISTQB Foundation Exam Format And Question Writing Guidelines (Dng thc thi cho mc C bn) Standard Glossary of Terms Used in Software Testing (Thut ng dnh cho KTPM) Cc ti liu trn v cc ti liu tham kho khc c th ti v ti: Trang web ca ISTQB: http://www.istqb.org/download.htm Trang web ca VTB: http://vietnamesetestingboard.org Sch hc, sch tham kho: theo kinh nghim, chng ti ngh nh sau (c th mua online ti http://www.amazon.com): Foundations of Software Testing - Rex Black Software Testing Foundations - Andreas Spillner The Art of Software Testing - Glenford J. Myers

V thi chng ch, c th lin h t chc Testing Vit Nam (VTB), hoc ng k thi online ti http://www.register.prometric.com (thng qua i tc ti Vit Nam l cng ty V Tho). Ng Vn Ton Cng ty Global CyberSoft Vit Nam ----------------------------------------------Ti liu tham kho 1. ISTQB (http://www.istqb.org) 2. Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus - Version 2007 ISTQB 3. ISTQB-Certified-Tester, Advanced Level - Version 1.2 (E) - 09/2003 4. ISTQB Foundation Exam Format And Question Writing Guidelines - Version 2005 1 5. Standard Glossary of Terms Used in Software Testing - Version 1.3 (dd. May, 31 2007)