(FPTZOUIFUJDTZPVDBOUSVTU

Geocomposites
Geocomposites are prefabricated drainage products which
directly replace conventional granular ll. They normally consist
of at least two different components; a three dimensional
polymer core, which acts as the transport medium, and a geotextile
lter fabric which allows liquids to pass into the core but prevents
the surrounding ll from washing in and clogging the core.
Geocomposites need to meet the following criteria
1hey musL be robusL und survlve Lhe deslgn llIe oI Lhe sLrucLure
1he geoLexLlle lLer Iubrlc musL prevenL surroundlng ll Irom
entering the core
1he geoLexLlle musL noL unduly deIorm und resLrlcL Lhe ow
1hey musL huve good chemlcul reslsLunce.
Terram Geocomposites are proven to stand the test of time,
establishing an impressive track record with extensive use in civil
and architectural projects across the world for over forty years.
Selecting Terram Geocomposites offers many benets
lrovldes und mulnLulns hlgh volume ow puLhs Ior wuLer
and gases; maintaining soil structure integrity
lllLruLlon properLles ure sulLuble Ior mosL buckll Lypes
kobusL muLerluls meun Lhey cun survlve Lhe
rigours of a construction site installation
elng llghL und eusy Lo hundle Lhey ure qulck und eusy Lo
install and offer a cost effective replacement to
conventional materials
MunuIucLured Lo hlgh quullLy conLrols ln our sLuLe oI Lhe
art facility in the UK they offer consistent performance
Mlnlmlslng Lhe envlronmenLul lmpucL oI consLrucLlon by
replacing bulkier natural-won materials. This means less
haulage into site, less excavation on site and less quarrying
for the alternative materials.
Design considerations
Hydruullc lroperLles
ln-plune ow (Lo meeL uppllcuLlon requlremenL)
lllLer ow ruLe (conslder soll permeublllLy und grudlenL)
lllLer properLles
1errum nonwoven Lhermully bonded geoLexLlle lLer Iubrlc
suitable for site soil type
1enslle sLrengLh wlLh hlgh modulus (Lo reslsL deIormuLlon
oI Lhe lLer lnLo Lhe core)
Ck puncLure reslsLunce
lolymer oI core und lLer
keslsLunce Lo chemlcul und bucLerlul uLLuck
keslsLunce Lo creep
Uv sLuble
Core crush sLrengLh
keslsLunce Lo long Lerm ground pressures
UepLh oI lnsLulluLlon
Llve louds (overheud vehlcle LruIc, especlully
durlng consLrucLlon phuse)
Ck puncLure reslsLunce
ConsLrucLlon lnsLulluLlon (hlgh exposure Lo dumuge, especlully
durlng consLrucLlon phuse)
Tensile strength
ConsLrucLlon lnsLulluLlon (hlgh exposure Lo dumuge)
lredlcLed seLLlemenLs (deIormuLlon ln wusLe Llp uppllcuLlons)
ond oI lLer Lo core
ln-plune sheur (when used on lncllned slope, Lo
prevenL creuLlon oI u sllp plune lI sheur Iullure occurs)
OUR BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Within the construction and landscaping sectors the use of geosynthetics has
become fundamental in solving an increasingly diverse range of global geotechnical
and environmental protection problems. Typical traditional applications for
geosynLheLlcs lnclude Soll kelnIorcemenL, Ground SLublllsuLlon, lllLruLlon, Urulnuge,
lroLecLlon und Lroslon ConLrol.
The ongoing impact of climate change and the requirement to deliver sustainable
development, is increasingly creating the need for more diverse and innovative
applications. These applications include green roofs, pervious paving systems,
geocellular tanks, basement construction, geocellular connement and tree
protection systems. Through the ongoing commitment to achieve sustainability
within the built environment, geosynthetics are being incorporated into major
infrastructure projects such as renewable energy schemes, on-shore wind farms
and alternative forms of transport such as light rail networks.
BESPOKE MANUFACTURING
Terram has a broad range of off the shelf geocomposite products
to cover most applications. However we are proud of our ability
to manufacture bespoke products to suit specic applications for
your project.
At Terram we have forty years of experience of manufacturing
geosynthetics for demanding applications throughout the global
civil engineering industry. We know how important it is that the
materials you choose to use will perform consistently and reliably
throughout the life of the project.
espoke munuIucLurlng ls u new upprouch Lo munuIucLurlng
geosynthetics that harnesses our extensive knowledge of a
wide range of geosynthetic solutions and marries their specic
properties to solve your problem.
Geotextiles, geogrids and geomembranes are just some of the
products that have combined into geocomposite products
answering the specic problems of our customers; whether it
be soil reinforcement, ground stabilisation, ltration, drainage,
protection or erosion control.
Our technical development team will work with you to develop
your bespoke solution in our facility in South Wales. The product
is developed to your specication then tested to ensure product
performance before being signed off for use in your application.
lI you're noL sure whuL speclcuLlon you need Lhen our Lechnlcul
team will work with you to understand the problem before
developing the solution.
Geogrld . 1errum GeoLexLlle . 1errum GeoLexLlle . Urulnuge neL . 1errum GeoLexLlle.
1errum Hydrophoblc GeoLexLlle . Urulnuge neL . 1errum GeoLexLlle.
Needlepunch . lmpermeuble lm . Urulnuge neL . 1errum GeoLexLlle.
Needlepunch . lmpermeuble lm . 1errum GeoLexLlle.
Terram Geotextile : Needlepunch.
Needlepunch : Terram Geotextile : Needlepunch.
1errum GeoLexLlle . Urulnuge neL . lmpermeuble lm.
Waste management is a demanding environment for
geocomposlLe drulnuge sysLems. esldes Lhe sLundurd wusLe
management drainage requirements, the drainage system must
be capable of draining aggressive liquids and venting volatile
guses. lolymer reslsLunce Lo chemlcul und bucLerlul uLLuck ls
a vital requirement.
Geocomposites applied to slopes and loaded with ll material,
are subjected to in-plane shear forces; therefore the method
of bonding the core to the geotextiles is also an important
consideration. All Terram Geocomposites are thermally bonded
to ensure the best join between the constituent materials
and to minimise shear failure.
Terram Geocomposites offer solutions in both landll capping
and landll lining applications, effectively replacing traditional
stone drainage layers.
Landll Caps
Lundll cups should lnclude boLh u drulnuge luyer ubove Lhe
capping membrane and a gas collection layer below. Terram
Geocomposites can be used in either application and offer both
reduced cost and higher, factory constant, performance than
traditional solutions, such as crushed stone.
lnsLulled ubove Lhe llner, 1errum GeocomposlLes usslsL ln
collecting and draining any rainwater from the overlying soils.
This will help prevent the overlying soils destabilising through
saturation and, with correct design, assist in protecting the
capping layer from damage or failure.
lnsLulled below Lhe geosynLheLlc llner, 1errum GeocomposlLes
provide a free passage for the movement of potentially dangerous
harmful landll gases, which can then be collected or dispersed.
ln uddlLlon, Lhe comblnuLlon oI geoLexLlle lLer Iubrlc und
polymeric drainage cores, provide protection to possible
damage of the liner from sharp materials within the waste.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Typical applications include:
Lundll cup drulnuge
Llner proLecLlon
Lundll gus venLlng
Leuk deLecLlon
GroundwuLer conLrol
ConLumlnuLlon lsoluLlon.
TERRAM GEOCOMPOSITES IN LANDFILL CAP APPLICATION
Gas venting/collection system
Terram Geocomposite
Terram Geomembrane
Terram Geocomposite
Capping soils Waste
Perforated drainage pipe
Manifold collector pipe
Basal Landll Liners
y repluclng Lhe LrudlLlonul sLone luyer wlLh u much Lhlnner
Terram Geocomposite, more volume for waste is created
within the landll. Terram Geocomposites installed beneath the
basal lining system will form an effective drainage system for
groundwater, helping prevent many problems associated with
vurylng ucLuuLlng groundwuLer levels.
Leakage Detection
lnsLulllng u 1errum GeocomposlLe beLween Lhe prlmury und
secondary liners forms an effective leak detection system that
noL only hlghllghLs Lhe presence oI u leuk buL ulso hus Lhe ow
capacity to collect the discharge until the leak is repaired.

Design Considerations
UepLh oI ll (wusLe)
1ype oI ll (wusLe)
LeuchuLe/gus volumes
Soll condlLlons
Hydrology
WuLer Luble.
Environmental Protection
Terram Geocomposites installed over contaminated soils and
below clean ll, form a capillary break preventing contaminated
water rising to the clean soils; they also form a horizontal
drain that permits the lateral drainage of inltrated rainwater
prevenLlng lL Irom enLerlng Lhe conLumlnuLed zone. lor Lhese
applications Terram Geocomposites can be fabricated with both
high visibility geotextiles or high visibility drainage core.
TRADITIONAL STONE LAYER USING TERRAM GEOCOMPOSITE
Terram Geomembrane Terram Geocomposite
Clay
Terram Geomembrane
150mm
300mm
600mm 600mm
6mm
Clay
Waste
Sand
Waste
Gravel
STRUCTURAL DRAINAGE
Ueslgned especlully Lo cope wlLh Lhese demundlng horlzonLul
or vertical applications, Terram Geocomposites have a time
proven record on projects undertaken by major organisations.
A wlde runge oI ow cupuclLles und Lhe ublllLy Lo Lullor Lhe lLer
fabric to the specic application means Terram Geocomposites
offer the perfect blend of drainage capacity and protection.
Quick, easy to handle, efcient and cost effective drainage
systems are necessary in areas of construction such as basements,
culverts, car parks, reservoirs and many other structural and
subsurface applications.
Slopes and Embankments
The drainage function in stabilised earth embankments is
as important as the reinforcement design; drainage at the
toe and crest as well as behind the structure is an important
consideration. Terram offer a range of products suitable for
reinforcement that work effectively with Terram Geocomposites
in the drainage application to offer a total solution for
slope stabilisation.
Typical applications include:
keLulnlng wull drulnuge
rldge ubuLmenLs
usemenLs
1unnel drulnuge.
Concrete retaining
structure
Soil backll
Terram Geocomposite
Perforated collector pipe
Pavement
Soil backll
Screed
Shingle
Terram Geotextile lter
Terram Geocomposite
Soil backll
Terram Geotextile wrapped
perforated land drain
Concrete slab
Blinding
Surface runoff Surface drain
Water
table
Terram
Geocomposite
Trench backll
Porous pipe
Terram Geotextile
Slope
RETAINING STRUCTURES
BURIED STRUCTURES
SLOPES AND EMBANKMENTS
Retaining Structures
To maintain the stability of a retaining structure it is
important to provide an efcient drainage system behind it.
Terram Geocomposites reduce pore water pressures. This enables
threatening saturated ground conditions to be avoided. Simple
and fast to install, this system cuts the cost of conventional
drainage systems and gives superior performance.
Buried Structures
Terram Geocomposites installed against the external faces of
a buried structure will form a highly effective drainage system
for groundwater. They replace traditional free draining stone
backlls and allow excavated materials to be used as backll
thus offering savings in terms of materials both imported and
exported from site.
Tunnels
LIclenL und robusL drulnuge sysLems cupuble oI hlgh
ln-plune ow ruLes ure necessury Lo overcome Lhe wuLer
seepage problems encountered in tunnels.
The Terram Geocomposite intercepts groundwater seepage
between the rock face and the concrete tunnel lining which
is then transported away in a perforated drainage pipe.
SUDS
luved ureus, rooI gurdens und plunLer boxes requlre u llghL und
versuLlle drulnuge sysLem cupuble oI u hlgh ln-plune ow ruLe
as most applications are horizontal. The Terram geocomposite
runge hus u hlgh ow ruLe, hlgh compresslve sLrengLh und good
resistance to creep. Their use reduces manpower and minimises
the need for heavy materials making them ideal solutions for
these applications.
Concrete lining
Perforated pipe
Terram
Geocomposite
Vegetation
Terram Geocomposite
Concrete roof deck
150 - 1500mm substrate
Insulation
Terram RootGuard
GREEN ROOF SUDS
TUNNELS
Geocomposite drains are used extensively in a number of
applications within highway projects. They offer signicant
savings to the contractor in terms of both cost and time.
Geocomposite drains directly replace traditional stone drainage
designs; these are increasingly expensive and cause damage to
the environment, as stone has to be quarried and transported to
site. The excavated materials are often carried from site, normally
to landll; using space saving geocomposite drains means these
arisings can be used for backll, offering further savings.
verLlcul edge drulns runnlng purullel Lo Lhe roudwuy ure necessury
Lo lnLercepL Lhe luLerul ow oI groundwuLer. 1hls ls necessury ln
order to maintain the desired moisture content within the base
and sub-base layers.
The use of the geocomposite n drain system in this application
provides a fast installation and saves on excavation and backll.
lucLory munuIucLured, Lhe producL guurunLees peuce oI mlnd ln
its purpose under all construction conditions.
Design Considerations
Hydrology
luvemenL surIuclng.
STRUCTURAL DRAINAGE - ROADS
Destressed slotted pipe Sock integral to geocomposite formed
from Terram lter Geotextile
Perforated pipe inserted into integral sock
Terram Geocomposite
Typical Applications Include:
Hlghwuy Ldge Urulnuge
Under Chunnel Urulnuge
verge, Loe und buLLer drulns.
GEOCOMPOSITE DRAIN - PERFORATED PIPE GEOCOMPOSITE DRAIN - SLOTTED PIPE
Terram Geocomposite
Frost protection
1errum lrosL lunkeL ls u purpose deslgned geocomposlLe Ior
mlLlguLlng Lhe eIIecLs oI IrosL heuve ln uIIecLed ureus. lnsLulled
horizontally to form a break it prevents the capillary rise of
groundwater from the water table into the zone where it
can be frost affected: thereby reducing the potential for
dumuge Irom Lhe Ireeze/Lhuw cycle (IrosL heuve).
lL hus been used wlLh greuL success on u number oI slgnlcunL
projects in areas widely affected by the problem such as
Kazakhstan and Siberia.
Salt protection
1errum SulL urrler ls u producL developed Lo prevenL Lhe dumuge
caused by the capillary rise of saline groundwater into sweet
soils vegetation zones. The cultivation of soft landscaped areas in
areas with saline groundwater has traditionally required a
300mm layer of crushed stone in the build up to stop the rise of
saline groundwater, which ultimately kills the vegetation.
1errum SulL urrler hus been speclully developed Lo repluce Lhls
stone and reduce the environmental impact of the construction
by removing this stone and the haulage necessary to get it to site.
lL hus u proven record on u number oI hlgh prole pro|ecLs
ln ureus such us Lhe Mlddle LusL where lL wus exLenslvely used
on Lhe lulm ]umelruh UevelopmenL.
SALT BARRIER INSTALLED BENEATH SWEET SOIL
Salty soil
Water table max. height for all months and all years
Drainage swale to collect groundwater
collected in capillary break.
Sweet soil
Terram Salt Barrier installed
as capillary break
Enlarged ditch section
STRUCTURAL DRAINAGE - FROST/SALT CAPILLARY PROTECTION
WITHOUT FROST BLANKET WITH FROST BLANKET
Surface failure through frost heave
Water table
Lateral drainage of groundwater
Terram Frost Blanket Capillary rise of water
Ice lenses Capillary rise of water
Water table
A Fiberweb plc company
Terram Limited
Mamhilad, Pontypool, Gwent
NP4 0YR, United Kingdom
tel +44 (0) 1495 757722
fax +44 (0) 1495 762393
email info@terram.com
www.terram.com
Registered ofce as above
Registered in England no 2254236
VAT no GB 888 1788 50
FM 22730
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
A full range of product data sheets, case studies and project
information request forms are available from Terram technical
support or as downloads from the Terram website. www.terram.com.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
The information contained herein has been prepared in good
faith and is, to the best of our knowledge, accurate in all material
respects. However, it does not purport to be comprehensive and
since the circumstances and conditions in which such information
and the products discussed herein can be used may vary and are
beyond our control, no representation or warranty, express or
implied, whether of merchantability, tness for purpose or against
patent infringement or otherwise, is or will be made and no
responslblllLy or llublllLy ls or wlll be uccepLed by 1errum LlmlLed,
any of its afliates or its or their respective directors, ofcers,
employees or agents in relation to the accuracy or completeness
or use of the information contained herein or any such products
and any such liability is expressly disclaimed.
The information contained herein is offered free of charge and
we give no undertaking to provide any additional, updated or
corrected information.
This brochure is printed on Revive 100 uncoated paper, which is
FSC certied as containing 100% post-consumer reclaimed material.