STATIC ROUTING

L thuyt v Static Routing

1. Static Routing: 1.1. Static Routing l g ? nh tuyn tnh (Static Routing) l ngi qun tr mng phi nhp cc thng tin v ng i cho router. Khi cu trc mng c xy ra bt k s thay i no th chnh ngi qun tr mng phi xa hoc thm cc thng tin v ng i cho router. ng i nh vy c gi l ng c nh. i vi h thng mng ln th cng vic bo tr bng nh tuyn cho router nh vy tn rt nhiu thi gian. Nhng i vi h thng mng nh, t c thay i th cng vic ny mt cng hn. Chnh v nh tuyn tnh i hi ngi qun tr phi cu hnh mi thng tin v ng i cho router nn n khng c tnh linh hot nh nh tuyn ng (Dynamic Routing). Trong nhng h thng mng ln, nh tuyn tnh thng c s dng kt hp vi giao thc nh tuyn ng cho mt s mc ch c bit. 1.2. Hot ng ca Static Routing : Hot ng ca nh tuyn tnh c th chia ra lam 3 bc sau: -u tin, ngi qun tr mng phi cu hnh cc ng c nh cho router. -Router ci t cc ng i ny vo bng nh tuyn. -Gi d liu c nh tuyn theo cc ng c nh. 1.3. Cu hnh ng c nh : Static Routing c cu hnh bng tay bng cu lnh ip route Cu lnh ip route c th thit lp router tip theo bng hai cch sau: + Giao din i ra (cng i ra).

+ a ch IP ca router k cn.

Ngoi ra, trong Static Routing c mt trng hp c bit c gi l Default Route. Cu lnh tng t nh Static Routing nhng a ch mng ch v subnet mask l khng cn bit. c im ca Default Route l: + u tin thp nht, nm cht bng nh tuyn. + Khng cn bit mng ch nm u v subnet mask l g. V d: R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s1/0 hoc R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2

Lab

Gi s ta c m hnh nh hnh trn. nh tuyn 3 router trn bng Static Routing, ta lm nh sau: i vi router R1: (ta dng outbound interface) Router >en Router # config terminal Router (config) # hostname R1 R1 (config) # interface loopback 0 R1 (config-if) # ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1 (config-if) # exit R1 R1 R1 R1 (config) # interface s1/0 (config-if) # ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 (config-if) # no shutdown (config-if) # exit

R1 (config) # ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 s1/0 R1 (config) # ip route 192.168.23.0 255.255.255.0 s1/0 R1 (config) # ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 s1/0 i vi router R2: (ta dng next hope) Router >en Router # config terminal Router (config) # hostname R2 R2 (config) # interface loopback 0 R2 (config-if) # ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R2 (config-if) # exit R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 (config) # interface s1/0 (config-if) # ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0 (config-if) # no shutdown (config-if) # exit (config) # interface s1/1 (config-if) # ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0 (config-if) # no shutdown (config-if) # exit

R2(config) # ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.1 R2(config) # ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.3

i vi router R3: (ta dng default route) Router >en Router # config terminal Router (config) # hostname R3 R3(config) # interface loopback 0 R3(config-if) # ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if) # exit R3(config) # interface s1/0 R3(config-if) # ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if) # no shutdown R3(config-if) # exit R3(config) # ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s1/0 Xong vic cu hnh cho 3 router. kim tra cc mng c th thy nhau hay khng,

ta c th dng lnh ping kim tra hoc dng lnh show ip route kim tra bng nh tuyn ca cc router.