Ocean Energy

Where do we get our energy?

Fossil Fuels Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Power Solar Wind Hydroelectric Geothermal

Why Do We Need Alternative Energy? Ecological Necessity

Oceanic Effects of Increasing CO2 Concentrations

Economic Necessity
Fossil fuels becoming scarcer

Tidal Waves OTEC SWAC Biofuels

La Rance tidal power plant at St. Malo, France.

Wave Energy

Wave Energy
Oceanlinx

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC)

Marine Algae
Compelling Advantages
Algae Consume CO2, a Major Greenhouse Gas Do Not Use Fresh Water Do Not Require Arable Land Grow Very Rapidly Represent a New Source of Fuel* Represent a New Source of Animal Food *Historical Footnote - Most of Our Old Fuels (i.e., Fossil Fuels) Were Produced by:
MARINE ALGAE!

Reported yields for biomass crops

Biomass (Mt/ha/yr)
Soya

Oil-content (% dry mass) 20% 40% 20% 30-50% 35-65%

Biodiesel (Mt/ha/yr) 0.2-0.5 1.2 3.7 2.2-5.3 86.6

Bio-diesel (bbl/ha/yr) 1.4-3.5 8.2 26.4 16-38 350-700

1-2.5
Rapeseed

3
Palmoil

19
Jatropha

7.5-10
Microalgae

140-255

Note: 1Mt bio-diesel equals 1,136 litres

A Petroleum-Free Hawaii?
Plant Feedstock Soybean Rapeseed Oil Palm Oil Production (bbl acre-1 y-1) 1.14 3.02 15.10 Required Area (acres)*

8,736,000 3,298,000 660,000

Microalgae

175.00

54,300**

* Hawaiis transportation fuel consumption is 26,000 bbl/day (9,500,000 bbl/year) ** Kaho`olawe is 28,000 acres

Kona Pilot Facility

prove the concept 2010 2.5 ha Freeze initial set of technologies Show that a facility can produce large amounts of algae and can be
NPV-positive Energy-positive CO2-negative