PA - EMG

HYPERTHYROIDISM :
KULIT : WARM, MOIST & FLUSH. MATA : EXOPHTHALMUS Hanya pada GAVES / BASEDOWN JANTUNG : THYROTOXIC CARDIOMYOPAHY : FOKUS FOKUS INFILTRASI LIMFOSIT & EOSINOFIL PERLEMAKAN PADA OTOT JANTUNG. FIBROSIS RINGAN PADA JARINGAN INTERSTITIUM. OTOT : ATROFI & FATTY INFILTRATION.

HIPERTIROID
1. 2. GRAVES DS. : SUATU DIFFUSE TOXIC HYPERPLASIA. TOXIC NODULAR GOITER : A. SOLITARY NODULE B. MULTINODULAR METASTATIC & WELL DIFFERENTIATED CA. ACUTE & SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS

3. 4.

PARATIROID
1. HYPERPARATHYROID PRIMER OK. ADENOMA, BIASANYA - 5 gr HIPERPLASIA PRIMER < - 1 HIPER PARATHY. SEKUNDER : TERJ. HIPERPLASIA. HIPOPARATHY.

2. 3.

DIABETES MELLITUS
BISA TERDAPAT SATU / LEBIH 1. REDUCTION IN THE SIZE AND NUMBER OF ISLETS. 2. INCREASE IN THE SIZE AND NUMBER OF ISLETS. -PD. DIABETIC OR NONDIABETIC INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS. 3. BETA CELL DEGRANULATION : - PD. INSULIN DEPENDENT. 4. FIBROSISS OF ISLETS. 5. AMYLOID REPLACEMENT OF ISLETS. 6. LEUKOCYTIC INFILTRATIONS. YG. PLG. SRG. HEAVY LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATES ( DIS. : INSULITIS )

TUMOR PANKREAS
CA. PANCREAS : YG. PD. BG. EXOCRINE :
HEAD OF P. 60%.
BISA 9 10 cm, BISA LEBIH, INFILTRATIF TAMPAK GRAY WHITE SCIRRHOUS.

BODY 15 20% TAIL 5% - BESAR, KERASA, BISA MENGGANTIKAN P. BIASA DITEMUKAN STL. BESAR. ISLET CELL TUMORS.

HIPOFISE
TUMOR BIASANYA ADENOMA SHEEHANSS SYNDROME : 95 -99%. LOBUS ANT. RUSAK

HYPOTHALAMIC SUPRASELLAR TUMORS : ( HST) - CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA :

ASAL SISA KANTUNG RATHKE. 3 4 cm BERKAPSUL NYA TERKALSIFIKASI OK. GB. PA DIS. ADAMANTINOMA / AMELLOBLASTOMA.

H. S. T. BISA SEBABKAN DIABETES INSIPIDUS.

KEL. SUPRARENAL
CORTEX
HYPERADRENALISM : HYPERFUNCTION OF ADRENAL CORTEX 1. CUSHING SYNDR. ENDOGEN : -HIPER SEKRESI ACTH
-ECTOPIC PROD. OF ACTH -ADRENAL ADENOMA, CA., NODULAR HYPERPLASIA.

EXOGEN : -IATROGENIC
2. PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM : -CONNS SYNDR. CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA : ADRENO GENITAL SYNDR. = ADRENAL VIRILISM

3.

HYPOADRENALISM = HYPOFUNCTION OF ADRENAL CORTEX

PRIMARY ACUTE ADRENOCORTICAL INSUF JARANG

PD. = -WITH DRAWAL STEROID TERLALU CEPAT -KRISIS PD. PASIEN CHRONIC ADRENO CORTICAL INSUF -MASSIVE DESTRUCTION OF THE ADRENAL : C. : WATERHOUSE FRIDERICHSEN SYNDR.

PRIMARY CHRONIC ADRENOCORTICAL INSUF (ADDISONS DS.)

ADA HYPERPIGMENTASI KERUSAKAN PD. ADRENAL ( 90 % )

SECONDARY ADRENOCORTICAL INSUF - TAK ADA HYPERPIGMENTASI - KERUSAKAN PD. : HYPOTHALAMUS / PITUITARY - PENGGUNAAN LAMA GLUCOLORTICOID.

MODULLA
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CATECHOLAMINE INDUCED HYPERTENSION. BISA JINAK, BISA GANAS BEDANYA = METASTASE