in sinh khi (Biomass power) l vic s dng sinh khi (Biomass) sn xut in nng.

. y l dng nng lng ti to v c tr lng khng nh nn c nhiu nc quan tm u t v pht trin. Bi vit ny s cp v in sinh khi, ng dng in sinh khi mt s nc trn th gii v tim nng pht trin Vit Nam. Sinh khi v in sinh khi Sinh khi l vt liu hu c d tr nh sng mt tri di dng nng lng ho hc, nng lng t mt tri c "gi" li bi cy ci qua qu trnh quang hp trong giai on pht trin ca chng. Khi c t chy, nng lng ho hc ny c gii phng di dng nhit dng nu nng, si m v lm nhin liu. Khi thc vt sinh trng, chng hp th kh cc-bon-nc (CO2) trong mi trng v d tr n thng qua qu trnh quang hp. Mt lng CO2 tng ng c gii phng khi thc vt b phn hu t nhin hoc t chy. iu c ngha l nng lng sinh khi khng ng gp vo qu trnh pht thi kh nh knh. Trong t nhin, sinh khi bao gm cy ci, cy trng cng nghip, to v cc loi thc vt khc, hoc l nhng b nng nghip v lm nghip (rm r, b ma, v, x bp, l kh, vn g v.v...), giy vn, mtan t cc bi chn lp, trm x l nc thi, phn t cc tri chn nui gia sc v gia cm... Trn quy m ton cu, sinh khi l ngun nng lng ln th t, chim khong 14%-15% tng nng lng tiu th ca th gii. cc nc ang pht trin, sinh khi thng l ngun nng lng ln, trung bnh ng gp khong 35% trong tng cung cp nng lng. V vy nng lng sinh khi gi vai tr quan trng v c kh nng s gi vai tr sng cn trong vic p ng nhu cu nng lng ca th gii trong tng lai. in sinh khi mt s nc trn th gii Hin nay trn th gii c su h thng in sinh hc ln, bao gm: t biomass trc tip, ng t chy, kh ho, tiu ho k kh, nhit phn v h thng in sinh hc nh, module. c tnh ti nm 2020, sn lng in sinh khi ca th gii l hn 30.000 MW.

Nh my in sinh khi Alholmens, Phn Lan cng sut 240 MW in cng vi 160 MW nhit (ngun: Internet)
M l nc sn xut in biomass ln nht th gii, c hn 350 nh my in sinh hc, sn xut trn 7.500MW in mi nm. Nhng nh my ny s dng cht thi t nh my giy, nh my ca, sn phm ph nng nghip, cnh l t cc vn cy n qu... Nng lng biomass chim 4% tng nng lng c tiu th M v 45% nng lng ti sinh. Nht Bn, Chnh ph ban hnh Chin lc nng lng sinh khi t nm 2003 v hin nay ang tch cc thc hin D n pht trin cc th sinh khi (biomass town). n u nm 2011, Nht Bn c 286 th trn sinh khi tri di khp t nc. Ti Hn Quc, nng lng sinh hc ang c tch cc nghin cu, pht trin t nc ny vi mc tiu n nm 2030 nng lng ti to s t 11%, trong nng lng t sinh khi s t 7,12%. Cn Trung Quc c Lut nng lng ti to v hin nay c hn 80 nh my in sn xut t sinh khi vi cng sut n 50MW/nh my. Tim nng l c th t c 30GW in t loi hnh nng lng ny. Cc nh my in sinh khi thng c cng sut b di 10MW. Tuy nhin cng c nhiu nh my in sinh khi cng sut ln trn th gii nh: - Nh my in sinh khi COLMAC Mecca, California, M cng sut 47 MW. - Nh my in Teesdies vng quc Anh, cng sut 295 MW c xy dng v d kin bt u hot ng thng mi vo cui nm nay. - Nh my in sinh khi chuyn dng Alholmens (Phn Lan), cng sut 240 MW in cng vi 160 MW nhit. - Nh my in biomass cng sut 50MW California, s dng ph phm g t cc nh my ca ln cn.

- Nh my in sinh khi cng sut 44 MW ti Steven's Croft Scotland. in sinh khi Vit Nam Vit Nam l mt nc nng nghip nn c tim nng rt ln v ngun nng lng sinh khi nh: g, ph thi - ph phm t nng nghip, cht thi chn nui, rc thi th v cc cht thi hu c khc Trong , ngun sinh khi ch yu vn l g v ph phm nng nghip nh bng sau.

Theo Quy hoch pht trin in lc Quc gia giai on 2011 - 2020, c xt n nm 2030 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ngy 21/7/2011 th Vit Nam t mc tiu n nm 2030 s pht trin nng lng ti to chim 9,4% tng cng sut in c nc. Trong , in gi t 6.200 MW, in sinh khi 2.000 MW, cc loi nng lng khc nh a nhit, in sn xut t rc thi sinh hot, kh sinh hc t khong 6.000 MW. Mt s nh my in Biomass ti Vit Nam - D n xy dng nh my in sinh hc Biomass ti khu Rng Xanh, th trn Phong Chu, huyn Ph Ninh, tnh Ph Th c cp giy chng nhn u t vi tng mc u t 1.160 t ng, cng sut 40MW, d kin n nm 2013 nh my s hon thnh v i vo hot ng vi sn lng in l 331,5 triu KWh/nm. Nh my hot ng s to iu kin cho cc h gia nh nng thn bn ph thi hu c nng nghip v rc thi sinh hot nng thn cho nh my nh: rm, r, thn cy ng, sn, , lc hoa, cy ci sau khai thc rng... - Tp on tp on Doosan (Hn Quc) chun b th tc u t xy dng nh my nhit in sinh khi (Biomass) ti khu cng nghip Minh Hng - Hn Quc (huyn Chn Thnh) c cng sut thit k 19 MW, cung cp hi nc 70m3/h. D n c vn u t 70 triu USD. Nguyn liu th cung cp cho nh my hot ng ch yu t thc vt ngnh nng lm nghip. Tp on s hon tt th tc php l v d n c th hon thnh vo nm 2015. - Nh my nhit in t tru ti KCN Tr Nc 2 TP. Cn Th do Cng ty C phn Nhit in nh Hi u t, hon thnh v a vo hot ng giai on 1 vi cng sut 20 tn hi/gi. Nh my c cng sut pht in 2MW khi nh my

vn hnh ch khng sn xut hi nc. Giai on 2 ca s u t turbine 3,7MW cp in ln li quc gia. - Nhng d n nhit in t tru ti ng bng sng Cu Long: + Tnh An Giang c 2 d n nh my nhit in t tru gm 1 nh my ti khu cng nghip Ha An, huyn Ch Mi, cng sut 10 MW, tng vn u t trn 10 triu USD. Nh my th 2 c cng sut 10 MW, t ti x Vng ng, huyn Thoi Sn, vn u t khong 15 triu USD. Hai nh my ny s tiu th khong 240.000 tn tru. + Tnh Tin Giang c 1 d n nh my nhit in t tru khong 10MW, vn u t trn 18,6 triu USD. + Tnh ng Thp d kin xy dng 1 nh my nhit in t tru ti p Bnh Hip B, huyn Lp V, tng vn 296 t ng, cng sut thit k 10MW. + Tnh Kin Giang s u t xy dng 1 nh my in tru cng sut 11 MW. + Ti Cn Th s xy dng thm mt nh my nhit in t tru ti qun Tht Nt, cng sut 10 MW, tiu th khong 80.000 tn tru/nm. Theo s liu tnh ton, c 5 kg tru to ra 1 KW in, nh vy vi lng tru hng triu tn tru mi nm thu li c hng trm MW in. Theo ng Trn Vit Ngi, Ch tch Hip hi nng lng Vit Nam: Vit Nam c ngun tru di do. y l ngun nguyn liu phong ph phc v cho cc nh my nhit in trong tng lai. Vi li th mt quc gia nng nghip, Vit Nam c ngun sinh khi ln v a dng t g ci, tru, b c ph, rm r v b ma. Ph phm nng nghip rt phong ph di do vng ng bng sng Cu Long, chim khong 50% tng sn lng ph phm nng nghip ton quc v vng ng bng sng Hng vi 15% tng sn lng ton quc. Hng nm ti Vit Nam c gn 60 triu tn sinh khi t ph phm nng nghip trong 40% c s dng p ng nhu cu nng lng cho h gia nh v sn xut in. Trong khi ngun nng lng ho thch ngy cng cn kit, nhu cu s dng in ngy cng cao th gii php s dng ngun in sinh khi thay th mang ngha to ln trn cc kha cnh kinh t, x hi v mi trng. Hn na, Vit Nam li c tim nng to ln pht trin in sinh khi c trong hin ti v tng lai. Tuy nhin, s cc d n nng lng ti to i vo hot ng tnh n thi im ny vn cn qu t v ch c vi d n l in sinh khi ni li, vic u t mang nng tnh t pht, thiu quy hoch tng th v cha tng xng vi tim nng hin c ca quc gia. Do vy, u t cc nh my in sinh khi khng ch p ng nhu cu v in ngy cng tng m cn gp phn y mnh s pht trin ca t nc theo xu hng pht trin bn vng. Ngoi ra, in sinh khi cn gip ngi nng dn c thm ngun thu nhp t nhng th m trc y l ph thi nh rm, tru, b ma, mn ca, vo to thm nhiu vic lm cho h.

Biopower
Biopower, or biomass power, is the use of biomass to generate electricity. Biopower system technologies include direct-firing, cofiring, gasification, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion. Most biopower plants use direct-fired systems. They burn bioenergy feedstocks directly to produce steam. This steam drives a turbine, which turns a generator that converts the power into electricity. In some biomass industries, the spent steam from the power plant is also used for manufacturing processes or to heat buildings. Such combined heat and power systems greatly increase overall energy efficiency. Paper mills, the largest current producers of biomass power, generate electricity or process heat as part of the process for recovering pulping chemicals. Co-firing refers to mixing biomass with fossil fuels in conventional power plants. Coalfired power plants can use co-firing systems to significantly reduce emissions, especially sulfur dioxide emissions. Gasification systems use high temperatures and an oxygenstarved environment to convert biomass into synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The synthesis gas, or "syngas," can then be chemically converted into other fuels or products, burned in a conventional boiler, or used instead of natural gas in a gas turbine. Gas turbines are very much like jet engines, only they turn electric generators instead of propelling a jet. High-efficiency to begin with, they can be made to operate in a "combined cycle," in which their exhaust gases are used to boil water for steam, a second round of power generation, and even higher efficiency. Using a similar thermochemical process but different conditions (totally excluding rather than limiting oxygen, in a simplified sense) will pyrolyze biomass to a liquid rather than gasify it. As with syngas, pyrolysis oil can be burned to generate electricity or used as a chemical source for making fuels, plastics, adhesives, or other bioproducts. The natural decay of biomass under anaerobic conditions produces methane, which can be captured and used for power production. In landfills, wells can be drilled to release the methane from decaying organic matter. Then pipes from each well carry the methane to a central point, where it is filtered and cleaned before burning. This produces electricity and reduces the release of methane (a very potent greenhouse gas) into the atmosphere. Methane can also be produced from biomass through a process called anaerobic digestion. Natural consortia of bacteria are used to decompose organic matter in the absence of oxygen in closed reactors. Gas suitable for power production is produced, and possibly troublesome wastes (such as those at sewage treatment plants or feedlots) are turned to usable compost. Gasification, anaerobic digestion, and other biomass power technologies can be used in small, modular systems with internal combustion or other generators. These could be helpful for providing electrical power to villages remote from the electrical grid particularly if they can use the waste heat for crop drying or other local industries. Small, modular systems can also fit well with distributed energy generation systems.

BioPower BioPower, in sinh khi, s dng sinh khi to ra in. BioPower h thng cng ngh bao gm trc tip sa thi, cofiring kh ha, nhit phn, v tiu ha k kh.

Hu ht cc nh my BioPower s dng h thng t trc tip. H t chy nguyn liu nng lng sinh hc trc tip sn xut hi nc. Hi nc ny a mt tuabin, quay mt my pht in c th chuyn i nng lng thnh in nng. Trong mt s ngnh cng nghip sinh khi, hi nc c chi t cc nh my in cng c s dng cho cc qu trnh sn xut hoc cc ta nh nhit. Nh vy kt hp nhit v h thng in lm tng hiu qu s dng nng lng tng th. Nh my giy, cc nh sn xut ln nht hin nay ca in sinh khi, to ra in hay nhit qu trnh nh l mt phn ca qu trnh phc hi ha cht xay thnh bt.

Bn Co- cp n sinh khi pha trn vi cc loi nhin liu ha thch trong cc nh my in thng thng. Cc nh my in t than c th s dng ng bn h thng lm gim ng k lng kh thi, c bit l pht thi kh lu hunh. H thng kh ho s dng nhit cao v mt mi trng thiu oxy chuyn i sinh khi thnh kh tng hp, mt hn hp ca hydro v carbon monoxide. Kh tng hp, hoc "kh tng hp", sau c th c chuyn i ha hc thnh nhin liu khc hoc sn phm, t chy trong mt ni hi thng thng, hoc s dng thay th kh t t nhin trong mt tuabin kh. Tua bin kh l rt nhiu nh ng c phn lc, ch c h chuyn my pht in thay v thc y mt chic my bay. Hiu qu cao bt u vi, h c th c thc hin hot ng trong mt "chu trnh hn hp, trong kh thi ca h c s dng un si nc cho hi nc, mt vng th hai ca th h quyn lc, v hiu qu thm ch cn cao hn.

S dng mt qu trnh tng t nh nhit ha nhng iu kin khc nhau (hon ton khng bao gm thay v hn ch oxy, trong mt ngha n gin) s pyrolyze sinh khi cht lng ch khng phi l kh ha n. Nh vi kh tng hp, du nhit phn c th c t chy to ra in hoc c s dng nh mt ngun ha cht lm nhin liu, cht do, cht kt dnh, hoc cc ch phm sinh hc khc.

S phn r t nhin ca sinh khi trong iu kin ym kh sn xut kh m-tan, m c th c bt v c s dng sn xut in. Cc bi chn lp, ging c th c khoan gii phng kh methane t phn hy cht hu c. Sau , ng ng t mi cng mang theo kh m-tan mt im trung tm, ni m n c lc v lm sch trc khi t chy. iu ny to ra in v lm gim s pht hnh ca kh m-tan (mt loi kh gy hiu ng nh knh rt mnh) vo bu kh quyn.

Methane cng c th c sn xut t sinh khi thng qua mt qu trnh c gi l tiu ha k kh. T nhin tp hp cc vi khun c s dng phn hy cht hu c trong s vng mt ca oxy trong cc l phn ng kn. Kh ph hp cho sn xut in nng c sn xut, v cht thi c th rc ri (chng hn nh nhng ngi ti cc nh my x l nc thi hoc cc tri chn nui) c chuyn sang phn hu c c th s dng.

Kh ha, tiu ha k kh, v cc cng ngh nng lng sinh khi khc c th c s dng trong nh, h thng m-un vi t trong hoc my pht in khc. y c th l hu ch cho vic cung cp in cho lng t xa t in li, c bit l nu h c th s dng nhit thi sy cy trng hoc cc ngnh cng nghip a phng khc. Nh, h thng kiu m-un cng c th ph hp vi cc h thng th h phn phi nng lng.