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Mach Chong Trom Analog
Mach Chong Trom Analog
07733211
Lp : CT9B
Khoa :
CNG NGH IN T
Nm hoc: 2008-2009
GVHD:
L L QUYN QUYN
LI M U
Vit Nam ta ngy pht trin v giu mnh. Mt trong nhng thay i ng
k l Vit Nam gia nhp WTO, mt bc ngoc quan trng t nc thay
i b mt ngho nng ca mnh, chng ta con ngi Vit Nam c c hi nm
bt nhiu thnh tu v i ca th gii, c bit l v cc lnh vc khoa hc k tut
ni chung v ngnh in T ni ring.
Th h tr chng ta khng t mnh phn u hc hi khng ngng th chng
ta s sm lt hu v nhanh chng b tht li. Nhn ra c iu trng I
HC CNG NGHIP THNH PH H CH MINH sm ch trng hnh
thc o to su rng, t thp n cao. cp nht chng trnh ging dy sinh
vin c th lun nm bt c nhng kin thc tt nht p ng cho nhu cu hc
tp v x hi. Nhng mn hc v in t c ng dng rt nhiu. Bn cnh
nh trng cn to mi iu kin sinh vin c th lm quen vi cc trang thit
b qua cc m hnh hc tp.
tng cht lng hc tp ca sinh vin nh trng ni chung v trung tm
in T ni ring, khoa in T t chc cho sinh vin lm cc n mn hc
nhm to nn tng vng chc cho sinh vin khi ra trng, p ng nhu cu tuyn
dng vic lm.V hiu su thm nhm chng em xin chn ti MCH BO
TRM DNG TIA HNG NGOI.
LI CM N
Trong qu trnh thc hin n chng em xin chn thnh cm n s tn tnh
hng dn ca thy c trong vin in t trng H Bch Khoa H Ni. Do kin
thc cn hn hp nn trong qu trnh thc hin n chng em khng th trnh
khi sai st, mong qu thy c trong hi ng kho th v cc bn ng gp kin
bi hon chnh hn. Knh mong nhn c s gip .
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
1.in tr:
- in tr l mt linh kin c tnh cn tr dng in v lm mt s chc nng khc
ty vo v tr in tr trong mch in.
- Cu to: in tr c cu to t nhng vt liu c in tr sut cao nh lm
bng than, magie kim loi Ni-O2, oxit kim loi, dy qun. biu th gi tr in
tr. Ngi ta dung cc vng mu biu th gi tr in tr.
- K hiu:
tha
Gi tr in tr = tr s x nhn t ly tha)
- Phn cui cng: (khng cn quan tm nhiu)lvch mu nm tch bit vi ba
vch mutrc, thng c mu hong kim hoc mubc, dng xc nh sai s
ca gi tr intr, hong kim l 5%, bc l 10%.
2.T in:
-T in l linh kin c kh nng tch in. T in cch in vi dng in mt
chiu v cho dng in xoay chiu truyn qua.
-T in c chia lm hai loi chnh: loi khng phn cc v loi c phn cc.
-Loic phn cc thng c gi tr ln hn loi khng phn cc, trn hai chn ca
loi phn cc c phn bit chn ni m, ni dng r rng, khi gn t c phn cc
vo mch in, nu gn ngc chiu m dng, t phn cc c th b h v hot
ng sai. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn gi tn t in theo vt liu lm t, v d: t gm,
t giy, t ha...
-Hnh dng: t in c kh nhiu hnh dng khc nhau.
K hiu: c k hiu l C
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n v ca t in
- n v ca t in l Fara, 1 Fara c tr s rt ln v trong thc t ngi ta
thng dng cc n v nh hn nh
+ P(Pico Fara) 1 Pico = 1/1000.000.000.000 Fara (vit gn l 1pF)
+ N(Nano Fara) 1 Nano = 1/1000.000.000 Fara
(vit gn l 1nF)
(vit gn l 1F)
Transistor PNP
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-Led
- Photodiode :
nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi)
c pht ra t Led l nh sng
khng th nhn thy c bng mt
thng, c bc sng khong t
0.86m n 0.98m. Tia hng ngoi
c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh
sng v c thu
5. IC NE555.
IC NE555 gm c 8 chn.
- Chn s 1(GND): cho ni mase ly dng cp cho IC
- Chn s 2(TRIGGER): ng vo ca 1 tn so p.mch so p dng
cc transistor PNP. Mc p chun l 2*Vcc/3.
- Chn s 3(OUTPUT): Ng ra .trng thi ng ra ch xc nh theo
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=[ 0].
= [0].
= [1] v Q = [0].
= [1], transisitor
Giai on ng ra mc 1:
Khi bm cng tc khi ng, chn 2 mc 0.
V in p chn 2 (V-) nh hn V1(V+), ng ra ca Op-amp 1 mc 1 nn S =
[1], Q = [1] v
= [0]. Ng ra ca IC mc 1.Khi
vn khng i.
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amp 2 mc 0. V vy Q v
Kt qu cui cng:
Ng ra OUT c tn hiu dao ng dng sng vung, c chu k n nh
Thit k mch dao ng = IC
Ni dung : IC to dao ng h XX555, Thit k mch dao ng to ra xung vung
c tn s v rng bt k.
1. IC to dao ng XX555 ; XX c th l TA hoc LA v v ...
Tnh Ts v Tm = ? Tnh tn s f = ?
Bi lm:
Ta c Ts = 0,7 x R2 x C1 = 0,7 x 100.103 x 10-5 = 0,7 s
Tm = 0,7 x ( R1 + R2 ) x C1 = 0,7 x 200.103 x 105 = 1,4 s
=> T = Tm + Ts = 1,4s + 0,7s = 2,1s
=> f =1 / T = 1/2,1 ~ 0,5 Hz
Mch to xung c Tm = 0,1s , Ts = 1s
6. IC 7805_ IC n p 5 Vol.
Vi nhng mch in khng i hi n nh ca in p qu
cao, s dng IC n p thng c ngi thit k s dng v mch in kh n
gin. Cc loi n p thng c s dng l IC 78xx, vi xx l in p cn n p.
V d 7805 n p 5V, 7812 n p 12V. Vic dng cc loi IC n p 78xx tng t
nhau, di y l minh ha cho IC n p 7805
S pha di IC 7805 c 3 chn:
Chn s 1 l chn IN
Chn s 2 l chn GND
Chn s 3 l chn OUT
Ng ra OUT lun n nh 5V d in p t ngun cung cp thay i. Mch ny
dng bo v nhng mch in ch hot ng in p 5V (cc loi IC thng
hot ng in p ny). Nu ngun in c s c t ngt: in p tng cao th
mch in vn hot ng n nh nh c IC 7805 vn gi c in p ng ra
OUT 5V khng i.
Mch trn ly ngun mt chiu t mt my bin p vi in p t 7V n 9V
a vo ng IN. Khi kt ni mch in, do nhiu nguyn nhn, ngi dng d
nhm ln cc tnh ca ngun cung cp khi u ni vo mch, trong trng hp ny
rt d nh hng n cc linh kin trn board mch. V l do mt diode cu
c lp thm vo mch, diode cu m bo cc tnh ca ngun cp cho mch
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theo mt chiu duy nht, v ngui dng cng khng cn quan tm n cc tnh ca
ngun khi ni vo ng IN na.
Ch : in p t trc IC78xx phi ln hn in p cn n p t 1.5V n 2V
T in ng vai tr n nh v chng nhiu cho ngun. (c th b hai t in nu
mch in khng i hi).
7. IC pht nhc.
IC3 UM66 ch l con chp pht nhc c khuych i bi
Transitor nhm cnh bo khi c s t nhp.
Khi chn chc nng v khi m ha: Khi ngi s dng bm vo cc phm chc
nng pht lnh yu cu ca mnh, mi phm chc nng tng ng vi mt s
thp phn. Mch m ha s chuyn i thnh m nh phn tng ng di dng
m lnh tn hiu s gm cc bt 0 v 1. S bit trong m lnh nh phn c th l 4 bit
hay 8 bit ty theo s lng cc phm chc nng nhiu hay t.
- Khi dao ng c iu kin: Khi nhn 1 phm chc nng th ng thi khi ng
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- Khi thit b thu: Tia hng ngoi t phn pht c tip nhn bi LED thu hng
ngoi hay cc linh kin quang khc.
- Khi khuch i v Tch sng: trc tin khuch i tnh hiu nhn ri a qua
mch tch sng nhm trit tiu sng mang v tch ly d liu cn thit l m lnh.
- Khi chuyn i ni tip sang song song v Khi gii m: m lnh c a vo
mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song v a tip qua khi gii m ra thnh s
thp phn tng ng di dng mt xung kch ti ng ra tng ng kch m
mch iu khin.
-Tn s sng mang cn c dng so pha vi tn s dao ng bn phn thu
gip cho mch thu pht hot ng ng b , m bo cho mch tch sng v mch
chuyn i ni tip sang song song hot ng chnh xc.
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khuych i so snh khi IC nhn in p chun l 1/3 Vcc. Khi so snh tn hiu
SET iu khin Flip_Flop lm cho chn s 3 xut hin xung vung.
Xung vung ny lm cho Q1 dn trng thi bo ha, Relay trng thi ng, tin
hiu mc cao li c chuyn n cc B ca Q1, lm cho Relay lun trng thi
ng khi khng cn tn hiu hng ngoi.
Khi Relay ng, s cung cp ngun cho thit b bo ng. Khi bo ng c s
dng l loi mch khuych i thng thng s dng ic nhc UM66, hoc l khi
n c m phng bi Led D5.
K1 lm nhim v ngt tn hiu bo ng khi cn thit .
Mch thu ny c th thu nhn tn hiu hng ngoi t rt xa trn 20m m khng b
nhiu bi nh sng mi trng.
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PHN V: KT LUN
1. Kt qu.
Sau thi gian thc hin n mn hc, cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca
c Quyn, chng em hon thnh n ng theo quy nh. thc hin c
yu cu ca ti, chng em khng ngng hc hi, tm hiu nhng vn v
cc loi linh kin in t v cc vn khc lin quan.V th kin thc v in t;
kinh nghim thc t khi lm mch c s tin b vt bc. Mt ln na, chng
em xin chn thnh cm n!
2. Hn ch.
V sn phm lm ra ch nhm mc ch nghin cu nn cn mang tnh c
bn v khng c s dng rng ri ngoi thc t.
3. Hng pht trin.
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TP H CH MINH.
4.WEBSIDE:
WWW.DIENDANDIENTU.COM
WWW.ANT7.COM
WWW.DIENTUVIETNAM.COM
WWW.WINKIPEDIA.COM.
ALLDATASHEET.COM
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MC LC
Trang
LI M
U...2
LI CM N...
3
PHN I: GII THIU V MT VI LINH KIN.6
C S DNG TRONG MCH
1. in
tr...6
2. T
in7
28
3.
Tranzitor.
8
4.
Diode_Led..
8
5. IC
NE5558
6. IC 7805_ IC n p 5
Vol..11
7. IC pht
nhc.12
PHN II: S KHI V NHIM V CC KHI CHNH...12
1. S khi pht hng
ngoi.12
2. S khi thu hng
ngoi..13
PHN III: S NGUYN L V NGUYN L HOT NG
14
1. Khi
ngun..14
2. Khi pht tn hiu hng
ngoi.14
3. Khi thu tn hiu hng ngoi v pht tn hiu bo
ng.15
PHN IV: THI CNG TI
...17
29
PHN V: KT LUN
18
1. Kt
qu18
2. Hn
ch18
3. Hng pht
trin.18
TI LIU THAM KHO..
..19
MC
LC20
30