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International Conference on Information Security and Management(ICMIS2010)- IIIT-Allahabad (January 21st - 24th 2010)
Dr. Ajay Singh(MIET, Meerut) Dr. Shashi Singh (MIET, Meerut) Dr. Kiran Singh(University of Allahabad)
Entrepreneurship
Perceived Opportunity
Early Stage Growth
Efficiency Enhancer:
Higher Education & Training Goods & Labour Market Efficiency Financial Market
Attitudes: Activity:
Aspiration:
Central to the development of economy The micro and small enterprises (MSEs) constitute over 90% of total enterprises in most of the economies. Employment generation MSE sector accounts for about 39% of the manufacturing output and around 33% of the total export of the India (in term of value).
Ministry of MSME-GOI
The nation that fosters an infrastructure of linkages among and between firms, universities and government gains competitive advantage through quicker information diffusion and product deployment..US Council on Competitiveness 1998 Leading knowledge based economy in the World (Lisbon Council) and key issue for the EU is to build a climate in which entrepreneurial initiative and business activity can thrive.. green
paper on entrepreneurship- EC Commission-2003
Exploratory Research Data Source: Secondary- From newspaper articles of the last 3 years Objectives: To study Prerequisites of Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial Initiatives in India Knowledge Transfer: Problems faced Approach to Higher Education and Knowledge Transfer
Prerequisites of Entrepreneurship
Creative mind, Risk taking capacity and Need to achieve (Most important factors) Support of infrastructural facilities and cultural acceptance & recognition
Until 1970, very few universities offered entrepreneurship courses 1980s, entrepreneurship emerges as an important element in the dynamics of modern economics in US
In US, from a base of 16 in 1970, the number of schools offering entrepreneurship courses had grown to over 400 by 1995
Institutes of national importance that have been setup through an act of parliament (IITs, IIMs, NITs, AIIMS, IISc etc.) are the main leaders in the field of knowledge transfer.
Organizing Competitions like Great Idea, helping and incubating ideas.
Examples:
o
Set up in 2001 Since inception CIIE has 15-odd innovations grow out of the incubation centre in varied technologies
Set up in 2000 Organises national level competitions, Breakthrough (general business plan competition) and Genesis (social entrepreneurship plan competition)
Set up in 2006 The investigator is given a seed capital for Rs 20 lakh a year for two years as soft loan for the approved plan
16-week 'Start Your Own Business' programme-a public programme held every six months.
In association with DST, BITS has established Technology Business Incubator in the area of embedded systems and VLSI design back in 2004 So far, TBI has helped spawn ten companies.
Set up in 2005, So far, the institute has been able to incubate two companies through Concipio over the last three years. Besides, an in house panel has helped 11-12 ventures take wing Established in 2004, Nirma Labs used to pride itself in a threestep model for students who were interested to start their own businesses-training, incubation and funding.
Biocon Ltd and Indian School of Business (ISB) have launched a cell for innovation management. Hewlett-Packard (HP) India recently announced the winners of the second annual edition of HP innovate 2009. The award has been instituted to recognise and reward outstanding creative ideas of young engineering graduates in India
Month long Igniting Minds and Ideas-IEEE certification programme by the Delhi based ISO certified strategy consulting firm Total Solutions Incorporation (TSI) and Total Resource Academy of India (TRAIN) a knowledge management , training and development organisation held for students of Delhi Public School (DPS), R K Puram.
The National Geographic Channel recently announced a Nationwide contest shaping the future with the collaboration of the Foundation for Information & Technology Transfer at IITDelhi; Society for Innovation & Entrepreneur at IIT-B, Nedathur S Raghvan Centre for entrepreneurial Learning (NSR-CEL) at IIM-B and the Technopreneur Promotion Programme at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research DSIR
Delhi Technical University announced the setting up of water technology and management centre with the support of UNESCO.
The Entrepreneurship Development Cell (EDC) of University School of management Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU) has launched a one month business skill development programme in association with the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Representatives from KVIC, NABARD will share their knowledge.
NASSCOM has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with University Grants Commission (UGC), for
NEN was launched in 2003 through an India-wide selection process to select the Founding Partner Institutions to anchor this network. The five NEN Partners are:
Goal:
India is ninth in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey of entrepreneurial countries It is highest among 28 countries in Necessity based entrepreneurship, while 5th from the lowest in opportunity based entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship in India is basically necessity based. Number of individuals taking entrepreneurship as a career choice is much lower as compared to forced entrepreneurs
140 3492
Despite such growth, Indias Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of around 11% is very low compared to the World average of 23.2%, 36.5% for countries in transition, 54.6% for the developed countries, and 22% for Asian countries.
38.8% of the Indian labour force is illiterate, 24.9% of the labour force has had schooling up to the primary level and the balance 36.3% has had schooling up to the middle and higher level.
About 80% of the workforce in rural and urban areas does not possess any identifiable marketable skills.
Times Higher - QS World University Rankings 2008 (on the dimensions: Research Quality, Teaching quality, Graduate Employability, International Outlook):
US- 37, UK-17 and China-5 Universities in top 100 universities of the world
IIT- Delhi: 154th position. IIT-B: 174th, University: 274 IIT-K: 242nd, Delhi
Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring report (GEM-08): Positive relationship between training in starting a business and entrepreneurial attitudes, aspirations and activity.
The proportion of individuals who had received any training in starting a business, either in school or after school, varied from
40% in Colombia to 8% in Egypt (among factor driven countries) 43% in Chile to 6% in Turkey (among efficiency driven countries) 48% in Finland to 13% in Israel (among innovation driven countries)
Our education system lacks encouragement for short term and useful vocational training courses and research.
We take 7.5 lakh engineers on an average every year but only a handful approx 4000 opt for research. India spent 6% of GDP on education while China 10% and Malaysia 10%.
India accounts for less than 2% of the world publications in the areas of science and technology research.
Proportion of trained youth in India is one of the lowest in the world. The corresponding figures for industrialized countries are much higher, varying between 60% and 96% of the youth in the age group of 2024 years.
One reason for this poor performance is the near exclusive reliance upon a few training courses with long duration (2 to 3 years) covering around 100 skills. In China, for example, there exist about 4000 short duration modular courses which provide skills
NCERT has introduced new subjects like heritage crafts, creative writing and translation, computer and communication technology, human ecology and family studies, but there are few takers of these courses.
The admission procedure for the first year at colleges have remained as rigid as they were, reinforcing the rigidity of the class XII examination.
Average Indian students are generally hard-working but they lack research orientation. Average American University relies heavily on self-discovery, reflection, open ended questions and analysis. These concerns have also been raised by National Curriculum Framework (NCF-2005). It poses three key challenges: Linking the childs life at home with learning at school, Discouraging rote learning and moving beyond the textbook.
Knowledge Transfer :
Problems Faced
There is shortage of quality teachers in India. Faculty are generally not available in the universities and they lack research orientation. The student teacher ratio is too high which hinders the personal monitoring and guidance from faculty. Even today 9-5 jobs people are treated with added respect than a starter of a business.
Procedural simplicity to start a business is a great Easiest Rank Most Difficult motivation factor for 1 Australia Syria entrepreneurs
Canada New Zealand United States Ireland United Kingdom Puerto Mauritius 2 Haiti
Rank
3
4 5 6
Guinea
Singapore Georgia
7 8 9
10
The functioning of Indian universities has to be reformed (Yash Pal committee report and the Knowledge Commission recommendations) Since a vast majority of our graduates are getting taught in colleges that are affiliated to some university, it should be clear that if the quality of higher education is to be improved, this system of affiliating university has to be reformed.
Entrepreneurship needs to be taught in schools and colleges. They should be encouraged to consider entrepreneurship as one of the career option
India National Knowledge Commission (NKC) was constituted on June 13, 2005 by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to advise the PM to encourage innovation led growth and improve the state of research in India.
The government plans to set up 14 innovation universities over the next few years. For this the ministry for human resource development is keen to tie up with the worlds leading universities (Like Yale, Standford and MIT) to ensure that its innovation universities are a class apart from the pack.
Societal sentiment towards entrepreneurship can be changed by increasing literacy rate among the population of India. Government has put emphasis on these aspects in twelfth plan paper We should aim to increase the GER to 21% by the end of the Twelfth Plan. Evolve suitable eco-system for the promotion of entrepreneurship: Easing of financing the project, suitable changes in labour laws, company law and taxation. Government should also help open various entrepreneurship cells in schools and colleges.
The idea of creating National Higher Education Finance Corporation by HRD ministry can be said a step taken in right direction. It will also provide venture capital to a university to incubate any scientific or technological idea or product that has emerged as an outcome of any research undertaken by the university.
University should encourage flexibility in their course curriculum. It should be adaptive and relevant. Problem solving, project based academic curriculum right from elementary school all the way through college and university education.
People from business and industry can be engaged on course programme advisory committee. Companies can also work as an advisory capacity with universities to provide appropriate inputs.
A good qualified research oriented Mentor is must for the Knowledge transfer process.
Mentors are the linking pin between the idea germination & business conception and one of the very important constituents of the entrepreneurship process. A mentor can ease the process of building up a business from scratch. Faculty acting as mentor must have research orientation and experienced enough to judge the soundness and feasibility of the idea. He should not only be capable of giving a vague idea into a concrete concept, but also terminating an idea if he or she happens to be unclear about the business objective and the method of execution.
Conclusions
Universities must act as the center of research and knowledge development. Universities have to accept greater responsibilities and challenges. Able mentors. Creating synergy with greater industry- academia interface. Building entrepreneurial culture in the education system right from secondary to higher education. Infrastructural support.
Thank You
ICMIS 2010
(21st January 2010)